NPQS

A2-40 Skylights

National Productivity and Quality Specifications (NPQS)

A2-40 Skylights

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CONTENTS
Page

1.0 GENERAL 3
1.1 Scope 3
1.2 Related Sections 3
1.3 Standards 3
1.4 Trade Preambles 5

2.0 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 7

2.1 Contractor’s Brief 7

3.0 MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 8

3.1 Type of Skylights 8
3.2 Glazing 8
3.3 Aluminium Frames 10
3.4 Stainless steel Frames 11
3.5 Timber 11
3.6 Frame Material Compatibility 11
3.7 Sealants 11
3.8 Screws and Fixings 12
3.9 Safety Signs 13

4.0 WORKMANSHIP 14
4.1 General 14
4.2 Integration with Roof 14
4.3 Drainage 14
4.4 Seals 14
4.5 Contact with Cementatious Material 14
4.6 Fixing Accessories 14

5.0 VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSION 15

5.1 Submissions 15
5.2 Samples and Mock-ups 16
5.3 Inspection 16
5.4 Tests 16

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1.0 GENERAL
Read with the General Requirements section, and all other contract documents.
This document is supplementary to Section A2-40 of the NPQS and sets out Project
Specific Data (PSD) in the same clause headings as in the NPQS. All modifications
and additions noted in this document take precedence over clauses noted in the
NPQS.

1.1 Scope
This section covers the requirements for skylights as a component installed as parts
of a roof system. It does not cover self-supporting structural glass roofs.

1.2 Related Sections

Read this work section in conjunction with the relevant requirements of the other work
sections including the following:
A3-50 External Timberwork

1.3 Standards
Unless otherwise agreed by the SO, ensure all of the Works comply with the relevant
requirements of the Standards and Codes listed below or referenced in the body of
the Specification. Alternative Standards and Codes may be submitted to the SO,
provided it can be demonstrated that the alternative Standards and Codes comply
with the requirements of the standards specified. All Standards and Codes quoted
are current version, unless specific year references are noted.
Singapore Standards
SS 341 Safety glazing materials for use in buildings (human impact
considerations)
Other Standards
BS EN 485-3 Aluminium and aluminium alloys – sheet, strip and plate.
Tolerances on shape and dimensions for hot-rolled products
BS EN 572-2 Glass in buildings – basic soda lime silicate glass products.
Float glass
BS EN 573-3 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - chemical composition and
form of wrought products. Chemical composition
BS EN 755-1 to 9 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - extruded rod/bar, tube and
profiles
BS EN 10088-1 Stainless steel-list of stainless steel
BS EN 10088-2 Technical delivery conditions for semi finished products, bars
and rods for general purposes
BS EN 10088-3 Technical delivery conditions for semi finished products,
sheet/plate, strip for general purposes
BS EN 12020-2 Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded precision profiles in
alloys EN AV 6060,6063-Tolerances, dimensions and forms

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BS EN ISO 3506-1 Mechanical properties of corrosion resistant stainless steel

