The Quran Scientific Exegesis

THE QURAN
SCIENTIFIC EXEGESIS
Prof. P.A. Wahid, Ph.D., FNAAS

(Former Dean, Kerala Agricultural University and Member Secretary,
Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment, India)
THE QURAN SCIENTIFIC EXEGESIS |2
NOTHING IN THIS UNIVERSE MAKES SENSE

EXCEPT IN THE LIGHT OF HOLY QURAN
CONTENTS
Preface 9
1. INTRODUCTION 11
2. ALLAH – THE ONLY GOD 18
God is Absolute Truth
3. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE OF GOD AND
IRRATIONALITY OF ATHEISM 42
Big bang cosmology
Energy cannot originate by itself
References
4. SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY OF THE QURANIC
REVELATIONS 49
The Quranic revelations confirmed in science
a) Primordial „smoke‟, existence of the universe
as single unit prior to separation into
component systems and its expansion
following separation
b) Description of the sun as lamp and the moon
as light
c) Limited lifespan of the sun
d) Motion of celestial bodies in their tracks
e) The moon split
f) Velocity of light
g) Structural geology of Earth‟s interior
h) The shrinking Earth
i) Fixation of mountains like pegs
j) Sperm – the decider of sex in human beings
k) Human embryology
l) Production of honey in bees and its
medicinal value
m) Destruction of ancient civilizations
n) Preservation of Pharaoh‟s body for posterity

o) Preservation of Noah‟s Ark for posterity
p) Meeting of sweet water sea and saline sea
without mixing
The Quranic revelations requiring scientific explanation
a) Creation in pairs
b) Earth – the first to be created
c) Organization of cosmic space as seven skies
d) Extraterrestrial distribution of organisms
e) Appearance of a special organism on Earth
References
5. THE DIVINE MISSION WITH MAN
AND UNIVERSE 105
Purpose of creation
A hypothetical example of humanoid robot testing
Islam, Muslim and test of man
6. ORIGIN OF ENERGY AND THE PROCESS OF

CREATION 121
Energy
Allah – the Creator, the Programmer
Divine process of creation
References
7. THE UNIVERSE – DIVINE EXPERT SYSTEM 135
Natural evidence supporting the concept of
computer universe
The Quranic indicators of computer universe
a) Universal components carry divine instructions
b) Flow of information between the universe and
Allah‟s abode
c) Real-time recording of information
Natural designs revealed through the Quran
Computer model of the physical universe based
on the Quran
a) Abioprogram – the divine source of chemical
information
b) Divine governance of the universe
References
8. PROGRAMMED EVOLUTION OF THE
PHYSICAL UNIVERSE 160
Execution of the abioprogram
Age of the universe and Earth
End of the universe
Creation of the next universe
References
9. THE ROOH AND THE PHENOMENA OF LIFE,
DEATH AND SOUL 181
Organism – natural biocomputer or biorobot
Definitions of life, death and soul
Rooh – The invisible nonmaterial biological information
a) Rooh as biosoftware
b) Rooh as special program in human biosystem
c) Distinction between malak and Jibreel
d) Rooh as Scripture
e) Rooh to strengthen faith
f) Death – a certainty
Rooh and the modern concept of molecular gene
a) The gene is indefinable
b) Lack of genome-phenome correspondence
c) Genome - chemically untenable
d) Other anomalies
Scientific evidence for nonmaterial bioinformation
a) Falsifiability of nonmaterial bioinformation concept
Biomemetics
a) Natural biosoftware engineering
References
10. ORIGIN OF BIOINFORMATION AND PROGRAMMED
EVOLUTION OF BIOLOGICAL SPECIES 228
Theories of abiogenesis
a) Prebiotic soup theory

b) Gene-first model
c) Metabolism-first model
d) Panspermia theories
e) Problems with the theories
Darwin‟s theory of evolution
Evolutionary tree
Creation of biological species
a) Ontogeny as model phenomenon
b) Biogenesis – origin of divine biological information
c) Programmed evolution of biological species from PBC
Biomemetic classification of species
References
11. MAN – ALLAH‟S INTELLIGENT, CONSCIOUS
AND FREE-WILLED ROBOT 271
Creation of human species
Human robot system
a) Qalb (Mind) – the conscious free-willed processor
b) Sadr – memory (hard disk) of human biosystem
c) Mechanism of real-time recording in sadr
d) Information stored in sadr – record of one‟s test
performance
e) Locations of mind (qalb) and memory (sadr)
f) Faculties of seeing and hearing
g) Ability to speak and write
Comparison of human and animal biosystems
References
12. SIGNIFICANCE OF ADAM‟S NAFS –
MICROBIOPROGRAM OF HOMO SAPIENS 319
Satan virus
Human biodiversification
A priori knowledge and evolution of science and technology
References
13. PLANET EARTH – HUMAN ROBOT TESTING

