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    Experiment No 01

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    محمد جان
    1) The experiment uses Kelvin's method to determine the resistance of a galvanometer by balancing a Wheatstone bridge circuit containing the galvanometer. 2) In Kelvin's method, the galvanometer whose resistance is being measured is also used as an indicator to obtain the balance point of the Wheatstone bridge circuit. 3) By varying the resistances in the ratio arms of the Wheatstone bridge and finding the balance point where the galvanometer shows no deflection, the resistance of the galvanometer (Rg) can be calculated using the formula Rg = QR/P, where Q and P are resistances in the ratio arms and R is the resistance that balances the bridge

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    Experiment No 01

    Uploaded by

    محمد جان
    736 views4 pages
    1) The experiment uses Kelvin's method to determine the resistance of a galvanometer by balancing a Wheatstone bridge circuit containing the galvanometer. 2) In Kelvin's method, the galvanometer whose resistance is being measured is also used as an indicator to obtain the balance point of the Wheatstone bridge circuit. 3) By varying the resistances in the ratio arms of the Wheatstone bridge and finding the balance point where the galvanometer shows no deflection, the resistance of the galvanometer (Rg) can be calculated using the formula Rg = QR/P, where Q and P are resistances in the ratio arms and R is the resistance that balances the bridge

    Original Description:

    Resistance of Galvanonometer

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    1) The experiment uses Kelvin's method to determine the resistance of a galvanometer by balancing a Wheatstone bridge circuit containing the galvanometer. 2) In Kelvin's method, the galvanometer whose resistance is being measured is also used as an indicator to obtain the balance point of the Wheatstone bridge circuit. 3) By varying the resistances in the ratio arms of the Wheatstone bridge and finding the balance point where the galvanometer shows no deflection, the resistance of the galvanometer (Rg) can be calculated using the formula Rg = QR/P, where Q and P are resistances in the ratio arms and R is the resistance that balances the bridge

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    736 views4 pages

    Experiment No 01

    Uploaded by

    محمد جان
    1) The experiment uses Kelvin's method to determine the resistance of a galvanometer by balancing a Wheatstone bridge circuit containing the galvanometer. 2) In Kelvin's method, the galvanometer whose resistance is being measured is also used as an indicator to obtain the balance point of the Wheatstone bridge circuit. 3) By varying the resistances in the ratio arms of the Wheatstone bridge and finding the balance point where the galvanometer shows no deflection, the resistance of the galvanometer (Rg) can be calculated using the formula Rg = QR/P, where Q and P are resistances in the ratio arms and R is the resistance that balances the bridge

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Experiment No.

    01
    To Determine the Resistance of Galvanometer by Kelvin’s Method

    Theory: A post office box is a compact form of the Wheatstone’s bridge. In the instrument
    each of the arms AB & BC contains three of 10, 100 and 1000 Ω respectively as shown in figure.
    These are called ratio arms. The arm AD is the other ratio arm R. The key K1 is connected to the
    point A and the key K2 to the point B internally as shown by the lines drawn on the ebonite
    plate. The unknown, S, is connected between C & D, the battery, E, between C & A through the
    key K1 and the galvanometer, G, between D & B through the key K2. Hence
    P /Q = R / G
    G=RQ/P
    In the Kelvin’s method the same galvanometer whose has to be measured, is also used
    as an indicator for obtaining the balance point. The galvanometer acts as its own indicator for
    obtaining the balance point.

    Apparatus: The apparatus used in the experiment are


    Post Office box
    Galvanometer
    Power Supply
    High Resistance Box
    Connecting Wires.

    1
    Principle: The principle of Kelvin’s Method is the same as for Wheatstone bridge. Now
    according to Wheatstone bridge principle if the ratio of two resistances (R1 / R2) on one edge is
    equal to the ratio of two resistances (R3 / RX) on another edge then there will be no flow of
    current between the midpoints of the two edges of resistance. This condition of the bridge is
    known as the Balanced Bridge Condition. In the Balanced Bridge condition the current flow
    through the Galvanometer is zero. In Wheatstone bridge experiment one resistor should always
    be variable in order to obtain a balanced condition.

    Figures:

    Figure 1 Figure 2

    Mathematical Equation:
    I1 - Ig = I3
    I2 + Ig = I4

    If the bridge is balance mean: Ig=0


    Then
    I1 = I3 ------------------ Eq (1)
    2
    I2 = I4 ------------------ Eq (2)
    VAB = VAD
    I1P = I2P -------------- Eq (3)
    VBC = VDC
    I3Q = I4X ------------- Eq (4)
    Divide Eq (3) by Eq (4)
    I1P / I3Q = I2R / I4X
    We get
    X=QR/P
    Rg = Q R / P

    Procedure: The point C and point D of Post Office Box is connected by wires to
    Galvanometer both terminals. The point C of Post Office Box is also connected to High
    Resistance Box and the other end of High Resistance Box is connected to the Battery (Negative
    Terminal). The positive terminal of Battery is connected to Key 1 of Post Box Office. The point D
    of Post Box Office is connected to Key 2. According to Wheatstone bridge the circuit is
    assembled as shown below.
    From Post Box Office “P” and “Q” resistors, screws of 10 ohms are removed from each.
    Pressed the Key 1 and the deflection of Galvanometer is reached to 30, then from High
    Resistance Box a screw is removed which minimized the deflection from 30 to 10. Key 2 is
    pressed which showed the deflection. Then the screws from resistor “R” are removed one by
    one with pressing both keys (K1 and K2) and where no deflection was shown that is the point
    where the whole circuit is balanced. It gave the value of ‘’R’.’ Calculated the resistance of
    Galvanometer.
    Again From Post Box Office “P” 100 ohms and from “Q” 100 ohms are removed from
    each. Pressed the Key 1 and the deflection of Galvanometer is reached to 30, then from High
    Resistance Box a screw is removed which minimized the deflection from 30 to 10. Key 2 is
    pressed which showed the deflection. Then the screws from resistor “R” are removed one by
    one with pressing both keys (K1 and K2) and where no deflection was shown that is the point
    where the whole circuit is balanced. It gave the value of ‘’R”. Calculated the resistance of
    Galvanometer.
    The whole process is repeated 4 times by changing the values of “P” and “Q” and value of
    “Rg“ is calculated.

    3
    Observation and Calculation:

    S.No P (ohms) Q (ohms) R (ohms) Rg = QR/P


    1 10 10 20 20 Ω
    2 100 100 20 20 Ω
    3 1000 10 2110 21.1 Ω
    4 1010 100 210 20.8 Ω

    Precautions:
    (i) Clean the connecting wires.
    (ii) All connections should be neat and tight.
    (iii) The screws of the instruments may not be loose.
    (iv) All the plugs should be properly tight.
    (v) K1 should be pressed first and thereafter K2.
    (vi) P ≥ Q (always).

    Result: The resistance of Galvanometer is 20Ω.

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