Chemistry: 9th Ch:6 Solutions

Chapter 6 : Solutions
Q1). Why solutions are important for us?
We encounter many substances in our daily life such as air, soft drinks, juices, shampoo, petrol, natural
gas, diesel, kerosene, cough syrup and many others these substances are solutions.
Most of the chemical reactions that take place in the bodies of living organisms occur in aqueous solutions.
Brass, steel, German silver are also solutions. These solutions are widely used for making cooking utensils,
surgical tools, cutlery, musical instruments and many other objects.
Q2). Distinguish between a solution, aqueous solution, solute and solvent and give characteristics of a
solution.
Solution:
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of substances that has uniform composition throughout.
Solute:
In a solution the substance that is present in lesser amount is called solute.
Solvent:
The substance that is present in larger amount in a Solution is called solvent. Examples: Air is a solution
containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and number of trace gases. In this solution oxygen, CO, and
trace gases are solutes, since they are present in lesser quantities whereas nitrogen is solvent, since it is
present in larger amount. Example, if you dissolve 10 g sugar in 100 g of water you will get sugar solution.
Here sugar.is solute and water is solvent.
Q3). What is an Aqueous solution.
A solution in which water is solvent is called an aqueous solution. The word aqueous is derived from the
Latin word aqua meaning water. Aqueous solutions are frequently used to dispense substances such as
medicines.

Q4). Define Saturated, unsaturated, supersaturated solutions and dilution of solution.

Saturated solution: The solution which cannot dissolve more solute at a particular temperature is called a
saturated solution.
Unsaturated solution: A solution which can dissolve more of the solute at a given temperature is called an
unsaturated solution.
Supersaturated solution: A solution that contains more of the solute than is contained in the saturate
solution is called supersaturated solution
Examples: Take 100g water in a beaker. Add a tea spoon of sugar in it. Stirr it, the sugar will dissolve.
Repeat the process the added sugar will again dissolve in it. This means solution is unsaturated. Go on
adding sugar in the above solution till it starts settling down at the bottom of the beaker at a particular
temperature. This means solution is saturated.
Now heat the solution, stirr it. add more sugar, it will dissolve. Go on adding more sugar and stirr it. A stage
will reach when no more sugar will dissolve and will start settling down at the bottom of the beaker. This
solution is called supersaturated solution.
Q5). How will you know whether a solution is saturated or supersaturated?
A supersaturated solution is not stable in the presence of crystals of solute. If you add a crystal of sodium
thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) to its saturated solution, it will simply drop to the bottom, without dissolving, But if
you add a crystal of sodium thiosulphate to a supersaturated solution of sodium thiosulphate
,crystallization will start. When crystallization has finished, you will have a saturated solution in presence of
sodium thiosulphate crystals, shows the crystallization from a supersaturated solution of sodium
thiosulphate.
Q6) List three main types of solutions?
Following are the main types of solution
i. Solutions of gases ii. Solutions of liquids iii. Solutions of solids