LABORATORY 351
Design of Earth vis-à-vis the divine objective
a) Physical resources
b) Plant resources
c) Animal resources
d) Marine resources
e) Other favours
Evaluation of the laboratory infrastructure vis-à-vis
the divine purpose
References
14. HUMAN ROBOT TESTING PROGRAMME
ON EARTH 389
Islam – the basis of Allah‟s test
a) Doctrine of oneness of God (Tawhid)
b) God-consciousness (taqwa)
c) Articles of Faith
d) Religious rites, prayers and rules
e) Other aspects
Mission of the prophets
Miracles shown by the prophets
Term for the people of a prophet
Fate of earlier nations
References
15. PROPHET MUHAMMAD AND THE REVELATION
OF THE QURAN 442
Prophet Muhammad
Wahy – the mode of revelation of the Quran
a) Al-Lauh Mahfooz – the Scripture Server
b) The process of wahy
The Quran – divine guidance to the people of Muhammad
16. THE PROCESS OF HUMAN ROBOT TESTING 468

The role of Satan in the test
Biomemome (nafs)-based performance evaluation
Real-time recording of test performance

The phenomenon of divine guidance
Death – termination of the test period
17. END OF THE DIVINE MISSION 497

Resurrection of man
a) Storage of biosoftware (nafs) in the earth
b) Mechanism of human resurrection
c) Purposes of resurrection
The Day of Judgement
Heaven – the Muslim Earth
Hell – the place of punishment
References
18. EPILOGUE 528
Preface
In this era of science and technology, the importance of
rationality and accuracy of belief systems cannot be
overemphasized. There is the general but wrong notion that
religion and science are mutually contradicting epistemic
spaces. The scientific community believes that religion and
God are just another human invention. To defend this
argument, it had introduced certain theories assuming that the
physical universe and biological species are products of chance
evolution with no purpose to serve. The conditions of
rationality and accuracy are equally applicable to such theories
also. Unfortunately it is generally taken for granted that any
information originating from the scientific community is
rational and based on evidence. On the contrary, the probability
of a Scripture being rational and true is not even considered.
Even after fourteen hundred years, the Quran exists in
its pristine form under divine protection. It is the only available
Scripture that is not authored by a human being. It is the only
source that reveals to mankind the purpose of creation of Homo
sapiens and the universe. The Quranic revelations including the
purpose of creation are scientifically verifiable. It is the
amenability of the holy Quran to scientific verification and
explanation that places it in a class of its own.
The Quran is divine treasure of knowledge to mankind.
The world has not realized this truth yet. Science is also as
divine as the Quran although the general belief including that
of religious scholars and the scientific community is it is man-
made. Science has its limitations and cannot deliver all the
information man is looking for. The Quran provides the
information what science cannot generate and vice versa. It is
noteworthy that it is in the Muhammadan era scientific
knowledge is released by Allah. To the dispassionate unbiased
truth seeker, these two domains of knowledge are two sides of
the same coin.
T H E Q U R A N S C I E N T I F I C E X E G E S I S | 10
The scientific exegesis of the Quran presented in this

book is a compilation of the results of my research already
published in a couple of books as well as several new
additions. It paves way for the fruitful and harmonious
blending of the Quran with science generating holistic
knowledge of the universe and human life. The approach
adopted in this work is comprehensive. The Quran serves as
the divine lens through which man can look at the creations
and understand them scientifically from the divine perspective
– as Creator Allah sees them. Science serves as the effective
and efficient tool not only to verify the rationality and veracity
of the Scripture to the best satisfaction of human mind but also
to greatly enhance human perception of the boundless power of
God Almighty. Scientific validity of the Quranic revelations
offers the unequivocal proof of the existence of God and
divinity of the Quran.
Praise be to Allah – the Creator and Sustainer of the
worlds – for giving me the strength, determination and
perseverance all through this work. I submit to Him in all
humility.
P.A.W.
1. INTRODUCTION
Belief in God is considered by most scientists as
irrational and blind. Although this is the general notion of the
scientific community, it is this view that goes against the well-
established scientific facts. However, this view goes
uncontested because people invariably consider the view of
scientists as scientific, which in this case is not. It is imperative
that the belief system we follow and the knowledgebase we
develop should be scientifically sound. In this era of
knowledge societies, particularly the religious traditions and
beliefs without rational basis are bound to be rejected.
Acceptance of a Scripture is going to be based on its scientific
validity. Therefore, scientific explanation of the Scriptural
revelations assumes great significance. This is possible only if
the Scripture is amenable to scientific treatment and
explanation. The very amenability of a Scripture to scientific
explanation points to its divinity and rationality. As we shall
see in this exegesis the Quran proves itself it is truth from God
based on this criterion. The Quran and science blend
harmoniously with each other indicating both these domains of
knowledge originated from the same source, God. Merger of
science with Quran leads to the development of holistic
knowledge, which is referred to here as Islamic Science. The
term Islamic Science is not used here to mean scientific
contributions of Muslim scientists as generally used in Islamic
literature.
Holistic knowledge of the universe and man can be
developed only if the purpose of creation is known. The Quran
is the only source that provides this information. This fact also
strengthens that Islamic Science alone can claim the status of
holistic knowledge. The universe must be treated, studied and
understood as a system created by Allah in the light of the
divine purpose revealed through the Quran. Neither science nor
the Quran can give us the complete knowledge about the
universe and human life but in combination they can.

