Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 180 views

    NMNM

    Uploaded by

    Vincent Soekardi
    The document discusses a study that examined the relationship between heavy coffee drinking and suicide risk in Finland from 1972-1995. It analyzes whether the hypothesis that heavy coffee drinking increases suicide risk could be explained by chance, confounding factors, bias, reverse time order, or a causal relationship. The document determines that confounding is the most likely explanation, since factors like unemployment, marital status, smoking, and low education had higher relative risks for suicide than heavy coffee drinking alone. It recommends obtaining more valid data and controlling stress to help prevent suicide risk.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    NMNM

    Uploaded by

    Vincent Soekardi
    180 views2 pages
    The document discusses a study that examined the relationship between heavy coffee drinking and suicide risk in Finland from 1972-1995. It analyzes whether the hypothesis that heavy coffee drinking increases suicide risk could be explained by chance, confounding factors, bias, reverse time order, or a causal relationship. The document determines that confounding is the most likely explanation, since factors like unemployment, marital status, smoking, and low education had higher relative risks for suicide than heavy coffee drinking alone. It recommends obtaining more valid data and controlling stress to help prevent suicide risk.

    Original Description:

    nmnm

    Original Title

    nmnm

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses a study that examined the relationship between heavy coffee drinking and suicide risk in Finland from 1972-1995. It analyzes whether the hypothesis that heavy coffee drinking increases suicide risk could be explained by chance, confounding factors, bias, reverse time order, or a causal relationship. The document determines that confounding is the most likely explanation, since factors like unemployment, marital status, smoking, and low education had higher relative risks for suicide than heavy coffee drinking alone. It recommends obtaining more valid data and controlling stress to help prevent suicide risk.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    180 views2 pages

    NMNM

    Uploaded by

    Vincent Soekardi
    The document discusses a study that examined the relationship between heavy coffee drinking and suicide risk in Finland from 1972-1995. It analyzes whether the hypothesis that heavy coffee drinking increases suicide risk could be explained by chance, confounding factors, bias, reverse time order, or a causal relationship. The document determines that confounding is the most likely explanation, since factors like unemployment, marital status, smoking, and low education had higher relative risks for suicide than heavy coffee drinking alone. It recommends obtaining more valid data and controlling stress to help prevent suicide risk.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Heavy coffee drinking and the risk of suicide

    Name : Vincent NIM : 01071170136 Tutor : dr. Vella

    1.Description of Place Person Time


    Place Person Time
    -Finland -Male Year 1972-1995
    -Unemployed people
    -Single, divorcee ,widow
    -Current smoker
    -Heavy coffee drinker
    -Heavy alcohol consumer
    -People with low education
    -Tea drinker
    2. HYPOTHESIS : DRINKING LOTS OF COFFEE CAN INCREASE THE RISK OF
    SUICIDE.
    3. Find the Best possible ASSOCIATION:
    A. Chance (Yes/No) Explanation:
    Yes, because it was just a coincidence. If the experiment is repeated, the result
    won’t be the same.

    B. Confounding (Yes/No) Explanation:


    Yes, because according to the given data, the relative risk of heavy coffee drinker
    is smaller than the relative risk of male. So, the real cause of suicide was not
    drinking lots of coffee, but, there’s another reason why those people committed
    suicide. Drinking coffee was just an observed exposure, not the real cause of the
    suicide.

    C. Bias (Yes/No) Explanation:


    Yes, because the sample was just taken in a place where there’s a lot of suicide as
    it was a selection bias. Then, the information obtained was not accurate enough
    because those people might answer the questionnaire wrong as it was an
    information bias.

    D. Reverse Time Order (Yes/No) Explanation:


    Yes, because those people might have some mental disorder and think to commit
    suicide before drinking coffee, not because of drinking lots of coffee caused them
    mental disorder to trigger them to commit suicide.

    E. Causal (Yes/No) Explanation:


    No, because it was not drinking lots of coffee who caused people committing
    suicide, but because they were under stress or might have some mental disorder
    that triggered them to commit suicide.
    4. The most possible Association: Choose One only for the best association:
    Chance/Confounding/Bias/Reserve Time Order/Causal
    Confounding, because the relative risk of heavy coffee drinker was smaller than
    the relative risk of male. So, the real cause of suicide was not drinking lots of
    coffee, but, there’s another reason why those people committed suicide. Drinking
    lots of coffee was just an observed exposure, not the real cause of the suicide.

    5. Prevention / policy ( practical ) to prevent the risk of suicide.


    -Get a more valid data
    -Give a more easily understood questionnaire so that the samples can answer more
    correctly and we can have a more valid data.
    -Make sure there isn’t any disturbing factor that makes the data invalid
    -Control the stress so that we won’t go into the wrong way
    -If there’s a massive problem and you think of committing suicide, don’t. Consult
    to your friend or a psychiatrist to help you and give you some advice about it
    -Have more fun, like doing sports, watching comedies, etc that makes us happy

    You might also like