E3S Web of Conferences 31, 11002 (2018)

https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183111002
ICENIS 2017

Enterprise Architecture Planning in developing A planning

Information System: a Case Study of Semarang State University
Kholiq Budiman1,*, Toni Prahasto2, and Amie Kusumawardhani3
1
Magister Program of Information System, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang – Indonesia
3
Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Business, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia

Abstract. This research has applied an integrated design and development of planning information system,
which is been designed using Enterprise Architecture Planning. Frequent discrepancy between planning and
realization of the budget that has been made, resulted in ineffective planning, is one of the reason for doing
this research. The design using EAP aims to keep development aligned and in line with the strategic
direction of the organization. In the practice, EAP is carried out in several stages of the planning initiation,
identification and definition of business functions, proceeded with architectural design and EA
implementation plan that has been built. In addition to the design of the Enterprise Architecture, this
research carried out the implementation, and was tested by several methods of black box and white box.
Black box testing method is used to test the fundamental aspects of the software, tested by two kinds of
testing, first is using User Acceptance Testing and the second is using software functionality testing. White
box testing method is used to test the effectiveness of the code in the software, tested using unit testing.
Tests conducted using white box and black box on the integrated planning information system, is declared
successful. Success in the software testing can not be ascertained if the software built has not shown any
distinction from prior circumstance to the development of this integrated planning information system. For
ensuring the success of this system implementation, the authors test consistency between the planning of
data and the realization of prior-use of the information system, until after-use information system. This
consistency test is done by reducing the time data of the planning and realization time. From the tabulated
data, the planning information system that has been built reduces the difference between the planning time
and the realization time, in which indicates that the planning information system can motivate the planner
unit in realizing the budget that has been designed. It also proves that the value chain of the information
planning system has brought implications for budget realization.

1 Introduction achieving the objectives organization, because the way

using and building the information system not in
Weak and not mature planning in a government budget accordance with the direction and goals and needs [2].
process resulting in low absorption of the budget. The Enterprise architecture is very important for the
minimum absorption can be prevented by revising the conversion of information systems and develop a new
budget during the unaccomplished budget period. system that will optimize the company's mission. This is
However, because the delivery of a limited budget achieved in terms of logical or business (eg, objectives
revisions make the realization of the budget in the unit and business functions, information flow, and the
not the same as planning revision resulted in the environment outside the system) and technical (e.g.,
reporting process will be more difficult to do. If the software, hardware, communications), and includes
revised budget reporting process is not easy, then it will plans harmonization for the transition from basic
take a long time to report budget changes, causing the environment to targeted e-government environment [3].
budget too long to be arranged, it shows the weakness of To the real needs that exist in the budget absorption
budgeting [1]. With the help of information systems, effective enterprise architecture also did not excluded
budget report will be easier, because administrative data rules that are used as budgetary constraints.
that is processed will be more accurate and human errors
will be more easily prevented too. 2 Theory
The construction and development of information 2.1 Enterprise Architecture
systems should be in harmony and in accordance with
the organization's (Enterprise) strategic direction, many Architecture is an area of science in information systems
cases of failure of information systems management in that basically meant to build the foundation of the

*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
E3S Web of Conferences 31, 11002 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183111002
ICENIS 2017

structure, characteristics behaviors and principles as well the existing architecture is essential for EAP [5]. It is
as a guide, alteration and operation in the making and therefore not developed in isolation enterprise, EAP
developing of the system in the long term [4]. should be looked at in the perspective of enterprise-wide.
Enterprise Architecture(EA) is a representation of the The steps in using Enterprise Architecture planning is
structure and behavior of a company's business shown in Fig. 1.
processes. This is describe a system that currently exists
and the system in the future. EA include:
• An insight into the utilization current information
technology in business operations
• A vision for the future utilization of information
technology in business operations, and
• A roadmap for the evolution of information technology
landscape from the current state to the future state,
along with the transient states in between [4].

