COURSE CONTENT

(Constitutional Law)
1st Semester, SY 2019-2020

I. POLITICAL LAW
A. Defined
a. People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887
b. Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77

B. Basis of Philippine Political Law

C. Scope/Divisions of Political Law

- Constitutional Law; Define

D. Nature of the Constitution

-Definition (Malcolm);
-Purpose;
-Classification;
-Qualities and essential parts of a good written Constitution

E. Interpretation/Constitutional Construction
a. Francisco vs. House of Representative (G.R. No. 160261, Nov. 10, 2003)
b. Civil Liberties Union vs. Executive Secretary (GR No. 83896, Feb. 22, 1991)

F. Self-executing provisions
a. Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, GR 122156, Feb. 3, 1997
b. Gamboa vs. Teves (GR No. 176579, June 28, 2011)
c. Pamatong vs. COMELEC (GR No. 161872, April 13, 2004)

G. Constitutional History
1. The 1935 Constitution
2. The 1973 Constitution
3. The 1987 Constitution
a. Effectivity of the 1987 Constitution
i. De Leon vs. Esguerra (GR No. 78059, August 31, 1987)

H. Doctrines
-Constitutional Supremacy
a. Manila Prince Hotel vs. GSIS (GR No. 122156, Feb. 3, 1997)
-Principle of Checks and Balances
-Principle of Separation of Powers
-Moot and Academic Principle
-Concept of Judicial Review

I. Amendment Process
1. Amendment vs. Revision
a. Lambino vs. COMELEC, GR No. 174153, Oct. 25, 2006
2. Nature of Power to Amend the Constitution
a. Gonzales vs. COMELEC
3. Procedure
A. Proposal (Secs. 1-3, Art. XVII)
a. By Congress
i. Occena vs. COMELEC (GR No. 56350, April 2, 1981)
ii. Imbong vs. COMELEC
a. Doctrine of Necessary Implications
b. By a Constitutional Convention
Theories on Position of Constitutional Convention
c. By the People thru Initiative (Sec. 2, Art. XVII)
 i. Requisites and Limitations
ii. RA 6735 (An Act Providing for a System of Initiative and
Referendum)
a. Definition of Initiative
b. Systems of Initiative
i. Initiative on the Constitution
ii. Initiative on Statutes
iii. Initiative on local legislation
iv. Indirect Initiatives
iii. Requirements for the Validity of the Initiative Petition
1. Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR 127325, March 19,
1997
2. Lambino vs. COMELEC, GR No. 174153, Oct. 25, 2006)
iv. People’s Initiative applies only to an amendment, not revision of
the Constitution, Two-Part Test (Lambino vs. COMELEC, GR No.
174153, Oct. 25, 2006)

2. Ratification (Sec. 4, Art. XVII)

Doctrine of Proper Submission
i. Tolentino vs. COMELEC, GR No. L-34150, Oct. 16, 1970

J. Judicial Review of Amendments

a. Javellana v. Executive Secretary, GR No. L36142, March 31, 1973
b. Sanidad v. Comelec, GR No. 44640, October 12, 1976

K. Political vs. Justiciable Question

a. Sanidad v. Comelec, GR No. L-44640, Oct. 12, 1976
b. Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
c. Brillantes v. Concepcion, GR 163193, June 15, 2004
d. Velarde vs. SJS

L. POWER OF JUDICIAL REVIEW

A. Judicial Review; Defined

a. Chavez vs. Judicial Bar Council (GR No. 202242, April 16, 2013)
b. Defensor-Santiago v. Guingona, GR 134577, Nov. 18, 1998
c. Francisco v. House of Representatives, GR 160261, Nov. 10, 2003

B. Judicial Supremacy vs. Constitutional Supremacy

C. Presumption of Constitutionality
a. Lim v. Pacquing, GR 115044, Jan. 27, 1995

D. Requisites of Judicial Review:

1. Actual Case or Controversy

a. Board of Optometry v. Colet, GR 122241, July 30, 1996
b. Mariano, Jr. v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211
c. Fernandez v. Torres, 215 SCRA 489
d. La Bugal-B’laan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR 127882, Jan. 27, 2004
e. Imbong vs. Ochoa
i. Facial Challenge
ii. Transcedental Importance
iii. Declaration of Unconstitutionality; Orthodox View

A. Ripeness
a. City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 US 95, 75 L.Ed.2d 675
 B. Mootness
a. David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006
b. La Bugal-B’laan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR 127882, Dec. 1, 2004
c. DeFunis v. Odegaard, 416 US 312, 40 L.Ed.2d 164

2. Proper Party

A. Conventional Standing
B. Representative Standing

Cases:
a. PACU vs. Secretary of Education
b. J. Joya vs. PCGG
c. Oposa vs. Factoran

Jus Tertii standing

- Craig v. Boren, 429 US 190, 50 L.Ed.2d. 397

Transcendental importance to the public

- Tatad v. Garcia, 243 SCRA 436
- Kilosbayan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110
- Kilosbayan v. Morato, 246 SCRA 540
- Kilosbayan v. Morato (Recon.), GR 118910, Nov. 16, 1995

Standing of members of Congress

- Philconsa v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
- Bagatsing v. Committee on Privatization, GR 112399, July 14, 1995

Standing of Integrated Bar of the Philippines

- IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000

Standing of the Government to question its own laws

- People v. Vera, 65 Phil. 56

Taxpayer’s Suits
a. Bayan, et. al. v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000
b. Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August 14, 2000
c. Bugnay vs. Laron

3. Question must be raised at the earliest possible opportunity

4. Constitutional question must the very "lis mota" of the case

Doctrine of Purposeful Hesitation

- Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994

C. Functions of Judicial Review

Expanded jurisdiction under the 1987 Constitution [(sec. 1 (2nd par.), Art. VIII]
i. Doctrine of Expanded Judicial Review
a. Gutierrez vs. HRET

D. Effects of Declaration of Unconstitutionality

Orthodox View
Modern View
Doctrine of Operative Fact
i. Republic v. CA, GR 79732, Nov. 8, 1993
ii. LORENZO M. TAÑADA et al. vs. HON. JUAN C. TUVERA et al.
G.R. No.L-63915, April 24, 1985
 iii. Araullo vs. Aquino (Cross Border Transfer Doctrine)