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Chemistry: 9th Ch:6 Solutions
Q7). Explain solutions of gases with examples? OR Explain the importance of solution of gases in daily
life?
Solutions of gases:
Gaseous solutions are commonly used by chemical industries to prepare chemical substances.
>Importance of solution of gases:
Preparation of ammonia gas:
A gaseous mixture of Nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) is used to prepare ammonia gas (NH3). Ammonia is
used to prepare fertilizers and nitric acid. For preparing fertilizer, Urea, a gaseous mixture of NH3 and CO2
is used
Preparation of nitric acid:
For preparing nitric acid, mixture of NH3, gas and oxygen gas is used. In alt these cases a gaseous mixture
or solution of gases is used. In these solutions, solute and solvent both are gases. The gas which is present
in greater proportion is solvent and the other gas is solute. We can identify this solution as gas in gas.
Gases when dissolved in liquid also produce some important solutions
Survival of aquatic life:
For example water dissolves small amount of air giving a solution whose oxygen content (solute) is
important for the survival of fish and other aquatic animals
Carbonated drinks:
Carbon dioxide gas dissolves readily in water, for this reason it is used in making carbonated drinks.
Production of vegetable ghee:
In food industries, vegetable oil is converted into vegetable ghee by passing H2 gas through the oil. Finely
divided Ni (Nickel) is used as catalyst. Ni accelerates this process by adsorbing H2 gas on its surface,
producing a solution
Q8). What is Ozone ? What is the importance of Ozone Gas ?
Ozone is found in the upper atmosphere. It has an important biological function. It prevents most of sun's
ultraviolet solar radiation from reaching the earth surface. Ultraviolet radiation causes changes in the
structure of the genetic material, like DNA. Long exposure to this radiation can cause cancer.
Q9). Explain solutions of liquids with examples? OR Explain the importance of solution of liquids in
daily life?
Solutions of liquids:
Solution of liquid in gas, liquid or solid solvents are also very common Examples:
Fog:
Fog is a solution of water vapours in air. Other examples of similar solutions are clouds, mist etc. In these
solutions solute is in the liquid state and solvent in the gaseous state.
Rectified spirit:
Fermentation of cane sugar produces 95% v/v of ethyl alcohol called rectified spirit. This means every 100
cm of this solution contains 95 cm ethyl alcohol and 5 cm water.
Vinegar:
Vinegar is 5% m/m aqueous solution of acetic acid. In these solutions solute is a liquid dissolved in another
liquid. We call such a solution as liquid in liquid solution.
Amalgam:
The metal mercury (Hg) is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature. It dissolves a number of
metals to give a solution called amalgam. A solution of any metal in mercury is called an amalgam.
Dental filling:
Silver and tin amalgams are widely used to make dental filling. When silver or tin is dissolved in mercury, it
forms a semi solid amalgam that can be shaped to fill a cavity. On standing it forms a hard solid and
expands slightly. Therefore, it tightly fits within the cavity. Thus in amalgams solute is a liquid and solvent is
solid, we call such a solution as liquid in solid.
Q10). Explain solutions of solids with examples? OR Explain the importance of solution of solids in daily
life?
Solutions of solids:
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Chemistry: 9th Ch:6 Solutions
We must have observed smoke as it spreads into the air forming solution that contains solid carbon
particles. In this solution solid particles are solute and air is solvent. We call such a solution as solid in gas.
Minerals dissolved in water:
Water dissolves a wide range of substances. It dissolves many minerals in small amounts.
For instance it dissolves limestone, which is a common component of well water. It contains dissolved salts
such as NaCl. You also prepare many solutions by dissolving solid substances in water, such as common
salt, sugar etc.
Intravenous solution:
In Laboratories mostly solutions are prepared by dissolving solid substances in water. 0.85% m/m NaCl
solution is used in intravenous solution that is given to persons suffering from dehydration. Such solutions
that contain solid solute dissolved in a liquid are called as solids in liquids.
Preparation of alloys:
We often prepare a solution of solid in solid because they are used commercially.
Alloy of gold and copper:
For example, pure gold is very soft, therefore cannot be used for making Jewelry. To make it harder,
copper is added to the gold. This produces a solid solution of gold that melts at lower temperature than
pure gold. Therefore, it is easier to cast
Most commercial metals are examples of solid solutions of various metals called alloys.
Brass:
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
Steel:
Steel is an alloy of iron containing small amounts of carbon and silicon. Many naturally occurring
gemstones are solid solutions. For example Ruby. Opal, in these solutions a solid solute dissolves in a solid
solvent. We call these solutions as solids in solids.
Q11). Explain nine types of solution with examples?
Types of solutions:
There are nine types of solution.
Nine types of solutions
Solute Solvent State of resulting solution Examples
Gas Gas Gas Air
Gas Liquid Liquid Soda Water
Gas Solid Solid H2 absorbed on Ni, Pb , Pd
Liquid Gas Gas Mist, fog, clouds
Liquid Liquid Liquid Alcohol in water
Liquid Solid Solid Amalgams
Solid Gas Gas Carbon particles in air
Solid Liquid Liquid Sugar in water
Solid Solid Solid Alloys

