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IS 5717 (2003): Laboratory Glassware - Pyknometers [CHD 10:

Glassware]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS 5717:2003
1s0 3507:1999

Indian Standard
LABORATORY GLASSWARE — PYKNOMETERS
( Second Revision)

ICS 17.060

0 BIS 2003

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

March 2003 Price Group 7

Glass, Glassware and Laboratoryware Sectional Committee, CHD 10

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) which is identical with ISO 3507 : 1999 ‘Laboratory
glassware — Pyknometers’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) was
adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendations of Glass, Glassware and Laboratoryware
Sectional Committee and approval of the Chemical Division Council.

The text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as Indian Standard
without deviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards.
Attention is particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they, should be
read as ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma ( , ) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice
is to use a point ( . ) as the decimal marker.

CROSS REFERENCES

In this adopted standard reference appears to certain International Standards for some of which Indian
Standards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their places,
are listed below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated:

International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of Equivalence

ISO 383 : 1976 Laboratory IS 5165 : 1969 Interchangeable Equivalent

glassware — Interchangeable conical conical ground-glass joints
ground glass joints

ISO 384 : 1978 Laboratory IS 8279:1976 Hectographic carbon do

glassware — Principles of design paper
and construction of volumetric
glassware

ISO 386 : 1977 Liquid-in glass IS 8787:1977 Principles of design, Not equivalent
laboratory thermometers — construction and use of liquid-in-
Principles of design, construction glass thermometers
and use

ISO 719:1985 Glass — Hydrolytic IS 2303 ( Part l/See 1 ) : 1994 Equivalent

resistance of glass grains at 98°C — Grading glass alkalinity : Part 1
Method of test and classification Hydrolytic resistance, Section 1
Hydrolytic resistance of glass grains
at 98°C — Method of test and
classification

ISO 3585 : 1991 Borosilicate No IS exists —

glass 3.3 — Properties

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final
value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )’. The number of
significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in
this standard.
 Is 5717:2003
1s0 3507:1999

Indian Standard
LABORATORY GLASSWARE — PYKNOMETERS
( Second Revision)

1 Scope

This International Standard specifies requirements for a series of pyknometers for general laboratory use for the
determination of the densities of liquids.

Specialized pyknometers for use with particular products, or otherwise not in common use, are excluded. Sufficient
details to define such pyknometers should be included in International Standards which specify or describe their
use.

A device suitable for adjustment of the liquid level in the neck of the Reischauer pyknometer is shown in annex A.

2 Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.

ISO 383, Laboratory glassware — /interchangeable conical ground joints.

ISO 384:1978, Laboratory g/assware — Principles of design and construction of volumetric glassware.

ISO 386, Liquid-in-glass Iaboratoty thermometers — Principles of design, construction and use.

ISO719, Glass — Hydrolytic resistance of glass grains at 98 “C — Method of test and classification.

ISO 3585, Borosilicate glass 3.3 — Properties.

3 Basis of adjustment

3.1 Unit of volume

The unit of volume shall be the millilitre (ml), which is equivalent to the cubic centimetre (cmS).

NOTE The term millilitre (ml) is commonly used as a special name for the cubic centimetre (cmS), in accordance with a
decision of the Twelfth Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures. The term millilitre is acceptable, in general, for references
in International Standards to capacities of volumetric glassware and it is used in this International Standard.
IS 5717:2003
1s0 3507: 1999

3.2 Reference temperature

If the actual capacity is marked on a pyknometer, the verification temperature at which this actual capacity is
determined shall also be marked. Under normal circumstances the standard reference temperature shall be 20 “C.

When it is necessary in tropical countries to work at an ambient temperature considerably above 20 “C, and these
countries do not wish to use the standard reference temperature of 20 ‘C, a temperature of 27 ‘C is recommended.

