Algebra is one among the oldest branches in the history of mathematics dealing with the number

theory, geometry, and its analysis. The definition of algebra states sometimes as the study of the
mathematical symbols and the rules involving the manipulation of these mathematical symbols.
Algebra includes almost everything right from solving elementary equations to the study of the
abstractions. Algebra equations are included in many chapters of Maths, which student will learn in
their academics. Also, there are a number of formulas and identities present in algebra.
Algebra 1 and algebra 2 are the Maths courses included for students in their early and later stages of academics respectively. Like, algebra
1 is the elementary algebra practised in classes 7,8 or sometimes 9, where basics of algebra are taught. But, algebra 2 is the advanced
algebra, which is practised in high school level. The algebra problems will involve expressions, polynomials, the system of equations, real
numbers, inequalities, etc. Know more algebra symbols that is used in maths.
In BYJU’S, students will get the complete details of algebra including its equations, terms, formulas, etc. Also, solve examples based on
algebra concepts and practice worksheets to get a better understanding of the fundamentals of algebra.

Algebra Math
Algebra helps in to solve the mathematical equations and to derive the unknown quantities, like the bank interest, proportions, percentages.
The letter variables in the algebra can be used to represent the unknown quantities which are coupled with the ability to rewrite the equations
making it easier in finding the data for a given set of equations.
The algebraic formulas are used in daily life like finding the distance, find the volume in containers, or to figure out the sales prices as and
when needed. Algebra is very helpful in stating a mathematical equation and relationship by making use of letters or other symbols
representing as entities. The values of the equations of unknown quantities can be solved through algebra.
Some of the main topics coming under algebra include Basics of algebra, exponents, simplifying of algebraic expressions, polynomials,
quadratic equations, etc.

Branches of Algebra
Algebra is divided into different sub-branches;

Algebra 1 or Elementary Algebra

Elementary Algebra covers the traditional topics studied in a modern elementary algebra course. Arithmetic includes numbers along with
mathematical operations like +, -, x, ÷. But in the field of algebra, the numbers are often represented by the symbols and are called variables
such as x, a, n, y. It also allows the common formulation of the laws of arithmetic such as, a + b = b + a and it is the first step that shows
systematic exploration of all the properties of a system of real numbers.
The concepts coming under the elementary algebra includes variables, evaluating expressions and equations, properties of equalities and
inequalities, solving the algebraic equations and linear equations having one or two variables, logarithmic and Exponential equations, etc.

Algebra 2 or Advanced Algebra

This is the intermediate level Algebra or you can say prerequisite of Algebra 1. This algebra has a high level of equations to solve as
compared to pre-algebra.

Abstract Algebra
Abstract algebra is one of the divisions in algebra which discovers the truths relating to algebraic systems independent of specific nature of
some operations. These operations in specific cases have certain properties. Thus we can conclude some consequences of such properties.
Hence this branch of mathematics called abstract algebra.
Abstract algebra deals with algebraic structures like the fields, groups, modules, rings, lattices, vector spaces, etc.
The concepts of the abstract algebra are below-

1. Sets – Sets is defined as the collection of the objects that are determined by some specific property for a set. For Example- A set
of all the 2 by 2 matrices, the set of two-dimensional vectors present in the plane and different form of finite groups.
2. Binary Operations – When the concept of addition is conceptualized, it gives the binary operations. The concept of all the binary
operations will be meaningless without a set.
3. Identity Element – The numbers 0 and 1 are conceptualized to give the idea of an identity element for a specific operation. Here,
0 is called as the identity element for the operation addition, whereas 1 is called the identity element for the operation
multiplication.
4. Inverse Elements – The idea of Inverse elements comes up with the negative number. For Addition, we write -an as the inverse
of a and for the purpose of multiplication the inverse form is written as a−1.
5. Associativity – When integers are added, there is a property known as associativity in which the grouping up of numbers added
does not affect the sum. Consider for Example – (3 + 2) + 4 = 3 + (2 + 4)
Linear Algebra
Linear algebra is a branch of algebra which applies to both applied as well as pure mathematics. It deals with the linear mappings between
the vector spaces. It also deals with the study of planes and lines.

Commutative algebra
Commutative algebra is one of the branches of algebra that studies the commutative rings and its ideals. The algebraic number theory, as
well as the algebraic geometry, depending on the commutative algebra.

