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dgfpg yfln/x]sf 5g\. ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/sf] Jofks ljsf;n] o'jfo'jtLsf kfv'/Ldf ;l~rt u/L lemd|'s / uf}d'vL ufpFkflnsfnfO{ To;sf/0f hgdfg;df :yfgLo txsf
ubf{ rf8kj{ dgfpg ;d]t ;lhnf] x'g] ePsf] 5. o;kfnL phf{ To;} v] / uO/x] 5. b{ 'O{ rf/ lr/]/ hfg] ePsf]n] tL ufpFkflnsfsf] gsf/fTds s'/fx? ljleGg ;~rf/
ljhof bzdLsf] l6sfsf] ;fOtsf] ;do klg b]z cg';f/ km/s nfvsf] hf]xf] ug{ ;Sg] vf8L d'n'sdf ljsf;df klg of] dfu{sf] dxTj 5. dfWoddf Jofks ?kdf cfpg yfn]sf
km/s ;dodf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof]. g]kfnLx? h'g b]zdf k'u] b'Mv ul//x]sf 5g\. Tof] kgL gx'g]x? t/ lgdf{0 f r/0fdf em08} k|j]z ug{ 5g\.
cfˆgf] pj { / pd] / nfO{ cj ;/, nfUbf clxn] of]hgf z'? x'g] gx'g]df xfdL lgjf{ l rt hgk|l tlglw.
klg ToxfF pgLx? clxn] g]kfnL ;+:s[ltnfO{ hf]ufpg ljleGg
;+efjgfsf] ;xof]udf ;du| lhjgsf] cGof}ntf b]lvPsf] 5. o:t} lhNnfsf] xfdL :yfgLo ;/sf/. xfdLn] :yfgLo
k|oTgx? ub}{ cfPsf 5g\. pgLx?n] g]kfnL rf8kj{nfO{ cfˆ gf] cfwf/l;nf jgfpg'sf] ;f6f] ljs[lt, blIf0f klZrddf ;f/Lsf] gx/ s'nf] ;/sf/ dfkm{t zf;g ug]{ xf]. xfdLn]
klxrfgsf ?kdf lng yfn]sf 5g\. cfˆ gf] klxrfg tyf lj;+utL, ljb|f]x tkm{ cu|;/ jgfpg klg # bzsb]lv z'? eP klg clxn] c?sf] s' /f lsg ;'Gg'k¥of] < eGg]
cl:tTjnfO{ pRr /fVgsf nflu rf8af8 dgfpg' k5{ eGg] jfWo kfl/Psf 5g\. ;Dd ;DkGg x'g ;s]s f] 5}g. of] h: tf unt ;f ] r fOaf6 s ltko
efjgfsf] ljsf; eO/x]sf] 5. cl;d ;Defjgfsf] pkl:yltsf of]hgf lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] eP. Tof] hgk|ltlglwx? u|:t ePsf] b]lvG5.
jfj h' b l hNnfs f] l jsf; lsg If]qsf] s[lif pTkfbsTjdf sfofkn6 : y fgL o txs f o f ] h gf ty f
g]kfnLx?sf] sfdsf] zLnzLnfdf ljleGg :yfgdf hfg] ck]lIft ?kdf x'g ;s]g < hgtfsf g} x'g] b]lvG5. of]hgf lgdf{0f ;DkGg sfo{qmdx?df ljrf}nLofx?sf] k|efj
ultlzntf a9]sf sf/0f oqtq uPsfx? e]nf x'g], e]63f6 x'g] cfwf/e" t cfjZostfx? ;/n / x'g] cfzfdf aiff]{b]lv /x]sf :yfgLox? a9\ bf] 5. o;n] hgtfsf] ;d:of
kj{sf ?kdf klg o;nfO{ lng yflnPsf] 5.;dfhdf lzIff tyf ;xh ?kdf k"/f x'g ;Sg] jftjf/0f clxn] lg/fz aGg yfn]sf 5g\. To:t} 36fpg] eGbf ljrf}nLofnfO{ kmfObf
r]tgfsf] ljsf; ePsf sf/0f lautdf h:tf] rf8kj{df x'g] lsg tof/ x'g ;s]g < lsg nfdf] k' iksdn bfxfn k|r 08 k|w fgdGqL k'¥ofpg] u/L of]hgf aGg yfn]sf 5g\.
;dob] l v Ko" 7 fg sd lj sl ;t ePsf] avt ef/t ;/sf/n] lgdf{0f o:tf of]h gfaf6 cfd ;j{;fwf/0f
sf6df/, n8fO{emu8f, rf]/L tyf n'6kf6sf 36gfdf sdL cfpg lhNnfsf] >]0fLjf6 pFef] nfUg ;s]g< ul/lbg] of]hgfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] gf}d'/] ;d] t cgle1 x' g yfn] s f 5g\ .
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tyf k|x/Lsf] ;lqmotfn] klg o:tf 36gfdf sdL cfPsf] xf]. Ko" 7 fgj f;L sf dg dgdf 5g\ . cfP klg Tof] of]hgfsf] klg lgdf{0f ? kdf ;j{ ; f wf /0f ;Dd cf pg
o;/L g} rf8kj{ lzi6, ;Eo, ;'vb, /dfOnf]sf ;fy dgfpg jf:tjdf ljsf; lsg x' g ;Sb}g sfo{ cufl8 a9\g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g. ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\. lhNnfsf clwsf+z
t< w]/} dflg;sf] d'vaf6 Pp6} hjfkm o;f] x'g'df lhNnfaf6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ :yfgLo txx?n] cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{
;Sg'df g} xfd|f] ;f+:s[lts klxrfgsf] dxTj 5. cfpF5 Ko"7fgjf;Ln] s]Gb| ;/sf/;Dd hgk|ltlglwx? sdhf]/ ePsf sf/0f afFs L $ k]h df
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s'g} klg cfk/flws lqmofsnfksf] cg';Gwfg u/L lgisif{df k'¥ofpg] sfd k|x/Lsf] xf]. sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f ;+;b\n] u/] klg pQm sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{÷u/fpg] sfd k|x/Laf6} z'? x'G5.
