Student’s Teacher: Al Kim P.

Paglinawan

DETAILED LESSON IN SCIENCE FOR GRADE 8

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the pupils will be able to:
A. identify the different parts of a digestive system;
B. value the importance of the digestive system;
C. draw the different parts of the digestive system.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic: The Digestive System
B. Reference: National Digestive Diseases Information
Clearinghouse/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases, The Digestive System and how it works.
Accessed 9/14/2018
C. Instructional Materials: Models, Illustrations, Projector, Laptop
D. Values Integration: appreciate the importance of our health
E. Strategies: Cooperative Learning

III. PROCEDURE

Teacher’s Activity Pupil’s Activity

A. Preparatory Activities

1. Prayer

2. Greetings

3. Checking of Attendance

4. Collecting of Assignment

5. Review of the Past Lesson

 What was our last topic, class?
It was all about the Respiratory
Very Good! System, Sir!
What are the parts of the
Respiratory System?
The parts of the Respiratory system
are nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx,
Trachea, Lungs, Bronchioles, Pleura,
Alveoli, Bronchi and Diaphragm.
Excellent!
What are the parts of the
Respiratory system?
It brings oxygen to our bodies and it
help us get rid of carbon dioxide.

B. Developmental Activities

1. Motivation

Video Presentation

2. Presentation

What does the video all

about, class?
The video is all about the digestive
system
What are the parts of the
digestive system shown in
the video? The parts of the digestive system
are mouth, esophagus, stomach,
liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small
intestine, large intestine, rectum and
anus.
 Excellent!