2.2 Enterprise Architecture Planning

Fig. 1. Layers in the EAP [5]
Enterprise Architecture Planning (Enterprise
Architecture Planning, EAP) is a collection of
architectural and strategic fields which include 2.3 Zachman Framework
information, business systems, and architectural
engineering [5]. EAP is a modern approach to the Enterprise Architecture Framework is a set of
planning of the quality of data in order to achieve the assumptions, concepts, values and practices that
mission of Information Systems. EAP is also a process constitute a realistic perspective of a company through
of defining a number of architectures, that is: data the perspective of architectural models. So EA offers
architecture, application architecture, and architecture in fixed structures and assist the designer in developing,
using information technology to support the business. maintaining and using EA [4]. Zachman Framework was
EAP has associated with how to align business strategy originally an enterprise modeling tool. Basically
with IT strategy in which the organization's business Zachman is a 6x6 matrix that defines 6 levels that are
strategy development will be the starting point for relevant for any company. The arrangement provided by
determining the IT strategy further. EAP will provide a the Zachman framework placed on all relevant scales, as
map of the enterprise and enterprise plan to change the well as on all relevant aspects and also take into account
path of business and technology. The linkage between all the conditions [6].

Fig. 2. Zachman Framework [7]

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ICENIS 2017

the functionality of the software. This black-box testing

2.4 EAP & Zachman Framework
ignoring the effectiveness of the internal structure and
EAP is part of the Zachman Framework. in the Zachman software. Thus it is programmer or testers get a series of
Framework, EAP include first and second row of the input conditions that fully utilizes all of the functional
first three columns as shown in Fig. 3. requirements for a program. While Gray box testing
allows testers to focus on all layers of the software by
combining Black Box and White Box [9]. By combining
the two tests is expected to make the software more
effective in its use because the code is structured and has
been functioning effectively.

Fig. 3. Relations EAP & Zachman Framework

Fig. 5. Gray Box Testing [9]
2.5 Value Chain Model (Value Chain)

Model of value chain consists of a series of activities that 2.7 Planning and Budget
create and build a margin value that can generate added
Planning means to predefine possible activities and how
value for the organization [8]. The value chain provides
to do it. Planning is an effort to anticipate before doing
a framework for identifying and inventorying areas of
something so that what is done can be managed properly
business functions is by grouping functional areas into
aim is to provide the process feed forward in order to
core activities and supporting activities.
give direction to every manager in decision making daily
operations [11], the linkage between planning and
budgeting described in the Fig. 6.

Fig. 4. The Value Chain Model [8]

2.6 Software Testing

Software testing used to identify errors of its information
system, deficiencies or errors in the application code is
must be corrected, this test has the main purpose is to fix
errors to guarantee the quality, reliability estimation,
validation and verification of software that is built [9].
There are three techniques to look for errors in the Fig. 6. Linkages Planning and Budget [11]
software it is White-box test, Black-box test and the
Gray-box test [9]. Structural test (or so-called white-box Budget is a plan of systematically arranged, which
tests and glass-box tests) found a bug in structural covers all activities of the company, which is expressed
elements such low levels structure that occur at the level in units (entity) monetary and valid for a period of time
of code, database schemas, chips, subassemblies and (period) certain to come [12].
interfaces [10]. Structural testing is based on how a In the execution of the budget can be considered
system operates. Black box testing is test intended to test effective if it meets several criteria, including:

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E3S Web of Conferences 31, 11002 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183111002
ICENIS 2017