II. THE STATE

A. Definition of State vs. Nation

B. Elements of State

1. People

a. Citizenship
b. Citizenship vs Nationality
c. Modes of Acquiring citizenship
d. Citizens of the Philippines
- Moy Ya Lim Yao v. Commissioner of Immigration, 41 SCRA 292
- Djumantan v. Domingo, Jan. 30, 1995
e. Election of Philippine citizenship
- In re: Vicente Ching, Bar Matter No. 914, October 1, 1999
f. Doctrine of implied election
- Co v. HRET, G.R. No. 92191-92, July 30, 1991
g. Natural-born citizens
- Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001
- Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004
h. Dual citizenship & dual allegiance
- Mercado v. Manzano, GR 135083, May 26, 1999
i. Res judicata in citizenship cases
j. Doctrine of Indelible Allegiance
k. Naturalization
- Republic v. De la Rosa, 232 SCRA 785
l. Loss of citizenship
- By naturalization in a foreign country
- Frivaldo v. Comelec, 174 SCRA 245
- Labo v. Comelec, 176 SCRA 1
- By express renunciation or expatriation
- Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA 364
m. Reacquisition of citizenship, RA 8171
- Retroactivity of Repatriation
- Frivaldo v. Comelec, 257 SCRA 727, June 28, 1996
n. Suffrage
- Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001
- Makalintal v. Comelec, GR 157013, July 10, 2003

2. Territory

a. National Territory
b. Philippine Archipelago
c. Archipelago Doctrine
d. UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
a. Prof. Merlin M. Magallona vs. Eduardo Ermita, GR No. 187167, July 16,
2011
b. William C. Reagan, et. al. vs. CIR GR No. L-26379, Dec. 27, 1969

3. Government
a. Functions
-Constituent vs. Ministrant
i. BACANI vs. NACOCO
ii. Shipside, Inc. vs. CA, et. al. GR No. 143377, Feb. 20, 2001
-Laissez-faire vs. Welfare State
 i. PVTA vs. CIR
-Doctrine of Parens Patriae
- Gov't. of Phil. Islands v. Monte de Piedad, 35 Phil. 728
- Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94
b. Classification: De Jure vs De Facto
- Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May 22, 1986

4. Sovereignty
a. Effects of Change in sovereignty
- People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887
- Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77
b. Effects of Belligerent Occupation
-Co Kim Chan vs. Valdez Tan Keh

c. Doctrine of Jus Postliminium

a. Laurel vs. Misa
b. Ruffy vs. Chief of Staff

d. Dominium vs. Imperium

Derogation of Philippine Sovereignty; The Visiting Forces Agreement
- Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000

The Three Inherent Powers of the State

A. Police Power
B. Power of Eminent Domain
C. Power of Taxation

III. DOCTRINE OF STATE IMMUNITY

A. Basis
- U.S.A. vs. Reyes, March 1, 1993
B. Nature of State Immunity
C. Limitation of the Rule
D. Application of the Rule
i. Immunity of Foreign States & Diplomats
ii. Principle of par in parem non habet imperium
- Most. Rev. Pedro D. Arigo vs. Scott Swift, GR No. 206510, Sept. 16,
2014
- China National Machinery Equipment Corp. vs. Santamaria, et. al. GR
No. 185572, Feb. 7, 2012
iii. Process of Suggestion
- The Holy See v. RTC, GR 101949, Dec. 1, 1994

iv. Determination of Immunity by the Department of Foreign Affairs

- Liang v. People, G.R. No. 125865, January 28, 2000

v. Immunity of International Organizations and Agencies

- SEAFDEC v. NLRC, 241 SCRA 580
- Callado v. IRRI, 244 SCRA 210
- DFA v. NLRC, Sept. 18, 1996

vi. Immunity of Government Agencies

a. Incorporated
Municipal Corporations
- Municipality of San Fernando v. Judge Firme, GR. No. L-52179,
April 8, 1991
b. Unincorporated
If principal function is governmental
 - Farolan v. CTA 217 SCRA 298
- Mobil Philippines Exploration, Inc. vs. Customs Arrastre Service, et.
al. GR. No. L-23139, Dec. 17, 1966
If proprietary-suable

vii. Suits against Public Officers

- Jeffrey Liang vs. People, GR No. 125865, Jan. 28, 2000
- City of Angeles v. CA, Aug. 28,1996
- Veterans Manpower v. CA, 214 SCRA 286
- Wylie v. Rarang, 209 SCRA 357

viii. Consent to be sued

1. Express Consent
- Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424
a. General Law
- CA 327; PD 1445; Art. 2180; Act No. 3038
b. Special Law
- Meritt v. Gov't. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil. 311

2. Implied Consent
a. When State commences litigation
- Froilan v. Pan Oriental Shipping, Sept. 30, 1954
b. When State enters into a business contract
- USA v. Ruiz, GR No. L-35645, May 22, 1985

ix. Suability not outright liability

- Meritt v. Gov't. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil. 311
- Fontanilla v. Maliaman, 194 SCRA 486
- Republic vs. Hidalgo GR No. 161657, Oct. 4, 2007

x. Consent to be sued does not include consent to execution

- Republic v. Villasor, 54 SCRA 84
- Municipality of San Miguel v. Fernandez, 130 SCRA 56
- Municipality of Makati v. CA, GR Nos. 89898-99, Oct. 1, 1990
- UP vs. Dizon, GR No. 171182, Aug. 23, 2012

xi. Immunity cannot be used to perpetrate an injustice on a citizen

- Ministerio v. CFI of Cebu, GR No. 31635, Aug. 31, 1971

IV. SEPARATION OF POWERS AND CHECKS AND BALANCES

A. Principle of Separation of Powers

B. Principle of Checks and Balances

- Pastor M. Endencia and Fernando Jugo vs. Saturnino David, GR No.