d'n'sdf sfg'gL zf;g sfod ug{ cGo w]/} lgsfosf] e"ldsf eP klg k|x/L ;+u7g o;sf] k|d'v c+u xf]. ck/fw cg';Gwfg / cjfl~5t ultljlw lgoGq0f tyf zflGt ;'/Iff sfod
ug{ g]kfn k|x/Ln] dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5. o;} kl/j]zdf Ko"7fg k|x/L k|d'vsf] kbef/ ;+xfnL/fv]sf k|x/L gfoj pk/LIfs g]/ Gb|s 'df/ sfsL{;Fu s]xL ;do cl3
ul/Psf] la:t[t s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/ ;+If]k – ;Dkfbs.
oxfF slxn]b]lv k|x/L ;]jfdf k|j]z Tof] a'em]/ g} sfd ug'{ eg] / Psrf]6L a:g] , h:tf] j8f :t/Lo ;fem] bf/L Jof/]s s:tf] x'Fbf] /x]5 h:tf ofjt ;d:ofn] 7"nf] cy{ /fVb}g.
ug'{e of]< ;Demfpg] . clg ;DemfpF b f dfGg' ;ldltsf] j}7s a:of] eg] pxfFx?n] ljifodf 5nkmn xf] ;\ eg] /, xfd|f ] k | x /Ln fO{ ;' / Iffsf l x ;fjn ]
clxn] #@ jif{ k'lu;s]sf] 5. ePg eg] To;kl5 PSzg hfg] eGg] cfk\mgf] j8fleq s] s:tf ;d:ofx? ljifodf pgLx?nfO{ klg hfgsf/L cl;ldt clwsf/ 5g\. Tof] k|of]u
d]/ f] @ g+= k| b]z wg'iff lhNnf xfn bf]>f] kIf xf]. 3/df a;]/ vfg'x'G5. 5g\. Tof] ;d:of lg/fs/0f ug{ s] xf];\ eg]/ o:tf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ h gzlQm tyf pks/0fsf]
sf7df08f}d f. kf l/j fl /s dgf ] / ~hg ug] { s' / f s:tf sfo{ qmd ug]{ / slxn] ug]{ eg]/ ub} { cfPsf xf} . k|x /L eg] sf] cs}{ lx;fjn] ljleGg r' gf} l tx? klg
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rf8jf8df kl/jf/;Fu 3'nldn x'g s ;} n ] J o lQ mut pgLx? l;i6dn] a:bf cfhef]l n To:tf] ;d:of 5}g.
gkfpFbf s:tf] dx;'; x'G5 < : j tG qtf xgg\ ug{ /x]5g\. cfb] zsf] >[+vnf h:tf] klxnf klxnf clnslt xfd|f]
xfdL hxfF vl6G5 Tof] klg xfd|f] ;Sb}g. g] k fndf /S;L of] x' Fb f] /x]5 . sfd ug]{ ;dfh klg clzlIft lyof]. k'ln;df
kl/jf/ g} xf]. JolQmut kl/jf/ eGbf vfg kfOb}g eGg] 5} g. tf}/tl/sf of] x'Fbf] /x]5. x' g] hgzlQmdf klg ;d:of lyof].
klg k| x /L ;] j f df nfl u;s] k l 5 t/ dfbs kbfy{ ;] js pgLx? ;F u xfdL l sg clwsf/sf ;Gbe{dsf s'/f ug] { xf]
;fd'lxs ?kdf rNg'kg]{ x' G5. h;/L u/] / s ;} n f O{ uf nL 8/fpg] < s]x L k/]/ k|x/L eg] ;a} P]g sfg'gn] g} JofVof u/]sf]
xfdL lhNNf k|x/L sfof{no tyf dftxt a ] OH ht ug' { eof ] . o'l g6df k'l uxfn] cfk;L 5. clxn] t s ] x L clwsf /x?
o'lg6df xfdL k|x/L sd{rf/L 5f}+. xfd|f] ;f j { h l gs :y ndf 5nkmna f 6 ;d: o f kflnsfx?;Fu klg 5g\. vfnL k|x/L
kl/jf/ ToxL g} xf]. cln cln ld; xf] xNnf ub}{ lx8\ g'eof]. ;dfwfg x'Fbf] /x]5. h:tf eg]sf] ;dfhsf] nflu hGd]b ]lv d[To'
t x'G5 g} ld; gx'g] eGg] s'/f x'Gg. ;8sdf bfOg] jfof u/]/ s' /fx? a'em' g\ eg] / of] ;Dd x/]s 7fpFdf :6]k :6]k df rflxg]
ca xfdLn] k|x /L ;+ u7gdf hflu/ df k;] u/] / xl Nnb} sfo{qmd nfu' ePsf] 5. eP/ cl;ldt clwsf/ eGg] xf] .