Q12).Define Concentration
The quantity of a solute present in a given amount of solvent or solution is called concentration of solution.
Q13). Write the difference between a dilute and a concentrated solution?
Difference between a dilute and a concentrated solution:
A dilute solution is that whose concentration is relatively low while a concentrated solution is that solution
whose concentration is relatively high.
Q12) Write the names of the concentration units of a solution?
i. Percentage % ii. Molarity M
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Q14) Give the detail of percentage % compositions with specific examples.

Percentage % composition:
By the percentage of a solution we mean the mass or volume of solute dissolved in 100 g or 100 cm of
solution.
Examples:
Commercially available solutions that contain the maximum available concentration of solutes are referred
as concentrated solutions. For example commercially available concentrated H2SO4, is 98% and conc. HCI is
37%. This means concentrated H2SO4 contains 98g H2SO4 in 100g of solution and concentrated solution of
HCl contains 37g HCl in 100g of solution
Thus percentage is the unit of concentration that specifies the quantity of solute in 100 parts of solution.
Quantity of solute and solvent can be expressed by mass in grams or volume in cm.
10 % m/m concentration:
For example, if you dissolve 10 g NaCl in 90 g water to make 100 g of solution, the concentration of
solution will be 10% m/m.
10 % v/v concentration:
But if you dissolve 10 cm of alcohol in sufficient water to make 100 cm of solution, the solution will be 10%
v/v. 10% m/v concentration:
If you dissolve 10g NaCl in sufficient water to make 100 cm solution, the resulting solution will be 10% m/v.
10% v/m concentration:
If you dissolve 10 cm of alcohol in water to make 100 g of solution, the solution will be 10% v/m.
Therefore, there are four ways to express percentage of solutions.
Q15) Write four ways to express percentage of solutions.
> Four ways to express percentage of solutions:
(i) Mass by mass percent:
It is the mass of the solute dissolved per 100 parts by mass of solution.
M Mass of Solute
% by mass ( M ) = Mass of Solution X 100
(ii) Mass by volume percent:
It is the mass of the solute dissolved per 100 parts by volume of solution.
M Mass of solute
% of solution ( V ) = Volume of Solution X 100
(iii) Volume by mass percent:
It is the volume of a solute dissolved per 100 parts by mass of solution
V Volume of solution
% of Solution ( M ) = Mass of solute X 100
(iv) Volume by volume percent:
It is the volume of the solute dissolved per 100 parts by volume of solution
V Volume of solute
% of Solution ( V ) = Volume of solution X 100
Q16) A saline solution is administered intravenously to a person suffering from severe dehydration. This
is labeled as 0.85% m/v of NaCl. What does it mean?
0.85% m/v concentration:
If you dissolve 0.85 g NaCl in sufficient water to make 100 cm solution, the resulting solution will be 0.85%
m/v

Q17). If you read label on the bottle of concentrated H2SO4 you will notice 98% H2So4, by mass and also
18M H2SO4 What does 18M stands for ?
This means there are 18 moles of H2SO4, in each dm3 of solution. Similarly conc. HCI is 37% and 12.1 M
HCI. This means there are 12. 1 moles of HCI in each dm3 of solution
Q18). Define molarity and give its units.
Molarity (M):
Molarity is the concentration unit in which amount of solute is expressed in moles and quantity of solution
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indm3. "Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per dm3 of solution"
Formula of Molarity:
Number of moles of solute
Molarity (M) =
Volume of solution in dm3
Mass of Solute 1
Molarity (M) = Molar mass of solute X Volume of Solution in dm3
Mass of Solute 1000
Molarity (M) = Molar mass of solute X Volume of solution in cm3