4 Types and series of sizes

Two types of pyknometer tube and four types of pyknometer flask are specified, as listed in Table 1 and illustrated
in Figures 1 to 6. Types 1 and 2, of tubular form, are for suspension; types 3, 4, 5 and 6, of flask form, are free-
standing on flat bases.

Types 1, 3 and 4, and type 2 if provided with caps, shall be used for volatile liquids. Type 5 shall be used for very
viscous materials.

The series of sizes for each type of pyknometer shall be as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 — Types and sizes of pyknometers

Type Designation Nominal capacities

ml

1 Lipkin 12510

2 Sprengel 5 10 25

3 Gay-Lussac 125102550100

4 Reischauer 10 25 50 100

5 Hubbard 25 50

6 Ground-in thermometer 10 25 50 100

5 Capacities of pyknometers

5.1 Actual capacity

The actual capacity is the volume, in millilitres, of water at the reference temperature contained by the pyknometer,
which is also at that temperature. The volume, according to type, is defined as follows.

— Type 1: Between zero lines of the two scales;

— Type 2: From tip of jet to graduation line;

— Type 3 and 5: To top of bore of stoppeu

— Type 4: To zero line of scale;

— Type 6: To top of capillary side tube.

The recommended reference temperature is 20 “C but other appropriate temperatures may be selected in
accordance with 3.2.

2
 IS 5717:2003
1s0 3507:1999

5.2 Nominal capacity

The nominal capacity is the actual capacity rounded to the nearest appropriate value given in Table 1.

6 Difference between actual capacity, nominal capacity and accuracy

The difference between the actual capacity and the nominal capacity of a pyknometer shall not exceed the
appropriate maximum value shown in Table 2, 3 or 4.

The actual capacity of a pyknometer shall be determined at the 95 ?4. confidence level (k = 2) with an uncertainty of
measurement which does not exceed the following values:

Type 1 Lipkin

Type 2 Sprengel

Type 3 Gay-Lussac

Type 4 Reischauer

Type 5 Hubbard

Type 6 Ground-in thermometer

7 Construction

7.1 Material

Pyknometers shall be made from glass of hydrolytic class not lower than HGB3 according to ISO 719, with a
coefficient of thermal expansion not exceeding 3,3 x 10+ ‘C-l.

NOTE This includes borosilicate glass 3.3 according to ISO 3585.

Pyknometers shall be as free as possible from visible defects and reasonably free from internal strain. Stoppers or
taps shall be made from glass having similar thermal properties to that used for the pyknometers to which they are
fitted.

7.2 Mass

The mass of a pyknometer shall not exceed the appropriate maximum value shown in Tables 2,3 and 4.

7.3 Dimensions

Pyknometers shall comply with the appropriate toieranced dimensional requirements shown in Tables 2, 3 and 4.
The additional dimensions which are specified by nominal values without tolerances are for the guidance of
manufacturers.

7.4 Shape

7.4.1 The shapes of the six types of pyknometer shall be generally as shown in Figures 1 to 6 and shall comply
with the detailed requirements given in 7.4.2 to 7.4.8.

All tapered portions of pyknometers shall be smoothly formed so as to avoid sharp shoulders which could entrap air
bubbles.
IS 5717:2003
1s0 3507:1999

7.4.2 Pyknometers of type 1 shall have an oval bulb, as illustrated in Figure 1, which merges gradually into the
tubes at each end.

The left arm of the pyknometer shall be bent as shown in Figure 1, the distance from the end to the outside of the
bend being (20 +2) mm and the included angle being 50° to 55°.

The two ends of the pyknometer shall be finished square with the axis of the tubes and smoothly fire-polished
without constriction.

7.4.3 Pyknometers of type 2 shall have a cylindrical bulb with tapered ends which merge gradually into the
adjoining tubes.

The two arms shall be bent at an angle of approximately 75° to the vertical and shall lie in the same plane as the
U-portion of the pyknometer. One arm shall be drawn down to a smooth tapered jet, the end of which shall have a
bore of approximately 0,5 mm and shall be ground smooth at right angles to the axis of the tube and slightly
bevelled on the outside.

