Consulta Numero 3

1
“Design for X”
Daniel Felipe Ardila Guerrero – 201520017602

Camilo Andrés Mosquera Martínez–
Manuel Mauricio Ortiz Rivera – 201520007602
Steven Leonardo Varela Romero
The DFX methods are proposed in order to focus the and subassemblies to fit together into the larger product,
design object on some factor x that the company and designing mistake proofing into the parts
considers relevant. in general, the dfx concept is usually themselves. Mistake
related to the strategies of concurrent engineering We
usually talk about design for: manufacturing, assembly, proofing is essentially the idea that you ought to make
maintenance, reliability, safety, the environment, reuse, sure there is only one way to assemble a product. If the
recycling; The most important ones are mentioned, since assembler
it is about the direction of the company, of the company,
of the company, of the difference.[1]
makes a mistake regarding orientation, fastener size or
Design for “excellence” (also known as DFX) is a general type, or a number of other issues that might come up in
term used in the engineering world that serves as a the course of assembly, mistake proofing prevents them
placeholder for different design objectives. In reality, the from making it by ensuring the part simply cannot be
term DFX is better thought of as Design For “x” where the assembled with the wrong accessories and/or in the
variable x is interchangeable with one of many values wrong manner. Think of designing mechanical limits into
depending on the particular objectives of the your products (e.g. square pegs that fit in square holes
venture. Some of the most common substitutes for x but simply cannot fit into a round hole even if the
include assembly (DfA), cost (DfC), logistics (DfL), assembler thinks they’re supposed to). A well designed
manufacturability (DfM), reliability (DfR), product
serviceability and/or repairability (DfS).
has safeguards against mistakes that are intended to
prevent costly outcomes farther down the production line.
Designs can vary wildly depending on which items you
prioritize over others and the degree to which you make
them your focus. Here is a little more about each design
and their associated principles:
A. DfA: Design For Assembly (read detail on DfA)

DfA focuses on maximizing the ease with which a product
can or will be assembled. Major considerations include
whether human labor or automation will be used to join
subcomponents together. When a process is highly
automated, considerations like part orientation,
techniques for segmentation amongst different part types,
and spacing between units on the line become a higher
priority. When an assembly process is more manual (i.e.
dependent on human labor) then important things to
incorporate into your designs include human accessibility
to small spaces, a logical layering sequence for
subcomponents
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B. DfC: Design For Cost possible to use only one type of screw then focus
on minimizing the different type of screws used in
DfC needs to be a consideration in every design because the design.
a product that costs more to produce than it can be sold
for doesn’t have a future. Designs must be profitable and • Parallel processing involves eliminating
cost reduction on the design and development side of bottlenecks where a single fallout can hold up the
things is a large piece of that puzzle. DfC combines a lot entire operation. The objective of parallel
of other design principles into one. A design that is easily processing is to achieve “just-in-time” (JIT)
assembled, logistically efficient, manufacturable, reliable, manufacturing in the shortest amount of total
and serviceable is also likely to be lower cost. Choice of time possible.
materials is also a major influencer Other relevant DfC
principles include simplification (reducing the total D. DfM: Design For Manufacturability (read detail on
number of parts and fasteners in your design), DfM)
modularization (the idea that parts ought to be
somewhat interchangeable and/or of logically DfM involves technical expertise in the particular
standardized size and dimension), and parallel manufacturing process being used. One of the most
processing (minimizing bottlenecks and common manufacturing processes is known as injection
inefficiencies in assembly). molding. Designs that minimize defects during injection
mold manufacturing will take into account technical
specifications like mold temperature, cycle time, and even
C. DfL: Design For Logistics larger ticket items like facility humidity. Designers will also
incorporate techniques like designing small draft angles
DfL is also known as Design for Supply Chain. The into vertical surfaces and rounded corners within mold
concept involves incorporating design considerations like cavities. Other important design considerations include
economizing on packaging and transportation, items like gate location and its relative location to different
modularization (standardization) of parts, and parallel part geometries. Designers should aim to avoid flow
production processes that minimize lead time and issues as this will ultimately prevent weakness in the final
inventory requirements. output.
• Packaging and Transportation: Work on E. DfR: Design For Reliability