Units of Molarity: mol dm -3

Q19). Potassium chlorate (KCIO3) is a white solid. It is used in making matches and dyes. Calculate the
molarity of solution that contains.
a) 1.5 moles of this compound dissolved in 250 cm of solution
250
Volume of solution in dm3 = 1000 dm3 = 0.25 dm3
Number of moles = 1.5 motes
Molarity (M) = ?
Number of moles
Molarity (M) = Volume of solution in dm3

Molarity (M) = 6M
b) 75 g of this compound dissolved to produce 1.25 dm3 of solution.
Mass of solute KCIO3 = 75 g
Molar mass of solute KCIO3 = 39 + 35.5 +48 = 122.5 g
Volume of solution = 1.25dm = 1.25 x 1000 = 1250 cm 3
Molarity (M) = ?
Mass of Solute 1000
Molarity (M) = Molar mass of solute X Volume Of solution in cm3
Molarity (M) = 0.49 M

Q20). Sodium hydroxide solutions are used to neutralize acids and in the preparation of soaps and rayon.
If you dissolve 25g of NaOH to make 1 dm of solution, What is the molarity of this solution?

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Q21) A solution of NaOH has concentration 1.2M. Calculate the mass of NaOH in g/dm in this solution.

Q22). A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of hemoglobin in enough water to make up 1 dm in

volume. Calculate molarity of this solution. Molar mass of hemoglobin is 6.51x104 g/mole

Q23). How can you prepare 500cm of 0.2M KMnO4 solution.

Q24). How can you prepare 25cm of 0.25M solution of CuSO4.5H20. (Blue vitriol).

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Chemistry: 9th Ch:6 Solutions

(a) Weigh out 1.56 g of CuSO4.5H20.(0.00625 moles)

(b) Add this solid into a beaker, add some water to dissolve it.
(c)Transfer this solution to the 25 cm3 volumetric flask and add more water
(c) Keep adding water until the volume of solution rises to the etched line and mix the solution. This is
desired solution.

Q25). A stock solution of hydrochloric acid is 12.1 M. Of How many cm3 of this solution should you use to
prepare 500 cm' of 0.1 M HCI.

Q26). Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is a red-orange compound. It is a strong oxidizing agent and is
used in the estimation of iron content in ores. A stock solution is 2.5M K2Cr 2O7. How many cm3 of this
solution you need to dilute to make 50 cm3 of 0.05 M K2Cr2O7.

Q27). Commercial acetic acid is 17.8 molar. How can you convert this into 0.1 M acetic acid.
Molarity of given Acetic acid M1 = 17.8 M
Molarity of Acetic Acid required M2 = 0.1 M
Volume of Acetic Acid Required V1 = ?

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Chemistry: 9th Ch:6 Solutions
Volume of Acetic Acid needed V2 = 1000 cm3

We can convert 17.8 molar of commercial acetic acid into 0.1 M acetic acid by adding water up to the mark
and mix in a 1000 cm3 volumetric by adding 5.62 cm3 of acetic acid.
Q28). Define solubility. How does nature of solute and solvent determine the extent of dissolution?
Solubility:
The amount of solute that dissolves in 100g of a solvent at a particular temperature is called its solubility.
OR.
Solubility of a substance in a particular solvent at a definite temperature is the maximum amount of the
solute in grams that can dissolve in 100 grams of the solvent to form a saturated solution.
Examples:
The solubility of sodium chloride (NaCl) in 100 g of water at 100°C is 39.12 g.
The solubility of silver chloride (AgCl) in 100 g water at 100°C is 0.0021 g.
NaCl is much more soluble in water than AgCl.
Nature of solute and solvent determine the extent of dissolution:
>Solubility and solute-solvent interaction:
(i) "Like dissolves like”:
It has been observed that non-polar covalent solutes are soluble in non-polar covalent solvents while ionic
and polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents. This generalizes the solubility rule that “like dissolves like".
(ii) Solubility of ionic and polar compounds:
It means that the solubility of a solute in a solvent depends upon the nature of both. The ionic and polar
compounds like NaCl and HCl are more soluble in water than non-polar covalent compounds like CS2 and
CCl4
(iii) Solubility of non-polar covalent compounds:
The non-polar covalent compounds freely dissolve in non-polar covalent solvents like CCl4 and benzene,
etc. Iodine is freely soluble in CCI4, because both the solute and the solvent are non-polar and their
intermolecular attractions are of the same order. Waxes and fats are soluble in benzene and not in water
The molecules of non-polar covalent substances like benzene (C6H6). carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), have
their dipole moments very close to zero. So, they have weak van der Waal's forces
(iv) Non-polar substances like C6H6 and CCl4 are immiscible in polar solvents like H2O:
polar covalent substances, like water have permanent dipoles. These permanent dipoles are responsible
for strong intermolecular attractions among water molecules. So non-polar substances like C6H6 and CCl4
are immiscible in polar solvents like H2O . This is due to the reason that the attraction of a water molecule
is much greater for one another than the attraction between water and C 6H6 (Benzene) molecules.