The end of the other arm of the pyknometer shall be finished square with the axis of the tube and smoothly
firepolished without constriction.

7.4.4 Pyknometers of type 2 that are fitted with ground-on caps at the ends of the side arms shall comply with the
following additional requirements.

a) The ground zones of the joints shall be such that the two caps are interchangeable, and the joints comply with
the requirements for size 5/9 of ISO 383.

b) The cones of the joints shall be formed with a minimum distortion of the bore of the tube, and such distortion
shall be smoothly tapered. The tip of the jet shall project beyond the small end of the ground zone and

c) The caps shall be smoothly ground to a good fit on the cones and shall be of sufficient size to clear the tip of
the jet.

7.4.5 Pyknometers of types 3, 4, 5 and 6 shall stand vertically without rocking or spinning when placed on a level
surface. They shall not topple when placed empty, with the stopper inseded, on a surface inclined at an angle of 15°
to the horizontal.

7.4.6 Pyknometers of types 3, 4 and 6 shall have a body shape similar to that shown in Figures 3, 4 and 6, in
which the plane of maximum diameter is at approximately one-third of the distance from the base to the bottom of
the neck.

7.4.7 Pyknometers of type 5 shall have a body shape as shown in Figure 5, in which the upper end of the conical
portion merges smoothly with the neck without a sharp shoulder. The radius of curvature between the lower end of
the conical portion and the base shall not be less than 5 mm.

7.4.8 Pyknometers of type 6 shall have a capillary side tube smoothly fitted to the body at an angle of
approximately 90°. The upper part of the capillary side tube shall be positioned parallel to the vertical axis of the
pyknometer body. The outer diameter of the capillary side tube shall be approximately 6 mm and the upper end
shall be ground to a flat surface of approximately 6 mm.

7.5 Necks

7.5.1 For types 3 and 5, the top of the neck of the flask shall be reconstructed so that there is no channel in which
liquid can lodge between the stopper and the neck of the bottle. The outer edge of the top of the neck shall be
slightly bevelled.

The ground zone of the neck shall extend below the bottom of the stopper when the latter is in position and there
shall be no ridge at the lower end of the grinding.

NOTE This can be a manufactured tool processor a grinding process,

4
 IS 5717:2003
1s0 3507:1999

7.5.2 For type 4, the portion of the neck bearing the graduated scale shall be cylindrical and the internal diameter
shall be uniform over the entire scale length. The internal diameter of the neck above this portion shall not be
constricted. The upper end of the neck shall be ground either as a socket with a strengthening bead above as
shown in Figure 4, or as a cone. In either case the grinding shall comply with the requirements of ISO 383, for the
joint sizes listed in Table 3.

7.5.3 For type 6, the neck intended to take up the thermometer shall be ground to a socket complying with
ISO 383, size 10/19. There shall be no channel between the ground socket and the fitted thermometer in which
liquid can lodge.

The upper end of the capillary side tube shall be ground as a cone complying to ISO 383, size 7/16, enabling a
capping of the side tube.

7.6 Stoppers and thermometer

7.6.1 Stoppers for pyknometer flasks shall be fine ground to fit the necks of the flasks liquid-tight and shall comply
with the requirements given in 7.6.2 to 7.6.6.

7.6.2 For type 3, the ground zone of the stopper shall extend above the neck of the flasks when the stopper is in
position in the flask and this portion shall also be finely ground.

The top of the stopper shall be ground at right angles to the axis and polished, and shall have a slightly bevelled
edge.

The bottom of the stopper shall be fine ground at right angles to the axis and shall have a slightly bevelled edge.

The edge where the hole through the stopper intersects the top and bottom of the stopper shall be regular in outline
and not chipped or countersunk.

The upper portion of the stopper shall have two inclined polished faces on opposite sides. These inclined faces shall
not encroach on the ground zone of the stopper.