3. Discussion

Today we are going to

discuss more about the
parts of the digestive
system.
What organs make-up the
digestive system? Your
digestive system is
uniquely constructed to
perform its specialized
function of turning food
into the energy you need
to survive and packaging
the residue for waste
disposal. To help you
understand how the many
parts of the digestive
system work together,
here is an overview of the
structure and function of
the complex system.
Mouth
The mouth is the
beginning of the digestive
tract; and in fact, digestion
here when taking the first
bite of food chewing
breaks the food into pieces
that are more easily
digested while saliva
mixes with food to begin
the process of breaking it
down into a form your
body can absorb and use.
Esophagus
Located in your throat near
your trachea (windpipe),
the esophagus receives
food from your mouth
when you swallow. By
means of a series of
muscular contractions
called peristalsis, the
esophagus, delivers food
to your stomach.
Stomach
The stomach is a hollow
organ or “container” that
holds food while it is being
mixed with enzymes that
continue the process of
breaking down food into a
usable form. Cells in the
living of the stomach
secrete a strong acid and
powerful enzymes that are
responsible for the
breakdown process. When
the carbon of the stomach
are sufficiently processed,
they are released into the
small intestine.
Gallbladder
The gallbladder stores and
concentrates bile, and then
releases it into the
duodenum to help absorb
and digest fats.
Liver
The liver has multiple
functions, but its main
function within the
digestive system is to
process the nutrients from
the small intestine. Bile
from the liver secreted into
the small intestine also
plays an important role in
digesting fat. In addition,
the liver is the bodies’
chemical “factory”. It takes
the raw materials
absorbed by the intestine
and makes all the various
chemicals the body needs
to function. The liver also
detoxifies potentially
harmful chemicals. It takes
break down and secretes
many drugs.
Pancreas
The pancreas secretes
digestive enzymes into the
duodenum, the first
segment of the small
intestine. These enzymes
break down protein, fats
and carbohydrates. The
pancreas also makes
insulin, secreting it directly
into the bloodstream.
Insulin is the chief
hormone for mobilizing
sugar.
Small intestine
Made up for three
segments-the duodenum,
jejunum and ileum, the
small intestine is a 22-foot
long muscular tube that
breaks down food using
enzymes released by the
pancreas and bile from the
liver. Peristalsis also is at
work in this organ, moving
food through and mixing it
with digestive secretion
from the pancreas and
liver. The duodenum is
largely responsible for the
continues breaking down
process, with the jejunum
and ileum mainly
responsible for the
absorption of nutrients into
the bloodstream. Contents
of the small intestine start
out semi-solid, and end in
a liquid from after passing
through the organ. Water,
bile, enzymes and mucous
contribute to the change in
consistency. Once the
nutrients have been
absorbed and the leftover
food residue liquid has
passed through the small
intestine, it then moves on
to the large intestine, it
then moves on to the
large.
Large intestine (Colon)
The colon is a 6-foot long
muscular tube that
connects the small
intestine is made up of the
cecum, the ascending
(right) colon, the
transverse (across) colon,
the descending (left) colon,
and sigmoid colon, which
connects to the rectum.
The appendix is a small
tube attached to the
cecum. The large intestine
is a highly specialized
organ that is responsible
for processing waste so
that emptying the bowels
is easy and convenient.
Stool, or waste left over
from the digestive process,
is passed through the
colon by means of
peristalsis, first in a liquid
state and ultimately in a
solid form, as stool passes
through the colon, water is
removed. Stool is stored in
the sigmoid (s-shaped)
colon until a “mass
movement” empties it into
the rectum once or twice a
day. It normally takes
about 36 hours for stool to
get through the colon. The
stool itself is mostly food
debris and bacteria. These
bacteria perform several
useful functions, such a
synthesizing various
vitamins, processing waste
products and food
particles, and protecting
against harmful bacteria.
When the descending
colon becomes full of
stool, or fetes, it empties
its contents into the rectum
to begin the process of
elimination.
Rectum
The rectum is an 8-inch
chamber connects the
colon to the anus. It is the
rectum’s job to receive
stool from the colon, to let
the person know that there
is to be evacuated, and to
hold the stool until
evacuation happens.
When anything (gas or
stool) comes into the
rectum, sensors send a
message to the brain. The
brain then decides if the
rectal contents can be
released or not. If they
can, the sphincter relax
and the rectum contracts,
disposing its contents. If
the contents cannot be
disposed, the sphincter
contracts and the rectum
accommodates so that the
sensation temporarily goes
away.
Anus
The anus is the last part of
the digestive tract. It is a 2-
inch long canal consisting
of the pelvic floor muscles
and the two anal sphincter
(internal and external). The
lining of the upper anus is
specialized to detect rectal
contents if it lets you know
whether the contents are
liquid, gas or solid. The
anus is surrounded by
sphincter muscles that are
important in allowing
control of stool. The pelvic
floor muscle creates an
 angle between the rectum
and the anus that stops
stool from coming out
when it is not supposed to.
The internal sphincter is
always tight, except when
stool enters the rectum. It
keeps us continent when
we are asleep or otherwise
unaware of the presence
of stool. When we act an
urge to go to the
bathroom, we rely on our
external sphincter to hold
the stool until reaching a
toilet, where it then to
release the contents.

Let the students complete the

diagram of the digestive by
writing the name of each parts of
the digestive system.

4. Application

Let the students draw the

diagram of the digestive
system and let them explain
how the process of the
digestive system works.

5. Generalization

 What do you call the

system that perform
its specialized
 function of turning
food into energy?
The digestive system
 What are the parts of
the digestive
system?
The parts of the digestive system are
mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver,
gallbladder, pancreas, small
intestine, large intestine, rectum and
anus

6. Evaluation

Direction:
Choose the best answer and
write the letter on the space
provided.

1. Digestion is____________.

a. The breakdown of
food into smaller Answer: a
substance that can
be absorbed by the
body.
b. The breakdown of
food in the mouth
which contains
salivary amylase.
c. The breakdown of
starches into simple
sugars to be easily
swallowed in the
esophagus
d. The breakdown of
protein into smaller
peptides.
2. It is where the process of
digestion begins. Answer: c
a. Tongue
b. Teeth
c. Mouth
d. Esophagus

3. The enzyme which is

responsible for protein in
digestion.
a. Chyme
b. Salivary amylase Answer: c
c. Pepsin
d. Hydrochloric acid

4. A ring-shaped muscle where

food enters from esophagus to
stomach.
a. Pyloaic Sphincter
b. Cardiac Sphincter Answer: b
c. Epiglottis
d. Pyloric valve

5, Where does absorption of

water occur?
a. Stomach
b. Liver Answer : d
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
IV. ASSIGNMENT

List down three digestive system

disorders. Write down the
causes and the ways on how to
treat them.