Q29). How does the change of temperature affect the solubility of certain compounds in water?
Effect of temperature on solubility:
Change of temperature can change the solubility of a solute in a solvent. It may increase or decrease.
Consider the compounds such as KNO3, KCI, AGNO; and Kl etc. Heat is absorbed when solutions of these
substances are formed in water. When these substances are dissolved, the vessel cools down. The reason
is that during dissolution the heat of solvent and the vessel is taken up in the process of solution
formation. Whenever temperature of such solution is increased, solubilities of solutes increase
A few substances like lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, etc., dissolve in water with
the evolution of heat. Their solubilities -decrease by increase of temperature. Such solutions are warmed
up along with the vessel. The solubility of NaCl in water is least affected by change of temperature. The
reason is that a very small amount of heat is absorbed during the solution formation
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Q30). It is a well-known fact that "like dissolves like". Give various examples to support your answer.
"Like dissolves like:
It has been observed that non-polar covalent solutes are
soluble in non-polar covalent solvents while ionic and
polar solutes. dissolve in polar solvents. This generalizes
the solubility rule that like dissolves like". Solubility of
ionic and polar compounds:
It means that the solubility of a solute in a solvent
depends upon the nature of both The ionic and polar
compounds like NaCl and HCl are more soluble in water
than non-polar covalent compounds like CS2, and CCl4
Solubility of non- polar covalent compounds
The non-polar covalent compounds freely dissolve in non-polar covalent solvents like CCl4 and benzene,
etc. iodine is freely soluble in CCI4, because both the solute and the solvent are non-polar and their
intermolecular attractions are of the same order. Waxes and fats are soluble in benzene and not in water.
So non-polar substances like C6H6 and CCl4 are immiscible in polar solvents like H2O This is due to the
reason that the attraction of a water molecule is much greater for one another than the attraction
between water and benzene (C6H6) molecules

Q31). Explain the solubility and solute-solvent interactions with the example of hydrogen bonding
between water and methanol molecules. OR Explain how methanol and water are miscible?
Solubility and solute-solvent interactions:
“like dissolves like” is a guiding rule when considering the solubility of Substances
Methanol readily dissolves in water. Water molecules are polar. Two H atoms bonded to an O-atom are
slightly positively charged and O-atom has a slightly negative charge Water molecules form hydrogen
bonds with one another Methanol molecules are also polar and exhibit hydrogen-bonding. This means
water and methanol molecules have similar structures and intermolecular forces. They can form hydrogen
bonds with each other. Thus methanol and water are miscible. Similarly glucose, whose molecule has
many-O-H bonds, is very soluble in water
Q32). Explain the solubility and solute-solvent interactions with the example of attraction of Na+ and Cl-
ions for water molecules. OR Explain the attraction of Na+1 and Cl-1 ions for water molecules?
When we place a crystal of sodium chloride in water, it dissolves. Sodium chloride in an ionic compound.
The negative end of water molecules is attracted to sodium ions and the positive end of water molecules is
attracted to chloride ions These attractive forces are strong enough to overcome the strong attractions

that exist between ions in NaCl. Thus sodium chloride dissolves

readily

Q33). Why gasoline and oils do not dissolve in water?

