Investigatory Project

NAME: AKSHAT SIROHI
CLASS: XII-PCM
ROLL NO:
TEACHER: MR. B.K. SHUKLA
CERTIFICATE
IT IS HEREBY TO CERTIFY THAT, THE ORIGINAL AND
GENUINE INVESTIGATION WORK HAS BEEN CARRIED
OUT TO INVESTIGATE ABOUT THE SUBJECT MATTER
AND THE RELATED DATA COLLECTION AND
INVESTIGATION HAS BEEN COMPLETED SOLELY,
SINCERELY AND SATISFACTORILY BY AKSHAT SIROHI
OF CLASS XII-PCM REGARDING HIS PROJECT TITLED
“WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION THROUGH TESLA
COIL”
TEACHER SIGNATURE
B.K. SHUKLA
(PGT PHYSICS)
NWS GHAZIABAD
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A LOT OF EFFORT HAS GONE INTO THE

PREPARATION OF THE PROJECT. I AM
THANKFUL TO ALL THE BOOKS,
INTERNET AND ALL THE PEOPLE WHO
HELPED ME IN COMPLETING THIS
PROJECT. I WANT TO GIVE A SPECIAL
THANKS TO MY PHYSICS TEACHER MR.
B.K. SHUKLA SIR, WHO GAVE ME THIS
OPPORTUNTY AND PROVIDED
GUIDANCE AND SUPPORT.
INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FUNDAMENTALS
3. COMPONENTS
4. PRINCIPAL
5. CONSTRUCTION
6. WORKING
7. DIAGRAM
8. ADVAN./DISADVANTAGE
9. APPLICATIONS
10. TESLA COIL IN ENTERTAIN.
11. CONCLUSION
12. BIBLIOGRAPHY
TESLA COIL
The Tesla Coil is a machine for generating extreme high
voltages. It's sort of like the Van De Graff generator, but
much more powerful. When you fire it up, the shiny
donut/sphere-shaped part on top is energized with about
500,000 volts of high-frequency current. The Tesla coil uses
high-frequency transformer action together with resonant
voltage amplification to generate potentials in the range of
tens to hundreds, or even thousands of kilovolts.
About 100 years ago Nikola Tesla invented his "Tesla Coil".
Tesla invented his coil with the intention of transmitting
electricity through the air. He conducted much research in
this area. He purposed using a few coils spread across the
globe to transmit electrical energy through the earth.
Wherever power was needed one would need only a
receiving coil to convert the power into a useful form.
Tesla coil circuits were used commercially in spark gap radio
transmitters for wireless telegraphy until the 1920s, and in
electrotherapy and pseudo medical devices such as violet
ray. Today, their main use is entertainment and educational
displays.
Tesla coils or resonant transformers of high frequency and
high potential have been used in many commercial
applications; the only variation being the high voltage is
used to produce an effect other than a spark. Although not
all commercial applications for Tesla coils are still in use
some historical and modern day applications including:
 Spark gap radio transmitters
 Induction and dielectric heating (vacuum tube & spark
gap types)
 Induction coils (differ only in the transformer core
material being used)
 Medical X-ray devices (typically driven by an induction
coil)
 Quack medical devices (violet-ray)
 Ozone generators
 Particle accelerators
 Electrical stage shows & entertainment
 Generation of extremely high voltage with relatively
high power levels.
FUNDAMENTALS
Electricity is a general term that
encompasses a variety of phenomena resulting
from the presence and flow of electric charge.
Magnetism is a force that acts at a distance
due to a magnetic field. This field is caused by
moving electrically charged particles or is inherent
in magnetic objects such as magnet.
Electromagnetic induction is the
production of voltage across a conductor moving
through a magnetic field.
Energy/Power Coupling Energy
coupling occurs when an energy source has a
means of transferring energy to another object.
Electromagnetism is one of the four
fundamental interactions of nature, along with
strong interaction, weak interaction and
gravitation. It is the force that causes the
interaction between electrically charged particles;
the areas in which this happens are called
electromagnetic fields
Resonance is the tendency of a system to
oscillate with larger amplitude at some
frequencies than at others. These are known as
the system's resonant frequencies (or resonance
frequencies). At these frequencies, even small
periodic driving forces can produce large
amplitude oscillations.
Resonant Magnetic Coupling
Magnetic coupling occurs when two objects
exchange energy through their varying or
oscillating magnetic fields. Resonant coupling
occurs when the natural frequencies of the two
objects are approximately the same.
RESISTOR: A resistor is a component that
opposes a flowing current( A resistor of 22k
resistance is used in the project). Every conductor
has a certain resistance if one applies a potential
difference V at the terminals of a resistor, the
current I passing through it is given by:
V=I/R
This formula is known as Ohm’s Law. The SI unit
of resistance is Ohm (Ω). One can show that the
power (in J/s) dissipated due to a resistance is
equal to :
P=VI
CAPACITOR: A Capacitor is a component that
can store energy in the form of an electric field.
Less abstractly, it is composed in its most basic
form of two electrodes separated by a dielectric
medium. If there is a potential difference V
between those two electrodes, charges will
accumulate on those electrodes: a charge Q on
the positive them. An electrical field therefore
arises between them. If both of the electrodes
carry the same amount of charge, one can write:
Q=CV
INDUCTOR: An inductor stores the energy in