L-6355-5, August 31, 1953
- Sameer Overseas Placement Agency vs. Joy C. Cabiles, GR No.
170139, Aug. 5, 2014
- Ople vs. Torres, et. al. GR No. 127685, July 23, 1998
- Kilusang Mayo Uno, et. al. vs. The Dirctor Genreal, et. al. GR No.
- Senate of the Philippines vs. Eduardo Ermita, GR No. 169777, April
20, 2006
- Rommel Jacinto DAntes Silverio vs. Republic (GR No. 174689, Oct.
22, 2007
- OCA vs. Reyes, et. al. A.M. No. P-08-2535, June 23, 2010
- Baguan Mamiscal vs. Clerk of Court Macainog S. Abdullah, AM No.
SCC-13-18-J, July 1, 2015
 - Osmena vs. Pendatun, et. al. GR No. L-17144, Oct. 28, 1960

V. DELEGATION OF POWERS
A. Non-delegation of powers
-Araneta vs. Dinglasan
- Phil. Interisland Shipping Ass'n. v. CA, GR 100481, Jan. 22, 1997
Potestas delegata non delegare potest

B. Permissible Delegation
a. Tariff Powers to the President
i. Southern Cross Cement Corp. vs. The Phil. Cement
Manufactures Corp, et. al. GR No. 158540, July 8, 2004
b. Emergency Powers to the President
- First Emergency Powers cases, 84 Phil. 368
- Second Emergency Powers cases, 92 Phil. 603
c. Delegation to the People
d. Delegation to Local Government Units
e. Delegation to the Administrative Bodies

C. Power of Subordinate Legislation

- Miners Association v. Factoran, GR 98332, Jan. 16, 1995
D. Principle of Subdelegation of Powers
-NPC Drivers and Mechanic Assoc. rep. by Roger S. San Juan,
et. al. vs. NPC, GR No. 156208, Sept. 26, 2006

E. Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency

F. Tests for valid delegation

a. Completeness Test
b. Sufficient Standard Test

CASES-
- Emanuel Pelaez vs. The Auditor General, GR No. L-23825, Dec. 24,
1965
- Sultan Osop B. Camid vs. The Office of the President, GR No. 161414,
Jan. 17, 2005
- Bai Sandra S. A. Sema vs. COMELEC, et. al. GR No. 177597, July 16,
2008
- Ramon P. Binamira vs. Peter Garucho Jr., GR No. 92008, July 30,
1990
- Rodolfo D. Llamas vs. Exec. Secretary Orbos, et. al. GR No. 99031,
Oct. 15, 1991
- Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659
- De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294
- Eastern Shipping Lines vs. POEA (Power of Subordinate Legislation)

VI. PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES

Preamble
Republicanism
Manifestations
1. Nemo est supra leges
- Villavicencio v. Lukban, GR No. L-14639, March 25, 1919
2. Rule of majority
3. Accountability of Public Officials
4. Bill of Rights
 5. Legislature cannot pass irrepealable laws
6. Separation of Powers
Principle of Blending of Powers
Principle of Checks and Balances
7. Government of Laws and not of men
- People vs. Veneracion, et. al. GR Nos. 119987-88, Oct. 12, 1995
8. Non-delegation of Powers
9. Election through popular will
- Maquera vs. Borra , et. al. GR No. L-24761, Sept. 7, 1965

Act of State
Incorporation Clause
Conflict between municipal law and international law
- Ichong v. Hernandez, 101 Phil. 115
Civilian Supremacy
- IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
Government to serve and protect the people
People to defend the State
Separation of Church and State
-Islamic Da’wah Council of the Phil. Vs. Office of the Exec. Sec. GR
No. 153888, July 9, 2003
Independent Foreign Policy
Nuclear Free Philippines
Just and dynamic social order

Social Justice
i. Calalang v. Williams, GR No. 47800, Dec. 2, 1940
ii. PLDT vs. NLRC, et, al. GR No. 80609, Aug. 23, 1988
iii.
Respect for human dignity and human rights

Equally protect the life of the mother and the unborn

-Imbong vs, Ochoa, GR No. 204819, April 8, 2014

Right to quality Education

-DECS vs. San Diego, et. al. GR No. 89572, Dec. 21, 1989

Fundamental Equality of men and women

Promotion of health and ecology

- Oposa v. Factoran, GR 1010183, July 30, 1993
- MMDA, et. al. vs. Concerned Citizens of Manila Bay, et. al. GR No.
171947-48, Dec. 18, 2008
- Boracay Foundation, Inc. vs. The Prov. Of Aklan, GR No. 196870,
June 26, 2012
Priority to education, science and technology
Protection to labor
Land Reform
- Ass'n. of Small Land Owners v. Sec. of Agrarian Reform, 175 SCRA 343

Regalian Doctrine
- Republic v. CA, CCP Intervenor, GR 103882, Nov. 25, 1998
- Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385, December 6, 2000
- La Bugal-B’laan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR 127882, Jan. 27, 2004

Inalienable Lands of the Public Domain

- Chavez v. PEA & AMARI, GR 133250, Nov. 11, 2003
 Independent People's organizations

Family and Youth

- Meyer v. Nebraska, 263 US 393
- Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 US 510
- Wisconsin v. Yoder, 40 LW 4476
- Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94

Self-reliant and independent national economy

- Tañada v. Angara (GATT case), GR 118295, May 2, 1997

Communication and information in nation-building

Equal Access to Opportunities for Public Service

- Pamatong vs. COMELEC, GR No. 161872, April 13, 2004

Autonomy of Local Governments

Decentralization of Administration vs. decentralization of Power
- Limbonas v. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786
- Basco v. PAGCOR, 197 SCRA 52

Autonomous Region
- Disomangcop v. DPWH Secretary, GR 149848, November 25, 2004

Indigenous Cultural Communities

- Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385, December 6, 2000

Honest public service and full public disclosure

VII. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

A. Legislative Power
-Parreno vs. COA, et. al. GR No. 162224, June 7, 2007
- City of Davao, et. al. vs. RTC Br. XII, Davao City, GR No. 127383,
Aug. 18, 2005
- Social Justice Society vs. Dangerous Drug Board and PDEA, GR No.
157870, Nov. 3, 2008

a. Initiative, referendum and Recall

- Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR 127325, March 19, 1997
b. Indirect Initiative
- SBMA v. Comelec, Sept. 26, 1996
c. Recall
- Garcia v. Comelec, Oct. 5, 1993
Loss of confidence, a political question
- Evardone v. Comelec, 204 SCRA 464, 472

B. Bicameralism vs. Unicameralism

C. Senate (Composition, Qualifications, Term of Office)

D. House of Representatives
Composition (District Representatives; Party-list Representatives)

Requisites for membership

 - REGINA ONGSIAKO REYES v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS and
JOSEPH SOCORRO B. TAN, G.R. No. 207264, June 25, 2013

