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German Highway Capacity Manual (HBS2015)

Presentation · December 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.11938.68802

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2015 German Highway Capacity
Manual (HBS2015)
Ning Wu

Institute for Traffic Engineering

Ruhr - University Bochum Germany
2015 German Highway Capacity Manual

 The first draft (1994)

 First official version (2001)
 Working edition (2011/201x/2014)
 New Final edition (2015)

Ruhr University Bochum (RUB)

German Road and Transportation Research Association (FGSV)
German Federal Department of Transportation (GDOT)
 HBS 2015 ‐ Content Pages
Part 0 General 13

2015 O.1 Introduction

O.2 Concepts und Definitions
O.3 Possibilities of Applications
German Part A Freeways
A.1 Scope Application 2

Highway A.2 Traffic Demand

A.3 Segments
25
37
A.4 Junctions 37
Capacity A.5 Network Sections
Part L Rural Highways
10

Manual L.1 Scope Application

L.2 Traffic Demand
2
26
L.3 Segments 39
L.4 Intersections with Traffic Signals 22
L.5 Intersections without Traffic Signals 66
L.6 Ramps and Weaving Areas 23
L.7 Network Sections 13
Part S Urban Streets
S.1 Scope Application 3
S.2 Traffic Demand 20
S.3 Segments 20
S.4 Intersections with Traffic Signals 63
S.5 Intersections without Traffic Signals 115
S.6 Network Sections 14
S.7 Road Public Transport 23
S.8 Bicycles 16
S.9 Pedestrians 24
S.10 Parking 20
Total 633
2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
 Introduction (Chapter 1, A/L/S)
 Traffic Demand and Capacity (Chapter 2, A/L/S), revised
 Basic Sections (Chapter 3, A/L/S), revised significantly
 Entrances, exits (on- and off- ramps) and weaving areas
(Chapter A4, L6), new concept
 Signalized intersections (Chapter L4, S4), new concept
 Unsignalized intersections (Chapter L5, S5), revised
 Net Sections (Chapter A3, L7, S6), new
 Public Transit (Chapter S7), revised
 Bicycles (Chapter S8), new
 Pedestrians (Chapter S9), new
 Parking Facilities (Chapter S10), new
A: Motorway, L: Rural Highway, S: Urban Road
2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
Basic Freeway Sections (Chapter A3)
• No general speed limit on motorways or freeways
• Passing on the right lane not allowed
• Speed limit for trucks only 80 km/h
• Degree of Saturation (v/c-ratio) as Measure of Effectiveness

LOS Degree of Saturation at LOS (xLOS)

A ≤ 0.30
B ≤ 0.55
C ≤ 0.75
D ≤ 0,901)
E ≤ 1.00
F •–
1) 0.92 for sections with Variable Speed Limit
2015 German Highway
Capacity Manual
Basic Freeway Sections (Chapter A3),
Basic Capacities Capacity C [veh/h]
No. of lanes Metropolitan traffic
Long distance freeways
each Speed Limit freeways
direction Percent of trucks bSV Percent of trucks bSV
≤ 5 % 10 % 20 % 30 % ≤ 5 % 10 % 20 % 30 %
non 3700 3600 3400 3200 3900 3800 3600 3400
T120 3800 3700 3500 3300 3900 3800 3600 3400
2
T100/T80/VSL 3800 3700 3500 3300 4000 3900 3700 3500
Tunnel 3700 3600 3400 3200 3900 3800 3600 3400
Non 5300 5200 4900 4600 5700 5500 5200 4900
T120 5400 5300 5000 4700 5700 5500 5200 4900
3
T100/T80/VSL 5400 5300 5000 4700 5800 5600 5300 5000
Tunnel 5300 5200 4900 4600 5700 5500 5200 4900
Non 7300 7100 6700 6300 7800 7600 7100 6600
4 T120 7400 7200 6800 6400 7800 7600 7100 6600
T100/T80/VSL 7400 7200 6800 6400 8000 7800 7300 6700
2+ hard
T100/VSL 4700 4600 4400 4200 5200 5000 4700 4400
shoulder
3+ hard
T100/VSL 6300 6200 5900 5600 7000 6800 6400 6000
shoulder
* Tnnn=speed limit for nnn km/h, VSL=Variable Speed Limit
2015 German Highway
Capacity Manual
Basic Freeway Sections (Chapter A3),
Basic Capacities
Capacity C [veh/h]
No. of lanes Metropolitan traffic
Long distance freeways
each Grade s freeways
direction Percent of trucks bSV Percent of trucks bSV
≤ 5 % 10 % 20 % 30 % ≤ 5 % 10 % 20 % 30 %
3% 3600 3500 3300 3100 3800 3700 3500 3300
2 4% 3400 3300 3100 2900 3600 3500 3300 3100
5% 3100 3000 2800 2600 3300 3200 3000 2800
3% 5200 5100 4800 4500 5600 5400 5100 4800
3 4% 4900 4800 4500 4200 5300 5100 4800 4500
5% 4500 4400 4100 3800 4900 4700 4400 4100
3% 7100 6900 6500 6100 7600 7400 6900 6400
4 4% 6800 6600 6200 5800 7300 7100 6600 6100
5% 6200 6000 5600 5200 6700 6500 6000 5500
3% 4600 4500 4300 4100 5100 4900 4600 4300
2+ hard
4% 4400 4300 4100 3900 4900 4700 4400 4100
should
5% 4100 4000 3800 3600 4600 4400 4100 3800
3% 6200 6100 5800 5500 6900 6700 6300 5900
3+ hard
4% 5900 5800 5500 5200 6600 6400 6000 5600
shoulder
5% 5500 5400 5100 4800 6200 6000 5600 5200
2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
Entrances and exits (on- and off- ramps) at freeways (Chapter A4 )
 2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
Entrances and exits (on- and off- ramps) and small weaving
sections at freeways (Chapter A4), new concept (Wu, 2008)

