Foreign Literature in Fish Farming Agriculture

Foreign Literature in Fish Farming Agriculture
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aquaculture "is

understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, mollusks,
crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the
rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection
from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock
being cultivated. The reported output from global aquaculture operations in 2014
supplied over one half of the fish and shellfish that is directly consumed by
humans; however, there are issues about the reliability of the reported figures. Further,
in current aquaculture practice, products from several pounds of wild fish are used to
produce one pound of a piscivorous fish like salmon.
Global fish production peaked at about 171 million tonnes in 2016, with
aquaculture representing 47 percent of the total and 53 percent if non-food uses
(including reduction to fishmeal and fish oil) are excluded. With capture fishery
production relatively static since the late 1980s, aquaculture has been responsible for
the continuing growth in the supply of fish for human consumption. Global aquaculture
production (including aquatic plants) in 2016 was 110.2 million tonnes, with the first-sale
value estimated at USD 243.5 billion. The contribution of aquaculture to the global
production of capture fisheries and aquaculture combined has risen continuously,
reaching 46.8 percent in 2016, up from 25.7 percent in 2000. With 5.8 percent annual
growth rate during the period 2001–2016, aquaculture continues to grow faster than
other major food production sectors, but it no longer has the high annual growth rates
experienced in the 1980s and 1990s.
In 2012, the total world production of fisheries was 158 million tonnes, of which
aquaculture contributed 66.6 million tonnes, about 42%.The growth rate of worldwide
aquaculture has been sustained and rapid, averaging about 8% per year for over 30
years, while the take from wild fisheries] has been essentially flat for the last decade.
The aquaculture market reached $86 billion in 2009.
Aquaculture is an especially important economic activity in China. Between 1980
and 1997, the Chinese Bureau of Fisheries reports, aquaculture harvests grew at an
annual rate of 16.7%, jumping from 1.9 million tonnes to nearly 23 million tonnes. In
2005, China accounted for 70% of world production. Aquaculture is also currently one of
the fastest-growing areas of food production in the U.S.
About 90% of all U.S. shrimp consumption is farmed and imported. In recent
years, salmon aquaculture has become a major export in southern Chile, especially
in Puerto Montt, Chile's fastest-growing city.
A United Nations report titled The State of the World Fisheries and
Aquaculture released in ay 2014 maintained fisheries and aquaculture support the
livelihoods of some 60 million people in Asia and Africa. FAO estimates that in 2016,
overall, women accounted for nearly 14 percent of all people directly engaged in the
fisheries and aquaculture primary sector
National laws, regulations, and management

Laws governing aquaculture practices vary greatly by country and are often not closely
regulated or easily traceable. In the United States, land-based and nearshore
aquaculture is regulated at the federal and state levels; however, no national laws
govern offshore aquaculture in U.S. exclusive economic zone waters. In June 2011, the
Department of Commerce and National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration released national aquaculture policies to address this issue and "to meet
the growing demand for healthy seafood, to create jobs in coastal communities, and
restore vital ecosystems." In 2011, Congresswoman Lois Capps introduced the National
Sustainable Offshore Aquaculture Act of 2011 "to establish a regulatory system and
research program for sustainable offshore aquaculture in the United States exclusive
economic zone"; however, the bill was not enacted into law.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculture#Around_the_world

Foreign Literature in Fish Farming Agriculture

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Foreign Literature in Fish Farming Agriculture

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aquaculture "is

National laws, regulations, and management

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