fasteners. Bolts, screws and studs
BS EN ISO 3506-2 Mechanical properties of corrosion resistant stainless steel
fasteners. Nuts.
BS 476-20 Fire tests on building materials and structures. Method for
determination of the fire resistance of elements of construction
BS 1161 Specification for aluminium alloy sections for structural
purposes
BS 3987 Specification for anodic oxide coating on wrought aluminium
for external architectural purposes
BS 4842 Specification for liquid organic coatings for application to
aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections for
external architectural purposes, and for the finish on aluminium
alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections coated with
liquid organic coatings.
BS 5215 Specification for one part polysulphide sealant
BS 5588-11 Fire precautions in the design, construction and use of
buildings. Codes of practice for shops, offices, industrial,
storage and other similar buildings
BS 5713 Specification for hermetically sealed flat double glazing units
BS 5889 Specification for one part gun grade silicone sealant
BS 6206 Specification for impact performance requirement for flat safety
glass and safety plastics for use in buildings
BS 6213 Guide to the selection of constructional sealants
BS 6496 Specification for powder organic coatings for application and
stoving to hot dip galvanized hot rolled steel sections and
preformed steel sheet for windows and associated external
architectural purposes
BS 8118 Structural use of aluminium
AS 3715 Metal finishing. Thermoset powder coating for aluminium and
aluminium alloys
ASTM C1036-01 Standard specification for flat glass
ASTM C1048-97 Standard specification for heat-treated flat glass kind HS, kind
FT coated and uncoated glass
ASTM C1172-96 Standard specification for laminated architectural flat glass
ASTM D3935-00 Standard specifications for polycarbonate (PC) unfilled and
reinforced material
AAMA 2605-98 Voluntary specification, performance requirements and test
procedure for superior performing organic coatings on
aluminium extrusions and panels. Series: Components,
coatings and finishes
DIN 18516 Part 4 Bimetallic corrosion

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1.4 Trade Preambles

1.4.1 Contractor’s Submissions

The intended type and locations of skylight are indicated in the Drawings. Engage
qualified and experienced personnel to carry out and submit the following items to the
SO:
1.4.1.1 Develop all necessary details for the skylights based on the design
drawings.
1.4.1.2 Produce shop and erection drawings to enable the fabrication and
installation of the skylights.
1.4.1.3 Design for the appropriate structural support for the skylight system.
Engage a PE (civil) to review and endorse on the design for submission to
SO.
1.4.1.4 Develop waterproof details for the junction between the skylight and the
roof.
1.4.1.5 Submit names of manufacturer’s for major components.

1.4.2 Shop Drawings

Prepare coordinated shop drawings incorporating all developed details.

1.4.3 Co-ordination with other Works

Co-ordinate the skylight works, particularly the interfaces with the following work
packages and trades:
a. Main roof and roof support structure
b. Suspended ceilings
c. Lightning Protection

1.4.4 Provide Spare Materials

No item.

1.4.5 Warranty
Provide warranty in accordance with the contract conditions for the following items:
a. Aluminium works.
b. Glazing.
Refer to the PSD for warranty requirements.
The period of warranty required for the listed items are as follows:
Items Requiring Warranty Period of Warranty Required
Aluminium works
Glazing

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1.4.6 Maintenance Manual

Prepare and submit a maintenance/replacement manual covering all components
and accessories including suppliers contact information. Refer to the General
Requirements section, clause 1.4.8 for details.

1.4.7 Quality Control Plan

Prepare and submit a quality control plan to the SO.

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2.0 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Contractor’s Brief

When carrying out the proposals as set out in clause 1.4.1, take account of the
following requirements:

2.1.1 Dead Loads

The self-weight and other associated dead loads of the skylight are to be supported
and transferred to the main building structure.

2.1.2 Fire Resistance

Comply with the requirements of the FSSD and any additional requirements of other
statutory authorities having jurisdiction over the works.
Refer to clause 3.1 for the required fire rating of the skylight system for the project.
Glazing components to conform to BS 5588 Surface spread of flame – Class 1
BS 476.

2.1.3 Live Load to Skylights.

Allow for human access loading to skylight without deformation or compromise to
weather shield.

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3.0 MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

3.1 Type of Skylights

Refer to the PSD for the specific types and component requirements of skylight works
for this project.
Skylights for this project shall consists of the following types:
Type: SK ___
Item Requirement Ref Clause no.
1. Duty Level 2.1.1
2. Fire rating 2.1.3
3. Frame 3.3, 3.4, 3.5
Material
Finish
Finish colour
4. Capping
Material
Finish
5. Glazing 3.2
Glass Type and Thickness As shown in the
drawings
6. Lamination Material 3.2.1
7. Glazing sealant type 3.6
8. Locking mechanism
9. Provision for Protection of
skylight

3.2 Glazing

3.2.1 General
Form glazing with at least the lowest layer being laminated heat strengthened panes.
The laminated panes are to:
a. Comply with SS 341.
b. Have PVB interlayer complying with BS 6206 Class A.
c. Have edge steps less than 0.5mm in toughened or heat-treated glass.
d. Bear identification marks indicating its nature and processor.
Protect the interlayer material from the effects of moisture absorption in service
including clouding, shrinking back, degassing and delamination.
Take into account, that the interlayer is compatible with glazing sealants.

