International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 2, February - 2014

Behaviour of Elevated Water Tank under Sloshing

Effect
Prof. Wakchaure M. Ra* , Besekar Sonal S.b**
a b
Dean & Asso. Professor, Dept.of Civil Engineering, P.G.Student, Dept.of Civil Engineering
Amrutvahini College of Engineering, Amrutvahini College of Engineering,
Sangamner - 422608, Maharashtra Sangamner - 422608, Maharashtra,
India India

Abstract - During the past few years in elevated service stage, in predicting the seismic response of tank structures
reservoir have undergone considerable developments, not because of its mathematical difficulties determining the
only in the structural conception, modeling and method of elevation of the unknown moving free surface and in
evaluating the geometrically non-linear boundary conditions
analysis, but also in the materials employed and the on the liquid surface. However with the use of computers and
methods of construction.This dissertation aims at finite element techniques, the studies have been started and
developing an understanding of dynamic analysis & carried out on the sloshing effect. Therefore in the present
response spectrum solution for reinforced elevated service study an attempt has been made to study the effect of sloshing
reservoir having sloshing behaviour in different four on the wall and roof of the elevated tanks considering
condition 1) circular ESR 2) circular with compartment nonlinearity by ANSYS software
ESR 3) rectangular ESR 4) rectangular with compartment
. Liquid storage tanks are considered essential lifeline 2. NUMERICAL PROBLEM STATEMENT
structures. Water tanks, in particular, are important to the
continued operation of water distribution system in event A RC circular water container of 50 m3 capacity has internal
of earthquakes. Most of the failures of large tanks after diameter of 4.65 m and height of 3.3 m (including freeboard of
RT
earthquakes are suspected to have resulted from the 0.3 m). It is supported on RC staging consisting of 4 columns
dynamic buckling caused by overturning moments of of 450 mm dia. with horizontal bracings of 300x 450 mm at
seismically induced liquid inertia and surface slosh waves. four levels. The lowest supply level is 12 m above ground
IJE

Recent earthquakes have shown that liquid storage tanks level. Staging conforms to ductile detailing as per IS 13920.
are found to be vulnerable to damage. It is noted that Staging columns have isolated rectangular footings at a depth
under nonlinear conditions, sloshing heights are larger of 2m from ground level. Tank is located on soft soil in
than those calculated under linear condition. In the seismic zone II. Grade of staging concrete and steel are M25
present study sloshing effect & dynamic analysis in and Fe500, respectively. Density of concrete is 25 KN/m3.
elevated water tank is studied by using Finite Element Analyze the tank for seismic loads.
Method (FEM) based computer software ANSYS. The Solution:- Tank must be analysed for tank full and empty
main object of this paper is –1) T o compare the Static conditions.
and Dynamic analysis of elevated water tank. 2) To Consider Zones II (as per IS 1893:2002 & IITK-GSDMA
study the dynamic response of elevated water tank by guidelines for seismic design of liquid storage tanks.) for
both the methods. 3) To study the hydrodynamic effect analysis.
on elevated water tank.& behaviour of water in different
state with change of depth of water in tank (15%, 2.1 Formulation of Problems
30%,50% ,75% and full) 4) response spectrum analysis of
elevated service reservoir. Table 2.1 : Constants which are considered for calculation

Keywords: Elevated Water tank; Finite Element Method, Sr. Constant Values Remarks
Response Spectrum, ANSYS, Modal Analysis, Sloshing Wave No.
1 Z 0.1 Structure
height of water.
assumed in Zone
II
1. INTRODUCTION 2 I 1.5 Importance
Seismic safety of ground based and elevated liquid filled Factor
containers is of great concern because of potential economic 3 R 3 Response
loss that might be incurred due to structural failure of the Reduction Factor
liquid container as well as the potential environmental impact 4 M-25 Grade of
the spilling of the contained liquid might have to surrounding Concrete
area. The nonlinear wave approach was not attempted at initial 5 Fe-500 Grade of Steel

IJERTV3IS20287 www.ijert.org 374

 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 2, February - 2014

Figure. 2.4 Response Spectrum of Bhuj Earthquake (2001) in X direction and Z

direction[2]

