Author Title Year of Main Abstract

Publication Idea
Anuja Journal 2016 Water Eichhornia crassipes has become the world’s
worst invasive aquatic weed due to its rapid
Sharma, of Hyaciths
proliferation rate, ecological adaptability and
Neerak K. are
Environme detrimental effects caused on environment,
Aggarwal, invasive
ntal human health and economic development. A
Anita Saini plants. large number of weed management strategies
and Anita Science such as physical removal, chemical methods
Yadav and and biological control agents are being used
Technolog to control it. But various environmental and
financial challenges are associated with these
y
methods. On the other hand, water hyacinth
has demonstrated abilities to be used as a
raw material in various useful applications. In
this review, different applications of water
hyacinth have been discussed. The weed
biomass can be used for bioremediation and
bioadsorption of metals and pollutants; biogas
and biofuel production, composting and
vermicomposting, as feed for animals and
fish; as carbon source for microbial growth;
for various medicinal and other uses. Thus for
the management of this noxious weed by
large scale utilization can be an attractive and
efficient method, which can replace the
relatively ineffective conventional methods of
weed management.

https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jest.2016.26.48
Echiegu et Effects of 2017 From the results of a study by Echiegu et
al. water
hyacinth al. (November, 2017), it can be concluded that
(Eichhornia
crassipes) African catfish raised in fish ponds with 15% of
on the
physicoche its surface covered with water hyacinth results
mical
properties in greater weight gain when compared with
of fishpond
water and fish raised in similar ponds but without any
growth of
African water hyacinth cover. The gain in weight is
catfish
however not significantly different (P ≤ 0.05)

from that of catfish raised in ponds without

water hyacinth cover, implying that the use of

water hyacinth does not give rise to any

significant advantage on fish ponds. The mean

concentrations of TDS, total hardness, Mg

hardness, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate,

conductivity, turbidity, and DO were higher in

ponds with 15% water hyacinth cover. Other

parameters such as ammonia and BOD were

higher in the control pond. There was however no

significant difference between the mean values of

water quality parameters of fish pond with 15%

water hyacinth cover when compared with the

one without cover. This again suggests that

covering the surface of African catfish pond

up to 15% with water hyacinth may not

confer any significant advantage on such ponds.

Since the water in the fish pond with water

those in the control pond was changed weekly

and since there was no significant difference

in the performance of the two ponds, it can

also be concluded that the use of water hyacinth

can give rise to a considerable reduction in the

amount of water required for raising African

catfish This finding is particularly useful in

areas with low water availability.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322
640506_Effects_of_water_hyacinth_Eichhorni
a_crassipes_on_the_physicochemical_proper
ties_of_fishpond_water_and_growth_of_Afric
an_catfish

Linda S. Integrated February 2009 Herbecid Combining diquat with M. terrestris improved
Nelson and Weed e has hydrilla control under these experimental conditions.
Judy F. Management improve Compared to untreated plants, a 2-hr exposure to
Shearer Strategies for d the 0.370 mg diquat L-1 combined with 0.042 g L-1 M.
Control of terrestris reduced hydrilla by 99.6 percent. Diquat
hydrilla
Hydrilla and pathogen applied alone at these rates and
control.
contact times only controlled plants by 70 and 41
percent, respectively. Similar synergistic interactions
were noted with treatment combinations of 0.370 mg
diquat L-1 with either 0.028 or 0.042 g M. terrestris L-
1 for a 4-hr contact time. An 8-hr exposure to diquat
at 0.185 mg L-1 combined with M. terrestris (all rates)
was also effective, reducing hydrilla by an average of
91 percent. Similar exposure to diquat alone at this
rate only controlled 52 percent of hydrilla.
Overall, the results of this study showed
that diquat is compatible with M. terrestris as an
integrated application strategy for controlling hydrilla.
Combining herbicide and pathogen reduced hydrilla
 biomass better than either agent applied alone.
Enhanced weed control when herbicides are applied
in combination with fungal pathogens has been
reported on other plant species (both terrestrial and
aquatic) (Nelson and Shearer 2005).