3.2.2 Glass, General

All glass are to:
a. Comply with the requirements of SS 341, clause 3.2.

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b. Be clean cut, without significant edge faults (including feathered edges, shells or
other imperfections) and free from bubbles, inclusions, cracks, rippling, dimples,
sleeks or other defects.
c. Be cut to accurate sizes in the factory.
d. Be assessed for optical and visual faults as described in BS EN 572-2. Spot faults
to be no worse than category C. There are to be no linear/extended faults. Optical
faults to be within the limits set in BS EN 572-2.
e. Have no local defects producing irregular reflections.

3.2.3 Heat Treatment

Prior to heat treatment:
a. Grind flat edges to a small arris.
b. Dubb corners.
c. Grind out small shells and/or chips.
d. Maximum chip/shell diameter 2 mm.
e. Not more than four randomly placed chip/shells in any single pane of glass.

3.2.4 Heat Strengthened Glass

Heat strengthened glass are to:
a. Comply with the requirements of SS 341, clause 3.2.
b. Be tempered on a roller hearth furnace eliminating tong marks
c. Conform to the following requirements in the horizontal heat treatment process:
i) Maximum bow 0.2%
ii) Roller wave: All thicknesses 0.15mm depth maximum between peaks and
troughs
iii) Edge dip: 0.25mm maximum
d. Have identification marks indicating its nature and processor.
Demonstrate by the prime manufacturer’s testing that surface compressive stress in
the glass meets the requirements of SS 341 clause 3.2.

3.2.5 Toughened Glass

Toughened glass, to:
a. Comply with SS 341.
b. Be tempered on a roller hearth furnace eliminating tong marks
c. Conform to the following requirements in the horizontal toughening process:
i) Maximum bow: 0.2%
ii) Roller wave: All thicknesses 0.15mm depth maximum between peaks and
troughs

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iii) Edge dip: 0.25mm maximum

d. Have identification marks indicating its nature and processor. Location to be
agreed with SO.
Heat soak test all toughened glass for a minimum of 8 hours at 290 C, in accordance
with DIN 18516 Part 4, to convert all nickel sulphide inclusions greater than 40 µm in
diameter to the ß phase so that the glass will fracture in the test. After the test the
probability of failure in service should be less than one in 130 tonnes. Upon request,
show by statistical analysis of test data that the probability of failure is not greater
than the value quoted above.
Demonstrate by the prime manufacturer’s testing that surface compressive stress in
the glass meets the requirements of SS 341 clause 3.2.

3.2.6 Insulating Glazed Units

Insulating glazing units are to have:
a. Hermetically sealed complying with BS 5713.
b. Mechanically applied primary polyisobutylene seal located between glass and
spacer providing a vapour proof barrier, which is continuous and of a minimum
width of 2mm, and a secondary two part silicone sealant extending around the
perimeter of the unit.
c. Aluminium alloy spacers with a natural or black finish and sufficient rigidity for
their purpose. They are to be formed to accommodate seals and contain
desiccant.
d. All breather tubes nipped closed prior to installation.
e. All corners and joints to be fabricated so as to ensure a water vapour tight
construction.

3.3 Aluminium Frames

3.3.1 Extrusions
Extrusions- from designated treated alloy 6063 T4, 6035 T5 or 6063 T6 complying
with BS1474 unless otherwise agreed with SO
Comply with BS 8118, BS EN 573-3, BS 1161 and BS EN 755
Minimum wall thickness in structural parts = 2.5mm
Platforms, webs, flanges, races and screw flutes of sufficient size to satisfy all
structural requirements and eliminate distortion of elements in the works.
Fabricate sheet material ancillary members from designed alloys 1100,2005,3032,0r
comply with BE EN 485.

