GREEN ARCHITECTURE

INTRODUCTION-
The concept of Green architecture, also known as “sustainable architecture” or “green
building” is the theory, science and style of building designed and constructed in accordance
with environmentally friendly principles.
“Green buildings” are high performance structures that also meet certain standards for
reducing natural resource consumption.
It is the approach to building that minimizes harmful effects on human health and the
environment. The “green” architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth
by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices.
Green architecture produces environmental, social and economic benefits. Environmentally
, green architecture helps reduces pollution, conserve natural resources and prevent
environmental degradation.
Green buildings are meant to be beautiful. The buildings in which we live , work, and play
protect us from nature’s extremes, yet they also affect our health and environment in
countless ways.
Green building expands and complements the building design concerns of economy, utility,
durability, and comfort. A green building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy
efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier space
for occupants as compared to conventional buildings.

AIM-
 To understand what is green architecture and its importance.
 To use the green resources to create design aspects in a building.
 Green building refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are
environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a buildings life-cycle
from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and
demolition.

OBJECTIVES-
 The objective of the green building is to develop buildings which use the natural
resources to the minimal at the time of construction as well as operation.
  Green building emphasize on the resource usage efficiency and also press upon the
three R’s- reduce, reuse, recycle.
 There are six objectives , list below-
1. Design efficiency- this is the concept stage of green architecture building and has the
largest impact on cost and performance. It aims to minimize the environmental
impact associated with all life cycle stages of the building process.
2. Energy efficiency- use of shading devices, window placement, etc.
3. Water efficiency- to reduce water consumption and protect water quality. They
should also make it a goal to reduce waste water by using products such as ultra-low
flush toilets and low-flush shower heads.
4. Materials efficiency- should use materials that have been recycled and can generate
a surplus of energy.a good ex. Is use of solar power panels.
5. Indoor air quality- reduce volatile organic compounds and provide adequate
ventilation by choosing construction materials and interior finish products with low-
zero emissions.
6. Waste reduction- reuse of resources.

NEED OF THE STUDY-

We need to study this because the main aim of such initiatives is to make human human life
safe. It promotes sustainability without disturbing natural habitats.
Also study makes one to gain the knowledge about the best use of resources and how to
construct building in efficient manner.
Also the benefits we get are-
1. Reduce resource use.
2. Reduce waste and negative environmental impacts.
3. Maximize occupant health and productivity.
4. Decrease life cycle costs.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY-

Green building technology is the only way the construction would be taken up in future. The
green construction costing based on the life cycle is considerably low and it requires more
professional knowledge.

LIMITATIONS-
There are always some limitations. Those include-
 1. Initial cost
2. Funding for projects from banks hard to get.
3. Location factor.
4. Availability of materials.
5. Timescale.
6. Implications on air quality due to the use of some recycled materials.

METHODOLOGY-
In order to achieve the aim, the study presented in this paper, traces the following steps,
1.General overview on applying “green architecture” as a concept of sustainability.
2.defining considerations for green building.
3.defining the benefits of applying criteria for green building strategies that could maximize
energy efficiency, and indoor air quality.
4.describing case study potentials in terms of green building aspects.
 ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE

INTRODUCTION-
Organic architecture is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between
human habitation and the natural world through design approaches so sympathetic and
well integrated with its site, that buildings , and surroundings become part of a unified,
interrelated composition.
Organic architecture is more of a way of living than a tangible thing. It involves respecting
the properties of surrounding natural materials, understanding the function of the building,
and making them work together with the building site in a harmonious way.
“organic architecture” is also known as “ bionic architecture”.
The term bionic architecture refers to a movement of design and construction of expressive
building whose layout and lines are borrowed by nature.
Vernacular architecture was innately organic, as vernacular architecture is based on natural
form structure and simple local material.
Inspired by the proverb “FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION”.
In the new age organic architecture has reached new heights by employing newer materials
and technology in the application of natural shapes to create continuity in the building.
The term organic architecture was invented by great architect Frank Lloyd wright. He
believed that building should complement its environment, building should work as h
cohesive organism.

AIM-
Its main aim is to connect design with nature, humans with nature. Organic architecture
refers to designing and building structures and spaces that are balanced with their natural
surroundings. Organically designed structures seem to meld with the landscape or rise from
it as if the surrounding spaces gave birth to them.

OBJECTIVES-
1. Main objective is to cause no harm to the nature through our design.
 2. Organic architecture not only addresses environmental concerns but also
expresses individuality.
3. Each building is related to variables like
 Man
 Site
 Time
4. The belief that a building should appear to grow easily from its site.
5. Choosing one dominant form of a building and integrating that form throughout.
6. Opening up spaces.
7. Providing a place for natural foliage.
8. Using natural colours.
9. Revealing the nature of materials.
10. Buildings should be in continuity in structure, space and form.