3.PROPOSED ESR MODELS

Figure 2.1 Details of tank geometry In this project different four RCC elevated service reservoir
models proposed for study. Problem Considered for study is
2.2 Fluid-Structure Interaction having same capacity, location, staging height, bracing
As proposed by GSDMA guideline, spring mass analogue of interval and number of columns for all models.
tank-liquid system forms the basis for evaluating Model 1: RCC Circular ESR.
hydrodynamic pressure in most of the design codes across the Model 2: RCC Circular ESR with compartment.
globe. During lateral base excitation seismic ground Model 3: RCC Rectangular ESR
acceleration causes hydrodynamic pressure on the tank wall Model 4: RCC Rectangular ESR with compartment.
which depends on the geometry of tank, height of liquid,
properties of liquid and fluid-tank interaction.
RT
IJE

Figure 2.2 FEM model for fluid-strucutre-interaction

added mass approach
Fig. 3.1 circular elevated reservoir & with compartment

Figure 2.3 (a) Westergaard added mass concept (b)

2.3 Response Spectrum Analysis

Fig.3.2 Rectangular elevated reservoir & with Compartment

4. RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Following results getting form different types of elevated
service reservoir & comparison of different four tanks are
below. From analysis following graphs are taken out by
application of all the stresses ,deformation and forces &
Results are carry out form ANSYS.

IJERTV3IS20287 www.ijert.org 375

 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 2, February - 2014

a. Circular/with comprtment/rectangular/with
compartment elevated service reservoir
In ESR following analysis taking out.
i) Static
ii) Modal( dynamic)
iii) Response spectra(seismic analysis) tanks

Table:- 4.1 Comparison of Parameters For Four Different

rectangular
circular with with
sr. circular compartmen rectangul compartment
no. parameters tank t tank ar tank tank
4.386e+006 7.263e+006 8.1436e+0 8.4084e+006
1 static stress(max.) Pa Pa 06 Pa Pa
Graph 4.1 :- circular tank Pressure Magnitude Vs
sress (min.) 3098.1 Pa 12442 Pa 9274.5 Pa 1987.9 Pa Total Deformation maximum(modal)
total
deformation 3.3701e- 5.8525e-004 6.7232e- 6.8548e-004
(max) 003 m m 004 m m
total
deformation
(min) 0. m 0. m 0. m 0. m
directional
deformation 7.0016e-
(max.) 007 m 0. m 0. m 0. m
directional
deformation -1.0586e- -4.3722e- -4.5343e-004
(min) 003 m -3.56e-004 m 004 m m
3.1571e+00 1.0997e+007 1.0214e+0 9.6969e+006
2 modal stress(max.) 6 Pa Pa 07 Pa Pa

sress (min.) 195.06 Pa 390.49 Pa 489.77 Pa 743.25 Pa

RT
total
deformation 4.5208e- 2.3654e-003 2.465e- 2.3419e-003 Graph 4.2 :- circular tank Pressure Magnitude Vs
(max) 003 m m 003 m m Directional Deformation maximum(responce spectra)
total
IJE

deformation
(min) 0m 0. m 0. m 0. m
directional
deformation 1.7021e- 1.7136e-006 4.4808e- 4.6286e-007
(max.) 006 m m 007 m m
directional
deformation -1.6637e- -1.2808e-004 -9.8265e- -8.3915e-004
(min) 004 m m 004 m m
respon
se
spectru Equivalent 1.1246e+00 3.5267e+006 3.6518e+0 3.9558e+006
3 m Stress(max.) 6 Pa Pa 06 Pa Pa
Equivalent
Stress(min.) 289.28 Pa 805.7 Pa 833.87 Pa 1116.6 Pa
normal 1.0084e+00 3.6953e+006 3.6897e+0 4.0269e+006
stress(max.) 6 Pa Pa 06 Pa Pa
normal Graph 4.3 :- circular with compt. tank Pressure Magnitude Vs
stress(min.) 55.36 Pa 370.95 Pa 318.21 Pa 229.03 Pa Total deforamtion maximum(modal)
shear 1.8951e+00 8.0149e+005 9.3923e+0 1.0366e+006
stress(max.) 5 Pa Pa 05 Pa Pa
shear
stress(min.) 22.945 Pa 60.116 Pa 188.36 Pa 53.772 Pa
9.6354e-004
Directional 1.5786e- 8.4749e-004 8.8073e- m
Deformation 003 m m 004 m

Graph 4.4 :- circular with compt. tank Pressure Magnitude Vs Directional Deformation
maximum(responce spectra