https://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/hydrilla/PDF/Nel
son_and_Shearer_2009_ERDCTN.pdf
Karim Fungi March 2012 Waterhyacinth is considered the world’s worst
Dagno, occurring on aquatic weed (Lata and Dubey 2010). As in many
Rachid waterhyacinth tropical and subtropical regions worldwide,
Lahlali, (Eichhornia waterhyacinth creates serious agricultural and
Mamourou crassipes navigation problems in District of Bamako in Mali
Diourté, [Martius] (Figure 1). The plant not only affects irrigation, water
and M. Solms- flow, water use, and navigation, it also poses a health
Haïssam Laubach) in risk by enabling the breeding of mosquitoes,
Jijakli Niger River in bilharzias, and other human parasites (Adebayo and
Mali and their Uyi 2010).
evaluation as
mycoherbicide Several billion dollars are spent each year by the
s Office du Niger and Energie du Mali to control this
weed in the Niger River (Dagno et al. 2007).

The biological control of weeds by means of plant

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rachid_La
hlali/publication/216740099_Fungi_occurring_on
_water_hyacinth_Eichhornia_crassipes_Martius_
Solms-
Laubach_in_Niger_River_in_Mali_and_their_eval
uation_as_mycoherbicides/links/0912f4fa93daad
c5ae000000/Fungi-occurring-on-water-hyacinth-
Eichhornia-crassipes-Martius-Solms-Laubach-in-
Niger-River-in-Mali-and-their-evaluation-as-
mycoherbicides.pdf?origin=publication_detail
Patrick J. Influence of 2012 Chemical Populations of waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes
Moran biological and Bio [Mart.] Solms.) in the southeastern United States
control Control is have been reduced through separate biological and
damage on Effective chemical control efforts. However, damaging
efficacy of populations are still widespread, and integrated
in
penoxsulam approaches are needed. In this study, the effect of
Control
and two other combined application of penoxsulam (2-(2,2-
aquatic of difluoroethoxy)- 6-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(5,8-
herbicides on Populati dimethoxy[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5c] pyrimidin-2-yl)-
waterhyacinth on of benzenesulfonamide) and biological control (BC)
water agents (Neochetina spp. waterhyacinth weevils and a
 hyacinth conidial suspension of the fungus Cercospora piaropi
s Tharp) on mortality and colony growth was examined
in outdoor tanks. BC alone caused damage but did not
kill shoots. Combined BC and penoxsulam application
reduced time to death by 1 to 2 weeks compared to
penoxsulam alone in subsurface applications at 5 to
10 μg ai L-1 or in foliar applications at 0.035 kg ai ha-
1. At 10 μg ai L-1, this combination also caused a net
decline in shoot density. Penoxsulam and BC killed
plants 3 weeks earlier than did triclopyr (3,5,6,-
trichloro-2-pyrinyloxyacetic acid, triethylamine salt;
0.42 kg ae ha-1) and BC, or glyphosate (N-
[phosphonomethyl]glycine, isopropylamine salt; 0.56
kg ae ha-1) and BC in a winter test. Triclopyr with or
without BC killed plants 3 weeks earlier than the
other two herbicides in a summer test. The efficacy of
penoxsulam was positively influenced by biological
control damage, indicating that damage surveys prior
to application may permit dose reduction to achieve
efficacy.
Wilson Jr., 2006 Biocontr The release of classical biological control agents has
Rees M. Population reduced the economic, environmental and social
ol is
and Ajuonu regulation of problems caused
effective by water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes; however,
O. a classical
method additional control measures are needed in some
biological locations. Water hyacinth plants were treated with
in
control different densities of eggs of the weevil Neochetina
controlli eichhorniae Warner, one of the main control agents,
agent: larval
ng the under different nutrient regimes in a controlled
density water experiment. Plants were destructively sampled and the
dependence hyacinth. development of N. eichhorniae was assessed. The
in survival of first and second instars declined as larval
density increased. Plant nutrient status did not directly
Neochetina affect the mortality rate of larvae, but at higher nutrient
eichhorniae concentrations larvae developed faster and were
(Coleoptera: larger at a given developmental stage. It is argued that
the density dependence operating in N. eichhorniae
Curculionida
occurs through an interaction between young larvae
e), a and leaf longevity. Consequently, events which
biological disrupt water hyacinth leaf dynamics, e.g. frost or foliar
control agent herbicides, will have a disproportionately large effect
on the control agents and may reduce the level of
of water hyac control of the host.
inth Eichhorn
ia crassipes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1655633
5
Anjanabha EJEAFChe 2010 BG of Water hyacinth was introduced as an ornamental
Bhattachar (Electronic Water crop species in many countries more than a century
ya. et al Journal of hyacinth ago, because of their attractive blue, lilac to purplish
Environment, s flowers and round to oval leaves. They were supplied
Agricultural to many gardeners and horticulture institutes and
and Food were supposed to be a prized species. Soon, it was
Chemistry) realized to be an invasive species due to their
adaptability to a wide type of fresh water ecosystems
and interference with human activities. Thus a huge
amount of money, and efforts have been invested
 since then for their management. However, it was
recently realized that they could be substainably
managed in their natural ecosystem and used in
biofuel production, generating ample avenues of
research, development and marketing of their end
product (i.e. bioethanol and biogas). As the search for
alternatives to fossil fuel intensifies in this age of
modernization and industrialization, fuelled by
increasing energy costs, water hyacinth holds a strong
promise in the 21st century biofuel industry.