NEED OF THE STUDY-

The basic need of this study is to relate nature with humans , create comfortness by living
surrounding to nature, by not destroying the nature.
To bring into knowledge about organic architecture in deep, several studies are to be done
and have to follow various architects who work on this phenomenon.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY-

There is a great scope in organic architecture as it has a long and celebrated history, from
ancient Greece to art nouveau. Organic architecture is rooted in a passion for life, nature,
and natural forms, and is full of the vitality of the natural world with its free- flowing curves
and expressive forms are sympathetic to the human busy mind, and spirit. In a well-
designed organic building, we feel better and free.

LIMITATIONS-
There are always some limitations. Those include-
1. Initial cost
2. Location factor.
3. Availability of materials.
4. Timescale.
5. If harmony created between nature and human is not good.
METHODOLOGY-
In order to achieve the aim, the study presented in this paper, traces the following steps,
1.General overview on applying “ORGANIC architecture” as a concept of HARMONY.
2.defining considerations for Organic building.
3.defining the benefits of applying criteria for organic building strategies that could
maximize the comfortness within the environment.
4.describing case study potentials in terms of organic building aspects.
 DAYLIGHTING / NATURAL LIGHT

INTRODUCTION-
Daylight and architectural space are inseparable. Natural light has a major effect on the way
we perceive the spaces and their function. Because of its variability natural light has a more
pleasing effect than monotonous artificial lighting. Daylight also has a major role in energy
saving as most of the buildings are used in daytime. Daylight makes a economic sense. A
good daylighting system involves many elements so it is best to incorporate them in a
building design at an early stage.
Light is the most common and wonderful element of nature. It is one of those medium by
which humans can percept and experience rich architectural spaces. Light makes building
more virtual and vivid. It helps us to visualize the surroundings, humans, architecture. The
area where light is provided a zone of spatial concentration is created which makes one feel
enclosed and protected while letting interact with outer world. Daylight and architecture
are inseparable.
It is difficult to overestimate the significance of daylight, in the character of a building and in
the lives of people who use it. There are some buildings like theatres, nightclubs where
cutting off is essential part but other buildings like museum, stores, offices where daylight is
of atmost importance.
We know that light is dynamic feature which creates a powerful impact on a building and its
interior spaces. Light has been used in different ways by different architects. If an architect
has a better understanding of lights and its interdependence, he will be able to control the
amount of areas upon the light falling and also be able to compose the shadow pattern.
Therefore it is important to study and understand the subject of light.
Light really affects the interior and exterior of a place. It changes the atmosphere and
should be used correctly in order to define the wanted spirit of a room. It can also be used
to mould our perception of an architectural space.

AIM-
 To understand what is daylighting and its importance.
 To use the daylight to create design aspects in a building.
 To create openings in a buildings for daylighting.
OBJECTIVES-
 To study example of buildings where architecture is revealed through light.
 To understand different notion of architects for daylight.
 To minimize the use of artificial lighting.
 Reduces electricity costs and HVAC costs.
 To understand the important aspects of window selection.

NEED TO STUDY-
“Architects in planning today have forgotten their faith in natural light. Depending on the
touch of a finger to switch, they are satisfied with static light and forgot the endlessly
changing qualities of natural light,”- louis I khan. Due to the increase in density of
population and increasing height of the buildings in cities, the value of natural light is being
neglected.
With the suffcient amount of daylight entering inside the building, we can create energy
efficient design. Daylight solution have a great impact on global energy demand. The
features when kept in mind create a better lighting condition interior. Daylight helps in:

 Energy consumption of a building whereas providing more comfort.

 It impairs the sense of time through shadows. It gives the character to the spaces.
 It provides a delighful, healthier environment.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY-

The beauty of light is that dynamic and ever changing. No two lighting conditions are the
same. The cool light emitted during sunrise creates totally different atmosphere than the
warm rays of the sunset. As the time passes, new patterns are created and architecture
presents itself in a complete different fashion. The architect has the opportunity to control
and use the ever changing conditions to his advantages by manipulating various opening
sizes and shapes. The design of human environment is the design of human sensory
experience.
Daylighting enhances the visual effect and helps to attain comfortable environment. The
physiological effects can easily justify the design efforts. Daylight with proper control can
result in significant energy savings by reducing electrical loads.
LIMITATIONS-
 This topic is restricted to study of effect of daylight in a building.
 This study does not cover scientific calculations of lighting design.
 The technical impact of daylight will not be mentioned.
 If not executed properly, it can results negative results.

