Bluetooth Robot Control FULL Report

A
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted on
“ ROBOT CONTROL USING ANDROID PHONE OVER

BLUETOOTH”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

Requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
Electronics’ & Communication Engineering.
Submitted To: Submitted By:
Department of Electronics’ & Communication Engineering

HOME AUTOMATION USING ANDROID PHONE OVER BLUETOOTH
Abstract
The past decade has seen significant advancement in the field of consumer electronics.
Various ‘intelligent’ appliances such as cellular phones, air-conditioners, home
security devices, home theatres, etc. are set to realize the concept of a smart home.
They have given rise to a Personal Area Network in home environment, where all
these appliances can be interconnected and monitored using a single controller.
Busy families and individuals with physical limitation represent an attractive market
for ROBOT CONTROL and networking. A wireless home network that does not
incur additional costs of wiring would be desirable. Bluetooth technology, which has
emerged in late 1990s, is an ideal solution for this purpose.
ROBOT CONTROL involves introducing a degree of computerized or automatic

control to
Certain electrical and electronic systems in a building. These include lighting,
temperature
Control etc.
This project demonstrates a simple ROBOT CONTROL system which contains a

remote mobile host controller and several client modules (home appliances). The
client modules communicate with the host controller through a wireless device such as
a Bluetooth enabled mobile phone, in this case, an android based Smart phone.
Page 2
Table of Content
Chapter
Particulars Page No.
No.
i Declaration i
ii Certificate ii
iii Acknowledgment iii
iv Abstract iv
vi Table of Contents v-vii
vi List of figures viii
viii Abbreviations ix
Chapter 1. Overview of Project 1-3

1.1 Introduction 1-2
1.2 Block diagram 3
1.3 Project Modules 3
Chapter 2. Hardware Description 4-22

2.1 Microcontroller 4-12
2.1.1 89552 4
2.1.2 Block Diagram 5
2.1.3 Features 5
2.1.4 Pin diagram 6
2.1.5 Pin description 7-10
2.1.6 Special Function Registers 11
2.1.7 Memory Organization 11
2.1.7
Program Memory 11
.1
2.1.7
Data Memory 12
.2
2.1.8 Watchdog Timer 12
BLUETOOTH MODULE (HC-
2.2 13-16
05):Overview
2.2.1
Specifications 14
.
2.2.2
Pin out configuration 15
.
2.2.3 Typical Application Circuit 15
2.2.4
Pairing 16
.
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2.2.5 Hc-05 Bluetooth module working

16
. voltage
2.2.6
Serial communication 16
.
2.3 Driver IC 17-20
ULN2803A Darlington Transistor
2.3.1 17
Arrays
2.3.2 Simplified Schematics 17
2.3.3
Functional Block Diagram 18
.
2.3.4 Pin diagram 19
2.3.5 Inductive Load Drive 19
2.3.6 Resistive Load Drive 20
2.4 Switches 20
2.4.1 Relay 20
2.5 Connector 21
2.6 Vp812 burner 21
2.7 Power supply 22
Chapter 3. Software 23-27

Introduction 23
3.1 PROTEUS 23
3.2 KEIL 24
3.3 VP812 25
3.4 Android App 26-27
Chapter 4. Serial communication in 89s52 28-32

Serial communication-Introduction 28
4.1 Selection of baud rate 28
4.2 SBUF register 28-29
4.2
Configuration of SCON register 29
.1
4.2
SM0, SM1 29
.2
4.3 REN (receive enable) 30
4.4 TI (transmit interrupt) 30
4.5 RI (receive interrupt) 30
Steps for transmitting and
4.6 30-32
receiving of character
The steps that 8051 goes through
4.6.1 30
in transmitting a character via TxD
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Programming the 8051 to transfer

4.6.2. 31
character bytes serially
4.6.3 Importance of TI Flag 32
Programming the 8051 to receive
4.6.4 32
character bytes serially
Chapter 5. Program 33-43

5.1 PROGRAM CODES 33-43
5.2 Program detail 43
Chapter 6. Circuit diagram & Component List 44

6.1. Component list 44
Chapter 7. Problem descriptions 45-46
Chapter 8. Advantages & Disadvantages 47-48

8.1 Advantages 47
8.2. Disadvantages 48
Chapter 9. Future scope 49
Conclusion 50
References 51
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List of Figures
Figure
Figure Name Page No.
No
Page 6
1 Block diagram of Bluetooth based home automation 3

2 Block diagram of 8051 micro controller 5
3 Pin Diagram of 89S52 6
4 Pull up resistor 9
5 HC-05 Bluetooth 14
6 Pin-out of HC-05 15
7 Simplified Schematics of ULN2803 17
8 Functional block diagram of ULN2803 18
9 Pin diagram of ULN2803 19
10 Relays 20
11 VP812 hex file burner 21
12 Samsung charger 22
13 Proteus window 23
14 micro vision (keil) 24
15 Window screen of VP912/VP812 burner 25
16 Android Logo 26
17 Selection of baud rate 28
18 SCON register 29
19 Serial mode selection 30
20 Wiring connection to switch 45
General Abbreviation
PLC: Programmable logic controllers.
SCADA: Supervisory control and data acquisition.
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I/P: Input
O/P: Output.
T-On: On timer.
T-Off: Off timer.
M: Memory Bits.
Q: Output in program.
MW: Memory words.
NO: Normally open.
NC: Normally closed.
DCS: Distributed Control System.
HMI: Human machine interference.
VFD: Variable Frequency Drive.
MD: Memory Double Word.
MB: Memory Byte
XIC: Examine If Closed
XIO: Examine If Open
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF PROJECT
Page 8
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF PROJECT
1.1. INTRODUCTION:
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Automation involves introducing a degree of computerized or automatic