Understanding of the universe and human life consistent with
Allah‟s purpose of creation will render our knowledge
scientific, true and holistic.
It is without considering the divine purpose of creation
but instead declaring that the universe and man originated by
chance with no purpose to serve, science is „advancing‟. The
knowledge so generated will indeed be wanting in several
respects. To the scientific world, man is just a component of
the universe like any other component. Information about man
is generated under that premise. Obviously scientific
knowledge developed independently of the Quran will not only
be limited in scope but will also be misleading. True and
holistic knowledge of human species and the universe can only
be developed through fusion of science with the Quran
encompassing the divine mission and purpose of creation to
suit that mission.
The Quran is regarded by the world as no more than a
religious text that provides information on matters relating to
Islam. This view about the Quran is indeed an underestimate of
its scope and applicability. The religious content apart, it also
provides substantial information on many and varied aspects of
the universe and human life. The Quran conveys this fact in no
uncertain terms:
‫با ِكْكػَو اًن ااِك ُك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا َو ُك ًن ا َو َور ْك َو ًنا َو ُك ْك َو ٰى ااِكْك ُك ْك ِك ِك َوا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو اػَوَّزاْكَو ا َو َوْك َو اااْك َو َو‬
16:89 “…We (Allah) sent down the Book to you as an
explanation to everything, a guide, a mercy, and good news to
Muslims (i.e., those who submit to the will of God).”
We have not realized the scope of the Quran in its entirety nor
have we examined its applicability in various domains of
knowledge other than the religion Islam. The Quran may be
best described as the detailed account of divine mission with
man and universe. Every subject discussed in the Quran
including religion should be seen as part of the overall mission

of God. It is only then will we be able to fully grasp the
significance and relevance of the Quranic revelations. To put it
differently, we should perceive the universe and human species
from the angle of divine mission to get the true picture and to
live purposefully, meaningfully and successfully.
The process of Quran-science integration involves
application of the Quran to science as well as application of
science to the Quran. The former is a purification process. It
enables us to bring science within the framework of the Quran
weeding out the Quran-hostile areas particularly atheism-
oriented theories from the domain of science. Such theories are
the handiwork of Satan. The latter enables us to comprehend
the Quranic revelations scientifically and convincingly. It is the
overall product of these two processes that is referred to here as
Islamic Science. Islamic Science is the totality of the
knowledge of the universe and man revealed to the people of
Prophet Muhammad by the Creator – Allah. It represents the
quantum of knowledge man is entitled to get. Science is not a
static domain of knowledge. It is dynamic and advances
qualitatively and quantitatively with time. This implies that
understanding of the Quranic revelations about the universe
and man will also go hand in hand with the advancement of
science to suit the mental caliber of the people of future
generations till the end of the world, which also marks the end
of the Muhammadan era.
A general apprehension about scientific exegesis of the
Quran is that as scientific theories change, the scientific
explanation given to the Quranic revelation will also change
for the better or for the worse. This implies that an explanation
given now in the light of a current theory may become outdated
sometime later. Further, it is also likely that the new theory that
replaces the current one in future may be contradictory to the
Quranic revelation. Given the present general attitude towards
science and the way people view it as rational and true, this
apprehension is justifiable. But this will not happen because

any theory that contradicts the Quran will not stand up to
scientific scrutiny and will eventually be proven wrong. How
do then such theories enter science? A dispassionate analysis of
the current scenario in science will bring to light certain
startling facts about the deliberate attempts of the scientific
community to manipulate science to promote atheism. It is high
time the world realized this fact.
It will not be difficult to find there is deep-rooted, well-
organized conspiracy going on to promote atheism in the garb
of science. In this context, it is necessary to distinguish
technology-oriented domain of science from technology-not-
oriented (or non-tech) domain. Scientific knowledge in the
technology-oriented domain is self-correcting and directional
as otherwise the targeted technology will not result. This
domain has therefore factual content and will not in any way
contradict the Quran. On the other hand, the non-tech domain
lacks mechanism for self-correction. Since this space does not
contribute to the development of technologies, it does not
attract much attention and remains not of immediate concern to
the people. Obviously, this domain can be easily manipulated
and is being manipulated. It is the non-tech domain of science
that nurtures theories against theism. Rejection of the non-tech
domain of science will not hamper the scientific and
technological advancement of any country. The non-tech
domain of science should be developed in conformity with the
Quran. As the Quran is truth from Allah and is guidance to
every sphere of human activity including science (Q. 16:89
quoted above), this approach alone can pave way for the
development of true knowledge. The scientific exegesis of the
holy Quran presented in this book is based on that approach.
The apprehension about the changing nature of scientific
theories and its influence on the scientific exegesis of the
Quran is thus unfounded. It may be reminded here that the
scientific exegesis presented here does not involve verses
relating to the religion Islam but involves only verses
pertaining to the universe and man. The exegesis therefore does