vfO;s]kl5 hgtfnfO{ v'zL agfpg] l x8\ g ' e Ps f ] 5 eg] ;j{;fwf/0f s] xL k¥of] eg] clwsf/ t clxn] ;a}nfO{ af8kmf8
xfd|f] clek|fo xf]. k|x/Lsf] nIo g} T o ;df rfF l x xf dL kmf]g ug'{x'G5. glhs} eof] e} /fv] sf]n ] xfdLnfO{ dfq cl;ldt
ToxL xf] . To;sf/0fn] jfgL klg 5f8\b}gf}. lsgeg] pxfFsf] eg] s f o f { n o d} clwsf/ eGg] cj:yf 5}g. dflg;sf]
e} ;Sof]. vf;u/]/ rf8kj{sf] a] nf sf/0fn] ubf{ v]/L b'3{6gf cfpg'x'G 5. x/] s If] qdf ;aeGbf cTofjZos s' /f eg] sf]
3/ hfg gkfpFbf vf;} g/dfOnf] cg'ej a 9 \ g ;S5. ;j f /L xfdLn] o:tf] ;sf/fTds zflGt ;'/Iff xf]. zflGt ;'/Iffdf xfdL
x'g 5fl8;Sof]. cf k\ m gf ] ul tdf c;/x? b]lv/x]sf 5f}+. OGeNj x'g] Tof] x'g] x'gfn] w]/} clwsf/
rf8kj{df x'g] ck/fwnfO{ lgoGq0f l x8L /f v] s f ] a] n f 3/]n' lx+;fsf ph'/Lx? h:tf] b]lvPsf] xf]. clxn] xfdLn]
ug{ oxfF x?n] s] s:tf /0fgLltx? pxf F x ?n] /S;L vfb} k| x /Ld f Psbd } sd kfPsf] clwsf/ dfgj clwsf/sf] /Iff
cjnDjg ug'{ ePsf] 5< af6f]df xNnLb} hfg'eof] eg] To;nfO{ pxfFx?n] cfkm} lg0f{o ug'{ x'G5. clg k 5{ g \ k l/xfn] kl g k| x /Ln ] ub}{ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ v'zL kfb}{ clwsf/
;8s ;' / Iff xfd| f ] rfxgf, klg xfdL sf/jfxL u5f}{. Tof] ;d:of pk/ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;lqmotf b]vfpFb}g eGg] k|x/Lk|lt pkof] u ug{ g]k fn k| x/L ;Ifd 5.
;' /lIft ofqfdf ;a} nfO{ z' esfdgf s'g} a]nf k|x/L eg]kl5 ;j{;fwf/0f clg nlIft ;d"x s'g rflx xf]. Tof] cf/f] k 5. o;nfO{ oxfF n] s;/L To:tf] xfdL; tLtf] cg' ej 5} g
eGg] Pp6f gf/f g]kfn clw/fHosf 8/fpg] k| j[lQ ;dfhdf JofKt lyof]. ;d"x;Fu a;]/ 5nkmn ug]{ , ;r]tgf x]g'{ePsf] 5 < clxn] ;Dd.
;txQ/ j6} lhNnfdf ;jf/L ;fwg clxn] k|x /Ln] cfk\mgf] 5jL ;'wfg{ sfo{ qmd ug] { , cyjf s' g} 7fpFd f of] k' /fgf] cf/f]k xf]. clxn] cem} klg k| x/Lx? lzi6 Jojxf/
rNg] 7fpFdf sfo{qmd z'? ePsf] 5. ;j{ ; fwf/0f;F u 3' n l dn x ' g ] ck/fwsf] 36gf Psbd} e}/fv]sf] 5. xfdL;Fu dlxnf, afnaflnsf / h]i7 k|bz{g ub}{gg\ eGg] ;j{;fwf/0fsf]
of] eg] s f] ;jf /L rf nsx?nfO{ l jl eG g sfo{ q md x ? cu fl 8 dfG5] kQf nufpg ufx| f] eof] eg] gful/snfO{ ;Djf]wg ug]{ eg]/ xfd|f]df cf/f]kdf s]xL ;'wf/ eP klg cem}
;Demf pg] . tkf O{ s f] xf tdf w ] / } a9fPsf] 5. o;sf] k|e fj s:tf] k| x/LnfO{ l;l;l6lesf] cfjZostf dl xnf, a fnafl ns f ty f h] i 7 o;sf] cGTo x' g ;s] s f] 5} g
dfG5]x?sf] lhGbuL c8]sf] 5. w]/} kfpg'ePsf] 5 < kb{5. Tof] ;ldltn] l;l;6LeL /fVg gful/s ;] jf s]Gb| eGg] 5' 6\6} ejg} lsg<
hgfsf] v' zL tkfO{;Fu hf]l 8Psf] 5. g]kfn k|x/Ldf jt{dfg cfOhLkL kxn ug]{ h:tf sfd ul//fv]s]f 5. xfd|f ] lhNnf k|x /L sfof{ ndf b] Vg o;df s] 5 eg] h:tf] tkfO{n]
ToxL eP/ cln la:tf/} ;Fu, xtf/ cfpg'ePkl5 pxfFsf] ljz' 4 sG;]K6 o;sf] k|d'v nIo eg]sf] ;dfhdf ;Sg'x'G5. cGt klg xfd|f] dlxnf ;]n klxnf cfk\ mgf] xftsf] cf}nf x]g'{xf];\.
gul/sg, cfk\ m gf ] 3/kl/jf/ klg cg';f/ ;d'bfo k|x/L ;fem]b f/L eGg]. zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug{ ;d'bfo / eg]/ ;a} o'lg6df / h]i7 gful/snfO{ Tof] kfFrj6} cf}nf j/fj/ 5}gg\. tkfO{
;Dem]/ uf8L rnfpg'xf];\ eg]/ xfdL o f ] ;f e] m bf /L s f o { qmd xf d| f ] k|x/L ldn]/ cufl8 a9\g] xf]. o;af6 ;Djf]wg ug]{ eg]/ xfd|f] df dlxnf, xfdL Pp6} cfdf a'afsf 5f]/f5f] /L
sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng u/]sf 5f}+ ;a} x]8Sjf6/af6 gLltut ?kd} :yfgLo ck/fw ;se/ x'g gkfpg] l:yltsf] afnaflnsf tyf h]i7 gful/s ;]jf bfh'efO{ sf] klg :jefj km/s km/s
a ;kf s { x ?df , ;a } r] l s Ë ljsf; dGqfnodfkm{t :yfgLo tx l;h{gf ug'{ xf]. s]Gb| eGg] 5'6\6} ejg} xfd|f] lhNnf x'G5. prfO{ tf}n km/s km/s x'G5.
