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    Common Mineral Groups 1. Silicates (Sio4)

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    Cocoa Doodle
    Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition and crystal structure. They exhibit physical properties such as color, streak, hardness, luster, cleavage, fracture, and diaphaneity. Minerals are classified based on their chemical composition into groups including silicates, oxides, sulfates, sulfides, carbonates, native elements, and halides. Common rock types - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - are aggregates containing minerals and other components.

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    Common Mineral Groups 1. Silicates (Sio4)

    Uploaded by

    Cocoa Doodle
    21 views2 pages
    Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition and crystal structure. They exhibit physical properties such as color, streak, hardness, luster, cleavage, fracture, and diaphaneity. Minerals are classified based on their chemical composition into groups including silicates, oxides, sulfates, sulfides, carbonates, native elements, and halides. Common rock types - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - are aggregates containing minerals and other components.

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    Mineralogy Reviewer

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    Mineralogy Reviewer

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    Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition and crystal structure. They exhibit physical properties such as color, streak, hardness, luster, cleavage, fracture, and diaphaneity. Minerals are classified based on their chemical composition into groups including silicates, oxides, sulfates, sulfides, carbonates, native elements, and halides. Common rock types - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - are aggregates containing minerals and other components.

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    21 views2 pages

    Common Mineral Groups 1. Silicates (Sio4)

    Uploaded by

    Cocoa Doodle
    Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition and crystal structure. They exhibit physical properties such as color, streak, hardness, luster, cleavage, fracture, and diaphaneity. Minerals are classified based on their chemical composition into groups including silicates, oxides, sulfates, sulfides, carbonates, native elements, and halides. Common rock types - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - are aggregates containing minerals and other components.

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    Mineralogy b.

    Submetallic
    c. Non-metallic
    Minerals

     Naturally occurring
     Inorganic 5. Cleavage – break of a crystal face where
     Definite chemical composition a new crystal face is formed when
     Ordered crystal structure mineral is broken
     Homogenous solid 6. Fracture – chipping of material
    (crumbles when broken)
    Rocks – an aggregate (combination/mesh) of
    minerals, mineraloids and glass *All minerals exhibit fracture but not cleavage

    Types: 7. Diaphaneity – described as


    “transparency.” Describes how much or
    1. Igneous – contains minerals and how little light is passed through on a
    volcanic glass mineral. Thickness can be a factor
    2. Sedimentary – usually contain minerals, a. Transparent
    lithic fragments and biogenic b. Translucent
    3. Metamorphic – usually contains c. Opaque
    minerals
    Other Physical Properties
    Physical Properties of Minerals
     Specific Gravity – ratio between weight
    1. Color – there is a dominant color which of gravity versus weight of water
    appears to be visible  Reaction to Acid – used in identifying
    2. Streak – best described as the carbonates
    powdered color of mineral (Streak is  Magnetism – a determining property to
    more reliable than color) identify magnetic minerals
    3. Hardness – resistance of a mineral to
    scratching Common Mineral Groups

    Quartz – most common hardest rock-forming 1. Silicates (SiO4)


    mineral  Majority of minerals in Igneous Rock
     Contains Silicon and Oxygen. Most
    Fingernail – 2.5
    abundant elements in the crust.
    Copper Coin – 3  Ex: Quartz
    2. Oxides (O^2- + ions)
    Glass/Steel Knife – 5.5
     Oxygen plus metallic element
    Streak Plate – 6.5  Ex: Magnetite
    3. Sulphates (SO4 + ions)
    Majority is <7
     Sulfur and oxygen, with other ions.
    4. Luster – indicates how much light is  Soft to average hardness; nonmetallic
    reflected on the surface of minerals  Ex: Gypsum
    4. Sulfides (S^2- +ions)
    Main Subdivisions
     Mixed ore minerals with good economic
    a. Metallic importance
     Vivid colors; opaque
     Ex: Galena
    5. Carbonates (C03^2-)
     Bubbles when in contact with acid
     Light colored minerals tend to be
    carbonates
    6. Native Elements
     Forms as an individual element

    Subdivisions:

    1. Metal – high conductivity, low


    hardness, metallic luster (Gold)
    2. Semi-Metal – more fragile and less
    conductive compared to metal (Arsenic)
    3. Non-Metal – non-conductive (Diamond)

    7. Halides
     Contains Halogens
     Relatively low hardness, good cleavage
    plane, poor conductors, often
    transparent
     Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, and
    Astanine
     Ex: Fluorite, NaCl

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