Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 116 views

    Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

    Uploaded by

    Samirsinh Parmar
    The document discusses different types of metals including ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, and alloys. It covers where metals come from, how they are extracted and processed, their basic properties, and how properties can be changed through processes like alloying and heat treatment. Industrial manufacturing processes for working with metals are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

    Uploaded by

    Samirsinh Parmar
    116 views24 pages
    The document discusses different types of metals including ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, and alloys. It covers where metals come from, how they are extracted and processed, their basic properties, and how properties can be changed through processes like alloying and heat treatment. Industrial manufacturing processes for working with metals are also outlined.

    Original Description:

    Ferrous metals presentation

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses different types of metals including ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, and alloys. It covers where metals come from, how they are extracted and processed, their basic properties, and how properties can be changed through processes like alloying and heat treatment. Industrial manufacturing processes for working with metals are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    116 views24 pages

    Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

    Uploaded by

    Samirsinh Parmar
    The document discusses different types of metals including ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, and alloys. It covers where metals come from, how they are extracted and processed, their basic properties, and how properties can be changed through processes like alloying and heat treatment. Industrial manufacturing processes for working with metals are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 24

    Product Design

    Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

    These icons indicate that teacher’s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page.

    This icon indicates the slide contains activities created in Flash. These activities are not editable.
    For more detailed instructions, see the Getting Started presentation.
    1 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005
    Learning objectives

    To understand where metals come from and how


    Learning objectives

    they are prepared for use.


    To look at examples of ferrous metals, non-ferrous
    metals and alloys, and to know the properties of
    different metals.
    To understand how heat treatment can change the
    properties of metals.
    To be able to use hand tools to work with metals.
    To be familiar with the industrial processes used to
    manufacture metal goods.

    2 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Background on metals

    Metals are common in manufacturing today. From


    building and construction work to vehicles and
    leisure products, they are a vital material for product
    designers and engineers.
    The elements of all metals are found naturally
    in the earth. However, they need to be extracted
    and processed before they can be used for
    manufacturing purposes.
    Because metals in their most basic form are
    natural resources, designers and
    manufacturers need to be careful and
    socially responsible about how much they use,
    and reuse or recycle metals where possible.

    3 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Where do metals come from?
    Metals form part of the earth’s crust as metal ore. To obtain
    useful metals, the metal ore is mined and washed to
    remove other minerals and unwanted materials.
    Iron ore is the basis for most steels. To extract pure iron the
    iron ore is heated in a furnace in a process known as
    smelting.

    4 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Primary processes – rolling

    5 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Primary processes – extrusion

    6 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Stock forms of metals

    Metals are available in several raw forms. Each form is


    suitable for different manufacturing processes depending on
    the type of equipment used, the cost of the metal, the scale
    of production and the properties of the finished product.

    flat strip
    round rod round tube

    square square tube

    hexagonal angle

    octagonal channel
    sheet
    7 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005
    Categories of metals

    Metals can be broken down into these main categories:

    Ferrous Non-ferrous
    metals metals

    Pure metals do
    not contain any

    Pure metals
    Alloys

    Alloys

    other metals or
    elements.

    8 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Ferrous metals

    Ferrous metals are obtained from iron ore. You might


    recognize the letters ‘Fe’ from the periodic table, where they
    represent iron.

    Ferrous facts Ferrous metals:


    Iron replaced bronze as the contain iron
    principal metal by 1000 BC. will corrode unless
    Early pots and pans made from protected
    iron poisoned the users! are attracted by a
    Early steels were made by magnet
    adding carbon to iron as it was are strong, rigid
    melted over a charcoal fire. and cheap.

    9 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    A closer look at ferrous metals

    10 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Non-ferrous metals

    Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron. These are pure


    metals used by designers, manufacturers and engineers in
    a wide variety of applications.

    Non-ferrous facts Non-ferrous metals:


    Aluminium is the most common contain no iron
    non-ferrous metal, found in are not attracted
    abundance in bauxite ore. by a magnet.
    Non-ferrous metals are not
    magnetic.

    11 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    A closer look at non-ferrous metals

    12 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Alloys

    Sometimes ferrous and non-ferrous metals require different


    properties in order to function better in specific situations.
    Alloying metals involves mixing two or more metals and
    other elements to improve their properties.

    Alloying metals can:


    lower the melting point
    alter thermal and electrical properties
    make a material harder for cutting purposes
    improve resistance to corrosion
    help metal to flow better into a cast.

    13 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    A closer look at alloys

    14 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Random alloy generator

    15 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Metals and their properties

    16 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Changing the properties of metals

    17 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Heat treatment – hardening steel

    18 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Heat treatment – tempering

    19 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Heat treatment – annealing

    20 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Working with metals – hand tools

    21 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Industrial processes

    Milling machines are used to remove thin


    layers from a billet (block of material)
    which is clamped to the bed (base) of the
    machine. The material is fed past a cutting
    tool which has many sharp teeth and can
    remove material quickly.

    When manufacturers want to make


    cylindrical products, they use a centre
    lathe. Metals and plastics can be used
    on this machine. The work is held in a
    chuck and a cutting tool is moved
    towards the work while being held in a
    tool holder, mounted on the tool post.

    22 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Finishing techniques

    Several surface finishing techniques can be used on metals.


    The most common ones are detailed below:
    Paint Lacquering
    Surface must be smooth and Helps to prevent corrosion
    de-greased after polishing
    Primer required A layer of cellulose or varnish
    Hammerite is a good one-coat is applied
    metal paint. Often used on jewellery.
    Plastic Coating Enamelling
    Suitable for most metals Powdered glass is melted
    Object is heated and dipped in a onto the metal surface
    tank of powder paint Provides a hard (but brittle)
    Object is returned to oven to finish with different colours
    ensure a smooth, glossy finish. and textures.

    23 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005


    Key points

    Metals are extracted from the earth’s crust and then


    prepared into standard shapes before being sold to
    manufacturers.
    Key points

    Ferrous metals are obtained from iron ore and


    include cast iron and steel. Non-ferrous metals
    include aluminium, copper and tin.
    Alloys, such as brass and stainless steel, are formed
    from two or more metals and other elements.
    Different elements alter the properties of metals.
    Heating metals also alters their properties.
    Metals can be worked with hand and machine tools,
    including milling machines and centre lathes.

    24 of 24 © Boardworks Ltd 2005

    You might also like