https://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2010/201
03065885.pdf
Adugnaw Controlling October 2017 Conclusion Tricothecium roseum, Aspergillus ŇĂǀĞƐ,
Admas*, Water Trichoderma spp1, Fusarium spp, Rhizocotonia spp,
Samuael Hyacinth in Aspergillus niger and Trichdoerma spp fungi were
Sahle, Lake Tana promising to eradicate water hyacinth at above 26°C
Erehmet Using and at less than 25% humidity. However, before tried
Belete, Biological to release to the lake the impacts of those species on
Aklilu Method at biodiversity of the lake should be study by taking the
Agidie and Green House rĞƉrĞƐĞnƚĂƟvĞ ĂqƵĂƟc biodiversity of the lake.
Mehari and Pond
Alebachew Level http://www.imedpub.com/articles/controlling-water-
hyacinth-in-lake-tana-using-biological-method-at-
green-house-and-pond-level.pdf
Wilson et 2001
al. According to Wilson et al. (2001) there are five main
factors limiting the growth rate and carrying capacity
of water hyacinth: salinity, temperature, nutrients,
disturbance and natural enemies.

http://www.fao.org/3/i1141e/i1141e04.pdf
N. Jafari June 2010 Potential Around the world, there is an increasing trend
benefits in areas of land, surface waters and groundwater
of Water affected by contamination from industrial, military
Hyacinth and agricultural activities due to either ignorance,
lack of vision, or carelessness. In the last three
s
decades a special interest in the world is aroused by
the potential of using the biological methods in the
waste water treatment. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia
crassipes) constitutes an important part of an aquatic
ecosystem. Water hyacinth as a very promising plant
with tremendous application in wastewater
treatment is already proved. Water hyacinth is used
to treat waste water from dairies, tanneries, sugar
factories, pulp and paper industries, palm oil mills,
distilleries, etc. All the efforts of scientists and
technocrats all over the world to eliminate these
weeds by chemical and biological means have met
with little success. The water hyacinth have been
found to have potential for use as phytoremediation,
paper, organic fertilizer, biogas production, human
food, fiber, animal fodder