control to certain electrical and electronic systems in a building. These
include lighting, temperature control, etc. The past decade has seen
significant advancement in the field of consumer electronics. Various
intelligent appliances such as cellular phone, air conditioners, home
security devices, home theaters, etc., are set to realize the concept of a
smart home. They have given rise to a Personal Area Network in home
environment, where all these appliances can be interconnected and
monitored using a single controller.
This project demonstrates an automation system which contains a remote

mobile host controller and several client modules (eg.Office, home
appliances). The client modules communicate with the host controller
through a wireless device such as a Bluetooth enabled mobile phone, in
this case, an android based Smart phone.
Although automation today is not a new thing but most advanced ROBOT
CONTROL systems in existence today require a big and expensive
change of infrastructure. We have proposed an automation system that
can control appliances like TVs, Fan, Tube lights from an android mobile
using Bluetooth. In this a low cost secure cell phone based, flexible
automation system is introduced. Devices are connected to the
microcontroller based switching circuit.
The communication between the cell phone and the microcontroller board
is wireless. Additional devices can be connected into the system with little
modifications. The phone will be Android OS based phone. The switching
circuit will be having microcontroller coding to control the electronics
devices like fans and lights etc. 8-bit microcontroller board based on the
atmel89s52 and the HC-05 Bluetooth module is used. It supports wireless
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serial communication over Bluetooth. This board has 32 digital input and
output ports.
The 89s52 can be programmed using the microcontroller’s high-level

interactive embedded C language. The Bluetooth antenna in our module
picks up the packets sent from the cell phone. Subsequently, these
packets containing the device status as commands are pipelined through
89s52 microcontroller and the designed analogue circuitry according to
the definition of each output.
Different home or office appliances are connected to the digital output

ports of the circuit via relays to provide sufficiently high currents and
voltage compatibility. For test purposes, 25W, 240V lamps will be used.
We send commands from an application which is developed in phone to

turn ON/OFF a device. A feedback circuit has been designed and
implemented to indicate the devices actual status after it receives the
command (ON/OFF) from the cell phone. Once the command has been
sent to turn ON a device, the feedback circuit senses the current and gives
an output signal by turning ON a respective led on the switching circuitry
indicating that the device is ON. Otherwise, the device is malfunctioning
indicating that the command was not executed successfully. We can also
operate the appliances of Home or Office in Bluetooth range area.
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1.2. Block diagram:-
Figure 1: Block diagram of Bluetooth based home automation
In this block diagram communication is in both direction between android

mobile and Bluetooth module. This communication is done one by one
only one at a time. This communication is called half duplex.
Feedback is done by getting 220v.feedback circuitry is so deigned that

microcontroller can easily sense.
1.3. Project Modules :-

The project can be better described by dividing it into two categories,
namely,
1. Hardware
2. Software
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Chapter 2
Hardware Description
Page 13
Chapter 2
Hardware Description
2.1 Microcontroller:-Micro controller is just like a small computer

but the basic difference comes in size and memory. These have CPU, RAM,
ROM, I/O and timers are all on a single chip. It means you don’t need any
extra device to make it functional like with a micro-processor. Generally
this microcontroller is used where a specific task is needed to do. So fixed
amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, and number of I/O ports makes them ideal
for a many applications in which cost and space are critical The
microcontroller is used by us in over project is AT89S52.
2.1.1.89S52:- The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS

8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash
memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density
nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-
standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the
program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional
nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with
in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is
a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-
effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89S52
provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of
RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit
timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex
serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52
is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and
supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode
stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and
interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the
RAM con-tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions
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until the next interrupt or hardware reset. The block diagram is shown
below.
2.1.2. Block Diagram:-
Figure 2: Block diagram of 8051 micro controller
2.1.3. Features
i. Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
ii. 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
– Endurance: 10 k Write/Erase Cycles
iii. 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
iv. Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
v. Three-level Program Memory Lock
vi. 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
vii. 32 Programmable I/O Lines
viii. Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
ix. Eight Interrupt Sources
x. Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
xi. Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
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xii. Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode

xiii. Watchdog Timer
xiv. Dual Data Pointer
xv. Power-off Flag
xvi. Fast Programming Time
xvii. Flexible ISP Programming (Byte and Page Mode)
xviii. Green (Pb/Halide-free) Packaging Option
2.1.4 Pin diagram:-
Fig. 3: Pin Diagram of 89S52
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2.1.5. Pin description:-

VCC:
Pin 40 provides supply voltage to the chip. The voltage source is +5 Volts.
GND:
Pin 20 is the ground.
XTAL1 and XTAL2:

