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    SUN Algebra

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    CarlosSanMillan
    The document summarizes key aspects of SU(N) algebra: 1) SU(N) is the group of unitary matrices with determinant 1. Its generators are hermitian, traceless matrices that satisfy commutation relations. 2) For N=2, the generators are the Pauli matrices, and for N=3 they are the Gell-Mann matrices. 3) The generators satisfy anticommutation relations involving structure constants that are totally symmetric.

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    SUN Algebra

    Uploaded by

    CarlosSanMillan
    53 views1 page
    The document summarizes key aspects of SU(N) algebra: 1) SU(N) is the group of unitary matrices with determinant 1. Its generators are hermitian, traceless matrices that satisfy commutation relations. 2) For N=2, the generators are the Pauli matrices, and for N=3 they are the Gell-Mann matrices. 3) The generators satisfy anticommutation relations involving structure constants that are totally symmetric.

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    The document summarizes key aspects of SU(N) algebra: 1) SU(N) is the group of unitary matrices with determinant 1. Its generators are hermitian, traceless matrices that satisfy commutation relations. 2) For N=2, the generators are the Pauli matrices, and for N=3 they are the Gell-Mann matrices. 3) The generators satisfy anticommutation relations involving structure constants that are totally symmetric.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    53 views1 page

    SUN Algebra

    Uploaded by

    CarlosSanMillan
    The document summarizes key aspects of SU(N) algebra: 1) SU(N) is the group of unitary matrices with determinant 1. Its generators are hermitian, traceless matrices that satisfy commutation relations. 2) For N=2, the generators are the Pauli matrices, and for N=3 they are the Gell-Mann matrices. 3) The generators satisfy anticommutation relations involving structure constants that are totally symmetric.

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    of 1

    APPENDIX A: SU (N ) ALGEBRA

    SU(N) is the group of N × N unitary matrices, UU † = U † U = 1, with det U = 1.


    The generators of the SU(N) algebra, T a (a = 1, 2, . . . , N 2 − 1), are hermitian, traceless
    matrices satisfying the commutation relations
    [T a , T b ] = if abc T c , (A.1)
    the structure constants f abc being real and totally antisymmetric.
    The fundamental representation T a = λa /2 is N-dimensional. For N = 2, λa are the
    usual Pauli matrices, while for N = 3, they correspond to the eight Gell-Mann matrices:
    ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
    ⎜
    0 1 0 ⎟ ⎜
    0 −i 0 ⎟ ⎜
    1 0 0 ⎟ ⎜
    0 0 1 ⎟
    1 2 3 4
    λ =⎜ 1 0 0 ⎟ , λ =⎜ i 0 0 ⎟, λ = ⎜ 0 −1 0 ⎟, λ =⎜ 0 0 0 ⎟ ,
    ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
    ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
    (A.2)
    ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
    0 0 −i ⎟ 0 0 0 ⎟ 0 0 0 ⎟ 1 0 0
    ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ 1 ⎜ ⎟
    λ5 = ⎜ 0 0 0 ⎟ , λ6 = 0 0 1 ⎟ 7 8
    , λ = ⎜ 0 0 −i ⎟, λ = √ ⎜ 0 1 0 ⎟.
    ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
    ⎜
    ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ 3⎝ ⎠
    i 0 0 0 1 0 0 i 0 0 0 −2
    They satisfy the anticommutation relation
    ' ( 4 ab
    λa , λb = δ IN + 2dabc λc , (A.3)
    N
    where IN denotes the N-dimensional unit matrix and the constants dabc are totally sym-
    metric in the three indices.
    For SU(3), the only non-zero (up to permutations) f abc and dabc constants are
    1 123 1 1 1
    f = f 147 = −f 156 = f 246 = f 257 = f 345 = −f 367 = √ f 458 = √ f 678 = ,
    2 3 3 2
    1
    d146 = d157 = −d247 = d256 = d344 = d355 = −d366 = −d377 = , (A.4)
    2
    1
    d118 = d228 = d338 = −2d448 = −2d558 = −2d688 = −2d788 = −d888 = √ .
    3
    The adjoint representation of the SU(N) group is given by the (N 2 − 1)×(N 2 − 1)
    matrices (TAa )bc ≡ −if abc . The relations
    ) * 1
    Tr λa λb = 4TF δab , TF = ,
    2
    N2 − 1
    (λa λa )αβ = 4CF δαβ , CF = , (A.5)
    2N
    Tr(TAa TAb ) = f acd f bcd = CA δab , CA = N ,
    define the SU(N) invariants TF , CF and CA . Other useful properties are:
    2 ) *
    (λa )αβ (λa )γδ = 2δαδ δβγ − δαβ δγδ ; Tr λa λb λc = 2(dabc + if abc ) ;
    N
    N 4
    , -
    Tr(TAa TAb TAc ) = i f abc ; abb abc ebc
    +
    d = 0; d d = N− δae ; (A.6)
    2 b N
    f abe f cde + f ace f dbe + f ade f bce = 0 ; f abe dcde + f ace ddbe + f ade dbce = 0 .

    46

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