not in any way affect the understanding of the religious
matters. As science advances, the future generations will
understand the Quranic revelations about the universe and man
with greater level of scientific acumen and sophistication.
These aspects have also been discussed in my paper
“Development and promotion of Islamic science” published in
Muslim World League Journal (2011, vol. 39, issue 12, p. 45-
48).
The Quranic revelations pertaining to the universe are
concerned with only natural phenomena and not theoretical
aspects. Application of science to explain those revelations
does not in any way change the meaning of the verse(s)
concerned. Scientific explanation (exegesis) differs from the
presently available tafsir of the Quran (interpretation or
explanation given to the verses) in this respect. Generally
speaking, the literal tafsir attempts not just verbatim translation
but also interpretation of the Quranic text. It can therefore
cause alteration of the meanings of the verses. Thus we find
grossly different interpretations given by different scholars for
certain verses. In contrast, scientific tafsir does not distort or
alter the meaning of any word in the Quran as it is by and large
concerned with understanding of the phenomena mentioned in
the Quran. For example, take the word „Satan‟. Through
scientific explanation, we are only attempting to understand the
phenomenon called „Satan‟ from whatever hints the Quran
gives us. That will provide us with a picture of what Satan is or
can be. The scientific understanding of Satan so arrived at will
not in any way affect the meaning of the verse containing the
word „Satan‟. It is like explaining a phenomenon scientifically.
For example, electricity is a phenomenon. We explain it
scientifically as flow of electrons. The explanation suits well as
it yields workable solutions for practical application.
Voluminous literature is available today in science and
technology that is quite useful and appropriate to explain and
understand the Quranic revelations. These include

technological models, well-established scientific facts,
discoveries of various natural phenomena, inventions, etc. This
book attempts to provide scientific explanation of the Quranic
verses wherever applicable. It is hoped that the book covers
most of the Quranic verses that are amenable to scientific
explanation in the light of available scientific information.
The synergistic fusion of science with the Quran will
not only revolutionize our worldview from purposeless to
purposeful, but will also allow us to perceive the physical
universe and biological organisms as programmed systems like
computers operating on divine instructions (software)
immanent in them. Every component system is fully automated
and there is coordination at the level of the universe. The
scientific exegesis of the Quran explains the automated
functioning of the living and nonliving components of the
universe to accomplish the divine mission. The Quranic
revelations about the physical universe and biological
components particularly man can be efficiently explained
based on computer analogy.
Scientific explanation of the Quranic revelations is
divided into chapters each discussing a subject of scientific
merit. The organization of the chapters is so done as to reflect
and preserve the overall mission of Allah with His creations. It
will be evident that the Quran and science can harmoniously
blend to generate scientifically valid answers to the big
questions like who I am, why I am here, what is the purpose of
this universe, what is the fate of the universe, what is the future
of human species and so on. There is no other source that
offers answers to these questions. The scope of Islamic Science
is very broad and extensive. A lot of work can be done in this
virtually unexplored virgin field.
The need for scientific exegesis (tafsir) of the Quran
cannot be overemphasized. It brings Islamic belief system on
sound scientific footing. Whole-hearted participation of
scientists in various fields and Quran scholars is required for

developing this epistemic domain. Continued and concerted
effort through such joint venture alone can lead to the
understanding of the Quran in keeping with the advancement
of science.
2. ALLAH – THE ONLY GOD