• Prediction activities • Identify candidate applications to be created and

• Clear rules developed to match the needs of business functions are
• Accounting calculations are accurate, reliable and identified;
precise • Identify actors and designing use case useful for
• Appropriate information and can be easily understood related actors to business functions that support
• Support at all levels of the organization both the most applications that are built;
top level to the lowest level in the organization [1]. • Designing Data Flow Diagram to relate the data
entities and business functions that will be
accommodated applications.
3 Research Methods • Designing Class diagram that contains objects that
support business functions identified
3.1 Initialize method Planning
The initiation phase is the initial phase of the study in 3.3.3 Architecture Technology
which the author identifies the basic rules that exist In designing architecture technology steps that must be
within an existing budget budgeting especially those in done include :
the case study that is at the University. • Identify technologies that can support data architecture
and application architecture which has been designed
3.2 Methods Identify and define business so that the use of appropriate technology will be
functions possible;
• Describing the concept of technology is built into a
At this stage, identification of key functions in conceptual-frame.
budgeting. Based on observations made there are six
major functions of budgeting in the University:
• Determining the purpose to determine the plans and 3.4 Methods of Implementation Plan Planning
strategies of each unit in the university. and Budget
• Analyzing the available resources, those in terms of Implementation plan is a plan for the realization of the
revenue coming from routine income that is from system to be built consists of the selection of
students payment and non-routine income. programming languages, system test planning,
• Negotiating in the forecast budget components preparation of human resources and other needs that will
• Coordinate and review the budgeting component be required in the field. This implementation plan is
• Final approval from policy makers useful in the implementation guide data architecture and
• Distributing the budget approved architectural applications made for formulated into an
information system that can be used in accordance with
3.3 Architectural Design Method the initial requirements

3.3.1 Data Architecture 3.5 Implementation of the System

In designing data architecture steps that must be done In implementing the system, the authors made the
include : development of information systems in accordance with
• Identifying candidates that are possible to support the the priorities that have been planned before the priority
business entity; is based on the system which is the holding data from the
• Identifying modeling data such as hierarchical, planning system itself and proceed with system priorities
network and relational model; that are identified using matrix data flow entity
• Make a diagram of relationships between entities. relationship data against business functions.
Modeling that describes the relationship between
entities can use the E-RD (Entity-Relationalship 3.6 Results Testing Method of Enterprise
Diagram) Architecture
• Data entities relate to the identification of business
functions that have been performed to determine Testing of Enterprise Architecture is intended to test the
create, read / reference and update the data so that it draft that has been created is already in line with user
can be a reference to the development of applications, needs, the needs of companies and the rules that apply in
where entities that support the functions done first the planning process. In this test done with black-box
because it create a source of data / master data. and white box testing to users. Black-box testing
intended to test whether the system has been designed
according to the EA can be accepted by the user by using
3.3.2 Application Architecture
UAT (User Acceptance Testing), in addition to testing
In designing application architecture steps that must be with UAT, authors also take functional tests performed
done include : by the user, in this case is part of planning and
information system at Semarang State University using

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ICENIS 2017

functional testing, the writer can see if the system is determination of possible activities and how to carry out
running properly according to its function. these activities.
• Systems Implementation Plan
3.7 Analysis System Implemented
This information system is used to clarify the budget that
Analysis of integrated planning information system were previously defined in the budgeting information
which has been applied to an object of research system, and the benefits of this system is to explain as
conducted to obtain valid data on the implementation of clearly as possible the steps of each activity to defining
the information system itself or not. Valid data that you the detailed step-activity (time, person, place, spending
want to search from the analysis of implementing details) by defining the full implementation of the
information systems integrated planning is in the form of realization is also easier because there is a guide
data changes between planning data and data realization. implementation of the plan.
• Operational-Reporting System
4 Results
This reporting information system is a system used to
4.1 Initialization and Identification Business make a proposal before the project is implemented and
Functions used too for reporting activities that have been realized
with details of activities undertaken.
Initiation by the author in the planning system takes
some of the information system that supports the • LAKIP Information Systems
objectives of the budget or the planning itself, the
This system is used as a support in the planning system
purpose of planning and budget is categorized into a
because the system is required to support the reporting
number of things which the authors make it as an Key
function in the budget.
performance Indicator. The following indicators of
success outlined by the initiation of the identification of Of the few systems that are described by the authors
the rules and the important things that become the above have their respective different destinations that
primary function of the planning itself, it is: exist in these systems support the value chain so as to
• Integrated planning information systems can be used in form a complete integrated system planning. The value
the planning process and strategic plan of a unit / sub- chain that will result from the integration of the system
structured organization (Budget support planning described in Fig. 7.
function).
• Integrated Planning Information System can be used
for coordination (Budget support coordination
function).
• Terintegras Planning Information System can be used
in communicating in the budgeting process (Budget
support communication functions).
• Integrated Planning Information System to motivate
the executive in carrying out the activities that have
been budgeted and can achieve the goals (Budget As a
function of motivation).
• Integrated Planning Information System can be used as
a means of controlling the activities (Budget as a
Control and Evaluation).
• Integrated Planning Information System can be used as Fig. 7. Value Chain Planning System
a means of optimizing activities to achieve the
objectives of the strategic plan of the unit.
• Planning Information System can be used as a tool for
monitoring the activities, so that the activities carried
out does not deviate from the plan and strategy and 4.2 Data Architecture
organizational units (Budget as Education).
Based on the data entity identification by author on
Information system who identified by the author and integrated planning information system generates the
required in enterprise architecture planning information data entity relationships as shown in Fig. 8.
system including:
• Budgeting Information System