a qH q H2
 qh  q H1 qM
q HU
qc , LOS  Ce , LOS  a 1   
C
 h , LOS  qE

2500
qc,LOS = Combined service flow
of the entrance, exit, or

Flow rate in the entrance

weaving area 2000 CE
Ch,LOS = Service of the major

qE [pcu/h]
freeway section 1500
F
Ca,LOS = Service of the road E
section at the entrance, 1000 D
exit, or weaving area C
a = model parameter 500 B
A CH
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000

xcombined  a xe a  xh a Flow rate on the upstream major street

qH [pcu/h]
 2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
Parameters for
selected entrances
and small
weaving areas
a
 q 
qe, LOS  Ce, LOS  a 1   h 
C
 h , LOS 

Additional check:
capacity of
downstream major
road
 2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
Parameters for
selected exits
a
 qh 
qa ,LOS  Ca ,LOS  1  
a 

 Ch ,LOS 

Additional check:
capacity of
upstream major
road
2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
Signalized Intersections (Chapter S4, L4)

LOS Criteria for signalized intersections in HBS 2015

LOS Automobile Public transport on Pedestrian and cyclist
public transport only lane
Average delay d [s] Maximum delay dmax [s]
A  20 5  30
B  35  15  40
C  50  25  55
D  70  40  70
E > 70  60  85
1)
F --- > 60 > 85 2)
1)
The LOS F is always decisive for q > c.
2)
Maximum cycle time (90 s) minus 5 s.
2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
Signalized Intersections (Chapter S4, L4)
2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
Signalized Intersections
(Chapter S4, L4)

- Shared short-lanes
2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
Signalized Intersections (Chapter S4, L4)
2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
Signalized Intersections (Chapter S4, L4)
2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
Unsignalized intersections (Chapter L5, S5)
LOS Criteria for Unsignalized signalized intersections in HBS 2015

average delay d [s]

TWSC “Right-side-priority“
LOS
Pedestrian and cy- Autobobile
Automobile clist on bike-lanes
Crossroad T-junction
A  10 5
 10  10
B  20  10
C  30  15  15
 15
D  45  25  20
E > 45  35  25  20
F --- 1) > 35 > 25 2) > 20 2)
1)
F for qi > Ci.

2) Outside of operation area

 2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
Unsignalized intersections (Chapter L5, S5)

Possible types of unsignalized intersections

 2015 German Highway Capacity Manual
Summaries

• There is a 2015 edition of German Highway Capacity Manual

(HBS2015)
• The content and major changes of the 2015 German Highway
Capacity Manual are presented
• The 2015 German Highway Capacity Manual is comparable
with the 2016 US Highway Capacity Manual in many aspects
but has some different concepts
• There is no Chapter for “Major Weaving Sections” in the 2015
German Highway Capacity Manual (research project
underway)
Wu, N. New Features in the 2015 German Highway Capacity Manual (HBS2015).Proceedings of
the 14th World Conference on Transport Research, 10-15 July 2016, Shanghai
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