Lab 1
Lab 1
Lab 1
To be able to fully understand the use of the Minitab 18 statistical software in solving
probability problems.
3. To understand fully the basic principles and theories that governs the ergonomics
discipline.
3. Discussion
Use 1-Sample Z to estimate the mean of a population and to compare it to a target
value or a reference value when you know the standard deviation of the population.
Using this analysis, you can do the following:
1. Determine whether the population mean differs from the hypothesized mean that
you specify.
2. Calculate a range of values that is likely to include the population mean.
For example, a quality analyst uses a 1-sample Z-test to determine whether the
average thread length of bolts differs from the target of 20 mm. If the mean differs
from the target, the analyst uses the confidence interval to determine how large the
difference is likely to be and whether that difference has practical significance.
The sample data should not be severely skewed, and the sample size should
be greater than 20 If your sample size is greater than 20 and the underlying
distribution is unimodal and continuous, the hypothesis test performs appropriately
even if the data are mildly skewed. If your sample size is less than 20, you should
graph the data to check for skewness and unusual observations.
• Minitab 18
• Computer
5. Procedure
A scientist for a company that manufactures processed food wants to assess the
percentage of fat in the company's bottled sauce. The advertised percentage is 15%. The
scientist measures the percentage of fat in 20 random samples. Previous measurements
found that the population standard deviation is 2.6%.
The scientist performs a 1-sample Z-test to determine whether the fat percentage differs
from 15%.
3. From the drop-down list, select One or more samples, each in a column and
enter Percent Fat.
7. Click OK.
First, consider the sample mean, and then examine the confidence interval.
The mean of the sample data is an estimate of the population mean. Because the mean
is based on sample data and not on the entire population, it is unlikely that the sample
mean equals the population mean. To better estimate the population mean, use the
confidence interval.
The confidence interval provides a range of likely values for the population mean. For
example, a 95% confidence level indicates that if you take 100 random samples from
the population, you could expect approximately 95 of the samples to produce intervals
that contain the population mean.
The 95% confidence interval means in the 20 samples there are 16.4600 mean from 15.3205 to
17.5995 interval which is the fat percentage is differs 15%.
Step 2: Determine whether the test results are statistically significant
To determine whether the difference between the population mean and the
hypothesized mean is statistically significant, compare the p-value to the significance
level. Usually, a significance level (denoted as α or alpha) of 0.05 works well. A
significance level of 0.05 indicates a 5% risk of concluding that a difference exists when
there is no actual difference.
P-value ≤ α: The difference between the means is statistically significant (Reject
H 0)
If the p-value is less than or equal to the significance level, the decision is to
reject the null hypothesis. You can conclude that the difference between the
population mean and the hypothesized mean is statistically significant.
P-value > α: The difference between the means is not statistically significant
(Fail to reject H0)
If the p-value is greater than the significance level, the decision is to fail to reject
the null hypothesis. You do not have enough evidence to conclude that the
difference between the population mean and the hypothesized mean is
statistically significant.
P-value is equal to 0.0120 which is lower than the significance level of 0.05.
CONCLUSION:
The null hypothesis states that the mean of the percentage of fat equals 15%. Because
the p-value is 0.012, which is less than the significance level of 0.05, the scientist rejects
the null hypothesis. The results indicate that mean percentage of fat differs from 15%.
8. Reflection on the Attainment of Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
In the activity, I learned the importance of understanding the basic principles and
theories that govern the ergonomics discipline. I also learned how to gather details and
information pertaining to ergonomics.
9. Assessment Rubric
TIP-VPAA–054D
Revision Status/Date:0/2009 September 09
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