Parts of Algebra
Introduction to Algebra

 Algebra Basics
 Addition And Subtraction Of Algebraic Expressions
 Multiplication Of Algebraic Expressions
 BODMAS And Simplification Of Brackets
 Substitution Method
 Solving Inequalities

Exponents

 Introduction to Exponents
 Square Roots and Cube Roots
 Surds
 Simplifying Square Roots
 Laws of Exponents
 Exponents in Algebra

Simplifying

 Associative Property, Commutative Property, Distributive Laws

 Cross Multiply
 Fractions in Algebra

Polynomials

 What is a Polynomial?
 Adding And Subtracting Polynomials
 Multiplying Polynomials
 Rational Expressions
 Dividing Polynomials
 Polynomial Long Division
 Conjugate
 Rationalizing The Denominator

Quadratic Equations

 Solving Quadratic Equations

  Factoring Quadratics
 Completing the Square
Algebra is based on the concept of values that are unknown which are called variables. Basics of Algebra cover simple operation of
mathematics like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division involving both constant as well as variables. This introduces an important
algebraic concept known as equations. The equation can be thought of as a scale where the weights are balanced through numbers or
constants.

You can find the detail about some basics things in algebra like types of equations, expressions involving one variable or two variables in
Byju’s, the learning app.
Terms related to basic algebra skills are mentioned below.

1. Exponent
2. Expression
3. Polynomial (Monomial, binomial and trinomial)
4. Like terms and Unlike terms
5. Constants

An equation is a statement which implies two same identities separated by “=” sign. Whereas an expression is a group of different terms
separated by ‘+’ or ‘-‘ sign.
Like terms are those terms whose variables and their exponents are same.
Basic Algebra Rules:
The basic algebra rules are mentioned below:
1 The Symmetry rule
2 The commutative rules
3 The inverse of adding
4 Two rules for equation
Some of the basic algebra worksheets are given below containing basic math algebra questions.
Example 1: Find y, when, y + 15 = 30
Solution: y = 30 – 15
y = 15
Q2 : Find x, when, 9x = 63
Ans. x = 639<
x=7
Basic algebra practice is the key to success according to the tablet learning program.

Introduction
We are all interested in cricket but have you ever wondered that during the match why the run rate of the particular over is projected and
what does run rate mean? Or when you get your examination result card you mention the aggregate percentage. Again what is the meaning
of aggregate? All these quantities in real life make it easy to represent a collection of data in terms of a single value. It is called as Statistics.

Statistics deals with the collection of data and information for a particular purpose. The tabulation of each run for each ball in cricket gives the
statistics of the game. The representation of any such collection of data can be done in multiple ways, like through tables, graphs, pie-charts,
bar graphs, pictorial representation etc.
Now consider a 50 over ODI match going between India and Australia. India scored 370 runs by the end of first innings. How do you decide
whether India put a good score or not? It’s pretty simple right; you find the overall run rate which is good for such a score.

Measures of central tendency

Often in statistics, we tend to represent a set of data by a representative value which would approximately define the entire collection. This
representative value is called as the measures of central tendency. The name itself suggests that it is a value around which the data is
centered.
The measures of central tendency are given by various parameters but the most commonly used are mean, median and mode. These
parameters are discussed below.

Mean, Median and Mode:

Mean
Mean is most commonly used measures of central tendency. It actually represents the average of the given collection of data. It is applicable
for both continuous and discrete data.
It is equal to the sum of all the values in the collection of data divided by the total number of values.
Suppose we have n values in a set of data namely as x1,x2,x3……………….xn Then the mean of data is given by:
x¯=x1+x2+x3+……..+xnn
It can also be denoted as:

x¯=∑ni=0xin

Median
Generally median represents the mid value of the given set of data when arranged in a particular order.
Median: Given that the data collection is arranged in ascending or descending order, the following method is applied:

 i) If number of values or observations in the given data is odd, then the median is given by (n+12)th observation.
 ii) ) If in the given data set the number of values or observations is even then the median is given by the average
of (n2)th and (n+12)th observation.

Mode
The most frequent number occurring in the data set is known as the mode.
Consider the following data set which represents the marks obtained by different students in a subject.

Name Anmol Kushagra Garima Ashwini Geetika Shakshi

Marks Obtained (out of 100) 73 80 73 70 73 65

The maximum frequency observation is 73 ( as three students scored 73 marks), so the mode of the given data collection is 73.
Let us see the difference between mean median and mode through an example.
Example: The given table shows the scores obtained by different players in a match. What is mean, median and mode of the given data?

S.No Name Runs Scored

1 Sachin 80

2 Yuvraj 52

3 Virat 40

4 Sehwag 52

5 Rohit 70

6 Harbhajan 1

7 Dhoni 6
Solution:

i) The mean is given by x¯ = ∑ni=1xin

⇒x¯ = 80+52+40+52+70+1+67
⇒x¯ = 43
The mean of the given data is 43 .
ii) To find out the median let us first arrange the given data in ascending order

Name Harbhajan Dhoni Virat Yuvraj Sehwag Rohit Sachin

Runs 1 6 40 52 52 70 80

As the number of items in the data is odd in number the median is (n+12)th observation.
⇒ Median = (7+12)th observation = 52
⇒ Median observation
iii) Mode is most frequent data which is 52.
To know more about Measures of central tendency and the application of Mean, Median and Mode with solved examples stay tuned with
BYJU’S.