Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings For Turbine Rotors and Shafts
Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings For Turbine Rotors and Shafts
Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings For Turbine Rotors and Shafts
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
4.4 Forging Process—The forging shall receive its hot mechanical properties shall be made after the second tempering
mechanical work under a press of ample power to adequately operation. Mechanical property tests after the first temper are
work the metal throughout the maximum section of the optional with the manufacturer.
forging. It is important to maintain the axial center of the 4.5.1.4 After heat treatment and subsequent rough machin-
forging in common with the axial center of the ingot. ing and axial boring (see 4.6.2 and 4.6.3), the forging shall be
4.5 Heat Treatment: stress-relieved at a temperature not more than 100°F [55°C]
4.5.1 The heat treatment for mechanical properties shall below the final tempering temperature, but not less than
consist of double-normalizing and tempering for Grades A, B, 1025°F [550°C].
D, and E and normalizing, quenching, and tempering for Grade 4.5.1.5 With the prior approval of the purchaser, the stress-
C. In normalizing treatments, the forging may be cooled in still relief temperature may approach, equal, or slightly exceed the
air or in an air blast at the manufacturer’s option. Faster final tempering temperature as a means of adjusting final
cooling rates for Grades A, B, D, and E may be used if strength or toughness. If the stress-relief temperature is within
authorized by the purchaser. These rates are obtained by liquid 25°F (14°C) of the final tempering temperature, or higher,
quenching, or by the addition of water sprays of fog to the air additional tension tests must be obtained (6.1.3).
blast. 4.6 Machining:
4.5.1.1 The first normalizing treatment shall be from well 4.6.1 Preliminary Rough Machining—All exterior surfaces
above the transformation temperature range. At the manufac- of the forging shall be machined prior to heat treatment for
turer’s option, this operation may be performed as a part of the mechanical properties.
preliminary treatment of the forging before preliminary ma-
4.6.2 Second Rough Machining—After heat treatment for
chining (see 4.6.1).
mechanical properties, all surfaces of the forging shall be rough
4.5.1.2 The second normalizing or quenching treatment
machined prior to stress relief and the stability test.
shall be from above the transformation range but below the first
normalizing temperature described in 4.5.1.1. This treatment 4.6.3 Axial Bore:
shall be performed after preliminary machining (see 4.6.1). 4.6.3.1 Forgings shall be bored to permissible bore size and
4.5.1.3 The final tempering temperature for Grades A, B, C, tolerance when required by the purchaser’s drawing.
and E shall be not less than 1075°F [580°C] and for Grade D 4.6.3.2 Forgings may be bored to limits agreed to by the
not less than 1200°F [650°C]. With prior purchaser approval, a purchaser, or indicated on the purchaser’s drawing, to remove
second tempering operation shall be performed prior to the objectionable center conditions revealed by ultrasonic exami-
operations described in 4.6.2 and 4.6.3 to complete the heat nation.
treatment cycle. This second temper will be in place of the 4.6.3.3 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the
stress relief specified in 4.5.1.4 and 4.5.1.5 and the tempera- manufacturer may bore the forging at any time prior to stress
tures applied to the second temper will meet the temperature relief (see Supplementary Requirement S2).
limits in 4.5.1.4. However, with the prior approval of the 4.6.4 Machining to Purchaser’s Requirements for
purchaser, the second tempering temperature may be equal, or Shipment—The forging as shipped shall conform to the finish
slightly exceed, the first tempering temperature as a means of and dimension requirements specified on the purchaser’s
adjusting final strength or toughness. The required tests for drawing or order.
The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, and order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon by the
manufacturer and purchaser.
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1.1 Heat stability testing provides assurance that the ordering a Grade A, B, or C rotor forging, but lacking
process controls utilized in the manufacture of a rotor forging experience with rotor forgings produced by the current manu-
have produced a thermally stable product. This test is optional facturer, may obtain the desired assurance by invoking Supple-
for Grades A, B, and C in this specification. Customers mentary Requirement S11.
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