7.6.3 For type 4, the stopper or cap shall be smoothly ground to a good fit in or on the neck of the ffssk, in
accordance with interchangeable requirements, as indicated in 7.5.2.

7.6.4 For type 5, the stopper shall comply with the requirements of the first, third and fourth paragraphs of 7.6.2.
The underside of the stopper shall be smoothly ground to a concave shape forming part of a sphere, the resulting
edges being cleanly formed without chipping.

7.6.5 For type 6 and, if applicable, for type 2, the cap for the side tube shall be provided with a ground socket
complying with ISO 383, joint size 7/16.

7.6.6 Pyknometers of type 6 shall be supplied with enclosed-scale thermometers complying with the requirements
of ISO 386 and with a ground cone complying with size 10/19 of ISO 383. The temperature measuring range shall
be 10 ‘C to 35 “C, with a scale division of 0,2 “C and a maximum permitted error not exceeding 0,2 “C. The
thermometric liquid shall be mercury. The thermometer length is specified in Table 4.

Where the use of mercury thermometers is not permitted, alternative thermometers of at least the same Precision
shall be used.

8 Graduation lines

8.1 General

8.1.1 Graduation lines shall be clean, permanent, uniform lines of thickness not exceeding 0,3 mm.

8.1.2 All graduation lines shall lie in planes at right angles to the axis of the tube on which they are situated.

8.1.3 Adjustment and reading of the meniscus of liquids shall be performed according to clause 5 in ISO 3841978.

5
IS 5717:2003
1s0 3507:1999

8.2 Typel

8.2.1 Positionof scale

Each vertical arm of the pyknometer shall have a graduated scale of length 8 cm, divided into millimetres. The two
scales shall be on the same level when the pyknometer is in a vertical position. Dimensions limiting the position of
the scale are given in Table 2.

8.2.2 Length of graduation lines

8.2.2.1 The long lines representing each centimetre shall either extend completely round the circumference of the
tube or leave a gap not exceeding 10 Y. of the circumference.

8.2.2.2 The length of the medium lines midway between the long lines shall be at least one-quarter of the
circumference of the tube.

8.2.2.3 There shall be four short lines between consecutive long and medium lines, each of length at least one-
eighth of the circumference of the tube.

8.2.2.4 The short and medium lines shall appear centrally down the front of the two tubes when the pyknometer is
viewed in a vertical position with the bent arm to the left.

8.2.3 Figuring of graduation lines

The two scales shall be numbered with figures representing centimetres from O at the lowest long line to 8 at the
top.

The figures shall be placed immediately above the long lines to which they refer, and slightly to the side of the
shorter lines, as indicated in Figure 1.

8.3 Type 2

The pyknometer shall have a single graduation line completely encircling the arm which is not provided with a jet.
This line shall be placed not less than 5 mm from the point where the tube begins to bend and not less than 20 mm
from the open end of the tube.

8.4 Type 4

8.4.1 The neck of the pyknometer shall have a ring mark of thickness not exceeding 0,3 mm. The neck of the
pyknometer should have, in addition, a graduated scale of length 2 cm divided into millimetres. There shall be at
least 5 mm of the tube of uniform bore above and below the ring mark or the graduated scale before the tube starts
to expand.

8.4.2 The length and sequence of graduation lines shall comply with the requirements of 8.2.2.1 to 8.2.2.3. The
placing of the lines shall be as indicated in Figure 4.

8.4.3 The long lines of the scale shall be numbered with figures representing millimetres, with Oat the bottom:l O
in the centre and 20 at the top.

9 Marking
The following shall be permanently marked on all pyknometers.

NOTE The permanence of marldng can be assessed by the test methods specified in ISO 4797.1 J

1) ISO 4794, Laboratory g/assware — Methods for assessing the chemical resistance of enamels used for colour coding and
colour marking.