3.3.2 Finishes to Aluminium

3.3.2.1 General
Shop finish all visible and all other surfaces of aluminium exposed to the external
environment, including drained and ventilated cavities and pressure equalisation
chambers. Finishing is to be applied to all external surfaces after any fabrication
processes likely to damage the finish i.e. folding of sheet.

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3.3.2.2 PVF2 Coating

Resin content 70%, to meet requirements of AAMA 2605 and BS 4842.
Refer to clause 3.1 for number of coats.
3.3.2.3 Polyester Powder Coat
Apply heavy duty external grade polyester powder coat conforming to BS 6496, to all
external surfaces.
3.3.2.4 Anodised Aluminium
Comply with BS 3987 for anodic oxidation of wrought aluminium, with thickness
grade AA25. Coating thickness on the surface/s shall not be less than 20 microns.

3.4 Stainless Steel Frames

3.4.1 General
Conform to the following standards for stainless steel, unless otherwise specified.

3.4.2 Plate, sheet, strip

Comply with BS EN ISO 3506-1 and BS EN ISO 3506-2.
Unless otherwise noted, use grade 1.4401 (formerly 316) for all visible components;
in all other circumstances use grade 1.4301 (formerly 304).
Unless otherwise noted, use grade A4 for visible fasteners; in all other circumstances
use grade A2.
Select the fastener property class so as to meet the performance criteria specified.

3.5 Timber
Unless otherwise specified all timber to be Kapur, Chengal or Balau.
Moisture content when fitted to be between 10-15%, moisture content between
adjacent timbers to be no more than 3%.
Pressure impregnate all timber, impregnation system to approval of the SO.
Fire retardant treatment system to the approval of the SO. Season and kiln dry timber
after treatment.

3.5.1 Timber Surface Treatment

Refer to section A3-50 “External Timberwork”, clause 3.3.

3.6 Frame Material Compatibility

Select, design and install different materials to prevent bimetallic corrosion.

3.7 Sealants

3.7.1 General
Select and install in accordance with BS 6213.
Design sealant geometry (and cross section) to accommodate the anticipated
substrate movement.

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Do not use acid curing sealants.

Use in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions, particularly relating to the use
of primers.
Refer colour selection of any visibly exposed sealants to the SO.

3.7.2 Types
3.7.2.1 Silicone sealants: Comply with BS 5889.
3.7.2.2 Polyurethane sealants: Comply with BS 5215.
3.7.2.3 Non-structural sealants: Approved low modulus silicone (exposed or
concealed) or approved polyurethane sealant (concealed).

3.7.3 Other Components

3.7.3.1 Backing rods: Non-gassing polyethylene closed cell foam
3.7.3.2 Primers and joint preparation materials: As recommended by the sealant
manufacturer.

3.8 Screws and Fixings

All screws and fixings to be corrosion resistant and selected to resist any bi-metallic
corrosion.

3.8.1 Operable Vent

The operable vents shall maintain the following under the full structural design load,
when all tolerances are accommodated and the most onerous combination of
movements occur (including wind sway).
Operable vents within skylights to be / have:
a. Pressure equalised systems with drained cavities. Face sealed systems are not
acceptable.
b. Secondary drainage system behind the weathering seals, that drains to the
outside
c. Drainage of water from rebates to outside.
d. Ventilation of the edges of the double glazed units, panes and panels.
e. Internal air seal and vapour barrier
f. Eliminate standing water on/or around the edge of double glazed units, panes and
panels.
g. Sufficient edge cover on all glazing and panels to:
h. Where edge cover is required on glazing and panels, provide sufficient to:
i. Achieve weathering and edge capture around their perimeter, and;
ii. Achieve acceptable clearances between metal framing and glass edges.
i. Glazing unit replacement without the need to dismantle the primary framing
members
j. Stainless steel hinges, screws, stays, mechanisms and locks and die cast zinc
stops.