METHODOLOGY-
In order to achieve the aim, the study presented in this paper, traces the following steps,
1.General overview on applying “daylighting” .
2.defining considerations for daylighting in building.
3.defining the benefits of applying criteria for daylighting strategies that could minimize the
use of artificial lighting.
 COURTYARDS AND VERTICAL COURTYARDS IN
ARCHITECTURE

INTRODUCTION-
A courtyard is a circumscribed area, often surrounded by a building or a complex, that is
open to the sky.
Have been in use in residential architecture for almost as long as people have lived in
constructed dwellings. The comfort by a courtyard- air, light, privacy, security and
tranquillity.
In old traditional residences, the courtyard was the focal point of the house. Most, if not all,
rooms of the house had direct connection with the courtyard. Courtyards served privacy
purposes where they maximised interior relationships and openness while keeping the
outside separate. Not only were courtyards used as social family gathering spaces, they
were also a source of airflow and thermal comfort to the residence. Courtyard houses have
been most popular in residential architecture all over the world and in all climatic regions.
Courtyards can be square, rectangular, round or amorphous, generated by placement of
rooms or buildings around it. The courtyards supply light and cool air to the rooms around
it. Air circulation within this confined space relies largely on the proportions of the
surrounding walls and positioning of window openings in the surrounding rooms. Breeze
and shading in the courtyard helps in creating comfortable living conditions during day and
sleeping conditions during night.

AIM-
 To understand the courtyard and its importance.
 To create privacy to the residents of the house.
 To perform different functions.
 Also to provide the circulation of fresh air.
 Also absorbs the noise of the house within itself.
 To analyse how vertical courtyards came into existence and their development in
courtyard housing, bringing out new concepts for courtyard in high rise residential
housing.
OBJECTIVE-
 To study the evolution of courtyard housing, and how vertical courtyards has
emerged in time.
 To reduce the energy demand in order to reduce co2 emissions .

NEED TO STUDY-
Besides providing ventilation, and personal outdoor space, courtyard in houses makes a lot
of sense.
It is one of the few architectural devices that permits a vertical connection to the infinities
of the heavens.
There are other good reasons for courtyards. Since the enclosing surfaces are in close
proximity, the sense of time can be felt with the movement of shadows. Courtyard allow
sunshine, rain and fresh air into the home.
We need to study it because it helps us to know about the advantages of constructing
courtyards in houses and buildings.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY-

 To study history and evolution of courtyard housing.
 To study the role of courtyard housing in urban design.
 Developing new concepts of vertical courtyard housing for present, future scenario.
 Understanding the concept of vertical courtyard housing.

LIMITATIONS-
 This study will only emphasise on courtyards in residential/ housing projects.

METHODOLOGY-
 Elaborating the term courtyard.
 Need of courtyard in housing.
 History and evolution of courtyard housing.
 Role of courtyard housing in urban design.
Present future scenario of vertical courtyard housing- explaining through literature studies.
 SOA, IPS ACADEMY

DISSERTATION TOPICS

SESSION- 2018-19

SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTED BY-

AR. NITYA DHURVE MEENAL JAIN
AR. SACHIN PALIWAL 7TH SEM
 GLASS IN ARCHITECTURE

INTRODUCTION-
Glass is now considered to be a commodity in todays architecture.
Glass is an amorphous (non crystalline) solid which is often transparent and has widespread
practical technological and decorative usage in things like window panels, tableware etc, the
most familiar and historically the oldest types of glass are based on the chemical compound
silica. The primary constituent of sand.
Glass has been a fascinating material to human kind since it was first made in about 500 B.C.
At first thought to possess magical properties, glass has come a long way. It is one of the
most versatile and oldest material in the building industry.
It is a major component in the rapidly revolving construction industry and is prevalent in
almost all iconic structures all over the world.
A building without glass looks suffocating and dark. Glass enables natural lighting and
ventilation, thus contributing to energy efficiency and healthy circulation of light and air.

AIM-
 To study about the importance of the glass and its importance in
architecture.
 To use glass to create visibility from inside out or inside in.
 To make the building aesthetically good.

OBJECTIVE-
 Main objective is to provide visibility and makes aesthetically good.
 To study how glass works
 To make the best possible use of glass at the right place.

NEED TO STUDY-
 To know about the history of glass and its advantages and disadvantages.
  Architect should know the use of glass, which type of glass should be used, with
proper details.
 There are many advantages of glass and we need to study them properly for therie
proper use.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY-

 To know it’s importance in future.
 To know how the use of glass should be improved in future.

LIMITATIONS-
Manufacturing of glass is high energy consuming process due to high temperature required
for processing the raw materials, and it is expensive material and ultimately increase the
cost of the building. Breaks easily.

METHODOLOGY-
In order to achieve the aim, the study presented in this paper, traces the following steps,
1.General overview on applying “GLASS” .
2.defining considerations for glass in building.
3.defining the benefits of applying criteria for glass strategies.