Budgeting information system is the primary system,

which includes the main function of planning is to

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Fig. 10. Use case Planning Implementation of Activity System

Fig. 8. Entity Relationship Data

4.3 Application Architecture

Products of this application architecture is use case, Fig. 11. Use case Activity Reporting System
DFD, and also class diagram

4.3.1 Use case Diagram

In the integrated system described use case each actor to
function. The planning information system is divided
into 4 use case diagrams based on the function they
have, the first diagram is used for the budgeting system
in which the system is used to plan all budgeting within
the university, this budgeting use case is shown on Fig.
9. Second is the use case used as the implementation Fig. 12. Use case Reporting Performance System
plan of the activity, this use case explains and describes
how the implementation of activities in the budgeting
system will be implemented, this use case is shown on 4.3.2 Class Diagram Planning system
Fig. 10. Third is the use case used for reporting, this use
In facilitating the implementation of the system required
case has a function to view the report between the
class diagram that shows the relationship, dependency
budgeting system and its realization, the use case is
and the relationship between objects and classes that are
shown on Fig. 11. The last use case used to see the
contained in information systems planning. Class
performance of a unit seen from the achievement of the
diagrams contained in the information system planning
realized realization, the use case is shown on Fig. 12.
showed in Fig. 13.

Fig. 9. Use case Budgeting System Fig. 13. Class Diagram Planning System

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4.3.3 Architecture Technology value obtained from the ease and effectiveness of
integrated planning information system that has
In designing this architecture technology the author been built has a percentage value of 168/45/5 x 100
describes into the conceptual network architecture shown = 75%.
in Fig. 14. b. system planning information can be used in the
process of planning plans and strategies of a unit /
sub-organizations are structured so that all the
planned activities of a unit within the budget in
accordance with the plans and strategies that are
owned by a unit so this application supports the
planning function has a percentage value of 186 /
45/5 x 100 = 83%.
c. Information Systems integrated planning can be
used to coordinate the budget so that every unit that
exist within an organization can coordinate well
Fig. 14. Conceptual Network Technology and does not cause a miss conception between unit
and providers of funds so that the planning system
4.4 Implementation of Application supports support functions of coordination has the
percentage of the 166/45/5 x 100 = 75 %.
In the implementation, authors write the program code d. Integrated Planning Information System can be
and create a database of architectural structure that has used to communicate in the budgeting process so
been designed. Then in the execution priorities author that everyone in the organization is responsible for
adjust to the importance of using entity relationship the budget has been drawn up so that the system
matrix data from flow data against business functions supports the planning information communication
illustrated in Fig. 15, Due to the EAP approach has the function has the percentage of 175/45/5 x 100 =
principle application is made or form (create) done first 78%.
than to other applications, so that the budgeting system e. Analysis of integrated information systems
has a priority to work earlier than other applications. planning can motivate implementers in activities
already budgeted and can achieve the goals that
support the functions of information systems
planning motivation has a percentage of 183/45/5 x
100 = 81%.
f. Analysis of information systems integrated
planning can be used as a means of controlling the
activities because the approved budget is the
commitment of the implementers who participate in
the preparation of the budget so that the system
supports the function of controlling and evaluation
has the percentage of the 182/45/5 x 100 = 81% ,
g. Analysis of integrated planning information system
can be used as a means of optimizing activities to
Fig. 15. Matrix Data Flow from Data Entity Relation to the achieve the objectives of the strategic plan unit has
Business function