The Quran provides substantial information about the
attributes of Almighty God, Allah. “Allah” (Al Ilah) in Arabic
means “the God”. The word “God” is also used in this book to
mean Allah. Allah has not made Himself visible to man.
Through the Quran, Allah conveys to us His multifaceted
attributes and power. Being the originator and creator of
everything, beginningless and immortal, He alone can claim
ego. He is the only God. Everything else is His creation. We
are directed through the Quran to believe in Him unseen. Every
attribute mentioned in the Quran is unique to Him. Some of the
important attributes of Allah conveyed through the Quran are
given below. The list is certainly not complete as it covers
mostly those relevant to the subject matter covered in this
book.
God is Allah. He is One. There is no God but Allah (Q.
20:98; 2:163). And there is none like Him (Q. 112:1-4). There
is nothing whatsoever that resembles Him (Q. 42:11). The
doctrine of oneness of God (al-tawhid) and worshipping the
only God form the core message the divine Scriptures – the
earlier as well as the final (the Quran) – convey to humanity
(Q. 21:25). He is the Creator, Evolver and bestower of forms.
To Him belong the most beautiful names (Q. 59:24) and He
creates what He likes (Q. 28:68).
‫ٍء ِك‬ ‫إِكَّزٔمَو اإِك ٰىَوَلُك ُك ُكماااَّزهُكاااَّز ِكذ َو‬
‫ياَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َووا ۚ ا َو ِكس َوع ُك‬
‫اك َّزا َو ْك ا ْك ًن‬
20:98 Indeed your God is Allah. There is no God but He. His
knowledge encompasses all things.
‫اح ٌ ا ۖ َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َوواااَّز ْك ٰىَو ُك اااَّز ِكح ُكما‬
‫إِك ٰىَوَل ُك ماإِكٰىاَوها ِك‬
‫َو ُك ْك ٌ َو‬
2:163 And your God is One God. There is no God but He,
Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
‫َوح ٌ اا‬ ‫ااال َو ُكا َوَلْكايَوِك ْك ا َو َوَلْكايُكواَو ْك ا َو َوَلْكايَو ُك ْك ااَوهُك ُك‬
‫اك ُكف ًنواا َو‬ ‫َوح ٌا ااَّزهُك َّز‬
‫ُك ْك ا ُك َوواااَّزهُكا َو‬
112:1-4 Say: He is Allah, the (only) One; Allah on whom

depend all. He begets not, nor is He begotten. And there is
none like Him.
‫ضا ۚ اجع ااَو ُك م ِكام ا َواْكػ ُكف ِك ُك ما ْكَوز اج ا ِكم ْك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اج ا ۖ ا‬
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوع ـا ْكَوزَو ًن‬ ‫ْك َو ًن َو َو‬ ‫فَو طُك ااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك َو َو َو ْك ْك‬
‫اك ِك ثْكِك ِكها َو ا ۖ ا وااا َّز ِك عاااْك ِك‬
‫ل ُكا‬ ‫س َو‬ ۚ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ُك َو‬ ‫ْك ٌ َو ُك َو‬ ‫يَو ْكذ َورُكؤُكك ْكماف ها ااَوْك َو‬
42:11 (Allah is) the Creator of the skies and the earth. He
made spouses for you from among yourselves and mates
among cattle. Through that (design) He multiplies you. There
is nothing whatsoever that resembles Him. And He hears and
sees (all things).
‫وح اإِكاَوْك ِكها َواَّزهُك َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا َواَو افَو ْك ُك ُك ِكفا‬ ‫م ا َورس ْكَو ِكام ا َوػ ِك َو ِكام ارس ٍء‬
‫وؿاإِكَّزَلااُك ِك‬
‫ْك َو ُك‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو ْك ْك‬
21:25 We (Allah) had not sent an apostle before you (Prophet
Muhammad) except to convey to him, “There is no God but I;
therefore serve (i.e., worship) Me”.
‫ااْل َنا ۚ اي ِّلحااَوهام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫اتا‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َوْسَو ُك ْكُك ْك َو ٰى ُك َو ُك ُك َو‬ ‫ل ِّلوُكرا ۖ ااَوهُك ْك‬
‫ااْل ْك‬ ‫ااْلَو اِك ُكقاااْكَو ِكر ُك‬
‫ئاااْك ُك َو‬ ‫ُك َوواااَّزهُك ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ِك ُكام‬
‫ضا ۖ ا َو ُك َوواااْك َوع ِكيُك ْك‬ ‫َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬
59:24 He is Allah, the Creator, the Evolver, the Bestower of
Forms (or Colours). To Him belong the most beautiful names.
Everything in the skies and the earth sings His praises. And He
is the Mighty, the Wise.
‫اسْك َوح َوفاااَّز ِكها َو َوػ َوع َو ٰىَلا َو َّز ايُك ْك ِكُكك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫اَلم ْكِك‬
‫ااْلَوػَوةُكا ۚ ُك‬ ‫اك َوف َوُك ُك‬ ‫ام ايَو َو ُكا َو َو٘مْكَو ُكرا ۗ َو‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫ا٘مْكُك ُكق َو‬
‫َو َورُّ َو َو‬
28:68 Your Lord creates what He pleases and He chooses.
They (i.e., the created) have no choice (in any matter). Glory to
Allah and so elevated is He above the partners they ascribe (to
Him)!
He is the beginner and repeater of creations (Q. 10:34).
‫اّتَّزايُكعِك ُك هُكا ۖ افَوأ َّزٰى‬