The 8051 has an on chip oscillator but requires an external clock to run it.
Most often a quartz crystal oscillator is connected to inputs XTAL1 (pin 19)
and XTAL2 (pin 18). The quartz crystal oscillator connected to XTAL1 and
XTAL2 also needs two capacitors of 30 pf value. One side of each capacitor
is connected to the ground. Speed refers to the maximum oscillator
frequency connected to XTAL .When the 8051 is connected to a crystal
oscillator is powered up we can observe the frequency on the XTAL2 pin
using the oscilloscope.
RST:
Pin 9 is the RESET pin. It is an input and is active high. Upon applying a
high pulse to this pin the microcontroller well reset and terminate all
activities. This is often referred to as a power on reset .Activating a power
on reset will cause all values the registers to be lost. It will set program
counter to all 0s.
In order for the RESET input to be effective it must have a minimum
duration of two machine cycles. In other words the high pulse must be
high for a minimum of two machine cycles before it is allowed to go low.
EA:
The 8051 family members such as the 8751/52, 89C51/52 or DS89C4*0 all
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come with on chip ROM to store programs. In such cases the EA pin is
connected to Vcc. For family members such as the 8031 and 8032 in which
there is no on chip ROM, code is stored on an external ROM and is fetched
by 8031/32. Therefore for the 8031 the EA pin must be connected to GND
to indicate that the code is stored externally. EA which stands for “external
access” is pin number 31 in the DIP packages. It is an input pin and must
be connected to either Vcc or GND. In other words it cannot be
unconnected.
PSEN:
This is an output pin. PSEN stands for “program store enable”. In an 8031
based system in which an external ROM holds the program code, this pin is
connected to the OE pin of the ROM.
ALE:
ALE stands for “address latch enable. It is an output pin and is active high.
When connecting an 8031 to external memory, port 0 provides both
address and data. In other words the 8031 multiplexes address and data
through port 0 to save pins. The ALE pin is used for de-multiplexing the
address and data by connecting to G pin of the 74LS373 chip.
PORTS 0,1,2,3:
All the ports upon RESET are configured as input, since P0-P3 have value
FFH on them. The following is a summary of features of P0-P3.
PORT 0:
Port 0 is also designated as AD0-AD7 allowing it to be used for both
address and data. When connecting an 8051/31 to an external memory,
port 0 provides both address and data. The 8051 multiplexes address and
data through port 0 to save pins. ALE indicates if p0 has address A0-A7.in
the 8051 based systems where there is no external memory connection
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the pins of P0 must be connected externally to 10k-ohm pull-up resistor.

This is due to the fact that P0 is an open drain, unlike P1, P2 and P3. Open
drain is a term used for MOS chips in the same way that open collector is
used for TTL chips. In many systems using the 8751, 89c51 or DS89c4*0
chips we normally connect P0 to pull up resistors.
Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs
the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required
during program verification.
Fig. 4.pull up resistor
Port 1:
Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1
output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port
1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as
inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will
source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. In addition, P1.0 and
P1.1 can be configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count input
(P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively,
as shown in the following table. Port 1 also receives the low-order address
bytes during Flash programming and verification.
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Port 2
source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-
order address byte during fetches from external program memory and
during accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit addresses
(MOVX @ DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups
when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that uses 8-
bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special
Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and
some control signals during Flash programming and verification.
Port 3
source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 receives some control
signals for Flash programming and verification. Port 3 also serves the
functions of various special features of the AT89S52, as shown in the
following table.
Port 3 Alternate functions:
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2.1.6. Special Function Registers:
Timer 2 Registers: Control and status bits are contained in registers T2CON
(shown in Table 5- 2) and T2MOD (shown in Table 10-2) for Timer 2. The
register pair (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) is the Capture/Reload registers for Timer 2
in 16-bit capture mode or 16-bit auto-reload mode.
The individual interrupt enable bits are in the IE register.

Interrupt Registers:
Two priorities can be set for each of the six interrupt sources in the IP
register.
Dual Data Pointer Registers: To facilitate accessing both internal and external
data memory, two banks of 16-bit Data Pointer Registers are provided:
DP0 at SFR address locations 82H-83H and DP1 at 84H-85H. Bit DPS = 0 in
SFR AUXR1 selects DP0 and DPS = 1 selects DP1. The user should ALWAYS
initialize the DPS bit to the appropriate value before accessing the
respective Data Pointer Register.
The Power Off Flag (POF) is located at bit 4 (PCON.4) in the

Power off Flag:
PCON SFR. POF is set to “1” during power up. It can be set and rest under
software control and is not affected by reset.
2.1.7. Memory Organization
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MCS-51 devices have a separate address space for Program and Data
Memory. Up to 64K bytes each of external Program and Data Memory can
be addressed.
2.1.7.1. Program Memory

If the EA pin is connected to GND, all program fetches are directed to
external memory. On the AT89S52, if EA is connected to VCC, program
fetches to addresses 0000H through 1FFFH are directed to internal
memory and fetches to addresses 2000H through FFFFH are to external
memory.
2.1.7.2. Data Memory
The AT89S52 implements 256 bytes of on-chip RAM. The upper 128 bytes
occupy a parallel address space to the Special Function Registers. This
means that the upper 128 bytes have the same addresses as the SFR
space but are physically separate from SFR space.
When an instruction accesses an internal location above address 7FH, the

address mode used in the instruction specifies whether the CPU accesses
the upper 128 bytes of RAM or the SFR space. Instructions which use direct
addressing access the SFR space.
For example, the following direct addressing instruction accesses the SFR
at location 0A0H (which is P2).
MOV 0A0H, #data
Instructions that use indirect addressing access the upper 128 bytes of
RAM. For example, the following indirect addressing instruction, where R0
contains 0A0H, accesses the data byte at address 0A0H, rather than P2
(whose address is 0A0H).
MOV @R0, #data
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Note that stack operations are examples of indirect addressing, so the

upper 128 bytes of data RAM are available as stack space.
2.1.8. Watchdog Timer (One-time Enabled with