Party-list Representatives
- Veterans Federation Party v. Comelec, G.R. No. 136781, October 6,
2000
- Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor Party v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147589,
June 26, 2001
- BANAT vs. COMELEC, GR No. 179271, April 21, 2009
- Atong Paglaum, Inc. vs. COMELEC, GR No. 203766, April 2, 2013
- Abang Lingkod Party List vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 206952, October 22,
2013
- ANG LADLAD LGBT PARTY represented herein by its Chair, DANTON
REMOTO v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, G.R. No. 190582, April 8,
2010
- MILAGROS E. AMORES v. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL and EMMANUEL JOEL J. VILLANUEVAG.R.
No. 189600, June 29, 2010

E. Apportionment of Legislative Districts

a. Gerrymandering
b. Doctrine of Equal Representation
Cases-
- Aquino and Robedo vs. COMELEC, GR No. 189793, April 7, 2010
- Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211
- Montejo v. Comelec, GR 118702, Mar. 19, 1995
- Aldaba, et. al. vs. COMELEC, GR No. 188078, March 15, 2008
- Bagabuyo vs. COMELEC, GR No. 176970, Dec. 8, 2008

c. Qualifications
- Marcos v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 300
- Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995

Theory of legal impossibility

Natural-born
- Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001

d. Term of office

e. Privileges
Freedom from Arrest
Parliamentary Immunity
- Eastland v. US Servicemen's Fund, 421 US 491
- Hutchinson v. Proxmire, 443 US 111
- Jimenez v. Cabangbang, 17 SCRA 714

Disqualifications and Inhibitions

Effect of Imprisonment
- People v. Jalosjos, G.R. Nos. 132875-76, February 3, 2000

f. Sessions; Adjournment; Officers

- Santiago v. Guingona, G.R. No. 147589, June 26, 2001

g. Quorum
- Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17
 h. Rules of Proceedings
- Arroyo v. De Venecia (Sin-taxes case), GR 127255, Aug. 14, 1997

i. Discipline of members
a. Suspension vs. Preventive Suspension
- Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 128055. April 18, 2001
- PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v. ROMEO G. JALOSJOS, G.R. No. 132875-
76, February 3, 2000

No member shall be questioned nor be held liable in any other place for
any speech or debate in the Congress or in any committee thereof
- NTERO J. POBRE v. Sen. MIRIAM DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO, A.C. No. 7399,
August 25, 2009

j. Enrolled Bill Theory

- Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, 78 Phil. 1
- Casco Chemical v. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347

a. Legislative Journal vs. Enrolled Bill

k. Electoral Tribunals
i. Composition
- Bondoc v. Pineda, 201 SCRA 792
- Abbas v. Senate Electoral Tribunal, 166 SCRA 651

ii. Powers
- Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995
- Sampayan v. Daza, 213 SCRA 807

iii. Jurisdiction over Proclamation Controversy

1. MILAGROS E. AMORES v. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL and EMMANUEL JOEL J. VILLANUEVA,
G.R. No. 189600, June 29, 2010
2. REGINA ONGSIAKO REYES v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS and
JOSEPH SOCORRO B. TAN, G.R. No. 207264, June 25, 2013
3. Caruncho v. Comelec, G.R. No. 135996, September 30, 1999

l. Commission on Appointments
Composition
- Guingona v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789
Powers
- Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549

m. Powers of Congress
General Legislative Power
Limitations
Substantive Limitations
Procedural Limitations
One Bill, one subject
- Guzman v. Comelec, G.R. No. 129118, July 19, 2000
Sufficiency of Title
- Phil. Judges Association v. Prado, GR 105371, Nov. 11, 1993
- Chongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253
Bills that must originate exclusively from the House
- Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, GR 115455, Aug. 25, 1994
- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, Oct. 30, 1995
Three readings on separate days
Bicameral Conference Committee
 m. Legislative Process
Approval of Bills
Presidential veto
Pocket veto
Item veto
- Bengzon v. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133

Legislative veto; One-House Veto

- Phil. Constitution Association v. Enriquez, 235
SCRA 506

n. Power of the Purse

Implied limitations on appropriation measure
- Guingona v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221

Constitutional limitations and rules

1. CESAR BENGZON, et al. v. HON. FRANKLIN N. DRILON, et al. G.R. No.
103524 & A.M. No. 91-8-225-CA, April 15, 1992
2. GRECO ANTONIOUS BEDA B. BELGICA, et al. v. HONORABLE
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY PAQUITO N. OCHOA JR., et al., G.R. Nos.
208566, 208493& 209251, November 19, 2013
3. MARIA CAROLINA P. ARAULLO vs. BENIGNO SIMEON C. AQUINO III, G.R.
No. 209287 July 1, 2014

Riders
Sub rosa appropriation
Prohibition against transfer of appropriation
- Phil. Constitution Association v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506

o. Power of Taxation
Initiative for filing revenue, tariff, or tax bills, bills authorizing an
increase of the public debt, private bills and bills of local application must come from
the House of Representatives- ARTURO M. TOLENTINO v. THE SECRETARY OF
FINANCE and THE COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, G.R. Nos. 115455,
115525, 115543, 115544, 115754, 115781, 115852, 115873, 115931, August 25, 1994

p. Power of Legislative Investigation

a. Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R. Nos. 169777, 169659, 169660, 169667,
169834 & 171246, April 20, 2006
b. Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, 203 SCRA 767
c. ROMULO L. NERI v. SENATE COMMITTEE ON ACCOUNTABILITY OF
PUBLIC OFFICERS AND INVESTIGATIONS, et al., G.R. No. 180643, March
25, 2008

q. Power to Punish contempt

a. Arnault v. Nazareno, G.R. No.L-3820, July 18, 1950
b. Arnault v. Balagtas, 97 Phil. 358

r. Power to declare existence of state of war

Legislative Veto
- ABAKADA GURO PARTY LIST vs. HON. CESAR V. PURISIMA, G.R. No.
166715 August 14, 2008
VIII. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
President and Vice-President
a. Qualifications

