CHAPTER 26 WIND LOADS: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

130(58)
140(63)
150(67)

165(74)

Figure 26.5-1B Basic Wind Speeds for Occupancy Category III and IV Buildings and Other Structures.
Notes:
1. Values are nominal design 3-second gust wind speeds in miles per hour (m/s) at 33 ft (lOrn) above ground for
Exposure C category.
2. Linear interpolation between contours is permitted.
3. Islands and coastal areas outside the last contour shall use the last wind speed contour of the coastal area.
4. Mountainous terrain, gorges, ocean promontories, and special wind regions shall be examined for unusual wind
conditions.
5. Wind speeds correspond to approximately a 3% probability of exceedance in 50 years (Annual Exceedance
Probability = 0.000588, MRI = 1700 Years).

248a
 MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS

m~*>;l:~; u: f-c 150(67)

:1 ~'''l ~4~~~160(72)
K 170(76)
...7'" .,.
170(76) 180(80) ~~" 180(80)

WI ....::5~V190(85)
I
120(54)'lJ-/;1ffi\
130;~~~\ 160(72) ~200(89)
140(63)150(67)
.' 200(89)
_ Special Wind Region
Location Vmph (rn/s)
Guam 210 (94) 1.60.(72~<.!6)
Virgin Islands 175 (78) ~180(80)
American Samoa 170 (76)
Puerto Rico
Hawaii - 145 (65)

Figure 26.5-1B (Continued)

248b
CHAPTER 30 WIND LOADS - COMPONENTS AND CLADDING

- Gust Effect Factor (Section 26.9) cient K, or Kh, as applicable, shall be determined from
- Enclosure classification (Section 26.10) Table 30.3-1. For a site located in a transition zone
- Internal pressure coefficient (GCp;) (Section 26.11). between exposure categories, that is, near to a change
in ground surface roughness, intermediate values of K;
30.2.2 Minimum Design Wind Pressures or Ki, between those shown in Table 30.3-1, are
The design wind pressure for components and permitted, provided that they are determined by a
cladding of buildings shall not be less than a net rational analysis method defined in the recognized
pressure of 16 lb/tr' (0.77 kN/m2) acting in either literature.
direction normal to the surface.
30.3.2 Velocity Pressure
30.2.3 Tributary Areas Greater than 700 ftl (65 m') Velocity pressure, qz, evaluated at height z shall
Component and cladding elements with tributary be calculated by the following equation:
areas greater than 700 ft2 (65 nr') shall be permitted to
be designed using the provisions for MWFRS.
4 qz = 0.00256 KzKztKdV2 (lb/fr') (30.3·1)

[In SI: qz = 0.613 KzKztKdV2 (N/m2); V in m/s]

30.2.4 External Pressure Coefficients
where
Combined gust effect factor and external pressure
coefficients for components and cladding, (GCp), are Kd = wind directiona1ity factor defined in Section 26.6
given in the figures associated with this chapter. The K, = velocity pressure exposure coefficient defined in
pressure coefficient values and gust effect factor shall Section 30.3.1
not be separated. Kzt = topographic factor defined in Section 26.8
V = basic wind speed from Section 26.5
=
qh velocity pressure calculated using Eq. 30.3-1 at
height h
30.3 VELOCITY PRESSURE
The numerical coefficient 0.00256 (0.613 in SI)
30.3.1 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient shall be used except where sufficient climatic data are
Based on the exposure category determined in available to justify the selection of a different value of
Section 26.7.3, a velocity pressure exposure coeffi- this factor for a design application.

316
 MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS

Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients, Kh and Kz I

Table 30.3-1 I

Exposure
Height above
ground level, Z

B C D
ft (m)
0-15 (0-4.6) 0.70 0.85 1.03
shall 1.08
20 6.1 0.70 0.90
25 7.6 0.70 " 0.94 1.12
30.3-1) 30 9.1 0.70 0.98 1.16
40 12.2) 0.76 I 1.04 1.22
5] 50 15.2) 0.81 1.09 1.27
60 (18) 0.85 1.13 1.31
~ (21.3 0.89 1.17 1.34
ion 26.6 80 (24.4 0.93 1.21 1.38
fined in 90 27.4 0.96 1.24 1.40
100 30.5 0.99 1.26 1.43
.8 120 36.6) 1.04 1.31 1.48
140 42.7 1.09 1.36 1.52
0.3-1 at 160 48.8 1.13 1.39 1.55
180 54.9 1.17 1.43 1.58
200 61.0 1.20 1.46 1.61
3 in SI) 250 76.2 1.28 1.53 1.68
c data are 300 91.4 1.35 1.59 1.73
nt value of 350 (106.7 1.41 1.64 1.78
400 121.9 1.47 1.69 1.82
450 137.2 1.52 1.73 1.86
500 152.4 1.56 1.77 1.89

Notes:
1. The velocity pressure exposure coefficient K, may be determined from the following formula:
For 15 ft. $Z s Zg For Z < 15 ft. 0.'