IJERTV3IS20287 www.ijert.org 376

 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 2, February - 2014

4. 2 Discussion About Results

From above result we see that due to sloshing effect of water
on tank,
1. The maximum stresses in static condition in circular water
tank is 4.386e+006 Pa which is lower than the max. stresses in
circular with compartment is 7.263e+006 Pa. in similar way in
rectangular tank the max. stresses is 8.1436e+006 Pa which is
lower than the rectangular with compartment is 8.4084e+006
Pa. this is due to the increases of load of compartment in that
tank. We also find similar result in modal & response
spectrum condition.
2.The total deformation of tank in static condition the
deformation in circular tank is 3.3701e-003 m & which is less
Graph 4.5:- Rectangular tank Pressure Magnitude Vs
in circular with compartment is 5.8525e-004 m. also in
Total deformation (modal) rectangular and rectangular with compartment we find same
result in static, & modal (dynamic ) analysis .
3.The directional deformation in static condition zero value in
all types of tanks, but in response spectrum analysis in circular
tank is 1.5786e-003 m & which is less in circular with
compartment is 8.4749e-004 m. similar result in rectangular
tank & rectangular with compartment which is 8.8073e-004 m
& 9.6354e-004 m. above results are for sloshing effect of
100% filled.
4. For 50% filled tank the directional deformation in response
spectrum condition are 1.5758e-003 m & & which is less in
circular with compartment is 8.4727e-004 m. similar result in
rectangular tank & rectangular with compartment which is
8.8046e-004 m & 9.6325e-004 m.
Graph 4.6:- Rectangular tank Pressure Magnitude Vs
RT
Directional deformation (responce spectra)
5. CONCLUSION

On the basis of the results obtained in the study, although it is

IJE

apparent that certain aspects of behavior of water tank are not

yet clearly understood a number of conclusions may drawn
.Following are the important conclusions:
1. Generally if the water tank is excited due to
earthquake ground motion the displacement of water in the
tank depends upon the volume of water contained in it.
2. Sloshing frequency is an important parameter in the
seismic analysis of tank-liquid system. For the regular tank
geometries, such as circular and rectangular, the analytical
expressions for sloshing frequency are quite well known.
3. The critical response of elevated tanks does not
Graph 4.7 :- Rectangular with compt. tank Pressure Magnitude Vs
Total deformation maximum(modal) always occur in full condition, it may also occur under half
condition. The critical response depends on the earthquake
characteristics and particularly frequency content of
earthquake records.
4. The critical response of the elevated tank due to fact
that the hydrodynamic pressures of container in half condition
as compared with the full condition are higher. In addition to
the critical response, depends on the earthquake characteristics
and particularly frequency content of earthquake records.
Thus, Structure response to each record in addition to the
dynamic properties of the structure also depends on the above
mentioned properties.
5. Elevated water tank with compartment reduce the
Graph 4.8 :- Rectangular with compt. tank Pressure Magnitude Vs sloshing effect & stress, deflection, deformations of the tank.
directional deformation maximum(response spectra)

IJERTV3IS20287 www.ijert.org 377

 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 2, February - 2014

6. REFERENCES
1) Chirag N. Patel ,Burhan Kanjetawala ,H. S. Patel “Influence
of frame type tapered staging on sloshing behaviour of
elevated water tank”. International Journal of Advanced
Engineering Research and Studies /Vol. II/ Issue I/Oct.-
Dec.,2012/64-67.
2) M. V. WAGHMARE, S.N.MADHEKAR, “Behaviour of
elevated service reservoir under sloshing effect ”,
International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil
Engineering, ISSN: 2231 –5721, Volume-2, Issue-1,
2013,pg.no.51-54.
3) Gaikwad Madhukar V., Prof. Mangulkar Madhuri N.
“Comparison between static and dynamic analysis of
elevated water tank ” International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6316
Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013),pg.no.12-29.
4) H. Shakib , F. Omidinasab1 and M.T. Ahmadi “Seismic
Demand Evaluation of Elevated Reinforced Concrete Water
Tanks ” International Journal of Civil Engineerng. Vol. 8,
No. 3, September 2010, pg.no.204-220.
5) I.Tavakkoli Avval, M.R.Kianoush, A.R.Ghaemmaghami “
Effect of three dimensional geometry on sloshing behavior
of rectangular water tank ”presented paper on 15th
conference of World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
at LISBOA 2012.Pg.no.1-10.
6) O. R. Jaiswal, Shraddha Kulkarni and Pavan Pathak “A
study on sloshing frequencies of fluid-tank system” The 14th
World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-
17, 2008, Beijing, China.pg no.1-8
RT
IJE

IJERTV3IS20287 www.ijert.org 378