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PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT

MEDIATED MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS EVALUATED

Article  in  International Research Journal of Pharmacy · May 2015

DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.06455.

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 Thilagavathi.T et al. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2015, 6 (4)

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

www.irjponline.com
ISSN 2230 – 8407

Research Article
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT MEDIATED
MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS EVALUATED
Thilagavathi.T, Arvindganth.R, Vidhya.D, Dhivya .R
Department of Biotechnology, VELS University Pallavaram, Chennai, India
*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Article Received on: 20/03/15 Revised on: 04/04/15 Approved for publication: 16/04/15

DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.06455

ABSTRACT

Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used to curing of various diseases. In this present investigation involves five different medicinal plants
Cledrodendrum inerme, Dennotia tripetala, Pongamia glabra, O. Sanctum. Abutilon indicum L. were studied. four different solvents Viz. Acetone, methanol,
hexane, chloroform were used to obtain extracts from produced plant leaves. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using
standard procedure. Phytochemical screening reveals the presences of Alkaloids, Saponins, Tannins, Steroids, Glycosides and Flavonoids.

KEYWORDS: Phytochemical analysis, Medicinal plants, leaves, Primary and Secondary constituents.

INTRODUCTION room temperature for 15days.The dried leaves samples were ground
well in to a fine powder with the help of mixer grinder.
Medicinal and aromatic plants are potential source of raw materials
used for manufacture of drugs and perfumery products more than a A 10gm air dry plant was soaked into 50ml organic solvents.viz,
quarter of all the medicines used in the world today contain natural Methanol, Chloroform and Hexane, Acetone, separately for 24hrs in
compounds derived from plants that often serve lead molecules a orbital shaker at normal temperature..The extracts were filter
whose activities can be enhanced by manipulation through through the Whatman No:1 filter paper. The extract was allowed to
combinations with chemicals and by synthetic chemistry that can be dry using rotary evaporator. The condensed extracts were stored in
exploited in the field of new drugs research and development.1,2 The airtight container at 40C till further investigation.
primary benefits of using plants derived medicines are that they are
relatively safer than synthetic alternatives offering profound Solvents used
therapeutic benefits and more affordable treatment.5
Chloroform and Hexane, Acetone, Methanol, were used as the
Phyto constituents are the natural bioactive compounds found in solvents for the preparations of plant extracts.
plants. This phyto constituents work with nutrients and fibers to
form an integrated part of defense system against various diseases Phytochemical Analysis
and stress conditions.3 Phyto chemicals are basically divided into
two groups, i.e. primary and secondary constituents; according to Phytochemical screening was performed to identify phytochemicals
their functions in plant metabolism. Primary constituents comprises in the chloroform and hexane, Methnal, Acetone, extracts of plant
common sugars, amino acid, proteins and chlorophyll while leaves were used in the study in this present work, the
secondary constituents consists of alkaloids, terpenoid, steroids and phytochemicals were detected by colour tests.
flavonoids, so on. The present study revealed the qualitative phyto
chemistry of seven medicinal plants used by the peoples of Test for alkaloids
Amravati district (MS) India, to cure various ailments.
Of each extract 2ml was acidified with a few drops of dilute
MATERIALS AND METHODS hydrochloric acid. Then 1ml of Dragendorff’s reagent was added.
Collection and identification of plant The appearance of orange to red precipitate indicates the presence of
alkaloids.
The Clerodendrum inerme, Pongamia glabra, Sanctum, Pennetia
tripetala, Abutilon indicum plant leaves was collected from Test for tannins
Thanjavur, Tamilnadu. The plant was confirmed by Dr. Kathiravan
Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology VELS To 2ml of each extract a few drops of 10% lead acetate were added.
University, Pallavaram, Chennai, India. HB. NO. VUBT: 1001. The appearance of white precipitate indicates the presence of
tannins.
Preparation of plant extracts
Test for saponins
The fresh plant sample (leaves) were collected and washed under the
running tap water to remove soil particles and other dust To 1ml of extract taken in a measuring jar,9ml of distilled water was
particles.The leaves were air dried under the laboratory condition at added and shaken vigorously for 15seconds and extract were

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 Thilagavathi.T et al. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2015, 6 (4)

allowed to stand for 10min.Formation of stable foam(1cm) indicates The appearance of blue-green colour indicates the presence of
the presence of saponins. glycosides.