‫َوَّنا‬ ‫اّتَّزايُكعِك ُك هُكا ۚ ا ُك ِك اااَّزهُكايػَوْك َو ْك‬
‫ُكااْلَوْك َوق ُك‬ ‫ُكااْلَوْك َوق ُك‬
‫ام ْك ايػَوْك َو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ُك ْك ا َو ْك ام ْك ا ُك َوَوك ئ ُك ْكم َو‬
‫ُكػ ْك فَو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
10:34 Ask (those who join partners with Allah): Is there any
among your partners who originates creation and then repeats
it? Say: It is Allah who originates creation and then repeats it.
Then how do you get misled?
He is the One who guides mankind to the Truth (Q. 10:35).
‫ااْلَو ِّلقا ۚ ا ُك ِك اااَّزهُكايػَو ْكه ِكيااِكْك َوح ِّلقا ۗ ا َوفَو َو ْك ايػَو ْكه ِكياإِك َوَلا‬
‫ام ْك ايػَو ْكه ِكياإِك َوَل ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ُك ْك ا َو ْك ام ْك ا ُك َوَوك ئ ُك ْكم َو‬
‫اكْك َو ا َوْك ُك ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫َوح ُّقا ْكَوفايػُكَّزَو َوعا َّزَوم ْك َواَلايَو ِكه ِّلياإِكَّزَلا ْكَوفايػُك ْكه َو ٰى ا ۖ افَو َو ااَو ُك ْكم َو‬
‫اْلَو ِّلقا َو‬
‫ْك‬
10:35 Ask: Is there any among your partners who guides to
the truth? Say: It is Allah who guides to the truth. Is the one
who guides to the truth more worthy to be followed or the one
who cannot find guidance unless guided? What then is the
matter with you? How do you judge?
Being the Creator, the only God, Allah needs nothing. He is
free of all wants.
‫احِك ٌما‬
‫َوااَّزهُكا َو ِك َو‬
2:263 “…. Allah is free of all wants and Most-Forbearing.”
Allah is incomparable with anything or anyone. Everything is
only His creation. It is His creations people associate with Him
as His partners. People also use idols to represent Him. He
cannot be represented by anything. He is far above human
imagination. He alone can have ego. Ego is the prerogative of
Allah and none else can claim that. Every description of the
attribute of Allah is of the highest order, unmatched, supreme
and unique to Him.
‫تا ِكَو ِك ِك ِكها‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫م ا َو َو ر ااااَّزهاح َّزقا َو ْك ِكرهِكا ْكاْلَورض َوِك‬
ٌ ‫امطْك ِكويَّز‬
‫ات َو‬
‫ضُكهُكايػَو ْكوَوـاااْكقَو َوم ا َواا َّز َو َو ُك‬
‫اَج ًنع ا َوػْك َو‬ ‫َو ْك ُك‬ ‫َو َو ُك َو َو‬
‫اسْك َوح اَوهُكا َو َوػ َوع َو ٰىَلا َو َّز ايُك ْك ِكُكك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ۚ ُك‬
39:67 No just estimate have they made of Allah such as is due
to Him. On the Day of Judgment the whole of the earth will be
but His handful, and the skies will be rolled up in His right
hand. Glory to Him! High is He above the partners they

attribute to Him!
ُّ ‫وفااَوهُكا َواْك َو ًناداا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو َوار‬

‫با‬ ‫ض ِكآتايػَو ْكوَوم ْك ِك ا َو َوْكَت َوعُك َو‬
‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬
‫ياخَو َوق ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ُك ْك ا َوئِكَّز ُك ْكمااَوَو ُك‬
‫ْكفُك َوفا ِك اَّزذ َو‬
‫ااْك َوع اَو ِك َوا‬
41:9 Say: Do you deny the One (Allah) who created the
earth in two Days and (also) invent equals to Him? He is the
Lord of the worlds.
He is the Great (Q. 17:43; 22:62). He is the Truth (Q.
22:6, 62). He is the Exalted (Q. 17:43). He is the Creator of all
things (Q. 67:14; 39:62). He is the Guardian of all things (Q.
39:62). He is the Omniscient (All-Knowing) (Q. 2:115). He is
the Most High (Q. 2:255).
‫ااكِك ًنا‬
‫وفا ُكُك ًّو َو‬
‫ُكسْك َوح اَوهُكا َو َوػ َوع َو ٰىَلا َو َّز ايػَو ُكقواُك َو‬
17:43 Glory to Him! He is high above what they say; the
Exalted, the Great.
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا َو ِكيٌا‬
‫اٗمِك اااْك َو ْكوَو ٰى ا َو َواَّزهُكا َو َو ٰى ُك‬ ‫ٰىَوذاِك َو ا ِكأ َّز‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَوا ُك َوو ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ُّقا َو َواَّزهُك ُكْك‬
22:6 That is so because Allah is the Truth and (because) He
gives life to the dead, and (because) He has power over all
things.
‫َوفاااَّزهَوا ُك َوواااْك َوعِك ُّ اااْك َو ِك ُكا‬
‫اد اِكِكها ُك َوواااْكَو ِكط ُكا َو َّز‬ ‫َوفام اي ْك َو ِك‬
‫وفام ْك ُك‬ ‫ٰىَوذاِك َو ا ِكأ َّز‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَوا ُك َوو ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ُّقا َو َّز َو َو ُك‬
22:62 That is because Allah is the Truth and what they invoke
besides Him is false, and that Allah is the Great.
‫اخَو َوقا َو ُك َوواااَّز ِكط ُك ْك‬
‫ااْلَوِك ُكا‬ ‫ام ْك َو‬
‫َوَوَلايػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬
67:14 Does He, the Creator, not know? He knows the finest
details, well acquainted with everything.
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا َوكِك ٌا‬
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا ۖ ا َو ُك َووا َو َو ٰى ُك‬
‫اخ اِك ُكق ُك‬
‫ااَّزهُك َو‬
39:62 Allah is the Creator of all things and He is the Guardian