KjfOG6x?df, ul//fv]sf 5f} +. To;sf] kn; g] k fn k| x /L l dn] / g] k fn ;d' b fo k | x /L ;fe] m b f/L k|x/L sfof{ndf b]Vg ;Sg'x 'G5. cGt ;dfhdf h:tf g/fd|f vfnsf rl/q
sf/0fn] klg b' 3{ 6 gf Go" gLs/0fdf cl w/f H o s f ;a } gu/kf lns f sfo{ qmd z' ? ePsf] s] xL ;do klg xfd| f ] dlxnf ;] n eg]/ ;a} 5g\. g]kfn k|x/Ldf klg To:tf vfnsf
;xof]u k' u ]s f] 5. Ko" 7fgjf;Lx? ufpF k f l ns f x? df ;a } k| x /Ls f e } ; s] s f] 5. clx n] ; Dd o' l g6 df 5. :y fgLo txdf klg rl/qx? 5g\. t/ Tof] rl/qnfO{ xfdLn]
cg'zf;Lt ePsf] sf/0fn] o;df /fd|f] o' lg6x?n] ;+o' Qm ?kdf ;~rfng ;d'bfoaf6 To:tf] ;xof] u kfPsf] clwsf/ ePsf] n] clxn] w]/} s' /f Joj;flos ?kdf 9fNgsf nflu
ePsf] b]v]. sfd ug]{ ;dod} s'g} ub}{ 5. o;sf] nIf eg] sf] h:tf] s]xL pbfx/0f 5 oxfF;Fu < GofoLs ;ldltdf k' U 5. GofoLs l jl eG g tf l ndx? , ;] l dgf/x? ,
uNtL ePklg Tof] dfG5] bf] xf] ¥ofP/ tkfOn] elgxfNg' eof] ;j{ ;fwf/0f xfd|f] sfo{qmd ljBfnodf klg ;ldltdf lrQ a'em]g jf pxfFx?n] d cfGtl/s cled'vLs/0fx? pxfFx?n]
xfdLsxfF cfPsf] 5}g. Tof] d}n} Psbd} k| x /L ;Dd cf pg cl n z'? x'g yfn]kl5 clxn] xfdL af6f]df k'ln;d} hfG5' eg]/ cfPdf xfdLsxfF lbO/fv]s f x'G 5f}. sltko s' /fx?
;sf/fTds kIf kfPsf] 5'F. l xrl s rf pF 5 g\ . pxf F x ?s f ] l x8\ b f v] / L k| x /L x? b] V bf ;Djf]wg gx'g] eGg] s'/f 5} g. xfdLn] jfOjy{ cfPsf s' / fx? tTsfn
clxn] slt hlt :yfgdf To:tf] lxrlsrfx6kg klg b"/ xf];\ Pp6f a f na f l nsf x? c+ s n eg] / w]/} of] If]qdf sfd u/]sf 5f}+ eGg] kl/jt{g gx'g] ePsf sf/0f slx slx
lqmofsnfkx? ug'{ePsf] 5 < s'/f. csf]{ s'/f ;dfhdf ;a} s'/f] af] nfpF 5g\ . klxnf ltgLx? 8/fP/ xfd| f] cg'ej 5. olb o:tf] 36gf b]lvPsf] 5. t/ tkfO{n] klg dx;';
afUb' n f, h' ld| , k| T o]s k|x /L k| x/Ln] u/] / dfq ;Dej 5}g eGg] efUy] ltgLx? clxn] xfd|f] k|x/Lsf] tkfO{n] a' em\g'eof] eg] xfdLn] ;Djf]wg ug' { ePsf] xf]n f cfheGbf $ jif{
o'lg6n] cfk\mgf] cufl8 cyjf j; s'/f] tkfO{ xfdL ;a}n] a'em] sf] s'/f] uf8L b]v] kl5 s'b\b} cfP/ c+sn eg]/ u/]s} kfpg'x'G5 eGg] d]/f] a' emfO{ xf]. cufl8sf] k|x/L / clxn]sf] k|x/Ldf
/f]S g] 7fpFx ?df ToxfF s f] :yfgLo xf]. ;j{;fwf/0f klg ljgf jlb{sf k|x/L hog] kfn, ;nfd u5{ g\ x] g' {;\ x} , k|x /L P]g @)!@ clxn] ^$ jif{ ;'wf/ w] /} ePsf] 5. l56k"6 36gf
k|x /Ln] ul//fv] s f] 5. k| f o d'V o x' g\. eGg] Pp6f xfd| f] o' l ge;{ n oNnfO{ xfdLn] s;/L lng] < h:tf] k' lu;s]s f] 5. of] nfdf] cjlwdf ePsf] xf]n f To:tf] 8/fpg} kg]{ vfnsf]
;8sdf a;]sf o'lg6x?af6. sG;]K 6 5. o:tf] /fd|f ] sG;]K6nfO{ klxnf aRrf /f]of] eg] tF w]/} g/f] x} d g] k fn k | x /Ln ] l jl eGg cf/f] x Jojxf/ t (( k|ltzt g} 36] sf] d]/f]
l ju tsf jif{ x ?d f d lb /fsf] lsg Sof; gug]{ < k|x/Lsf] ;+Vof k'ln; c+ sn af]nfOlbG5' eGg] ;do cj/f]w kf/ u/]sf] 5. a]nfa]n fdf cg'ej 5.