Gasoline and oils do not dissolve in water. Look into the nature of gasoline and oil molecules. Gasoline and
oil molecules are non-polar in nature, the attraction between a water molecule and oil or gasoline
molecule is very weak, so these liquids are insoluble in water. But Gasoline and oil, which have similar non-
polar molecules, are soluble in one another.

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Thus we conclude substances that have similar structures and intermolecular forces tend to be soluble.
Whereas substances that have dissimilar structures and intermolecular forces are insoluble.
Q34). Sodium Chloride and glucose both are soluble in water. But the Solubility of NaCl is greater than
glucose. Explain why?
The solubility of sodium chloride in water is far greater than that of glucose. This is due to the fact that the
attraction of sodium (Na+1) and chloride (Cl-1) ions with water is greater than that of glucose molecules
with water.

Q35). In which liquid of each of the following pairs you would expect KCI, an ionic solid, to be more
soluble.
(a) H2O or CCI
H2O due to its high dielectric constant (polar nature), breaks the crystal lattice in between K+1 and Cr-1
Therefore KCl dissolves in H2O.
According to the general principle "Like dissolve like". As water is polar solvent and carbon tetra chloride
(CCl4) is non polar, therefore, KCI will not dissolve in CCl4
(b) CH3OH (Methanol) or Benzene
KCI is soluble in CH3OH (Methanol) due to hydrogen bonding. According to the general principle "Like
dissolve like". As KCl is ionic and benzene (C6H6) is non polar, therefore, benzene will not dissolve in KCl.
Q30).Which of the following pairs of liquids are miscible?
(a) Water and benzene:
According to the general principle "Like dissolve like". As water is polar solvent and benzene (C 6H6) is non
polar, therefore, benzene will not dissolve in water. Therefore water and benzene are not miscible.
(b) Benzene and CCl4:
According to the general principle "Like dissolve like". As benzene is non polar solvent and CCl4 is also non
polar, therefore, benzene and CCl4 are miscible.
(c) An oil and benzene:
According to the general principle "Like dissolve like". As benzene is non polar solvent and oil is also non
polar, therefore, benzene and oil are miscible.
Q36). Explain the effect of temperature on solubility with the help of solubility curves?
OR Explain the variation of solubility with temperature?
Variation of solubility with temperature:
If we add 34.7 g of KCl to 100 g of water at 20°C, it will dissolve. If we add more than 34.7 g of KCl at 20 °C,
it will not dissolve. However, if we increase temperature it will readily dissolve. Keep on adding more KCl
and increase temperature.
We will observe that 56.7 g of KCl dissolves in 100 g of water at 100°C, when temperature of this solution is
decreased to 20 °C, 22.0 g of KCI will crystallize out. This means temperature has a profound effect on the
solubility of a substance. Fig. shows variation of solubility with temperature
Solubility of ionic compounds:
The solubility of an ionic compound generally increases with the increase in temperature.
Solubility of Na2SO4 decreases with increase in temperature.
However, solubility of some solids decreases with temperature For instance, solubility of Na2SO4
decreases with increase in temperature
Solubility of gases with increasing temperature:
Heat water in a beaker, you will see small bubbles form at the side of the beaker before the water boils.
These bubbles are composed of air. Since, air is less soluble in hot water than in cold water, air comes out
of water in the form of bubbles This means solubility of air in water decreases with increasing
temperature. You might have observed in a home aquarium, that the fish shows signs of stress on a hot
day. This is because less oxygen from air dissolves in the warm water
Solubility Graph :

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Q37). What are true solutions explain with example?