Reset-out)
The WDT is intended as a recovery method in situations where the CPU

may be subjected to software upsets. The WDT consists of a 14-bit counter
and the Watchdog Timer Reset (WDTRST) SFR. The WDT is defaulted to
disable from exiting reset. To enable the WDT, a user must write 01EH and
0E1H in sequence to the WDTRST register (SFR location 0A6H). When the
WDT is enabled, it will increment every machine cycle while the oscillator
is running. The WDT timeout period is dependent on the external clock
frequency. There is no way to disable the WDT except through reset (either
hardware reset or WDT overflow reset). When WDT over-flows, it will drive
an output RESET HIGH pulse at the RST pin.
2.2 BLUETOOTH MODULE (HC-05):

Overview: Communication device:-over project is based on wireless
communication between micro controller and mobile phone. But alone
micro controller is not able to communicate directly to the android mobile
phone. Bluetooth Serial module’s operation doesn’t need drive, and can
communicate with the other Bluetooth device that has the serial. But
communication between two Bluetooth modules requires at
Least two conditions:
(1) The communication must be between master and slave.
(2) The password must be correct.
HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol)

module, designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup. Serial
port Bluetooth module is fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced
Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver and
baseband. It uses CSR Blue core 04‐External single chip Bluetooth system
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with CMOS technology and with AFH (Adaptive Frequency Hopping

Feature). It has the
Foot print as small as 12.7mmx27mm.
HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol)

module, designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup. Serial
port Bluetooth module is fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced
Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver and
baseband
Bluetooth Wireless networks for short range communications have a wide
spread usage of Bluetooth radio transmissions between 2400–2480 MHz
Modern mobile devices embed small, low-powered and cheap integrated
chips functioning as short-range radio transceivers for Bluetooth radio
communications. Device pairing, authentication, encryption and
authorization techniques have given recognition to Bluetooth technology
due to its vital security mechanisms.
Different types of Bluetooth applications can be developed using Android
platform architecture using the Bluetooth profiles. The device
manufacturers provide the services using the support of these profiles in
their devices to maintain compatibility for the Bluetooth technology
Fig. 5.HC-05 Bluetooth
2.2.1. Specifications
Hardware features
 Typical -80dBm sensitivity.
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 Up to +4dBm RF transmits power.

 Low Power 1.8V Operation, 3.3 to 5 V I/O.
 PIO control.
 UART interface with programmable baud rate.
 With integrated antenna.
 With edge connector.
Software features
 Slave default Baud rate: 9600, Data bits:8, Stop bit:1,Parity:No parity.
 PIO9 and PIO8 can be connected to red and blue led separately. When
master and slave are paired, red and blue led blinks 1time/2s in
interval, while disconnected only blue led blinks 2times/s.
 Auto connects to the last device on power as default.
 Permit pairing device to connect as default.
 Auto pairing PINCODE:”1234” as default.
 Auto reconnect in 30 min when disconnected as a result of beyond the
range of connection.
2.2.2. Pin out configuration
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Figure 6: Pin-out of HC-05
2.2.3. Typical Application Circuit:
2.2.4. Pairing:
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After connect the Bluetooth module, scan for new devices from the
Android phone and you will find the module with the device name “HC-
05”, after that, click to connect, if some message appears asking about
“Pairing code” just put
“1234” as default code.
BLUE LED = ACTIVE (Blinking 500ms period inactive connection, change

1seg with active connection)
How to get to the standard communication

mode
1. Leave free KEY, don’t connect it to VDD neither GND.

2. Supply power to the module. Then the module will enter to
communication mode. It can be used for pairing.
2.2.5. HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE WORKING

VOLTAGE:-
The Bluetooth module HC-05 is used to receive & transmit data between
Bluetooth device and MCU. It requires power supply from 3.3V to 5V.
2.2.6. SERIAL COMMUNICATION:-

To transfer to a device located many meters away, the serial method is
used. The data is sent one bit at a time. Here not 8bit data is send 2 extra
bit are send along with it .this two bit are called start bit and stop bit.
These tow bit are used so synchronization can be done between
transmitter and receiver.
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2.3 Driver IC:

2.3.1 ULN2803A Darlington Transistor Arrays:-
The ULN2803A device is a high-voltage, high- current Darlington
transistor array. The device consists of eight NPN Darlington pairs that
feature high-voltage outputs with common-cathode clamp diodes for
switching inductive loads. The collector-current rating of each Darlington
pair is 500 mA. The Darlington pairs may be connected in parallel for
higher current capability.
2.3.2 Simplified Schematics
Fig. 7.Simplified Schematics of ULN2803
2.3.3. Functional Block Diagram:

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Fig. 8.Functional block diagram of ULN2803
Each channel of ULN2803A consists of Darlington connected NPN

transistors. This connection creates the effect of a single transistor with a
very high current gain. This can be as high as 10,000 A/A at certain
currents. The very high gain allows for high output current drive with a
very low input current, essentially equating to operation with low GPIO
voltages. The GPIO voltage is converted to base current via the 2.7 kΩ
resistor connected between the input and base of the pre-driver
Darlington NPN. The 7.2 kΩ & 3.0 kΩ resistors connected between the
base and emitter of each respective NPN act as pull-downs and suppress
the amount of leakage that may occur from the input. The diodes
connected between the output and COM pin is used to suppress the kick-
back voltage from an inductive load that is excited when the NPN drivers
are turned off (stop sinking) and the stored energy in the coils causes a
reverse current to flow into the coil supply via the kick-back diode. In
normal operation the diodes on base and collector pins to emitter will be
reversed biased. If these diode are forward biased, internal parasitic NPN
transistors will draw (a nearly equal) current from other (nearby) device
pins.
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2.3.4 Pin diagram:-
Fig. 9.pin diaygram of uln 2803
ULN2803A Darlington Transistor Arrays pin no 10 can be used for inductive