Natural-born Citizen
a. MARY GRACE NATIVIDAD S. POE-LLAMANZARES vs. COMELEC AND
ESTRELLA C. ELAMPARO, ANTONIO P. CONTRERAS AND AMADO D.
VALDEZ, G.R. Nos. 221697 and 221698-700 March 8 2016
b. Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004

b. Election
i. Congress as canvassing board

ii. Supreme Court as Electoral Tribunal

1. MARY GRACE NATIVIDAD S. POE-LLAMANZARES vs. COMELEC AND
ESTRELLA C. ELAMPARO, ANTONIO P. CONTRERAS AND AMADO D.
VALDEZ, G.R. Nos. 221697 and 221698-700 March 8 2016
2. ATTY. ROMULO B. MACALINTAL vs.PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORAL
TRIBUNAL, G.R. No. 191618 November 23, 2010
3. Defensor-Santiago v. Ramos, PET Case no. 001, Feb. 13, 1996
4. FERNANDO LOPEZ v. GERARDO ROXAS and PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL, G.R. No. L-25716, July 28, 1966

c. Term of office

d. Privileges
Official residence
Salary

e. Presidential Immunity
- In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160
- Beltran v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393
- JOSEPH E. ESTRADA vs. ANIANO DESIERTO, G.R. No. 146710-15 March
2, 2001
- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001

f. Prohibitions and inhibitions

g. Rules on Succession
Vacancy at beginning of term
Vacancy during the term
Temporary Disability

h. Removal of the President

- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001

i. Powers
Executive Power
a. Planas v. Gil, 67 Phil. 62
b. RAMON A. GONZALES v. RUFINO G. HECHANOVA, G.R. No. L-21897,
October 22, 1963
c. AKBAYAN CITIZENS ACTION PARTY v. THOMAS G. AQUINO, G.R. No.
170516, July 16, 2008 (Doctrine of Executive Privilege)
 Legislative Powers
- Municipality of San Juan v. CA, Sept. 29, 1997
- Ople v. Torres, GR 127685, July 23, 1998

Residual Powers
- Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668

Power to Determine National Policy

- The Steel Seizure case, 343 US 579, 96 L.Ed. 1153

Prosecution of Crimes
- Webb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652

Creation of Preparatory Committee on Constitutional Reforms

- Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August 14, 2000

Appointing Power

i. Discretionary power
- Flores v. Drilon, GR 104732, June 22, 1993
- Gordon v. Judge Santos, CA-GR Sp No. 48339, Aug. 21, 1998
- Gordon v. CA, GR 134900, Sept. 1, 1998
- Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327

ii. Classes of Appointment

a. Gaminde v. COA, G.R. No. 140335, December 13, 2000
b. MA. J. ANGELINA G. MATIBAG v. ALFREDO L. BENIPAYO,
RESURRECCION Z. BORRA, FLORENTINO A. TUASON, JR.,
VELMA J. CINCO, and GIDEON C. DE GUZMAN, G.R. NO. 149036,
APRIL 2, 2002

iii. Appointments subject to confirmation of Commission on

Appointments

a. ULPIANO P. SARMIENTO III AND JUANITO G. ARCILLA vs. SALVADOR

MISON, AND GUILLERMO CARAGUE, G.R. No. 79974 December 17, 1987
b. Manalo v. Sistoza, GR 107369, Aug. 11, 1999
c. DENNIS A.B. FUNA vs. ALBERTO C. AGRA, G.R. No. 191644 February 19,
2013
d. AQUILINO Q. PIMENTEL, JR. v. EXEC. SECRETARY EDUARDOR.
ERMITA, FLORENCIO B. ABAD, AVELINO J. CRUZ, JR., G.R. No. 164978,
OCTOBER 13, 2005

iv. Limitations on the Appointment Power

a. ARMITA B. RUFINO, v. BALTAZAR N. ENDRIGA ET AL., G.R. NO.
139554, JULY 21, 2006
b. DOMINADOR R. AYTONA v. ANDRES V. CASTILLO, ET AL., G.R. NO.L-
19313, JANUARY 19, 1962
c. IN RE APPOINTMENTS DATED MARCH 30, 1998 of HON. MATEO A.
VALENZUELA AND HON. PLACIDO B. VALLARTA, A.M. NO. 98-5-01-
SC., NOVEMBER9, 1998
d. ARTURO M. DE CASTRO v. JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL (JBC) and
PRESIDENT GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO, G. R. NO. 191002,
MARCH 17, 2010
e. ATTY. CHELOY E. VELICARIA-GARAFIL v. OFFICE OF THE
PRESIDENT, G.R. No. 203372, JUNE 16, 2015

v. Power of Removal
 Power of Control
Control vs. Supervision
a. Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994
b. LOUIS BAROK C. BIRAOGO v. THE PHILIPPINE TRUTH COMMISSION OF
2010, G.R. No. 192935, December 7, 2010
c. CESAR R. DE LEON V. J. ANTONIO M. CARPIO, G.R. No. 85243 October
12, 1989

Alter-ego Principle or Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency

a. Carpio v. Executive Secretary, Feb. 14, 1992
b. RESIDENT MARINE MAMMALS OF THE PROTECTED SEASCAPE TANON
STRAIT v. SECRETARY ANGELO REYES, IN HIS CAPACITY AS
SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, G.R. NO. 180771,
APRIL 21, 2015
c. ABAKADA GURO PARTY LIST (Formerly AASJAS) OFFICERS SAMSON S.
ALCANTARA and ED VINCENT S. ALBANO v. THE HONORABLE
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY EDUARDO ERMITA et al., G.R. NO. 168056,
SEPTEMBER 1, 2005,

The Executive Secretary

- Lacson-Magallanes v. Pano, 21 SCRA 895

Military Powers
Commander-in-chief clause
a. David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006
b. Aquino v. Military Commission No. 2, 63 SCRA 546
c. Olaguer v. Military Commission No. 34, 150 SCRA 144
d. Carpio v. Executive Secretary, supra
e. PROVINCEOFNORTHCOTABATOv.GOVERNMENTOFTHEREPUBLICOFT
HEPHILIPPINES, G.R. No. 183591, October 14, 2008

Calling Out the Armed Forces

a. IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
b. JAMAR M. KULAYAN, ET. AL V. GOV. ABDUSAKUR M. TAN, GR. NO.187298,
JUY 3, 2012
c. DATU ZALDY UY AMPATUAN, ET. AL V. HON. RONALDO PUNO, G.R. No.
190259, June 7, 2011
d. RANCISCO V. GUDANI AND LT. COL. ALEXANDER F. BALUTAN v. LT./GEN.
GENEROSO S. SENGA, G.R. No. 170165, August 15, 2006