True solution:
A true solution is a homogeneous mixture in which the particles are individual molecules or ions
distributed evenly throughout the surrounding fluid.
Properties of true solution:
Sizes of these particles are between 0.1 - 1 nm (1 nm = 10°m). Therefore these particles cannot be seen by
the naked eye. ordinary microscope and electron microscope. These particles can pass through ordinary
and ultra filter papers. A solution is unable to scatter light
Examples: Dissolution of sodium Chloride or copper Sulphate in water.
Q38). What are colloids explain with example?
Colloids:
A heterogeneous mixture of tiny particles of a substance dispersed through a medium is called a colloid.
Examples:
Fog and dust particles suspended in air are colloids. Milk, butter, cheese. jam jellies, halva, mayonnaise, are
other examples of colloids.
Note:
Colloids differ from true solution in scattering light. True solutions cannot scatter light
Properties of colloids:
Colloids are generally opaque but some are transparent as well. The size of colloidal particles varies from
1-10 nm (1nm = 10m). These particles can only be seen under electron microscope. Colloids can scatter
light.
Q39). Why Medicine Bottles are shaken before using ?
Many medicine bottles contain an insoluble solid in water. The bottle has to be shaken before use to
produce a suspension, so that the solid is spread evenly throughout the bottle and the patient takes the
correct amount of the medicine.
Q40). What do you mean by suspension explain with example?
Suspensions:
Such a heterogeneous mixture containing particles large enough to be seen with the naked eye and clearly
distinct from the surrounding fluid is called a suspension Examples: A mixture of black board chalk in
water Smoke mud emulsion, clay, sand in water
Properties of suspension:
Particles of a suspension are bigger than 10 nm and cannot pass through ordinary filter paper. Because of
their large size, they can scatter light like colloids
Q41). Compare the true solution, colloidal solution and suspension in all respects.
Comparison of properties of solutions, suspension and colloids:
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S.No True Solutions Suspensions Colloids
1. Homogenous Heterogeneous Heterogeneous
2. Particles size vary from Particle size is greater than Particle size vary from 1 to 103 nm
from 0.1 to 1 nm 103 nm
3. Particles are invisible by Particles are visible by naked Particles are invisible by naked eye
naked eye, ordinary eye and in ordinary microscope but
microscope as well as visible under electron microscope
electron microscope
4. Particles can pass through Particles cannot pass through Particles can pass through ordinary
ordinary as well as ultra ordinary as well as ultra filter filter paper but cannot pass through
filter paper paper ultra filter paper
5. Cannot scatter light Scatter light Scatter light
6. Examples: Dissolution of Examples: A mixture of black Examples: Starch solution, white of
Sodium Chloride or board chalk in water , smoke an egg, Gelatin, Glue , gums , Milk ,
Copper Sulphate in water mud, emulsion, clay, sand in Rubber, fog, dust in air, jellies ,
water paints, blood and starch in water

Q42). Give uses and importance of solution in our daily life-

Most of the substances we need for our existence are solutions. The air we breathe is a gaseous solution
containing N2 . O2 . CO2 and rare gases. The water we use for drinking, cooking and washing is not pure. It
contains dissolved gases and many minerals that are essential for our health. In fact natural water is a
liquid solution. Beverages, vinegar, soft drinks etc are liquid solutions. Commercial products such as
window cleaners, sanitary cleaner, shampoo, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc are also liquid solutions. Most
medicines are dispensed in solution form. We also use many solid solutions in our daily lives. Gold is a solid
solution of gold containing some copper. Brass and steel used for making utensils, musical instruments,
buses, cars, trains etc are solid solution of metals Parts of airplane are made of solid solution of metals
such as Al and Mg Dental fillings are liquid solutions of metals in mercury.
Q43) Does Gasoline dissolve is water ? Give reason- OR why do oils do not dissolve in water ?
Gasoline and oils do not dissolve in water. The reason is because the nature of Gasoline and oils is Non-
polar in nature. As water is polar, therefore, the attraction between water molecule and Gasoline or oils is
very weak.so that’s why these liquids are not soluble in water,

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