6
 IS 5717:2003
1s0 3507:1999

a) The symbol “=” to indicate that the capacity is approximate and not accurately adjusted, followed by a number
to indicate the nominal capacity.

b) The symbol “ml” or the symbol “ems” to indicate the unit of volume.

c) As an alternative to inscriptions a) and b), or in addition to them, a figure showing determined capacity to the
nearest 0,001 ml together with the temperature at which this determined capacity applies.

EXAMPLE: 49,813 ml at 20 “C (see 3.2).

d) The abbreviation “In” and “20 “C” to indicate that the pyknometer is intended to contain its nominal capacity
at 20 “C.

e) The maker’s or vendor’s name or mark.

f) For types 3, 5 and 6, an identification number, which shall be repeated on the stopper or the thermometer
Identification numbers may also be marked on other types of pyknometer and their caps or stoppers.

9) For types 3, 5 and 6, the neck and the stopper or the thermometer shall be marked with a shoft vertical line or
mark to enable a unique positioning of the stopper or thermometer in the neck.

10 Visibility of graduation lines, figures and markings

10.1 All figures and inscriptions shall be of such size and form as to be clearly legible under normal conditions of
use.

10.2 All graduation lines, figures and inscriptions shall be clearly visible and permanent under normal conditions of
. . ..
use. Any filling which is used to improve vlslblhty shall be sufficiently durable to prevent any significant loss in mass
during use.

Table 2 — Dimensional requirements for pyknometer tubes types 1 and 2 (see 7.3)

Characteristic I Type 1 (Lipkin) I Type2(Sprengel)

(see Figure 1) (see Figure2)

Nominalcapacity, ml 1 2 5 10 5 10 25

Differencebetween actual caDacitvand nominalcaDacitv.max.. ml & 0,2 * 0.3 * 0.5 *1 * 0.5 *1 *2

Maximummass (includingcap for type 2, if fitted), g I 30 I 25 30 40

Overall height, A, mm 175*5 90 105 120

Heightabove scale, B, min., mm 40 . — —

Heightfrom bulbto scale, C, min., mm 5 — — —

Distancebetween centresof verticallimbs, D, mm 28*2 10 13 16

Lengthof side arms, E, mm — 40 45 50

Externaldiameter of tubing,F, mm 6 6

Internaldiameter of tubing, G, mm 1 *0,1 1,5

Lengthfrom bottomof bulbto zero graduationline, H, mm 40 — I — I —
I Lengthof bulb, H, mm 1- 160 175 190
Externaldiameter of bulb, J, mm 11 14 20 25 I 12 I 17 22
IS 5717:2003
1s0 3507:1999

Table 3 — Dimensional requirements for pyknometer flasks types 4 and 5 (see 7.3)

Charactarlatlc Typa 4 Typa 5

(Raiachauar) (Hubbard)
(see Figure4) (see Figure5)

Nominal capacity, ml 10 25 50 100 25 50

Difference between actual capacityand nominalcapacity,max., ml *1 *2 *3 *3 *2 *3

Maximum mass including stopper, g 20 25 30 50 40 60

Height to top of neck, Ad, mm= 110 120 135 150 45 63

D!ameter of body, B@, mm= 33 40 50 60 40 45

Diameter of base, C@, mm= 23 27 35 40 28 29

Height of stopper, E a), mm = — 26

External diameter of neck, F, mm= 8 — —

Bore of stopper, G, mm= — 2

Internal diameter of neck, G, mm 2,2 to 3,1 — —

I
Depth of concavity in stopper, K, mm= — 2,3

Neck socket grindingb) 7111 or 7116 24/1 O or 24112

@ These dimensions are appropriate to the preferred shapes of pyknometers illustrated in Figures 3 to 5 but will vary if other
suitable patterns are used.
b) in a~ordance with Iso 383.
 IS 5717:2003
1s0 3507:1999

Table 4 — Dimensional requirements for pyknometer flasks types 3 and 6 (see 7.3)