of all things.
‫با ۚ افَوأَويْكػَو َو ا ُكػ َوواُّواافَوػثَو َّزما َو ْكجهُكاااَّز ِكها ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ِكاس ٌعا َو ِك ٌما‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫َو اَّزهاااْك َو ْك ِك ُكؽا َوااْك َو ْكغ ِك ُك‬
2:115 To Allah belong the east and the west. Wherever you
turn, you will find the face of Allah. Indeed Allah is All-
Pervading, All-Knowing.
‫اتا َو َوم ِكآتا‬ ‫اسَو ٌا َوَلااػَووـا ۚ ااَوهام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااَّزهُك َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َوو ْك‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫وـا ۚ َواَلا َوأْك ُكخ ُكذهُك َو ْك ٌ ُك َو‬ ‫ااْلَو ُّ اااْك َوقُّ ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِكِك ِكِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ا ػَو ْك َو ا َويْك ِكيه ْكما َو َوم َو‬
‫اخ ْك َوف ُكه ْكما ۖ ا َوَوَلا‬ ‫ام ْك اذَوااااَّزذيايَو ْك َوف ُكعا ْك َو هُكاإَّزَلا إ ْكذاها ۚ ايػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬ ‫ضا ۗ َو‬ ‫ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫وفا ِك َو ٍء ِكام ا ِك ْك ِك ِكهاإِكَّزَل ِكاِبَو ا َو ا ۚ ا ِكسع ُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضا ۖ ا َوَوَلايػَوئُك ُك‬
‫ودهُكا‬ ‫اك ْكسُّهُكااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫َو َو َو‬ ‫ُكٗم طُك َو ْك ْك‬
‫ِكح ْكفظُك ُكه َو ا ۚ ا َو ُك َوواااْك َوعِك ُّ اااْك َوع ِكظ ُكام‬
2:255 Allah. There is no God but He, the Living, All-
Governing. Neither drowsiness nor slumber seizes Him. To
Him belong all things in the skies and the earth. Who can
intercede with Him without His permission? He knows what is
before them and what is behind them. They will not get
anything from His knowledge except what He wills. His
Throne extends over the skies and the earth and their protection
is no burden to Him. And He is the Most High, the Supreme.
He is the Strong (Q. 42:19). He is the true King (Q.
23:116). He is the Evident (Q. 57:3). He is the Immanent (Q.
57:3).
‫ياااْك َوع ِكيُكا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ااَّزهُكااَوط ٌ ا عَو دهايػَوْك ُكز ُكؽ َو‬
ُّ ‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا ۖ ا َو ُك َوواااْك َوق ِكو‬
42:19 Allah is gracious to His servants. He gives sustenance
to whom He pleases. And He is the Strong, the Mighty.
‫فَوػَوػ َوع َوَلاااَّزهُكاااْك َو ِك ُك ْك‬
ُّ ‫ااْلَو ُّقا ۖ َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َوو َوار‬
‫باااْك َوع ْك ِكشاااْك َو ِك ِكا‬
23:116 Therefore exalted is Allah, the true King. There is no
God but He, the Lord of the Throne of Honour!
‫ااْلَوَّز ُكؿا َو ْكاْل ِكخُك ا َوااظَّز ِك ُك ا َوااْكَو ِكط ُك ا ۖ ا َو ُك َووا ِك ُك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا َو ِك ٌما‬
‫ُك َوو ْك‬
57:3 He is the First, the Last, the Evident and the Immanent.
And He has full knowledge of everything.
He is the Beneficent (Q. 59:22). He is the knower of the
hidden and the manifest (Q. 59:22). He is the Merciful (Q.
2:163 quoted above). He is the Wise (Q. 3:6). He is the
Omnipotent (Q. 3:6). He is the Bountiful (Q. 40:3). He is
worthy of all praise (Q. 2:267).
‫َّزه َودةِكا ۖ ا ُك َوواااَّز ْك ٰىَو ُك اااَّز ِكح ُكما‬ ‫ياَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك وا ۖ ا َو ِكَلاااْكغَوْك ِك‬
‫با َواا َو‬ ‫ُك َوواااَّزهُكاااَّز ِكذ َو‬
‫ُك‬ ‫َو‬
59:22 He is Allah. There is no God but He, knower of the
hidden (i.e., intangible to man) and the manifest. He is the
Beneficent, the Merciful.
‫ااْلَو ِك ُكما‬
‫اكْك َو ايَو َو ُكا ۚ َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َوواااْك َوع ِكيُك ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور َوح ِكـ َو‬
‫ل ِّلوُكرُكك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ُك َوواااَّزذيايُك َو‬
3:6 It is He who shapes you in the wombs as He likes.
There is no God but He – the Mighty, the Wise.
‫ب ِك‬
‫اذياااطَّزوِكؿا ۖ َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهاإِكَّزَلا وا ۖ اإِكاَو ِكهاااْك ِك‬ ‫با َو ِكي ِكاااْكعِك َوق ِك‬ ‫ِك َّز ِك‬
‫با َو ِك ِك اااػَّزو ِك‬
‫ل ُكا‬ ‫َو ُك َو ْك َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َو ف ِك اااذاْك َو‬
40:3 Forgiver of sin and Accepter of repentance, Strict in
Punishment, the Bountiful. There is no God but He. To Him is
the destination.
‫َوخَو ْكجَو ااَو ُك ْكم ِكام َو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضا ۖ ا َوَوَلا‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫اك َو ْكُك ْكما َوِمَّز ا ْك‬
‫ام َو‬‫اآمُكواا َواْكف ُكقواام ْك اطَوِّلَو ت َو‬ ‫يَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫ضواافِك ِكها ۚ ا َوا ْك َو ُك واا َّز‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَوا َو ِك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫وفا َو اَو ْك ُك ْكما ِكآخذيهاإِكَّزَلا ْكَوفا ػُك ْكغ ُك‬‫ث ِكامْكهُكا ػُكْك ِكف ُكق َو‬
‫اااْلَوِك َو‬
‫َوػَو َّز ُك و ْك‬
‫َوِك ٌا‬
2:267 O believers! Spend the good things from what you have
earned and from what We have produced for you from the
earth (i.e., crop produce). Do not set aside the bad things for
spending (in charity) which you yourself will not receive
except with closed eyes. And know that Allah is free of all
wants and worthy of all praise.
He is the Sovereign (Q. 59:23). He is the Holy One (Q.
59:23). He is the Irresistible (Q. 59:23). He is the Supreme (Q.
59:23). He is the Source of Peace (Q. 59:23). He is the