a percentage value of 185/45/5 x 100 = 82%.
h. Analysis of planning information systems can be
4.5 Testing Applications used as a tool for monitoring the activities, so that
the activities carried out does not deviate from the
In testing this application the author use gray-box testing plan and strategy and organizational units so that
techniques, it is the merger between black box and white the information system supporting the planning of
box testing techniques. educational functions has the percentage of the
161/45/5 x 100 = 72%.
4.5.1 Black box Testing
As for the functional testing conducted by researchers
Black box testing conducted by the author using two from each of the test items in the form of business
methods it is by User Acceptance Testing (UAT) and functions identified indicates success.
also functional test where the two tests are without
looking at the structure of the programming code. UAT 4.5.2 Whit box Testing
testing is done by using the instrument of acceptance
taken from the success indicator that has been set and In the white-box testing these researchers used unit
adjusted with the planning function. Here are the results testing. Unit testing is code-based testing performed by
of the UAT: the developer, this test is performed on each test
a. From the calculation results of questionnaires individual units separately. White box testing results can
obtained from 45 respondents, the percentage of the be seen in Fig. 16.

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Fig. 16. White box Testing Results

4.6 Information Systems Analysis

The analysis was performed to determine that the system
can control the activities of planning information to
remain focused on the process of planning and
implementation (realization), it is this which makes one
of the added value (added value) of the integrated Fig. 17. Graph Average Difference Planning and Realization
planning information systems that are built using EAP.

Analysis was performed using the planning and 5 Conclusions

realization of the data prior to use integrated planning
and information systems after usage of integrated Judging from the analysis of the User acceptance Test
information systems. Testing is done by finding the each question in User Acceptance Test has a percentage
difference between the plan and the date of realization. If score above 70%. This shows that the integrated
the difference is very high, it is indicates that the information system that is designed to use EAP is
implementation or realization is not consistent and can effective and easy to use and most importantly
be said to be planning to do less than the maximum. In information system integrated planning is in accordance
the analysis of this system the authors saw that the time with the functions of planning / budgeting is the
data from the planning and the time realized tends to planning, the coordination function, the communication
retreat in its implementation. Writer screening data and function, the function of motivation, controlling and
finding the difference between the time data planning evaluation function and educational function.
and implementation period. Data were analyzed by Integrated planning information system has been able
researchers tabulated on Table 1.The table shows that the to motivate the executor in carrying out the activities that
average difference between before and after the use of already budgeted, can be seen in the graph the average
information systems planning tends to fall. difference between execution of the activities carried out
by the time budgeted in the plan, after implementation
information system planning applied the difference
Table 1. The average data tabulation Difference Planning and between planning and realization is becoming less. This
Realization shows absorption of the budgeting information system
Month Year Information
makes budget more realized timely..
15:48 January 2016 From the analysis of users acceptance Testing,
15:34 February 2016 planning system integrated is already qualified as a
system of communication and coordination system
15:11 March 2016
between planner unit and provider of funds, as well as
14.72 April 2016 the result of the difference between the schedule of
15:40 May 2016 implementation and budgeting more timely because of
Before Use the planning information system is definitely a miss
15:33 June 2016 Information conception between planner unit and provider of funds.
15:56 July 2016 Systems

15:26 August 2016 References

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