cJojl:yt k|of]u x'g] / s'6lk6sf Go"g 5. ;dfhsf] zflGt ;'/ Iff sfod lyof] s' g} hdfgfdf tkfO{ xfdLn] k| x/L ;+ u 7g ljjfbdf klg kg] { zflGt ;'/Iffsf] ljifodf s] eGg
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cfk\mgf] g}lts bfloTj. JolQmut ?kdf o'l g6af6 Pshgf k|x /L sd{ r f/L s;/L ;~rfng ubf] { /x] 5 eGg] ;d:of s'g} s'g} a]nf cfpg] x'g\. eg] d]/} gDj/ -(*%&*!%%%%_ df
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cfk\mgf] j]j;fO6df /fVg ;ls/x]sf 5. s[lif{sf] k|j{4gsf nflu ljleGg ;j} 3/kl/jf/n] ug]{ k/Dk/fn] xfdL s]Gb|x? / lelqsf]6 h:tf P]ltxfl;s ct M lhNnfsf x/]s j8fdf :jf:Yo
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of]hgf / sfo{qmdx? k|efjsf/L aGg u' 0f:t/sf cfwf/df lhNnfsf s'g Joj;fosf] ;+/rgfdf ;'wf/ ug{ h?/L s' g } a] n f ;fljs sf] /f KtL cj:yf 5. of] c:ktfndf clxn]
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5}g. x/]s ljsf; of]hgf hgtfsf] If]qnfO{ ljleGg ks]6 If]qsf ?kdf ;Sb5. kz' k fnsf] b[ l i6n] x] b f{ klg k5f l8 k/] s f ] 5. ;/s f/L tl/sfn] cf}iflw k|fKt ug{ ;ls/x]sf
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ljpF ljhg, dn, k|ljlw, k/fdz{ ;]jf, >L v08 nuf otsf ;+ efj gfo' Q m ;| f ] t;fwg Go" gtd nfut d" N odf :jf:Yo ;j} s'/fsf] cfwf/ xf]. t/ agfpg pgLx?n] ljleGg gLltut
pkrf / / jhf/Ls /0fs f] plrt j[Ifsf] v]tLsf nflu pko'Qm 5. o:tf lgof{t eO/x]sf] 5. xfdLn] gt ue{df /xFbf, gt hGdbf, lg0f{o klg ug{ ;S5g\. ;j{;fwf/0fsf
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tyf yfO/fO8sf sf/0fn] klg of] afy gofF–gofF OGh]S;g cfPsf 5g\. of] afy_ Hj/f] -?{o'dl6s lkme/ _ / h'e]gfOn nfUof] eg], o;sf] pkfrf/ Psbd}
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xdf ] { gsf] kl/jt{ gsf sf/0f klg klg rnfpg'kg]{ x'G5. ;'lGgP/ x'g] Ps bL3{ /f]u xf] / o;n] cf/y f Ol 6 ;df a fna f lns f sf ] x'G5.
dlxnfdf cf]l:6of] cf/yfOl6; a9L ;fdfGotof ;a} afysf] ;femf lkmnfleqsf] hf] gL{ , 9fF 8 , uwg{ / xftuf] 8 fsf hf]gL{ b' V g] , ;' l Ggg] , afy/f]uaf6 aRg] pkfo
x'g] u5{. To;cl3 kf]if0fsf] cefjsf nIf0f eg]sf] z/L/sf hf]gL{x? b'Vg] slxn]sfxLF lgtDa, s'd / xftuf]8fsf lxF88' n ug{ g;Sg] , Hj/f] cfpg], d]l8sn ;fOG;n] afy/f]u nfUg}
sf/0f klg dlxnfdf of] afy b]lvG5. jf ;'lGgg] xf]. To;kl5 qmdzM cGo 7"nf hf]gL{x? b'Vg], ;'lGgg] u/fpF5. 5fnfdf ljleGg bfu cfpg], cfFvfdf glbg] pkfp clxn];Dd kQf nufpg
o'l/s Pl;8 afy eg]sf] /utdf c+udf c;/ x'g] xf]. afy/f]usf] nIf0f of] afy k|foM $) jif{sf] pd]/cl3 g} c;/ ug]{ h:tf nIf0f e] l 6G5. ;s]sf] 5}g. kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:onfO{
o'l/s Pl;8sf] dfqf a9L eP/ pTkGg afyn] c;/ u/]sf] c+u cg';f/ km/s ;'? x' G 5 / o;n] k'? ifnfO{ a9L ;dod} klxrfg u/L cf}iflw k|o f]u afy/f] u ePdf cGo ;b:o ;ts{
x'g] ;d:of xf]. o'l/s Pl;8 z/L/df x'G5. nIf0f / s'g k|sf/sf] PG6La8L dfqfdf c;/ u5{. o;n] Ps ltxfO ePdf /f]u a9\g kfpFb}g / xftuf]8fsf x' g' k 5{ . 8 ] 9 dlxgf b] l v tL g
pTkGg x'g] Ps ljsf/o'Qm kbfy{ xf]. /utdf b]lvG5 To;sf cfwf/df of] l a/f dLs f cf F v fdf c;/ u/L hf]gL{x? lau|g jf af+lug kfpFb}gg\. dlxgfleqdf afy/f] u ePsf] kQf
/utdf o'l/s Pl;8sf] dfq a9\b} hfFbf /f] usf] juL{ s/0f ul/G5. afy/f] u o'ld6fOl6; -cfFvf b'Vg] /ftf] x'g], g]kfndf slt 5g\ afy/f]uL< nfu] df …;] s] G8/L lk| e]G;gÚ ckgfO{
uf]8fsf] a'9L cf}n + f j/k/ / -kl5 cGo lgoGq0fsf nflu nIf0f Pj+ PG6La8Lsf] 3fddf v]g{ ufx|f] x'g]_ u/fpg ;S5. g]kfndf afysf slt la/fdL hl6ntfnfO{ /f]Sglt/ nfUg'k5{.
efudf kl g_ hf ] gL { b' V 5. t/, ;+n Ugtfsf cfwf/df d"N of+sg u/L w] / }h ;f] la/fdLdf of] afy x'g' d f 5g\ eGg] olsg tYof+s 5}g. t/, :jf:Yo vj/ klqsfaf6.
cfddflg;df z/L/sf s'g} x•L tyf pkrf/ ljlw ckgfOG5. Nofa k/LIf0f …PrPnPaL 6\ j fG6L ;] e] gÚ gfds
7'nf hf]gL{ b'Vof] eg] klg o'l/s Pl;8 u/]/ dfq afy/f]u xf]/xf]Og kQf nufpg j+zf0f'sf] e"ldsf x'G5. h;sf sf/0f xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf Û
g} eof] eGg] e|d 5. ;a} hf]gL{sf ;lsG5. ;Gtfgdf klg of] /f]u hfg ;S5.