Declaration of State of Rebellion

- Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, May 10, 2001

Declaration of martial law

a. Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183
b. PHILIP SIGFRID A. FORTUN and ALBERT LEE G. ANGELES V. GLORIA
MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, ET. AL, G.R. No. 190293, March 20, 2012

Suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus

- Barcelon v. Baker, 5 Phil. 87
- Montenegro v. Castañeda, 91 Phil. 882
- Lansang v. Garcia, 42 SCRA 448
- Garcia-Padilla v. Enrile, 121 SCRA 472

Pardoning Power
a. People v. Salle, 250 SCRA 581, Dec. 4, 1995
 b. SALVACION A. MONSANTO V. FULGENCIO S. FACTORAN, JR., G.R. No.
78239 February 9, 1989
c. VICENTE GARCIA V. THE HONORABLE CHAIRMAN, COMMISSION ON
AUDIT, ET. AL, G.R. No. 75025 September 14, 1993
d. LEO ECHEGARAY V. SECRETARY OF JUSTICE, ET AL., G.R. No. 132601
January 19, 1999
e. ATTY. ALICIA RISOS-VIDAL V. COMELEC and JOSEPH EJERCITO
ESTRADA, G.R. No. 206666, January 21, 2015
Pardon vs. Amnesty

Diplomatic Power
a. BAYAN (Bagong Alyansang Makabayan) v. EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
RONALDO ZAMORA, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000
b. ISABELITA C. VINUYA, et al., v. THE HONORABLE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
ALBERTO G. ROMULOG.R. No. 162230, April 28, 2010
Treaties vs. Executive Agreements

Power to Impound
- Philconsa v. Enriquez, Aug. 19, 1994

IX. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT

Judicial Power

Expanded jurisdiction
a. ARTURO M. TOLENTINO v. THE SECRETARY OF FINANCE and THE
COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, G.R. No. 115455, G.R. No.
115525, G.R. No. 115543, G.R. No. 115544, G.R. No. 115754, G.R. No.
115781, G.R. No. 115852, G.R. No. 115873, G.R. No. 115931, August 25,
1994
b. ATTY. OLIVER O. LOZANO and ATTY. EVANGELINE J. LOZANO-ENDRIANO
v. SPEAKER PROSPERO C. NOGRALES, G.R. No. 187883 and G.R. No.
187910, June 16, 2009

Effect on the political question doctrine

Jurisdiction
a. Diaz v. CA, Dec. 5, 1994
b. FIRST LEPANTO CERAMICS, INC. v. THE COURT OF APPEALS and
MARIWASA MANUFACTURING, INC., G.R. No. 110571, March 10, 1994
c. TERESITA G. FABIAN v. HON. ANIANO A. DESIERTO, in his capacity as
Ombudsman; HON. JESUS F. GUERRERO, in his capacity as Deputy
Ombudsman for Luzon; and NESTOR V. AGUSTIN, G.R. No. 129742,
September 16, 1998
d. JELBERT B. GALICTO v. H.E. PRESIDENT BENIGNO SIMEON C. AQUINO
III et al., G.R. No. 193978, February 28, 2012
e. MOLDEX REALTY, INC. v. HOUSING AND LAND USE REGULATORY
BOARD, OFFICE OF APPEALS, ADJUDICATION AND LEGAL AFFAIRS et
al., G.R. No. 149719, June 21, 2007
f. PLANTERS PRODUCTS, INC. v. FERTIPHIL CORPORATION, G.R. No.
166006, March 14, 2008
g. GROUP COMMANDER, INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY GROUP,
PHILIPPINE ARMY, represented by COLONEL PEDRO R. CABUAY, JR. v.
DR. POTENCIANO MALVAR and MARCELINO LOPEZ, G.R. No. 123780,
September 24, 2002
h. IN RE: UNDATED LETTER OF MR. LOUIS C. BIRAOGO, PETTIONER IN
BIRAOGO V. NOGRALES AND LIMKAICHONG, G.R. No. 179120, A.M. No.
09-02-19-SC, February 24, 2009
 i. RE: PETITION FOR RECOGNITION OF THE EXEMPTION OF THE
GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM FROM PAYMENT OF
LEGAL FEES, A.M. No. 08-2-01-0, February 11, 2010

Constitutional Safeguards to insure independence of the Judiciary

Justices/judges may not be designated to any agency performing non-judicial
functions
Fiscal Autonomy

Power of Judicial Review

Appointment to the Judiciary

Procedure for Appointment
Judicial and Bar Council
a) FRANCISCO I. CHAVEZ v. JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL, SEN.
FRANCIS JOSEPH G. ESCUDERO and REP. NIEL C. TUPAS, JR.,
G.R. No. 202242, July 17, 2012
b) FRANCIS H. JARDELEZAv. CHIEF JUSTICE MARIA LOURDES P.
A. SERENO, THE JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL AND EXECUTIVE
SECRETARY PAQUITO N. OCHOA, JR., G.R. No. 213181, August
19, 2014
c) FERDINAND R. VILLANUEVA, PRESIDING JUDGE, MCTC,
COMPOSTELA-NEW BATAAN, COMPOSTELA VALLEY PROVINCE
v. JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL, G.R. No. 211833, April 07, 2015

Supreme Court
Composition
En Banc & Division cases
Fortich v. Corona, G.R. No. 131457, August 19, 1999

Powers
Supervision over the Judiciary
- Dolalas v. Office of the Ombudsman, Dec. 24, 1996
Rule-making powers
- Maniago v. CA, 253 SCRA 674
Mandatory Review of Death Penalty Cases
- People v. Esparas, GR 120034, Aug. 20, 1996
Writ of Amparo
Equipoise Doctrine
Decisions of the Court
- Nicos Industrial Corp. v. CA, 206 SCRA 127
- Prudential Bank v. Castro, 158 SCRA 646

