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25 THINKING

TOOLS
https://www.scotthyoung.com/blog/2018/12/04/25-thinking-tools/
ARTIST
WHAT IF CREATIVITY WERE THE PRIORITY?

HEAD WITH PIE


(CREATIVITY/PROFIT/EFFICIENT)

INNOVATION
CREATIVITY
UNIQUENESS
REFINEMENT
ECONOMIST
HOW DO PEOPLE REACT TO INCENTIVES?

BALLOON (STATUS QUO) PRICKED


BY A NEEDLE (INCENTIVE)

WHAT-IF
I CHANGE THIS
HOW
PEOPLE WILL RESPOND
ENGINEER
CAN I MODEL THIS AND CALCULATE?

BUILD A MODEL
MEASURE
EXTRAPOLATE
ESTIMATE
ENTREPRENEUR
DO A LOT OF THINGS; SEE WHAT WORKS

DIFFERENTLY SHAPED DART BOARDS

IN THE FACE OF NOISE | UNCERTAINTY


TRY MANY AND SEE WHAT WORKS

RAPID-PROTYPING
OK NOT TO BE PERFECT
LISTEN TO FEEDBACK
DOCTOR
WHAT’S THE DIAGNOSIS?

SYMPTOMS | TESTS | DIAGNOSIS


MAPPING

PROBLEM

CAUSES SYMPTOMS

DIAGNOSIS
JOURNALIST
JUST THE FACTS

TEXTS IN GRAYSCALE
FILTERED TO
ONLY BLACK ONES

SOURCE INFORMATION

CHECK/CROSS CHECK FACTS

DECIDE
SCIENTIST
MAKE A HYPOTHESIS AND TEST IT

MAKE A HYPOTHESIS

EXPERIMENT WITH
ONE VARIABLE AT A TIME
MATHEMATICIAN
YOU DON’T KNOW UNTIL YOU CAN
PROVE IT

1+1=2
1=2-1
0=2-1-1

ITS NOT SOLVED


UNTIL YOU
PROVE IT
PROGRAMMER
WHAT’S THE PATTERN I CAN AUTOMATE?

Do 3 Times:

SIMPLIFY
AUTOMATE
REFACTOR
ARCHITECT
ENVISIONING THE FUTURE

VISUALIZE
MODEL
VALIDATE
BUILD
SALESPERSON
UNDERSTAND THEIR MINDS BETTER THAN
THEY DO

LISTEN
FEEL THE VOID

FILL THE VOID


SOLDIER
ROUTINE AND DISCIPLINE PREVENT
DEADLY MISTAKES

FIND THE BEST ROUTINE


(WHERE SLIP-UPS COST YOU DEAR)

FOLLOW THE ROUTINE


WITH DISCIPLINE
CHESS MASTER
SEE THE MOVES IN YOUR MIND’S EYE

QUEEN MOVES
ON BLACK TRIANGULAR
PATHS

VISUALIZE
PREDICT
COMPARE
(PREDICTION WITH REALITY)
DESIGNER
THE THINGS YOU MAKE COMMUNICATE
FOR YOU

INTUITIVELY DESIGN
EVERYTHING YOU DO
(SO THE OUTCOME NEEDS
NO EXPLAINING)
TEACHER
CAN YOU SEE WHAT IT IS LIKE NOT TO
KNOW SOMETHING OBVIOUS?

MODEL
(HOW OTHERS SEE YOUR WORLD)

UNDERSTAND
(WHAT THEY ARE MISSING)

EXPLAIN WITH CLARITY


ANTHROPOLOGIST
CAN YOU IMMERSE AND JOIN ANOTHER
CULTURE?

IMMERSE
(MIX IN TO NEW CULTURE)

LEARN
(THE NUANCES WITH OPEN MIND)

GET ACCEPTANCE
PSYCHOLOGIST
TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF OTHER
PEOPLE

ASSUME & APPLY


(APPLY ASSUMPTIONS TO UNDERSTAND BETTER)
DISCOVER

(DISCOVER TO CREATE NEW SET OF
ASSUMPTIONS)

REPEAT
CRITIC
CAN YOU BUILD ON THE WORK OF
OTHERS?

CROSS POLLINATION OF CONCEPTS??

ANALYZE & INTERPRET


BUILD DISCUSSIONS
CROSS POLLINATE & EXTEND
PHILOSOPHER
WHAT ARE THE UNEXPECTED
CONSEQUENCES OF AN INTUITION?

GIVEN AN INTUITION:
IDENTIFY FLAWS 

(‘reductio ad absurdum’)
MAKE IT STRONGER 

(Questioning the fundamentals behind)
ACCOUNTANT
WATCH THE RATIOS

OBSERVE PATTERNS

FIND RATIOS THAT MATTER

DERIVE THE RIGHT BALANCE


POLITICIAN
WHAT WILL PEOPLE BELIEVE?

BALANCE WEIGHING RESULT AND


PERCEPTION NEEDLE IS DECISION

RESULTS OF AN ACTION
is as important as
HOW OTHERS WILL PERCEIVE
THE ACTION
NOVELIST
DOES YOUR STORY MAKE SENSE?

PACKAGE THE STREAM


OF REALITY IN TO
INTERPRETABLE STORIES
(TO MAKE PEOPLE BETTER UNDERSTAND REALITY)
ACTOR
THE BEST WAY TO PRETEND IS TO BE REAL

???

CONJURE UP THE SITUATIONS


TO FEEL THE STATE YOU
WANT TO BE IN
(HELPS YOU TO BE IN THE SHOES OF SOMEBODY)
PLUMBER
TAKE IT APART AND SEE WHAT’S BROKEN

???

CREATE A MENTAL MODEL


(OF THE BROKEN SYSTEM)

TAKE IT APART
(TO SEE WHATS BROKEN)

FIX IT
PLUMBER
TAKE IT APART AND SEE WHAT’S BROKEN

CREATE A MENTAL MODEL


(OF THE BROKEN SYSTEM)

TAKE IT APART
(TO SEE WHATS BROKEN)

FIX IT
HACKER
WHAT’S REALLY GOING ON
UNDERNEATH?

???

WADE THROUGH THE


LAYERS OF SIMPLIFICATIONS
TO THE DEEPER REALITY
(TO REVEAL THINGS THAT ARE BROKEN
AT FUNDAMENTAL LEVELS)

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