Charactariatic Type 3 Type 6

(Gay-Luaaac) (Ground-in thermometer)
(see Figure3) (see Figure6)
,
Nominal capacity, ml 1 2 5 10 25 50 100 10 25 50 100

DMerence between actual capacity and nominal *0,1 * 0,3 * 0,5 23 *3 *1 *2 *3 *3

*1 *2
capacity, max., ml

Maximum mass including stopper, g 10 15 20 25 30 35 55 25 30 45 60

Height to top of neck, Ad, mm= 30 35 45 50 60 75 90 52 60 72 90

Diameter of body, B a), mm= 15 18 22 27 37 47 57 27 37 47 57

Diameter of base, Cd, mm= 15 16 18 22 30 36 42 22 30 36 42

Height of stopper, E a), mm = I I 6

External diameter of neck, F@, mm= I 45 1-

Bore of stopper, G, mm I 1 * 0,3 I–

Internal diameter of neck (side tube), G a), mm I 1,7

Top end diameter of neck grindhg, mm 7,5 * 1 10*1 —

Minimum length of engagement of stopper in

11 13 7116
neck b), mm =

Neck socket grinding d (for thermometer) — 1W19

Neck cone grinding @ (side tube)

I — I 7116

Total length of thermometer, mm = I — I 135 I 145 I 155 I 170

@ These dimensions are appropriate to the preferred shapes of pyknometers illustrated in Figures 3 to 5 but will vary if other suitable pEdtWTM

are used.

b) Interchangeable grinding is not suitable for the neck and stopper of type 3.
d In accordancewith I so 383.
 2003
:1999

in millimetres

NOTE See Table 2 for definitions of symbols,

Figure 1 — Type tube

10
 IS 5717:2003
1s0 3507:1999

-n

In
‘= 10 ml

NOTE See Table 2 for definitions of symbols.

Figure 2 — Type 2 (Sprengel) pyknometer tube

11
IS 5717:2003
1s0 3507:1999

---t&- I I I [

II

IIll
II
II

= 50 ml
In 20 “C
49,006 ml

In 20 “C

B
+

c .
NOTE See Table 4 for definitions of symbols.

Figure 3 — Type 3 (Gay-Lussac) B

pyknometer flask

NOTE See Table 3 for definitions of symbols.

Figure 4 — Type 4 (Reischauer) pyknometer flask

12
 IS 5717:2003
1s0 3507:1999

--t-F
‘c
4
3

1 4
A 1
q 4
I
2
I 1
1 1
L-- —-u [ 1
1

k
T
= 25 ml D
In 20 “(
25,08 ml

! L_
-
I
- —.
. c

1- B

NOTE See Table 3 for definitions of symbols.

Figure 5 — Type 5 (Hubbard) pyknometer flask

c
D
I B

NOTE See Table 4 for definitions of symbols.

Figure 6 — Pyknometer flask with ground-in

thermometer and capillary side tube

13
IS 5717:2003
1s0 3507:1999

Annex A
(informative)

Device for adjusting the liquid level in a Reischauer-type pyknometer

See Figures A.1 and A.2.

Dimensions in millimetres
40
.
1
2
/

\
4
m
0s

Key
1 Attach this end to vacuum
2 0 ext. 6 x 1,0 wall thickness, seamless soft-drawn
copper tubing
3 0 ext. 0,5 stainless-steel hypodermic tubing
4 0 ext. 3 x 1,0 wall thickness, seamless soft-drawn
copper tubing

Figure A.1 — Draw-off needle

Dimensions in millimetres
1 2
—

170
* *
Key
1 Hypodermic needle hub to suit syringe used
2 0 ext. 1,0 stainless-steel hypodermic tubing
Figure A.2 — Filling needle

14
Bureau of Indian Standards

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harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods anc
attending to connected matters in the country.

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Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue
of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. CHD 10 ( 1084)

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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