b'v fO o'l/s Pl;8 x'F b}gg\ . o;sf] oL afx]s g]kfndf Kofnf]6f]O8 n' k;
z'e lbkfjnL @)&^ sf] kfjg cj;/df ;d:t
;'?jft ljz]ifu/L a'9L cf}+nf j/k/sf cf/yfOl6; -ul7of afy_, ?{o'df6fO8 of] ljz] ifu/L hjfg pd] /sf u|fxs ju{df xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf JoQm
hf]gL{af6 x'G5. To;kl5 dfq cGoq cf/yfOl6;, :kf]lG8nf] cf/yfOl6; - dflg; / dlxnfdf ;' ? eO{ nfdf] ub{5f} .
a9\g] xf]. o;df hf]gL{df o'l/s Pl;8sf] 9f8sf] afy_, n'k;, :Sn]/f]8df{ -5fnf ;do;Dd /xg] bL3{ afy/f]u xf]. o;df
dfq hDb} hfg] x'G5 / PSsf;L b'Vg], a f Snf ] x' g ] a f y_ , h' e ] gf On cg'xf/ / z/L/sf cGo efusf] 5fnfdf
;'lGgg], /ftf] x'Fb } hfg] x'G5. o'l/s cf/yfOl6; -s]6fs]6Ldf x' g] afy_ bfu cfpg], d'vdf 3fp cfpg], hf]gL{
Pl;8n] PSsf;L nIf0f b] v fpg] h:tf cGo k|sf/sf afy klg b]lvG5. tyf df+;k]zL b'Vg] , ;'lGgg] / cx|/f]
ePsfn] c;fWo} b' vfpF 5. of] /f]u Kofnf] 6 f] O 8 cf/yfOl6; - x' g ] , s kf n emg] { , Hj /f ] cf pg]
a9\b} uPdf hf]gL{ lalu|g], af+lug], o'l/s ul7of afy_ nufotsf nIf0f b]lvG5. of] /f]u s8f
Pl;8sf 8Nnf 7fpF7 fpF df hDg] / ul7of afyn] d'VotM xft tyf ePdf lduf}{nf, d'6', kmf]S;f], /ut tyf
lduf}{nfsf] sfd lau|g] tyf lduf}{nfdf v' §fsf ;fgf hf]gL{nfO{ c;/ u5{. :gfo' h:tf dxTjk"0 f{ c+udf c;/
kTy/L ;d]t x'g ;S5. ul7of afy k'?ifdf eGbf dlxnfdf u/L Hofg} hf]lvddf kg{ ;S5.
df08jL @)&^÷)^÷@* d+u njf/ ^

h]i7 gful/ssf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf

Jol Qm t y f k l / jf/ n fO{
hLjg:t/df x|f; x'gaf6 ;+/If0f ug{
cfo' a9]sf] b]lvG5.
g]kfndf ^) jif{eGbf dflysf Ho]i7
z'e lbkfjnL @)&^ sf] kfjg
;'ljwf lbg ckgfOPsf ;fj{hlgs /
;fd"lxs Joj:yfnfO{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
gful/ssf] ;+ Vof k| To]s hgu0fgfdf
;+VofTds / cg'kft b'j} lsl;dn] a9\b}
cj;/df ;d:t u| f xs
elgG5. csf]{ cy{df s;}n] sfd ug{
kfPg jf sfd ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf
uO/x]sf] b]lvG5. lj; @)!* df kfFr
nfveGbf sd /x]sf] Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ju{ d f xflb { s d+ u ndo
eof] jf lgoldt cfDbfgLdf s' g } ;+Vofdf kl5Nnf lbgdf tLj| j[l4 ePsf]
sf/0fn] cj/f]w pTkGg eof] eg] To:tf] 5. lj; @)^* sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ of] z'e sfdgf JoQm ub{5f} —
cj:yfdf JolQmnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ eg]/ ;+Vof @! nfv %$ xhf/ $!) k'u]sf]
:yfkgf ul/Psf] k|0ffnLnfO{ ;fdflhs b] lvG5. To:t} lj; @)!* df %=@% sIfktL kl/jf/, jfUb' nf,
;'/ Iff elgG5. ;fdflhs ;'/ Iffdf /x]sf] Ho]i7 gful/ssf] cg'kft lj;
;fdflhs ladf, cfosf] lg/Gt/tf, ;]jf @)^* df j[l4 eO{ *=!$ k|ltzt k'u]sf] Ko"7fg.
/ cfwf/e"t dfgjLo ;'/IffnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5. lj; @)!* df !=&( k|ltzt /x]sf]
x'g'k5{. ;fdflhs ;'/Iff gful/sx¿sf] Ho]i7 gful/sx¿sf] j[l4b/ xfn #=%(
clGtd ;+/Ifs /fHo xf] / hf]lvdk"0f{ k|l tzt k' u]sf] 5. clxn]s} cj:yfdf 8f= xf]dgfy rfln;]
cj:yfdf /x]sf gful/ssf] ;+/If0f ug]{ cfufdL lbgdf klg Ho] i7 gful/ssf] b]lvG5 h'g s'n ah]6sf] emG8} % k|ltzt
bfloTj /fHosf] xf] eGg] l;4fGtdf hg;+Vof j[l4 x'Fb} hfg] xf] eg] ;g\ @)#) hlt x'G5.
cfwfl/t 5. eGbf cufl8g} bf]Aa/ eP/ $# nfv k'Ug] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] cGo y'k|} sfd
;+o 'Qm /fi6«;+ 3sf] ;g\ !($* b]lvG5. ug{ afF s L g] kfnh:tf] cNkljsl;t
sf] ljZjJofkL dfgjflwsf/ 3f] if0ff g]k fndf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] d'n'sn] emG8} kfFr k|ltzt ah]6 JolQmsf]
kqsf] wf/f @@ n] ……;a} hgf ;dfhsf] cj:yf s'g} klg of]ubfgljg} ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf
;b:o ePsf] gftfn], ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] g]kfn blIf0f Pl;ofdf ;a}eGbf vr{ ubf{ cfufdL lbgdf o;sf] a9\bf]
clwsf/ 5æ eg]sf] 5. o;n] ;fdflhs a9L ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf vr{ ug]{ d'n's Joo ef/n] l;Ëf] cy{tGqd} c;/ kfg]{
;' / I ff dfgj clwsf/sf] Pp6f ag]sf] 5. ;/sf/L tYof+s x]g]{ xf] eg] b]lvG5. o:tf ljifonfO{ r'gfjL gf/feGbf
dxQ\jk"0f{ efu xf] eGg] a'emfpF5. kfFr jif{cl3 tLg nfvn] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff klg s;/L lbuf]?kdf s;/L cufl8
klxnf]k6s of] of]hgf cd]l/sfdf eQf kfpFy] eg] clxn] pQm ;+Vof sl/a a9fpg ;lsG5 eGg]tkm{ cy{dGqfno /
/fi6«klt ˆo|f+slng 8L= ?ha]N6n] ;g\ @) nfv /x]sf] 5. o;cg';f/ g]kfndf gLltlgdf{tfn] ljz]if Wofg lbg' cfjZos
!(## df NofPsf lyP. klxnf]k 6s ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQfsf] cj:yf x]g]{ xf] 5.
