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    Professor:Manish K Gupta Course: SC107 Calculus Fall 2016 Da-Iict

    Uploaded by

    Dhruvesh Asnani
    This document is a Diwali assignment report submitted by student Dhruvesh Asnani for their Calculus course. The report discusses the non-intuitive behavior of gyroscopes and how they resist falling down due to precession. It provides equations showing how the gyroscope's angular velocity results in a reactive torque that balances the torque from gravity, preventing it from falling as one might intuitively expect. The report includes 3 sections that introduce the topic, demonstrate the counterintuitive behavior, and explain how nature deals with it through precession and reactive torque.

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    Professor:Manish K Gupta Course: SC107 Calculus Fall 2016 Da-Iict

    Uploaded by

    Dhruvesh Asnani
    52 views5 pages
    This document is a Diwali assignment report submitted by student Dhruvesh Asnani for their Calculus course. The report discusses the non-intuitive behavior of gyroscopes and how they resist falling down due to precession. It provides equations showing how the gyroscope's angular velocity results in a reactive torque that balances the torque from gravity, preventing it from falling as one might intuitively expect. The report includes 3 sections that introduce the topic, demonstrate the counterintuitive behavior, and explain how nature deals with it through precession and reactive torque.

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    This document is a Diwali assignment report submitted by student Dhruvesh Asnani for their Calculus course. The report discusses the non-intuitive behavior of gyroscopes and how they resist falling down due to precession. It provides equations showing how the gyroscope's angular velocity results in a reactive torque that balances the torque from gravity, preventing it from falling as one might intuitively expect. The report includes 3 sections that introduce the topic, demonstrate the counterintuitive behavior, and explain how nature deals with it through precession and reactive torque.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views5 pages

    Professor:Manish K Gupta Course: SC107 Calculus Fall 2016 Da-Iict

    Uploaded by

    Dhruvesh Asnani
    This document is a Diwali assignment report submitted by student Dhruvesh Asnani for their Calculus course. The report discusses the non-intuitive behavior of gyroscopes and how they resist falling down due to precession. It provides equations showing how the gyroscope's angular velocity results in a reactive torque that balances the torque from gravity, preventing it from falling as one might intuitively expect. The report includes 3 sections that introduce the topic, demonstrate the counterintuitive behavior, and explain how nature deals with it through precession and reactive torque.

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    DIWALI ASSIGNMENT

    Professor:Manish K Gupta
    Course: SC107
    CALCULUS
    Fall 2016
    DA-IICT

    Made By:

    Dhruvesh Asnani
    ID: 201601423

    November 18,2016

    1
    Gyroscope

    1 Introduction
    In our daily life we come across rigid bodies that rotate about an axis changing its direc-
    tion. Eg: A spinning top,a turning bicycle wheel,a gyroscope,earth’s precession,etc. These
    motions can be very difficult and complex to analyse. Often they are very non-intuitive...

    2 How non-intuitive it is!


    See the figure below.

    This is model gyroscope which consists of a flywheel mounted in a suspension frame


    that allows the flywheels axle to point in any direction. One end of the axle is supported
    on a pylon at distance l from the center of mass of the gyroscope.
    Suppose that flywheel is not spinning. The figure above shows the FBD of the sys-
    tem.
    Net force on the system is zero.

    ~net = ~0
    F (1)
    This is because:
    ~N ormal = −F
    F ~gravity (2)
    ~gravity
    But there is net torque on the system due to F
    τgravity = mgl (3)
    So flywheel will fall down..That’s Intuitive..
    But what will happen if we spin the flywheel with some angular velocity and arrange
    it in a position as in the above figure..
    It will not fall!!

    Very NON-INTUITIVE!!

    2
    3 How beautifully NATURE deals with it!!
    Suppose the angular velocity of the flywheel is ω
    ~ s.

    In this case, the center of mass of flywheel rotates about the vertical axis passing
    through the contact point S of the axle with the pylon with angular velocity ω ~ p . This
    velocity is called precessional angular velocity.

    Here, ω
    ~ s is along x − axis and ω
    ~ p is along z − axis.The FBD of the system is as follows:

    Gyroscopic Approximation:
    Here we shall assume that ω ~ p and ω
    ~ s << ω ~ s and ω
    ~ p are nearly constant. These two
    assumptions are collectively known as gyroscopic approximations.

    ~net = ~0.
    Here also, F
    This is because:

    ~N ormal = −F
    F ~gravity (4)
    FHor = mlω2 (5)
    The direction of torque due to gravity is inside the plane of paper.
    The spin angular momentum of the flywheel is:

    ~Lspin = Icm ω
    ~s (6)

    3
    Note:
    Equation (6) is only valid in the gyroscopic approximation. If this approximation
    is not made, ~Lspin would also have a component in the jˆ direction since the flywheel is
    rotating about its vertical axis as the center of mass rotates in a circle about the vertical
    axis. This component of the spin angular momentum would be

    0
    (~Lspin )y = Icm ω
    ~p
    0 is the moment of inertia of the flywheel with respect to an axis parallel to the z−
    where Icm
    axis passing through the center of mass of the flywheel. In the gyroscopic approximation,
    the ratio of the magnitudes

    |(~Lspin )y | ωp
    ≈ << 1
    |(~Lspin )x | ωs

    and so (~Lspin )y need not be considered. In any event, (~Lspin )y = Icm


    0 ω is constant in time.
    p
    Thus in the gyroscopic approximation the only change to the angular momentum
    about S is the change in direction of the spin angular momentum about the axis passing
    through the center of mass perpendicular to the wheel.

    Due to τ~gravity , the direction of ~Lspin and hence ω


    ~ s changes.

    From the figure,


    ∆ωs = ωs ∆θ (7)

    (∵ We have assumed ωs to be constant)

    Hence,
    ∆ωs ∆θ
    = ωs (8)
    ∆t ∆t

    Taking lim on both sides,


    ∆t→0
    dωs dθ
    = ωs (9)
    dt dt

    4
    α = ωs ωp (10)
    Due to this angular acceleration α
    ~ , the system exerts an active gyroscopic torque
    given by

    τactive = Icm ωs ωp (11)


    The direction of τ~active is determined by right hand thumb rule.

    τ~active = Icm (ω ~ s)
    ~p × ω (12)
    But, if we observe from the frame of reference of the system, then the system expe-
    riences a reactive gyroscopic torque in the direction opposite to that of active gyroscopic
    torque having same magnitude as that of active gyroscopic torque.

    τ~reactive = −~
    τactive (13)
    τ~reactive = Icm (ω ~ p)
    ~s × ω (14)
    This τ~reactive balances τ~gravity and the flywheel does not fall.
    i.e.

    Icm ωs ωp = mgl (15)


    mgl
    ωp = (16)
    Icm ωs

    4 References
    1. web.mit.edu/8.01t/www/materials/modules/guide16.pdf

    2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVvnEeDb3aA

    3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_precession

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