or non-inductive load. These high output current driver pin can sink
500mA.If requirement of more current then two pin can also be connected
parallel. Parallel connection must be done both input and output. Input and
output current will multiply according to number of input and output
connected parallel.
2.3.5 Inductive Load Drive
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When the COM pin is tied to the coil supply voltage, ULN2803A is able to
drive inductive loads and suppress the Kick-back voltage via the internal
freewheeling diodes.
2.3.6 Resistive Load Drive
When driving a resistive load, a pull-up resistor is needed in order for
ULN2803A to sink current and for there to be a logic high level. The COM
pin can be left floating for these applications
2.4 Switches:-
Switches are used for connecting or disconnecting electrical circuit. Many
types of switches are there. Some are operate mechanically or electrically.
Some types are SPST, SPDT, DPST and DPDT in case of switch. SPST
stands for single pole single through, SPDT stands for single pole double
through, DPST stands for double pole single through and DPDT stands for
double pole double through,
In relays points are defines by NO, NC.
NO stand for normally on and NC stands for normally off.
2.4.1 Relay:-
Relays are electromagnetic switch. Which can be turn on and off by
Appling electrical current. Working voltage is printed on the relay. In this
project we are using 6volt relay. Many relay use an electromagnet to
mechanically operate a switch.
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Fig.10. .Relays
2.5 Connector:-
Connectors are used for joining two wires temporally by using connector
big circuit can be divided and after completion they can rejoin. Now a
day’s every time inverter circuited can be removed out without using de
soldering.
2.6 Vp812 burner:-

This is the vp812 burner hardware. This is used to burn hex file to the
ATMEL 89s52 microcontroller. This burner we can also burn PIC, AVR
microcontrollers.
Figure 11: VP812 hex file burner
There is a method given which shows how to place microcontroller on this

burner. If wrong method is used then there will be error display “id not
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matched”. This vp812 burner comes with support cd which has software.
This cd includes usb to serial software.
This software support window 7, vista and XP only.
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2.7 Power supply:-

Samsung charger is used for giving 5v power supply to the circuit. This
charger having power of 700 mA. So circuit can run properly. This
Samsung charger is made of switch mode power supply.
Fig. 12.Samsung charger
In many project this can be very useful because of compact package. If we

made a normally power supply by using transformer then it takes larger
space on voltage regulation must be done. But in this charger all thing is
done. As this charger is used for charging the battery so it can gave
continues fixed voltage for long time of period. This charger circuitry is
made by semiconductor and a small transformer or we can say SMPS
“switch mode power supply” as a capacitor is used in this charger so
charger can gave output for a short duration if power is switched-off.
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Chapter 3
Software
Page 35
Chapter 3
Software
INTRODUCTION: Electronic design automation (EDA or ECAD) is a

category of software tools for designing electronic systems such as
printed circuit boards and integrated circuits. The tools work together in
a design flow that chip designers use to design and analyze entire
semiconductor chips. The various software’s used are:
3.1 PROTEUS:-
Proteus is software in which we can design the circuit with using hard ware
component. In this software input and output relation is shows in this
software.
Fig. 13.Proteus window
Proteus is a high-performance simulator for MIMD multiprocessors. It is

fast, accurate, and flexible. It is one to two orders of magnitude faster than
comparable simulators, it can reproduce results from real multiprocessors,
and it is easily configured to simulate a wide range of architectures.
Proteus provides a modular structure that simplifies customization and
independent replacement of parts of architecture. Various type of circuit
Page 36
can be made in this circuit can be analogies or digital. Hear many testing
device are presented in this like ammeter, voltmeter, oscilloscope etc.
3.2KEIL:-
Keil software is used to convert c language program to hex file format
which can easily bun in micro controller.
Fig. 14.micro vision (keil)
Step to make a new program:-

1. Click on project on status bar and select new project.
2. Give a name to project.
3. Select new file in file on status bar.
4. Press control + s and give file name with extension name .c.
5. Press “option for target “look as magic stick present on target 1.
6. Write crystal frequency in MHz
7. Select output and click on create hex file.
The created hex file will found in installation drive of keil.
Page 37
Chapter4
Serial communication in 89s52
Page 38
Chapter4
Serial communication in 89s52
SERIAL COMMUNICATION-INTRODUCTION: Serial is a

device communication protocol that is standard on almost every PC. Do
not confuse it with universal serial bus (USB). Most computers include two
EIA-232 based serial ports. Serial is also a common communication
protocol for instrumentation in many devices, and numerous GPIB-
compatible devices come with an EIA-232 port. Furthermore, you can use
serial communication for data acquisition in conjunction with a remote
sampling device
4.1 Selection of baud rate:-
Figure 27: Selection of baud rate
4.2 SBUF register:-