;+;ßf o;;DaGwL ljw]os c:jLs[t eg] cfly{s jif{ @)%#/)%$ df ? @* cGTodf,
x'Fbf le6f] k|of]u eP/ !(#% af6 sfg'g s/f]8 /x]sf df cfj @)&)÷&! df !! Ho]i7 gful/ssf ;+Vof tLj|¿kdf
nfu' eof]. cd]l/sLx?n] tNnf] txsf ca{ ?k} ofF k' u ] s f] 5. cfly{ s jif{ a9\g] qmddf 5. Ho]i7 gful/ssf] :jf:y
>lds ju{ n fO{ ;fdflhs ;' /Iffdf @)&#÷&$ df @@ nfv *( xhf/ @*@ pkrf/df x'g] vr{ klg a9\b} hfG5. t;y{
g;d]6 \g ] xf] eg] lj›f] x x' G5 eGg]
dx;'; u/]/ of] of]hgf NofOPsf] lyof].
nfO{ ;fdflhs ;'/ Iff eQf lbg] nIo
lyof] / o;cGtu{t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
Ho]i7gful/snfO{ ;x'lnot lbg s;/L
:jf:y aLdftkm{ cfslif{t ug{ ;lsG5
3/hUuf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] ;"rgf
a]nfotdf t !(!! d} Úk]G;g l:sdÚ eQfsf nflu #@ ca{ ^( s/f]8 (( eg]/ ;/sf/n] plrt sfo{qmd NofO{ k|:t't ljifodf Ko"7fg lhNnf Ko"7fg gu/kflnsf j8f g+= & lgjf;L >L
nfu' eO;s]sf] lyof]. ;a} lsl;dsf] nfv (( xhf/ /sd 5'6\ofOPsf] lyof]. pgLx?nfO{ u'0f:t/Lo hLjg lhpg
vr{ /fHon] a]xf]g]{ b]zx¿df ;/sf/n] lj;+ @)^* sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ efUo>L s];Ln] o; sfof{nodf lbg'ePsf] lgj]bg cg';f/ gLhsf] gfddf
;xof]u ug{' cfjZos 5. csf]{ dxQ\jk"0f{
gful/saf6 s/ p7fpF5 / To;} af6 g]kfndf @! nfv %$ xhf/ ^) jif{ ljifo Ho]i7 gful/ssf] bL3{sfnLg ;]jf
;fljs wdf{jtL uflj; j8f g+= ! xfn Ko"7fg gu/kflnsf j8f g+= * df lsQf
vr{ u5{ . clxn] g] k fn ;/sf/n] dflysf Ho] i 7 gful/s l yP. pQm klg xf]. clxn] ;Dd g] kfn ;/sf/n] g+= @$&& -)))^%_, @$&( -)))$$_ @$*! -)))!#_ If]qkmnsf] hUufsf]
j[ 4 j[ 4 fnfO{ lbg] u /] s f] dfl; s @ hgu0fgfcg' ; f/ &) jif{e Gbf a9L j[4cf>d vf]Ng]afx]s o; ljifodf vf;} lgDg cg';f/sf] rf/ lsNnf /x]sf] Joxf]/f l;kmfl/; ul/G5. ;fy} pQm lsQfdf
xhf/eQf s/ p7fP/ lbPsf] xf]. ljwjf pd]/ sf gful/ssf] hg;+V of emG8} * s]xL ;f]r]sf] b]lvFb}g. x'g klg clwsf+z 3/ agfpFbf rf/ lsNnfleq kg]{ ;lwof/x? tyf ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ c;/ kg]{ gkg]{
eQf, ckf+utf eQf h] hlt5g\ tL ;a} nfv hlt x'g cfpF5. ;Q/L jif{dflysf Ho] i 7 gful/s cfcfˆgf] kl/jf/sf jf hUuf ldlrPsf] eP of] ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq lgodfg';f/
p7]sf] s/af6} lbOPsf] xf]. s/df s;}sf] ;a} gful/snfO{ dfl;s b'O{ xhf/ ?k}ofF ;b:o;F u} a;]s f] b] lvG5. t/, a9\b f]
of]ubfg x'G5 / s;}sf] gx'g;S5 t/ lbg] xf] eg] of] /sd emG8} pGgfO{; ca{ bfjL lj/f]w ;lxt lgj]bg k]z ug{ of] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 .
;x/Ls/0f, cfw' lgsLs/0f, o' jfju{s f]
;'ljwf kfpg] a]nf ;a}n] kfpg] x'G5. x'g cfpF5. ;g\ @)&^ ;fn ;Dddf &) j8f g+= lsQf g+= rf/ lsNnf ;fljssf ;lwof/x?
j}b]lzs /f]huf/ df]x / pt} a:g] k|j[lQn]
/fHon] k"/} ga]xf]g]{ cj:yfdf JolQmn] jif{e Gbf dflysf] hg;+V of a9]/ emG8} clxn] g} sltko u|fdL0f Onfsfdf dnfdL * k" j{ uf]/6f] ;8s, cfˆg{} ;8s
l gol dt¿ k df l k | l dod l t /] / !$ nfv hlt k'u]sf] cg'dfg 5. cfly{s hfg] o' jf;d]t kfpg ufx| f] 5. o:tf] * klZrd cfk\mg} hUuf / ;8s
OG:of]/]G;sf] dfWodaf6 o:tf] k|sf/sf] jif{ @)&^÷&& df g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ho]i7 cj:yfdf hLjgsf] pQ/fw{d f k'u ]s f * pQ/ @$#(, @$#&, @$$!