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k. Steel or brass keys.

l. Top hung the limiting device capable of being undone only by authorised
personnel.
m. An operating stay type mechanism with the following features:
i. Allow the opening light to be held open in incremental positions up to the
maximum restricted open position.
ii. A friction adjustment screw to adjust the degree of friction required,
enabling the window to be held open in incremental positions.
iii. The stay mechanism to be fastened to both the opening light and the
frame and only capable of being undone by deliberate action.

3.9 Safety Signs

Where noted in clause 3.1, provide barriers and warning signs if the form allows easy
entry onto the glazing. Warning signs to read NO WALKING ON GLAZING in red
letters no smaller than 50mm in height and to consist of a material and printing that
will not degrade.

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4.0 WORKMANSHIP

4.1 General
Install units in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions for the creation of a
waterproof junction between the skylight and the roof covering.

4.2 Integration with Roof

Where shown on the drawings, form upstands in the roof construction to allow for the
creation of a waterproof detail between the skylight and the roof.

4.3 Drainage
Where glazing extrusions are used to form the skylight framing, ensure that the
horizontal members drain into the verticals and that the joint between is sealed. The
vertical members are to drain clear of the upstand with a turndown at the end to
prevent water entering the upstand junction.

4.4 Seals
Install Neoprene or Epdm seal where required to seal the head and base of the
glazing.

4.5 Contact with Cementatious Material

Apply bituminous paint to units in contact with cementatious material.

4.6 Fixing Accessories

Provide fixing accessories whose corrosion resistance will provide a service life equal
to that specified for the component.
Select materials which will not result in bi-metallic corrosion.

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5.0 VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSION

5.1 Submissions

5.1.1 Submissions
Include in construction program, event for submission of the following information:
a. Name of the skylight manufacturer and inclusion of copies of technical data
relating to system proposal.
b. Name of Sub-Contractor, if any.
c. Information of current or completed similar jobs during the previous 5 years and
details of Quality Control Procedures adopted.

5.1.2 Design Submissions

Prepare an installation strategy, containing the following information, prior to the
preparation of detailed shop drawings.
a. Sequence of construction
b. Method statements
c. Means of accommodating the skylight within the roof construction
d. Specimen of warranty

5.1.3 Fabrication Submissions

5.1.3.1 Shop Drawings
Where specified, prepare shop drawings, particularly include the following items:
a. Layout of all skylights with scale 1:50 including location of all structural steel work
or upstands in the roof construction.
b. Section through the skylight and roof construction at scale1:5.
Do not commence fabrication until shop drawings have been reviewed and
permission to proceed has been obtained from the SO.
5.1.3.2 Certification of Materials
Provide the SO with certification from the manufacturer of the following materials
/components, certifying that the respective material is of the correct grade, strength,
size, finish, etc, and is in accordance with the relevant codes and standards
specified.
a. Glass
b. Frame finish

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5.1.4 Maintenance Submissions

Include the following information in the maintenance manual and logbook.
a. Cleaning methods for glazing and metal / timber parts

5.1.5 Warranty
Submit the warranty upon completion of the works.

5.1.6 Quality Control Plan Submission

Prepare and submit the quality control plan to the SO prior to starting fabrication
work.

5.2 Samples and Mock-ups

5.2.1 Samples
Submit one sample of each component of the skylight system to the SO prior to
ordering material.

5.2.2 Mock-ups
Refer to the PSD for any mock-up panels required for the project.
Provide additional mock-ups for the project as follows:
Mock-up Size of Panel (mm) Due Date

5.3 Inspection
No item.

5.4 Tests

5.4.1 Water Tests

Undertake water test on all skylights as part of the test for the particular main roof
construction.

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