designing your finished assemblies to fit
standardized sizes for shipping and retail DfR is an engineering focus item that aims to prevent
distribution. For example, UPS measures failure for a known quantity of time (typically greater than
packaging using the following formula: L*2W*2H or equal to the product’s lifecycle). Product lifecycle is
where L = length, W= width, and H = height. This influenced by a number of factors but in many 21st
is the measurement that is multiplied by package century cases is driven principally by the pace at which
weight to determine your shipping costs. the next generation of a product can be produced.
Minimizing the quantity L*2W*2H will minimize Principles include redundancy, preemptive failure
shipping costs. Also consider the fact that this analysis and prevention, as well as lifespan and warranty
measurement needs to be less than 165 inches predictions. The idea is really to ensure the product will
total to qualify for regular shipping in the first work consistently and be maintainable in the modern
place. Any larger and you’ll have to use freight production environment with generally shorter product
services in lieu of UPS. Additionally, using the lifecycles and rapid innovation.
same example (UPS), packages need to be less
Related to DfR is the well known Failure Modes and
than 150 lbs and less than 108 inches in length.
Effects Analysis (FMEA). FMEA is a good way to
Another DfL consideration might include
retroactively analyze failures and determine root causes
designing your product with “retail ready
while pre-emptive failure testing like tensile testing, trial
packaging” in mind. Retail ready packaging
and error, and functionality testing (“burn in”) are all good
means more than simply fitting on the 14”
ways to set your product up for success ahead of time
Walmart shelf. Make sure your product
(i.e. make it reliable). Design for reliability should also not
packaging is easy to identify, simple to open, that
be confused with Design for Six Sigma which is similar
the interior product is easy to shop for, that the
but slightly different and focuses more on quality
technicians can stock the shelves without much
assurance tools and tolerance development.
heartache, and that the left over packaging is
easy to dispose of once the product is gone.
F. DfS: Design For Serviceability (Repairability)
• Modularity: An example of modularity in a What happens when parts break and repairs need to be
design would be using the same type of fastener made? Does the entire product need to be taken apart?
(such as a screw) used in a design. If it is not Do entire subassemblies need to be scrapped? Can you
3
make “DIY” fixes? Although it is more common than ever

to scrap old products for completely new replacements,
there are still a number of industries where repair is
incredibly relevant to designers. Long lifespan products
like vehicles, refrigerators, and HVAC systems all benefit
from simplicity of design that maximizes serviceability.
Generally speaking, the easier a product is to repair, the
lower your prices can be and the more competitive your
company will be in the marketplace. Relevant DfS
principles include simplifying designs by minimizing
total parts, providing logical component labeling and
technical user guides, and making spare parts readily
available. This all translates directly to repeat and happy
customers. [2]
CONCLUSION
The factors to consider and balance when designing a

new product. In all cases it’s important to realize that
there is no such thing as a “perfect design.” Everything
involves tradeoffs and mechanical design is no exception.
Cheaper material generally means lower costs but also
lower reliability. The question is typically how much to
prioritize cost savings at the expense of other things like
quality, reliability, or manufacturability. Prior planning and
accurate predictions about product lifecycle, sales
expectations, and ROI analysis will help to prioritize the
various “x” items you can design for.
II. BIBLIOGRAFÍA
[1]Capitulo 2 ingenieria del diseño. (s.f.). Obtenido de

https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/6837/05J
cb05de16.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y
[2] mechanisms, C. (2016). Blog de Mecanismos creativos.
Obtenido de
https://www.creativemechanisms.com/blog/design-for-
x-dfx

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1

Daniel Felipe Ardila Guerrero – 201520017602

A. DfA: Design For Assembly (read detail on DfA)

• Packaging and Transportation: Work on E. DfR: Design For Reliability

make “DIY” fixes? Although it is more common than ever

The factors to consider and balance when designing a

[1]Capitulo 2 ingenieria del diseño. (s.f.). Obtenido de

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