Test for steroids Test for flavonoid

Chloroform 10ml was added to 2ml of all three plant extracts. To 4ml of extract solution was treated with 1.5ml of methanol solution.
these extracts 1ml of acetic anhyride was added and then 2ml of The solution was warmed and metal magnesium was added to this
concentrated sulphuric acid was added along the sides of the test solution 5-6 drops of Con. HCl acid were added and colour was
tube. Colour formation at the junction is noted. The appearance of observed for flavonoids and orange colour for flavones.
blue green colour indicates the presence of steroids.
Test for reducing sugar
Test for Triterpenoids
To 0.5ml of extract solution, 1ml of water and 5-8 drops of
The test for Triterpenoids is same as that for steroids the appearance Fehling’s solution was added to the test tube hot and observed for
of red, pink colour or violet colour at the junction indicates the brick red precipitate.
presence of Triterpenoids.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Test for glycosides
The phytochemical test was done by various plant extracts with four
To 1ml of each extract a few drops of glacial acetic acid and ferric different solvents acetone, methanol and hexane chloroform were
chloride and 3-4 drops of concentration sulphuric acid were added. done by colour test. The results were presented in following the
Tables.

Table 1: Phytochemical test carried out the Clerodendrum inerme plant Table 2: Phytochemical test carried out the Pongamia glabra plant
extract in four solvent extract in four solvent

Phytochemical Acetone Methanol Hexane Chloroform Phytochemical Acetone Methanol Hexane Chloroform
Testes test
Alkaloids + + + + Alkaloids + + + +
Tannins + + + + Tannins + + + _
Saponins + + - + Saponins + + + +
Steroids + + + _ Steroids + + _ +
Triterpenoids - + + _ Triterpenoids + + _ +
Glycosides + + - + Glycosides _ + + _
Flavonoids + + + + Flavonoids _ + + _
Reducing sugar + + + +_ Reducing sugar + _ + +
(+)Present, (-) Absent (+) present, (-) Absent

Table 3: Phytochemical test carried out the Sanctum plant extract in four Table 4: Photochemical test carried out the Pennetia tripetala plant
solvent extract in four solvent

Phytochemical test Acetone Methanol Hexane Chloroform Phytochemical test Acetone Methanol Hexane Chloroform
Alkaloids + + + + Alkaloids + + + +
Tannins + + + + Tannins + + + +
Saponins + + _ + Saponins + + + +
Steroids _ + + _ Steroids + + _ _
Triterpenoids _ + + _ Triterpenoids _ + _ +
Glycosides + + + + Glycosides + + + +
Flavonoids + + + + Flavonoids + + + +
Reducing sugar _ + + _ Reducing sugar +_ + + -_

Table 5: Phytochemical test carried out the Abutilon indicum plant extract in four solvent

Phytochemical test Acetone Methanol Hexane Chloroform

Alkaloids + + + +
Tannins + + + +
Saponins _ + + +
Steroids + + + _
Triterpenoids + + + +
Glycosides + + _ +
Flavonoids + + + +
Reducing sugar + - _ +

Phytochemical process was carried out among the five medicinal Phytochemical process of the four solvent extract was carried out to
plant extracted of the different solvent are processed to determine detect the presence of secondary metabolite such as flavonoid,
the phytochemical constitute. The name of the different solvent tannins, terpenoid, steroid, alkaloid, saponins, reducing sugar, using
Acetone, Methonal, Hexane, Chloroform, solvent are mediated to standard phytochemical method as reported by sofowora12.
the plant extract was evaluated 4,6.

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Cite this article as:

Thilagavathi.T, Arvindganth.R, Vidhya.D, Dhivya .R. Preliminary
phytochemical screening of different solvent mediated medicinal
plant extracts evaluated. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2015; 6(4):246-248
http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.06455

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