Lab 1

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Laboratory Exercise No.

Hypothesis Testing – One Sample z Test

Course : IE301A Experiment No. : 1


Group No. : Section : EE41FB1
Group Members : 1. Rhinrome Marbella Date Performed : July 22, 2019
2. Date Submitted : July 22, 2019
Instructor : Ms. Romalyn Galingan
1. Objective(s)

To be able to fully understand the use of the Minitab 18 statistical software in solving
probability problems.

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

At the end of the exercise, the students are expected:

1. To establish a good foundation of ergonomics as a discipline for industrial


engineering students and professionals;

2. To demonstrate skills in gathering details and information pertaining to human


factors and ergonomics; and

3. To understand fully the basic principles and theories that governs the ergonomics
discipline.

3. Discussion
Use 1-Sample Z to estimate the mean of a population and to compare it to a target
value or a reference value when you know the standard deviation of the population.
Using this analysis, you can do the following:

1. Determine whether the population mean differs from the hypothesized mean that
you specify.
2. Calculate a range of values that is likely to include the population mean.
For example, a quality analyst uses a 1-sample Z-test to determine whether the
average thread length of bolts differs from the target of 20 mm. If the mean differs
from the target, the analyst uses the confidence interval to determine how large the
difference is likely to be and whether that difference has practical significance.

Where to find this analysis


To perform a 1-Sample Z-test, choose Stat > Basic Statistics > 1-Sample Z.

Data considerations for 1-Sample Z


To ensure that your results are valid, consider the following guidelines when you
collect data, perform the analysis, and interpret your results.

The population standard deviation is known


If you do not know the standard deviation of the population, use 1-Sample t.

The data must be continuous.


Continuous data has an infinite number of values between any two values.

The sample data should not be severely skewed, and the sample size should
be greater than 20 If your sample size is greater than 20 and the underlying
distribution is unimodal and continuous, the hypothesis test performs appropriately
even if the data are mildly skewed. If your sample size is less than 20, you should
graph the data to check for skewness and unusual observations.

4. Materials and Equipment

• Minitab 18
• Computer

5. Procedure
A scientist for a company that manufactures processed food wants to assess the
percentage of fat in the company's bottled sauce. The advertised percentage is 15%. The
scientist measures the percentage of fat in 20 random samples. Previous measurements
found that the population standard deviation is 2.6%.

The scientist performs a 1-sample Z-test to determine whether the fat percentage differs
from 15%.

1. Open the sample data, FatContent.MTW.

2. Choose Stat > Basic Statistics > 1-Sample Z.

3. From the drop-down list, select One or more samples, each in a column and
enter Percent Fat.

4. In Known standard deviation, enter 2.6.

5. Select Perform hypothesis test.

6. In Hypothesized mean, enter 15.

7. Click OK.

6. Data and Results


7. Data Analysis and Conclusion

Interpret the key results for 1-Sample Z


Step 1: Determine a confidence interval for the population mean

First, consider the sample mean, and then examine the confidence interval.

The mean of the sample data is an estimate of the population mean. Because the mean
is based on sample data and not on the entire population, it is unlikely that the sample
mean equals the population mean. To better estimate the population mean, use the
confidence interval.

The confidence interval provides a range of likely values for the population mean. For
example, a 95% confidence level indicates that if you take 100 random samples from
the population, you could expect approximately 95 of the samples to produce intervals
that contain the population mean.

Key Result: Confidence Interval

The 95% confidence interval means in the 20 samples there are 16.4600 mean from 15.3205 to
17.5995 interval which is the fat percentage is differs 15%.
Step 2: Determine whether the test results are statistically significant

To determine whether the difference between the population mean and the
hypothesized mean is statistically significant, compare the p-value to the significance
level. Usually, a significance level (denoted as α or alpha) of 0.05 works well. A
significance level of 0.05 indicates a 5% risk of concluding that a difference exists when
there is no actual difference.
P-value ≤ α: The difference between the means is statistically significant (Reject
H 0)
If the p-value is less than or equal to the significance level, the decision is to
reject the null hypothesis. You can conclude that the difference between the
population mean and the hypothesized mean is statistically significant.

P-value > α: The difference between the means is not statistically significant
(Fail to reject H0)
If the p-value is greater than the significance level, the decision is to fail to reject
the null hypothesis. You do not have enough evidence to conclude that the
difference between the population mean and the hypothesized mean is
statistically significant.

Key Result: P-Value

P-value is equal to 0.0120 which is lower than the significance level of 0.05.

CONCLUSION:

The null hypothesis states that the mean of the percentage of fat equals 15%. Because
the p-value is 0.012, which is less than the significance level of 0.05, the scientist rejects
the null hypothesis. The results indicate that mean percentage of fat differs from 15%.
8. Reflection on the Attainment of Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
In the activity, I learned the importance of understanding the basic principles and
theories that govern the ergonomics discipline. I also learned how to gather details and
information pertaining to ergonomics.
9. Assessment Rubric
TIP-VPAA–054D
Revision Status/Date:0/2009 September 09

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE


PHILIPPINES RUBRIC FOR LABORATORY
PERFORMANCE
CRITERIA BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT SCORE
1 2 3
Laboratory Skills
Manipulative Members do not Members Members always
Skills demonstrate occasionally demonstrate
needed skills. demonstrate needed skills.
needed skills.
Experimental Members are Members are able Members are able
Set-up unable to set-up the to set-up the to set-up the
materials. materials with material with
supervision. minimum
supervision.
Process Members do not Members Members always
Skills demonstrate occasionally demonstrate
targeted process demonstrate targeted process
skills. targeted process skills.
skills.
Safety Members do not Members follow Members follow
Precautions follow safety safety precautions safety precautions
precautions. most of the time. at all times.
Work Habits
Time Members do not Members finish on Members finish
Management/ finish on time with time with ahead of time with
Conduct of incomplete data. incomplete data. complete data and
Experiment time to revise data.
Cooperative Members do not Members have Members are on
and know their tasks defined tasks and have
Teamwork and have no defined responsibilities responsibilities at
responsibilities. most of the time. all times. Group
Group conflicts Group conflicts are
have to be settled conflicts are cooperatively
by the teacher. cooperatively managed at all
managed most of times.
the time.
Neatness Messy workplace Clean and orderly Clean and orderly
and during workplace with workplace at all
Orderliness and after the occasional mess times during and
experiment. during after the
and after the experiment.
experiment.
Ability to do Members require Members require Members do not
independent supervision by the occasional need to be
work teacher. supervision by the supervised by the
teacher. teacher.
Other Comments/Observations:
TOTAL SCORE

RATING=

x
100%

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