SBUF is an 8-bit register used for serial communication.
Page 39
For a byte data to be transferred via the Txd line, it must be placed in the
SBUF register. The moment a byte is written into SBUF, it is framed with
the start and stop bits and transferred serially via the Txd line
SBUF holds the byte of data when it is received by 8051 RxD line .When
the bits are received serially via RxD, the 8051 de frames it by eliminating
the stop and start bits, making a byte out of the data received, and then
placing it in SBUF.
4.2.1 Configuration of SCON register: -SCON is an 8-bit register

used to program the start bit, stop bit, and data bits of data framing,
among other things
Fig. 28.SCON register
4.2.2 SM0, SM1

They determine the framing of data by specifying the number of bits per
character, and the start and stop bits.
Page 40
Figure 29: Serial mode selection
4.3 REN (receive enable):-

It is a bit-addressable register. When it is high, it allows 8051 to receive
data on RxD pin .If low, the receiver is disable.
4.4 TI (transmit interrupt) :- When 8051 finishes the transfer of 8-

bit character .It raises TI flag to indicate that it is ready to transfer another
byte .TI bit is raised at the beginning of the stop bit.
4.5 RI (receive interrupt) :-When 8051 receives data serially via

RxD, it gets rid of the start and stop bits and places the byte in SBUF
register .It raises the RI flag bit to indicate that a byte has been received
and should be picked up before it is lost .RI is raised halfway through the
stop bit.
4.6 Steps for transmitting and receiving of character
4.6.1 The steps that 8051 goes through in transmitting a

character via TxD
1. The byte character to be transmitted is written into the SBUF
register
Page 41
2. The start bit is transferred

3. The 8-bit character is transferred on bit at a time
4. The stop bit is transferred .It is during the transfer of the stop bit
that 8051 raises the TI flag, indicating that the last character was
transmitted
5. By monitoring the TI flag, we make sure that we are not overloading
the SBUF .If we write another byte into the SBUF before TI is raised;
the un-transmitted portion of the previous byte will be lost
6. After SBUF is loaded with a new byte, the TI flag bit must be forced
to 0 by CLR TI in order for this new byte to be transferred.
By checking the TI flag bit, we know whether or not the 8051 is ready to
transfer another byte .It must be noted that TI flag bit is raised by 8051
itself when it finishes data transfer ¾It must be cleared by the
programmer with instruction CLR TI ¾If we write a byte into SBUF before
the TI flag bit is raised, we risk the loss of a portion of the byte being
transferred .The TI bit can be checked by ¾The instruction JNB TI, xx
.Using an interrupt.
4.6.2. Programming the 8051 to transfer character bytes

serially
1. TMOD register is loaded with the value 20H, indicating the use of
timer 1 in mode 2 (8-bit auto-reload) to set baud rate
2. The TH1 is loaded with one of the values to set baud rate for serial
data transfer
3. The SCON register is loaded with the value 50H, indicating serial
mode 1, where an 8- bit data is framed with start and stop bits
4. TR1 is set to 1 to start timer 1
5. TI is cleared by CLR TI instruction
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6. The character byte to be transferred serially is written into SBUF

register
7. The TI flag bit is monitored with the use of instruction JNB TI, xx to
see if the character has been transferred completely
8. To transfer the next byte, go to step 5
9. The steps that 8051 goes through in transmitting a character via Txd
10. The byte character to be transmitted is written into the SBUF
register
11. The start bit is transferred
12. The 8-bit character is transferred on bit at a time
13. The stop bit is transferred .It is during the transfer of the stop
bit that 8051 raises the TI flag, indicating that the last character was
transmitted
14. By monitoring the TI flag, we make sure that we are not
overloading the SBUF .If we write another byte into the SBUF before
TI is raised, the transmitted portion of the previous byte will be lost
15. After SBUF is loaded with a new byte, the TI flag bit must be
forced to 0 by CLR TI in order for this new byte to be transferred
4.6.3 Importance of TI Flag

By checking the TI flag bit, we know whether or not the 8051 is ready to
transfer another byte It must be noted that TI flag bit is raised by 8051
itself when it finishes data transfer .It must be cleared by the programmer
with instruction CLR TI ¾If we write a byte into SBUF before the TI flag bit
is raised, we risk the loss of a portion of the byte being transferred .he TI
bit can be checked by The instruction JNB TI, xx .Using an interrupt
4.6.4 Programming the 8051 to receive character bytes

serially
1. TMOD register is loaded with the value 20H, indicating the use of
timer 1 in mode 2 (8-bit auto-reload) to set baud rate
2. TH1 is loaded to set baud rate
Page 43
3. The SCON register is loaded with the value 50H, indicating serial
mode 1, where an 8- bit data is framed with start and stop bits
4. TR1 is set to 1 to start timer 1
5. RI is cleared by CLR Reinstruction
6. The RI flag bit is monitored with the use of instruction JNB RI, xxto
see if an entire character has been received yet
7. When RI is raised, SBUF has the byte, its contents are moved into a
safe place
8. To receive the next character, go to step 5
Chapter 5
Program
Page 44
Chapter 5
Program
5.1 PROGRAM CODES:

#include <reg52.h>
#define OUT_PORT1 P2
#define HIGH 1
sbit IN = P2^0;
sbit IN2 = P2^1;
sbit CFL1 = OUT_PORT1^5;
Page 45
void com3();
void com2();
void com1();
void delay(const unsigned int ms);
unsigned char z;
unsigned char Mess1[]="SW OFF,";
unsigned char Mess2[]="SW ONN,";
unsigned char Mess3[]="Access Denied,";\
void main()
unsigned char mybyte;
unsigned char old;
unsigned char rx;
TMOD=0x20; //use Timer 1, mode 2
TH1=0xFD; //9600 baud rate
SCON=0x50;
TR1=1; //start timer
while (1) { //repeat forever
while (RI==0); //wait to receive; //save value
Page 46
old = SBUF;
RI=0;
delay(30);
rx = SBUF;
RI=0;
if (old = rx)
mybyte = old;
else
mybyte = rx;
if(mybyte==0x01)
CFL1=CFL1^HIGH;//toggle bit
mybyte=0xff;
old =0xff;
if(IN2==0)
{ //check switch on
com2(); //send status
Page 47
else
com1();
else if(mybyte==0x02)
CFL2=CFL2^HIGH;
mybyte=0xff;
if(IN==0) {
com2();
else
com1();
else if(mybyte==0x03)
Page 48
CFL3=CFL3^HIGH;
mybyte=0xff;
if(CFL3==0) {
com1();
else
com2();
else if(mybyte==0x04) // check port 1 value
SBUF=P2;
while(TI==0); //wait for transmit
TI=0;
else if(mybyte==0x05) // check port 1
value
Page 49
if(IN==0)
{ //check switch on
else
com1();
else if(mybyte==0x06) // check port
1 value
if(IN2==0)
{ //check switch on
else
Page 50
com1();
else
com3();
void com3()
for (z=0;z<15;z++) {
SBUF=Mess3[z]; //place value in buffer
TI=0;
void com2()
Page 51
for (z=0;z<8;z++) {
TI=0;
void com1()
for (z=0;z<8;z++) {
TI=0;
void delay(const unsigned int ms)
unsigned int x, y;
for(x = 0; x<=ms;x++)
Page 52
for(y=0;y<=1275;y++);
5.2 Program detail

1. #include <reg52.h>:-By using this we define the header file of micro
–controller 89s52.
2. #define OUT_PORT2 P1:-this line is used for defining a port with
output port.
3. SBUF is an 8-bit register used solely for serial communication ¾For
a byte data to be transferred via the Txd line, it must be placed in
the SBUF register .The moment a byte is written into SBUF, it is
framed with the start and stop bits and transferred serially via the
Txd line .SBUF holds the byte of data when it is received by 8051
RxD line .When the bits are received serially via RxD, the 8051
deframes it by eliminating the stop and start bits, making a byte out
of the data received, and then placing it in SBUF.
4. SCON is an 8-bit register used to program the start bit, stop bit, and
data bits of data framing, among other things.
5. TI (transmit interrupt) When 8051 finishes the transfer of 8-bit
character .It raises TI flag to indicate that it is ready to transfer
another byte TI bit is raised at the beginning of the stop bit.
6. RI (receive interrupt) When 8051 receives data serially via RxD, it
gets rid of the start and stop bits and places the byte in SBUF
register It raises the RI flag bit to indicate that a byte has been
received and should be picked up before it is lost .RI is raised
halfway through the stop bit.
Page 53
Chapter 6
Circuit diagram
&
Component List
Page 54
Chapter 6
Circuit diagram & Component List
6.1. Component list:-
S.No Component Name Nos. Required
1 HC-05 Bluetooth module 1
2 AT89S52 micro controller IC 1
3 ULN2003 IC 3
4 5V relay 2
5 Crystal 12MHz or 11.0592MHz 1
6 1K Resistor 1
7 22µf or 10µf electrolyte capacitor 2
8 30pf or 22pf ceramic capacitor 2
9 10k resistor network 3
10 7805 IC 2
11 9V battery 2
12 220v to 6v-0-6v step down transformer 1

Page 55
13 1N4007 diode 3
6.2. Circuit Diagram:
Page 56
Page 57
Chapter 7
Problem description
Page 58
Chapter 7
Problem description
The various problems & FAQ’s associated with the project are:
7.1. No manual control to switch on and off or in system
when failed:-
In that case we can use a two way switch so if automation system
fails than control given to manual. As the manual control provided
unskilled user can perform his routine control. As shown below.
In fig a two way connection with relay is shown. The control act as a
XOR operation mines that output is one when both input are same.
So output is available when positions of both switches are same.
Fig. 29.Wiring connection to switch
7.2. No confirmation of change of output:-
Page 59
To overcome this problem programming can be do so that

controller can compare its previous state. So if state of switch not
changes than controller send an error comes or no change.
7.3. No debugging option:-
This can be a very good feature of project i.e. you can check that
where problem comes at hardware or in software. So controller
gave all information about communication.
7.4. Complex user interface:-

User interface must be simple so no need to teach the other every
time. But in similar project interface is complex.
7.5. Different key to on and off:-

In survey it is seen that there are two different key to turn n and
off appliances. But if in programming toggle of bit is done then
more automation can be done in this project.
7.6. Restart power at every new pairing of device:-

In HV-05 Bluetooth module if a device is parried then this
configuration is save. So at every new device pairing needs restart
of circuit power. This problem can be removed if we use a feature
of HC-05 Bluetooth i.e. “key” this a pin in Bluetooth that can
remove all paired detail when this pin high pulses. So connection
of this pin with micro controller can rest the pairing.
7.7. Large change in house wiring:-

In similar project the automation done by mobile only so all
connection needs to change in wiring and removal of button
connection is needed .So to avoid this circuit is so design as sown
in problem 1 solution.
7.8. Security of hacking control:-
Page 60
The Bluetooth connection kept open so other con connect and take
control. so the master user must connect to Bluetooth and removal
of pair info must by master controller by software control.
Chapter 8
Advantages
&
Disadvantages
Page 61
Chapter 8
Advantages & Disadvantages
8.1 Advantages
1. Wireless control:-
By using this project wireless control can be within the hands of user.
2. Monitoring:-
This circuit allow monitoring of all appliance within range of
communication with Bluetooth.
3. Status checking :-
When user doesn’t know appliances is on off then user can only
check the status only.
4. Confirmation of changing switch state:-