the form a magnetic field. Every electrical circuit
is characterized by a certain inductance.
MAGNETIC WIRE: Magnet wire or enameled
wire is a copper or aluminum wire coated with a
very thin layer of insulation. It is used in the
construction of transformers, inductors, motors,
speakers, hard disk head actuators,
electromagnets, and other applications which
require tight coils of wire. The wire itself is most
often fully annealed, electrolytic ally refined
copper. An aluminum wire must have 1.6 times
the cross sectional area as a copper wire to
achieve comparable DC resistance. Due to this,
copper magnet wires contribute to improving
energy efficiency in equipment such as electric
motors.
BATTERY: An electric battery is a device
consisting of one or more electrochemical cells
that convert stored chemical energy into
electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive
terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or
anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between
the electrodes and terminals, which allows
current to flow out of the battery to perform
work. Primary (single-use or "disposable")
batteries are used once and discarded; the
electrode materials are irreversibly changed
during discharge. Secondary (rechargeable
batteries) can be discharged and recharged
multiple times; the original compositions of the
electrodes can be restored by reverse current.
 ON/OFF SWITCH: ON/OFF switch is used to
on or off the power supply in the circuit. A simple
on/off switch is being used in the model.
TRANSISTOR: A transistor is a semiconductor

device used to amplify or switch electronic signals
and electrical power. It is composed of
semiconductor material usually with at least
three terminals for connection to an external
circuit.
 FARADAY’S LAW OF MAGNETIC
INDUCTION:
“The induced electromotive force in any closed circuit

is equal to the negative of the time rate of change of
the magnetic flux enclosed by the circuit.”
According to which, when a conductor is placed under
a varying magnetic field, a small current will be
induced inside the conductor. For a Tesla coil this
conductor will be called as the secondary coil and the
varying magnetic field will be produced by the primary
coil by passing an oscillating current through the
primary coil.
 MAGNETIC FLUX:
Magnetic flux is the number of magnetic field lines

passing through a closed surface (such as a conducting
coil).
 Take a PVC pipe of length 20cm
approximately.
 Wound the magnetic wire around the
pipe leaving no gap between the wires.
Wound atleast 200 times.
 Make an inductor with thick copper
wire.
 Fix the PVC pipe on the wooden base.
 Make all the connections as shown in
the diagram on the wooden base.
 Solder all the connentions once the
circuiting in done.
As the capacitor charges from the high voltage power
Supply, the potential across the static spark gap electrodes
increases until the air between the spark gap ionizes
allowing a low resistance path for the current to flow
through; the “switch” is closed. Once the capacitor has
discharged, the potential across the spark gap is no longer
sufficient to maintain ionized air between the electrodes
and the “switch” is open. This happens hundreds of times
a second producing high frequency (radio frequency) AC
current through the primary coil. The capacitor and
primary coil produces an LCR (inductor-capacitor-resistor)
circuit that resonates at a high resonant frequency. The
secondary coil and top load also create an LCR circuit that
must have a resonant frequency equal to the resonant
frequency of the primary circuit. The high resonant
frequency coupling of the primary coil with the secondary
coil induces very high voltage spikes in the secondary coil.
The top load allows a uniform electric charge distribution
to build up and lightning like strikes are produced from
this to a point of lower potential, in most cases ground.
The coupling between the primary and secondary coils do
not act in the same way as a normal transformer coil
would but works by high frequency resonant climbing or
charging to induce extremely high voltages. The true
physics is still not completely understood but can be
modeled experimentally.
 Allows a wide range of firing rates to be investigated
with a variable speed rotary spark gap, without
encountering beating and surging.
 Allows power throughput to be controlled by altering
the rotary speed.
 Charging is slow immediately after the spark gap fires.
 Provides excellent load sharing if a 3 phase rectifier is
used at higher powers.
More complex circuit is required.

Greater cost.
Large DC smoothing capacitor is needed unless
3phase power is used. Such a capacitor is
expensive, and stores lethal energy.
High voltage, high inductance charging inductor is
needed. This is a specialised part and may be
difficult to obtain.
Requires a 3-phase supply to be most effective.
 Tesla coil circuits were used commercially in
spark gap radio transmitters for wireless
telegraphy telegraphy until the 1920s,and in
electrotherapy and pseudomedical devices such
as violet ray.
Today, although small Tesla coils are used as leak
detectors in scientific high vacuum systems and
igniters in arc welders, their main use is
entertainment and educational displays.
Tesla coils are built by many high-voltage
enthusiasts, research institutions, science
museums, and independent experimenters.
Although electronic circuit controllers have been
developed, Tesla's original spark gap design is
less expensive and has proven extremely reliable.
Tesla coils can also be used to generate sounds,
including music, by modulating the system's
effective "break rate" (i.e., the rate and duration
of high power RF bursts)
Tesla coils are very popular devices among
certain electrical engineers and electronics
enthusiasts. Builders of Tesla coils as a hobby are
called “Coilers". A very large Tesla coil, designed
and built by Syd Klinge, is shown every year at
the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, in
Coachella, Indio, California, USA.
People attend "coiling" conventions where they
display their home-made Tesla coils and other
electrical devices of interest.
The main objective was to demonstrate wireless
power transmission using solid state tesla coils.
Tesla coils are remarkable devices able to
generate high voltage, high frequency waveforms
with little control circuitry.
Most of the builders of Tesla coils are interested
in producing electric arcs and visible effects
suitable for displays and general amusement, not
in producing power supplies and power effects
units which may have significant practical
importance.
It has demonstrated that tesla coils can be
designed for wireless power transmission.
 https://www.google.com/
 https://www.wikipedia.org/
 https://hi.quora.com/
 http://tayloredge.com/reference/
Machines/TeslaCoil

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What are the main components of a Tesla coil?

How does a Tesla coil work?

NAME: AKSHAT SIROHI

A LOT OF EFFORT HAS GONE INTO THE

INDUCTOR: An inductor stores the energy in

TRANSISTOR: A transistor is a semiconductor

“The induced electromotive force in any closed circuit

Magnetic flux is the number of magnetic field lines

More complex circuit is required.

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