Power to control execution of decision

- Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, GR 132601, Jan. 19, 1999

Tenure of Justices/Judges
- De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294
Removal and Discipline
- Maceda v. Ombudsman, GR 102781, Apr. 22, 1993
- People v. Gacott, 246 SCRA 52
Salaries
- Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552
- Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696
- Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284
X. INDEPENDENT CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION
Safeguards to insure the independence of the Commissions
Prohibition on appointment in an acting capacity
- Brillantes v. Yorac, G.R. No. 93867, December 18, 1990
Disqualifications and Inhibitions
Decisions - Certiorari to the Supreme Court
- Galido v. Comelec, Jan. 18, 1991
- Reyes v. RTC, 244 SCRA 41
- Garces v. CA, July 17, 1996
SC Revised Admin. Cir. 1-95

1. Civil Service Commission

Scope of the Civil Service
a. DOH v. NLRC, 251 SCRA 700
b. DENNIS A. B. FUNA v. THE CHAIRMAN, CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
(CSC), FRANCISCO T. DUQUE III, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY LEANDRO
R. MENDOZA, OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT, G.R. No. 191672, November
25, 2014
c. ATTY. ROMULO B. MACALINTAL vs. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, HON.
ALBERTO ROMULO, in his official capacity as Executive Secretary, and
HON. EMILIA T. BONCODIN, Secretary of the Department of Budget and
Management, G.R. No. 157013, July 10, 2003
d. Civil Service Commission (CSC) v Department of Budget and Management
(DBM), G.R. No. 158791, July 22, 2005
e. ERLINDA P. MERAM v. FILIPINA V. EDRALIN, THE MINISTER OF
NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE PRESIDENTIAL ASSISTANT FOR
LEGAL AFFAIRS, G.R. No. 71228, September 24, 1987
f. PHILIPPINE AMUSEMENT AND GAMING CORPORATION v. MARITA A.
ANGARA, G.R. NO.142937, November 15, 2005
g. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION v. NITA P. JAVIER, G.R. No. 173264,
February 22, 2008
h. HON. RICARDO T. GLORIA v. HON. COURT OF APPEALS AND DR.
BIENVENIDO A. ICASIANO, G.R. No. 119903, August 15, 2000

Approval of appointments
a. Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327
b. Ramonte v. CSC, 244 SCRA 498

Nepotism
a. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION v. PEDRO O. DACOYCOY, G.R. No. 135805,
April 29, 1999
b) CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION v. MARICELLE M. CORTES
c) G.R. No. 200103, April 23, 2014

2. Commission on Elections
En Banc and Division cases
- Sarmiento v. Comelec, 212 SCRA 307
Powers and Functions
a. Relampagos v. Cumba, 243 SCRA 690
b. LABAN NG DEMOKRATIKONG PILIPINO, REPRESENTED BY ITS
CHAIRMAN EDGARDO J. ANGARA V. THE COMMISION ON ELECTIONS
AND AGAPITO A. AQUINO, G.R. No. 161265, February 24, 2004
c. Loong v. Comelec, GR 133676, Apr. 14, 1999
d. MA. SALVACION BUAC AND ANTONIO BAUTISTA v. COMMISSION ON
ELECTIONS AND ALAN PETER S. CAYETANO, G.R. No. 155855, January
26, 2004
e. ALROBEN J. GOH v. HON. LUCILO R. BAYRON AND COMMISSION ON
ELECTIONS, G.R. No. 212584, November 25, 2014, EN BANC.
 f. KILOSBAYAN, INC., FERNANDO A. SANTIAGO, QUINTIN S. DOROMAL,
EMILIO C. CAPULONG JR., RAFAEL G. FERNANDO v. COMMISSION ON
ELECTIONS, SALVADOR ENRIQUEZ, FRANKLIN DRILON, CESAR
SARINO, LEONORA V. DE JESUS, TIBURCIO RELUCIO, RONALDO V.
PUNO, BENITO R. CATINDIG, MANUEL CALUPITAN III, VICENTE
CARLOS, FRANCISCO CANCIO, JIMMY DURANTE, MELVYN MENDOZA
g. G.R. No. 128054 October 16, 1997
Exclusive Original Jurisdiction and Appellate Jurisdiction
- Guieb v. Fontanilla, 247 SCRA 348, Aug. 14, 1995
Special Registration of New Voters
- Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001

3. Commission on Audit
a) Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. COA, GR 101976, Jan. 29, 1993
b) FELIX UY, ROMAN CAGATIN, JAMES ENGUITO et al., v. COMMISSION ON
AUDIT, G.R. No. 130685, March 21, 2000,
c) DENNIS A. B. FUNA v. THE CHAIRMAN, COMMISSION ON AUDIT,
REYNALDO A. VILLAR, G.R. No. 192791, April 24, 2012
d) LUCIANO VELOSO v. COMMISSION ON AUDIT, G.R. No. 193677, September
6, 2011
e) CALTEX PHILIPPINES, INC. v. THE HONORABLE COMMISSION ON AUDIT,
HONORABLE COMMISSIONER BARTOLOME C. FERNANDEZ and
HONORABLE COMMISSIONER ALBERTO P. CRUZ, G.R. No. 92585, May 8,
1992
f) DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, JESUS P. ESTANISLAO,
DOLORES A. SANTIAGO, LYNN H. CATUNCAN, NORMA O. TERREL, MA.
ANTONIA G. REBUENO v. COMMISSION ON AUDIT, G.R. No. 88435, January
16, 2002
g) PHILIPPINE SOCIETY FOR THEPREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS v.
COMMISSION ON AUDIT, G.R. No. 169752, September 25, 2007
h) LAND BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES v. COMMISSION ON AUDIT, G.R. Nos.
89679-81, September 28, 1990
i) GUALBERTO J. DELA LLANA v. THE CHAIRPERSON, COMMISSION ON
AUDIT, THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY and THE NATIONAL TREASURER, G.
R. No. 180989, February 7, 2012

XI. ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS

a) CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES, IN HER CAPACITY AS THE OMBUDSMAN v.