K, = 2.01 (zlZJ2/a. K, = 2.01 (l5/Zg)21a.·

Note: Z shall not be taken less than 30 feet in exposure B.
2. a. and Zgare tabulated in Table 26.9.1.
3. Linear interpolation for intermediate values of height Z is acceptable.
4. Exposure categories are defined in Section 26.7.

317
CHAPTER 30 WIND LOADS - COMPONENTS AND CLADDING

h s 60 ft.
Figure 30.4-2A External Pressure Coefficients,
Enclosed, Partially Enclosed Buildings Gable Roofs e ~ 7°

10 100 10 100
-3.2 -3.2
-3.0 ...: -3.0 (3)
l3) Roof Overhana
c.. -2.8
'-'- -2.8 ~
'u
-2.8
I\.
-2.8
(,J
~
E
-2.6
-2.4
=0; -2.4
-2.6 \.
,
-2.2
'- -2.2
\
, '",
_~ -2.0 (,J -2.0
(2)
e ...(i)J.(2).
.-
~
-1.8
-1.6
1"0... \.
-1.8 ::::3
~
-1.8
-1.6 "", , -1.7
-1.6
8
e
-1.4
"
..•...
e -1.4
-1.2 "- ~
,
Q.
-1.2 \..1) ..." ~ -1.1

"
-1.1
~ -1.0 -1.0
-0.9
as
c -1.0
en -0.8 •.• -0.8 -0.8
e
Q. -0.6 ~ -0.6
as -0.4 W 1 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000
E -0.2 (0.1) (0.9) (1.9) (4.6) (9.3) (18.6) (46.5)(92.9)
~ 0 Effective Wind Area, ft2 (nf )
~ +0.2 ~ +0.2
+0.4 .+0.3

+0.6
E1 10 20 50 100 200 5001000
(0.1) (0.9) (1.9) (4.6) (9.3) (18.6) (46.5)(92.9)

Effective Wind Area, ft2 (nf)

Notes:
l. Vertical scale denotes GCp to be used with qh.
2. Horizontal scale denotes effective wind area, in square feet (square meters).
3_ Plus and minus signs signify pressures acting toward and away from the surfaces, respectively.
4. Each component shall be designed for maximum positive and negative pressures.
5. If a parapet equal to or higher than 3 ft (0.9m)is provided around the perimeter of the roof with e ~ 7°,
the negative values of GCp in Zone 3 shall be equal to those for Zone 2 and positive values of GCp in
Zones 2 and 3 shall be set equal to those for wall Zones 4 and 5 respectively in Figure 30.4-1.
6. Values of GCp for roof overhangs include pressure contributions from both upper and lower surfaces.
7. Notation:
a: 10 percent of least horizontal dimension or O.4h, whichever is smaller, but not less than either 4% of
least horizontal dimension or 3 ft (0.9 m).
h: Eave height shall be used for e ~ 10°.
B: Angle of plane of roof from horizontal, in degrees.

336
 MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS

h s 60 ft.
GablelHip Roofs 7°< e s 27°
--n-- -TtT- --n--
t ~!---~-->(j;~@--!@
,, "
"
,,, "
"
"
,, "
"
, "

0: <D :Q:; CD! <D 10

, ,
,,, ,,
,, ,,
,,
, ,
_-'- or.,; - - J - - - - - - -'- -

0: 0 :~0: 0 :0

10 100
-2.8

-2.8
-2.6
(3)
........ -2.6
-2.4 ........•..
0..
-2.2
Roof
(.) 1"0.
(9 -2.0 -2.0
-E -1.8
-1.7
8'
(9 10 100
Q)
-0
-1.6
-1.4
~ r--.... ~ -4.0
-1.7 ~ ~ Q) -3.8 ~
-1.6 Q) -1.2 -1.2 -0 -3.6 0\ erM ha -3.7
0 -0
"
(.) -1.0 -0.9 ~ -3.4 I\..
-1.1 ~
:::3
-0.8 -0.8
8 -3.2
en
en
-0.6
~ -3.0
""'
I"
-0.8 -0.4
~
Cl.. -0.2
:::3 -2.8
~ -2.6
a co
c::
o ~
n, -2.4
-2.5
<.2)
) '- +0.2
...(i){2).&.(3} +0.3 co -2.2 -2.2
~ +0.4 c:: -2.0
w +0.6
+0.5
Q; 1 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000
+0.8 x
w (0.1) (0.9) (1.9) (4.6) (9.3) (18.6) (46.5)(92.9)
1 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000
(0.1) (0.9) (1.9) (4.6) (9.3) (18.6) (46.5)(92.9) Effective Wind Area, ft 2(m2)
Effective Wind Area, ft 2(m2)