;]jf ;'ljwf k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ / o;df gful/s eQf a9fP/ tLg xhf/ k'ofP{sf] c;xfo, sdhf]/ Ho]i7 gful/ssf] s;/L
s] slt ;]j f ;' ljwf lng] xf] ToxL cj:yfdf jflif{s emG8} %) ca{ ?k}ofF t
* blIf0f @$&*, @$*), @$*@
;xL Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsPnf eGg]
lsl;dn] dlxgfjf/L jf jflif{s¿kdf &) jif{ dflysf Ho] i 7 gful/ssf ljifodf oxL cj:yfdf c¿ d'n'saf6 Ko"7fg gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no
lk|l dod lt/]/ cfkm"nfO{ ;'xfpFbf] jf nfludfq 5' 6\ ofpg' kg]{ b]l vG5. cGo l;s]/ a]n}df a'l4 k'¥ofpg' a]; xf]nf. ljh'jf/, Ko"7fg
cfˆgf] cfly{s Ifdtfcg';f/sf] of]hgf zLif{scGtu{tnfO{ klg ldnfpFbf t of] hfkfgsf] 6f]Sof] ljZjljBfnoaf6
vl/b ug{'k5{. /sd kf}g] va{ glhs k'U5. clxn]sf] !% h]/f]G6f]nf]hLdf ljBfjfl/lw
clxn] &) dflysf Ho]i7 gful/s
-s0ff{nL / blntsf] xsdf ^) jif{ _
va{ # ca{sf] ah]6df g]kfn ;/sf/n]
&! ca{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] nflu 5'§fPsf]
Email: [email protected] 3/hUuf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] ;"rgf
-!@v/L l8lh6n Go'haf6._
ljwjf, cltczQm, cf+l zs czQm k|:t't ljifodf Ko"7fg lhNnf Ko"7fg gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ( lgjf;L >L
ckf+utf x'g] / nf]kf]Gd'v hflth:t} ladnf l3ld/]n] o; sfof{nodf lbg'ePsf] lgj]bg cg';f/ gLhsf] gfddf
s';'08f, agsl/of, /fp6], ;'/]n, xfo', ;ftwfd dWo]sf] Ps wfld{s ;fljs d/G7fgf uflj; j8f g+= @ xfn Ko"7fg gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ( df lsQf
/fhL, ls;fg, n]Kr], d]r]x?nfO{ klg tLy{:yn :ju{4f/L g+= !)$@, sf] @)% ju{ld6/ If]qkmnsf] hUufsf] lgDg cg';f/sf] rf/ lsNnf
;d]l6Psf] 5. To:t} s]xL 5gf]6df k/]sf
lhNnfx?df blntx?sf % jif{d 'lgsf /x]sf] Joxf]/f l;kmfl/; ul/G5. ;fy} pQm lsQfdf 3/ agfpFbf rf/ lsNnfleq
@ hgff;Dd aRrfnfO{ klg dfl;s?kdf kg]{ ;lwof/x? tyf ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ c;/ kg]{ gkg]{ jf hUuf ldlrPsf] eP of]
s]xL /sd pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5. ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq lgodfg';f/ bfjL lj/f]w ;lxt lgj]bg
g] kfndf Ho]i7 gful/ssf] k]z ug{ of] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 .
l:ylt j8f g+= lsQf g+= rf/ lsNnf ;fljssf ;lwof/x?
g]kfndf ljut s]xL bzs otf
( k" j{ lzjf s];L sf] hUuf
:jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kx'Fr;Fu} lzz' / afn
d[To'b/ Pj+ hGdb/df cfPsf] sdLn] ( klZrd dw' s];L sf] hUuf
ubf{ cf};t cfo' w]/} a9]sf] 5. lj; ( pQ/ k|x/L rf}sL
@))(–!) ;fnlt/ g]kfnsf] cf};t ( blIf0f dh'jf cfdkf6f df]6/af6f]
cfo' @&–@* jif{ /x]sf]df clxn] nueu :ju{4f/L hfcf}+, cfGtl/s ko{6gnfO{ k|j4{g u/f}+ Ko"7fg gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no
^ bzsleq of] &! jif{ k' u]s f] 5.
;/b/df k|To]s !=% jif{df ! jif{ cf};t :ju{åf/L cf>d kl/jf/ ljh'jf/, Ko"7fg
df08jL @)&^÷)^÷@* d+u njf/ &

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@)&^ cflZjg @* d+unjf/b]lv sflQs )$ ut] ;f]djf/ ;Dd /]ld6, l/nfojn /]ld6, j]i6 /]ld6, IME
d]i f - r', r], rf], nf, ln, z/L/df cfn:o / ysfgsf] cg'ej
/]ld6, ;d;f/f /]ld6 nufot ljljw /]ld6af6
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cFu fNb} cl3 a9\ g'k g] { ;do 5. xf ] l ;o f/L ;fy s f d l ng' x f ] n f . ljZjsf ljleGg 7fpFdf xfdLdfkm{t lhNNffsf
c¿sf nflu a'l4 / >d vr{g'knf{. anhˆtLsf] Jojxf/n] Joy}{df ;d:of lgDg :yfgaf6 /sd k7fpg ;lsG5.
xNnfsf] kl5 nfUbf b':v kfOg]5. lgDTofpg ;S5. ;ftfsf] cGTodf
tfklg, nugzLntfn] kl/l:yltnfO{ vr{ nfu] klg shf{dfkm{t wg h'6\g]5. vn+uf M dfnkf]t cufl8 ;Dks{ JolQm M d]u/fh k/fh'nL,
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