COURT OF APPEALS (SIXTH DIVISION) AND JEJOMAR ERWIN S. BINAY, JR.,
G.R. Nos. 217126-27, November 10, 2015

Impeachment
Impeachable Officers
b) MIGUEL CUENCO v. HON. MARCELO B. FERNAN, A.M. No. 3135, February 17,
1988
c) OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN v. HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS AND
FORMER DEPUTY OMBUDSMAN FOR THE VISAYAS ARTURO C. MOJICA, G.R.
No. 146486, March 4, 2005
d) MA. MERCEDITAS N. GUTIERREZ v. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
COMMITTEE ON JUSTICE, RISA HONTIVEROS-BARAQUEL,FELICIANO
BELMONTE, JR.et al., G.R. No. 193459, February 15, 2011
e) CHIEF JUSTICE RENATO C. CORONA v. SENATE OF THE PHILIPPINES sitting
as an IMPEACHMENT COURT, BANK OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, PHILIPPINE
SAVINGS BANK, ARLENE "KAKA" BAG-AO, GIORGIDI AGGABAO, MARILYN
PRIMICIAS-AGABAS, NIEL TUPAS, RODOLFO FARINAS, SHERWIN TUGNA,
RAUL DAZA, ELPIDIO BARZAGA, REYNALDO UMALI, NERI COLMENARES
 (ALSO KNOWN AS THE PROSECUTORS FROM THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES), G.R. No. 200242, July 17, 2012

Grounds for Impeachment

Procedure
- Francisco vs. HRET
- Romulo v. Yniguez, 141 SCRA 263
-Corona vs. Senate Impeachment Court
-PS Bank vs. Senate Impeachment Court
Impeachment vs. Resignation; Elements; Totality Test
-Estrada vs. Desierto
Impeachment and Criminal Prosecution
- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001

Sandiganbayan
Jurisdiction
- Lacson v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 128096, January 20, 1999
- MAYOR FRANCISCO LECAROZ v. SANDIGANBAYAN, G.R. No.
56384.March 22, 1984
- PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v. THE HONORABLE SANDIGANBAYAN
(Fifth Division) and EFREN L. ALAS, G.R. Nos. 147706-07, February 16,
2005

Ombudsman
Powers of the Ombudsman
a. Honasan v. DOJ Panel of Investigating Prosecutors, GR 159747, Apr. 13,
2004
b. RENATO A. TAPIADOR v. OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN and ATTY.
RONALDO P. LEDESMA, G.R. No. 129124, March 15, 2002
c. JUDGE JOSE CAOIBES, JR. v. OMBUDSMAN and JUDGE FLORENTINO
ALUMBRES, G.R. No. 132177, July 19, 2001

Supervision and control

Acop v. Office of the Ombudsman, 248 SCRA 566

Prosecutorial Powers
a. Camanag v. Guerrero, GR 121017, Feb. 17, 1997
b. EDGARDO V. ESTARIJA v. EDWARD F. RANADA and the Honorable
OMBUDSMAN Aniano A. Desierto (now succeeded by Hon. Simeon
Marcelo), and his Deputy OMBUDSMAN for Mindanao, Hon. Antonio E.
Valenzuela, G. R. No. 159314, June 26, 2006
c. BONIFACIO SANZ MACEDA, Presiding Judge, Branch 12, Regional Trial
Court, Antique v. HON. OMBUDSMAN CONRADO M. VASQUEZ AND
ATTY. NAPOLEON A. ABIERA, G.R. No. 102781, April 22, 1993

Power to issue subpoena; Form of complaint

- Almonte v. Vasquez, 244 SCRA 266

Power to Investigate Administrative Charges

Concurrent with the Office of the President
- Hagad v. Dadole, 241 SCRA 242
Concurrent with the DOJ
- Honasan v. DOJ Panel of Investigating Prosecutors, GR 159747, Apr.
13, 2004
 Power to investigate cases of ill-gotten wealth after Feb. 25, 1996
- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, Sept. 24, 1994

Ombudsman for the Military

- Agbay v. Deputy Ombudsman for the Military, G.R. No. 134503, July 2,
1999

Preventive Suspension
a) HON. RICARDO T. GLORIA, in his capacity as Secretary of the
DECS v. CA, AMPARO A. ABAD, VIRGILIA M. BANDIGAS,
ELIZABETH A. SOMEBANG and NICANOR MARGALLO, G.R. No.
131012, April 21, 1999

Special Prosecutor
- Zaldivar v. Gonzales, 160 SCRA 843

Commission on Human Rights

Powers and Functions of the Commission
- Cariño v. CHR, GR 96681, Dec. 2, 1991
Civil Rights vs. Political Rights
- Simon v. CHR, 229 SCRA 117, Jan. 5, 1994
Fiscal Autonomy
- CHR Employees Assn. v. CHR, GR No. 155336, Nov. 25, 2004

Presidential Commission on Good Government

- Chavez v. PCGG, GR 130716, Dec. 9, 1998
- Cojuangco v. Roxas, 195 SCRA 797
- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 258 SCRA 685
- Romualdez v. Sandiganbayan, 244 S 152

Sequestration
- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 106244, Jan. 22, 1997

Order signed by only one commissioner

- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 113420, Mar. 7, 1997

Imprescriptibility of Right of State to Recover Ill-gotten Wealth

- Presidential Committee on Behest Loans v. Desierto, G.R. No. 130140,
October 25, 1999

Resignation of Public Officer

-Estrada vs. Desierto

XII. NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY

Goals of the National Economy
Industrialization and Full Employment
Protection of Filipino Enterprise
Regalian Doctrine
-Imperium vs. Dominium
- Alienation, Exploration, Development, Utilization and Protection of Natural
Resources
Lands of Public Domain
Ancestral lands, Protection of Indigenous Cultural Communities, Private Lands
National Economy and Patrimony, Investments
Franchises for Public Utilities
Formation, Organization, and Regulation of Corporations
Special Economic Powers of Government, Monopolies

XIII. SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS

A. Commission on Human Rights
Composition, Qualifications, Powers
B. Labor, Agrarian Reform

XIV. EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ARTS, CULTURE AND SPORTS

A. Goals of the State
B. Right to Education and Economic Freedom
C. Language, National Language

XV. GENERAL PROVISIONS

A. Symbols of Nationality
B. State Immunity
C. Armed Forces of the Philippines

XVI. AMENDMENTS AND REVISIONS

a. RAUL L. LAMBINO and ERICO B. AUMENTADO, TOGETHER WITH 6,327,952
REGISTERED VOTERS v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 174153, October 25, 2006
b. MIRIAM DEFENSOR SANTIAGO, ALEXANDER PADILLA, and MARIA ISABEL
ONGPIN v. COMELEC, JESUS DELFIN, ALBERTO & CARMEN PEDROSA, as
founding members of PIRMA, G.R. No. 127325, March 19, 1997

XVII. TRANSITORY PROVISIONS