When switch is press ten two status will be shown on mobile phone
i.e. old status and new status
5. Manual control:-
Manual control is given so an unskilled user can be change the
current status.
Page 62
8.2. Disadvantages:-
1. Bluetooth range:-
It is good to use Bluetooth for automation but automation is kept
within a range 0f 10-30 metres. So control can be achieved from
outside range.
2. Connection:-
Application must be connected after disconnection from Bluetooth.
3. configuration of application software:-

If new user want to connect then first download application software
and then code must be enter and more configuration must be done.
Page 63
Chapter 9
FUTURE SCOPE
Page 64
Chapter 9
FUTURE SCOPE
This project can be further developed by integrating it with the internet to
monitor your home while sitting in a remote area. By doing this, one can
keep an eye on his or her home through an internet connected to the
user’s mobile phone or PC or laptop. This will not only improve the security
of your home in this modern day world but will also assist in conservation
of energy like if you left any home appliance switched on by mistake, then
you can check the status of the appliance on the graphical interface made
on your mobile and can switch it off using the internet connectivity.
Page 65
CONCLUSION
&
REFERENCES
Page 66
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this low cost system is designed to improve the standard

living in home. The remote control function by smart phone provides help
and assistance especially to disabled and elderly. In order to provide safety
protection to the user, a low voltage activating switches is replaced
current electrical switches. Moreover, implementation of wireless
Bluetooth connection in control board allows the system install in more
simple way. The control board is directly installed beside the electrical
switches whereby the switching connection is controlled by relay.
Furthermore, flexible types of connections are designed as backup

connections to the system. The connected GUIs are synchronized to the
control board. They indicate the real-time switches status. The system is
designed in user-friendly interface. The easy to use interface on Window
and Android GUI provides simple control by the elderly and disabled
people.
For future work, the Window GUI will be implemented with speech
recognition voice control. The android GUI will be implemented as a
remote Bluetooth microphone to the Window GUI. All the voice signal
inputs to the smart phone will be transmitted to the Window GUI for signal
processing. Also, the push buttons implemented in low voltage activating
switches will be replaced by capacitive sensing switches. All the future
work is expected without spend extra cost, even one cent from the current
system.
Page 67
REFERENCES
1. Electronics for you magine June 2013
2. Keil µvision IDE, http://www.keil.com/uvision.
3. www.vp812.com
4. Serial Bluetooth Module, Tiny OS Electronics,

http://www.tinyosshop.com
5. AT89s52 8 bit Microcontroller, ATMEL Corporations,

http://www.atmel.com3.
6. The official Bluetooth website from Bluetooth SIG:

http://www.bluetooth.com
Page 68
7. The 8051 microcontroller and embedded systems by Muhammad Ali

Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi.
Page 69

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A

“ ROBOT CONTROL USING ANDROID PHONE OVER

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Department of Electronics’ & Communication Engineering

ROBOT CONTROL involves introducing a degree of computerized or automatic

This project demonstrates a simple ROBOT CONTROL system which contains a

Chapter 1. Overview of Project 1-3

Chapter 2. Hardware Description 4-22

2.2.5 Hc-05 Bluetooth module working

Chapter 3. Software 23-27

Chapter 4. Serial communication in 89s52 28-32

Programming the 8051 to transfer

Chapter 5. Program 33-43

Chapter 6. Circuit diagram & Component List 44

Chapter 7. Problem descriptions 45-46

Chapter 8. Advantages & Disadvantages 47-48

Chapter 9. Future scope 49

1 Block diagram of Bluetooth based home automation 3

SCADA: Supervisory control and data acquisition.

T-Off: Off timer.

MW: Memory words.

NO: Normally open.

NC: Normally closed.

DCS: Distributed Control System.

HMI: Human machine interference.

VFD: Variable Frequency Drive.

MD: Memory Double Word.

MB: Memory Byte

XIC: Examine If Closed

XIO: Examine If Open

Automation involves introducing a degree of computerized or automatic

This project demonstrates an automation system which contains a remote

The 89s52 can be programmed using the microcontroller’s high-level

Different home or office appliances are connected to the digital output

We send commands from an application which is developed in phone to

1.2. Block diagram:-

Figure 1: Block diagram of Bluetooth based home automation

In this block diagram communication is in both direction between android

Feedback is done by getting 220v.feedback circuitry is so deigned that

1.3. Project Modules :-

2.1 Microcontroller:-Micro controller is just like a small computer

2.1.1.89S52:- The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS

2.1.2. Block Diagram:-

Figure 2: Block diagram of 8051 micro controller

xii. Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode

2.1.4 Pin diagram:-

Fig. 3: Pin Diagram of 89S52

2.1.5. Pin description:-

XTAL1 and XTAL2:

the pins of P0 must be connected externally to 10k-ohm pull-up resistor.

Fig. 4.pull up resistor

Port 3 Alternate functions:

2.1.6. Special Function Registers:

The individual interrupt enable bits are in the IE register.

The Power Off Flag (POF) is located at bit 4 (PCON.4) in the

2.1.7. Memory Organization

2.1.7.1. Program Memory

2.1.7.2. Data Memory