Notes:
1. Vertical scale denotes GCp to be used with qh.
2. Horizontal scale denotes effective wind area, in square feet (square meters).
3. Plus and minus signs signify pressures acting toward and away from the surfaces, respectively.
4. Each component shall be designed for maximum positive and negative pressures.
5. Values of GCp for roof overhangs include pressure contributions from both upper and lower surfaces.
6. For hip roofs with 7° < e ~ 27°, edge/ridge strips and pressure coefficients for ridges of gabled roofs shall
apply on each hip.
7. For hip roofs with e ~ 25°, Zone 3 shall be treated as Zone 2.
8. Notation:
a: 10 percent of least horizontal dimension or O.4h, whichever is smaller, but not less than either 4% of
least horizontal dimension or 3 ft (0.9 m).
h: Mean roof height, in feet (meters), except that eave height shall be used for e ~ 10°.
e: Angle of plane of roof from horizontal, in degrees.
CHAPTER 30 WIND LOADS - COMPONENTS AND CLADDING

h s 60 ft.
Figure 30.4-2C
Enclosed, Partially Enclosed Buildings

CD CD2

gc. -1.6
10 100
It 10 100
.,;- -1.4
C2)&(3) Roof " -3.0
~ -1.2 -1.2 .,;- -2.8
••••••••• overnang
·u
~
-1.0
~
(i') - •........ - -1.0
~
~
:§
·2.6
-2.4
=i -2.2
8 ~:: 8 -2.0 \.2J&13) ~ -2.0
~
::l -0.2 G) -1.8 -1.8
~ 0 :s -1.6
~ +0.2 ~. -1.4
a.. +0.4 ~ -1.2
asc a..
+0.6 _ -1.0
Gi +0.8 ~ +0.8 ~ 1 10 20 50 100 20.0 5001000
>< +1.0 +0.9 ..' Gi (0.1) (0.9) (1.9) (4.6) (9.3) (18:6) (46.5)(92.9)
W 1 10 20 50 100 200 5001000
(0.1) (0.9) (1.9) (4.6) (9.3) (18.6) (46.5)(92.9) ;H' Effective Wind Area, ft2 (nf )
Effective Wind Area, ft2 (nf)

Notes:
L Vertical scale denotes GCp to be used with qh-
2_ Horizontal scale denotes effective wind area, in square feet (square meters).
3_ Plus and minus signs signify pressures acting toward and away from the surfaces, respectively.
4_ Each component shall be designed for maximum positive and negative pressures.
5. Values of GCp for roof overhangs include pressure contributions from both upper and lower surfaces.
6. Notation:
a: 10 percent ofleast horizontal dimension or OAh, whichever is smaller, but not less than either 4% of
least horizontal dimension or 3 ft (0.9 m).
h: Mean roof height, in feet (meters).
9: Angle of plane of roof from horizontal, in degrees.
 MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS

h s 60 ft.
Figure 30.4-SA External Pressure Coefficients, Monoslope Roofs
oofs
Enclosed, Partially Enclosed Buildings 3°< e::; 10°

Ir ~ ®
I
I ®
L...------.l-
:0-
r
I
l -3.0
- .8
10 100

I a. -2.6
1J~ -2.6
0

""''"
I
I CJ -2.4
.:
® CD tt -2.2

"
c::::
I
Q) -2.0 (3)
I
'u -1.8 """, -1.8
a '"
"
I
(2')
-1.6 -1.6
. I ==0
Q)
-1.4 ~ -1.5
I 0 ~ -1.3
·2.6
~ ® r-------.-L- •..:::J -1.0
Q) -1.2
""'- -1.2

l
·2.5 -1.1

·2.0
I
I ® :0 tn
tn -0.8
•..
Q)
KD
·1.7 0.. -0.6 ~
-0.4
a;
•..
C -0.2
·1.1

w-
Q)
><
o
+0.2
+0.4
ALLWNES
+0.2
+0.3

+0.6
1 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000

~3
(0.1) (0.9) (1.9) (4.6) (9.3) (18.6) (46.5)(92.9)
2
Effective Wind Area, ft2 (m )

w
I- -I
Notes:
1. Vertical scale denotes GCp to be used with qh.
y. 2. Horizontal scale denotes effective wind area A, in square feet (square meters).
3. Plus and minus signs signify pressures acting toward and away from the surfaces, respectively.
4 .. Each component shall be designed for maximum positive an~egative pressures.

t 5.
6.
For e ~ 3°, values of GCp from Fig. 30A-2A shall be used.
Notation:
a: 10 percent of least horizontal dimension or OAh, whichever is smaller, but not less than
either 4 percent of least horizontal dimension or 3 ft (0.9 m).
h: Eave height shall be used for e ~ 10°. '
W: Building width, in feet (meters).
e: Angle of plane of roof.from horizontal, in degrees.

341