Guardian of Faith (Q. 59:23). He is the Preserver of Safety (Q.
59:23). He is the Light of the skies and the earth (Q. 24:35).
‫سااا َّز َوَل ُكـاااْك ُك ْك ِكم ُك اااْك ُك َوهْك ِك ُك اااْك َوع ِكيُك ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ُك واااَّزهُكاااَّز ِكذ َو ِكٰى ِكَّز‬
‫ااْلَوَّز ُكرا‬ ‫ياَلاإاَوهَواإَلا ُك َوواااْك َو ُك اااْك ُكق ُّ ُك‬ ‫َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬
‫اسْك َوح َوفااا ها َو َّز ايُك ْك ُكك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ۚ
‫ااْك ُك َو َو ِّلػُك ا ُك‬
59:23 He is Allah. There is no God but He, the Sovereign, the
Holy One, the Source of Peace (and Perfection), the Guardian
of Faith, the Preserver of Safety, the Exalted in Might, the
Irresistible, the Supreme. Glory to Allah. (High is He) above
the partners they attribute to Him.
‫لَو ُكح ِكآت ُكاز َوج َوج ٍءا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ورهِك َو ِك ٍء ِك ِك‬ ‫امثَو ااُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااَّزهُكااُك ُك‬
‫لَو ٌحا ۖ اااْك ْك‬ ‫اك ْك َو ةاف َوه ام ْك‬ ۚ ‫ِك‬
‫ورااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَورضا َو ُك‬
‫امَو َورَوك ٍء َوازيْكػُكواَوٍء َواَلا َو ْك ِكَّز ٍءا َوَوَلا َو ْك ِكَّز ٍءايَو َو ُكدا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اد ِّلريايُكوَو ُك ام ْك ا َو َوجَوةٍء ُك‬
‫ب ُك‬ ٌ ‫اك ْكوَوك‬ ‫ۖ اااُّ َوج َوج ُك َو‬
‫اكأَوا َوػَّزه َو‬
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا ۚ ا‬ ‫ورهِك َو‬‫ورا ۗ ايػَو ْكه ِكياااَّزهُكااِكُك ِك‬ ‫ورا َو َو ٰى ااُك ٍء‬ٌ ‫اَلْك َواَتْك َو ْك هُكااَو ٌرا ۚ ااُك‬
‫ض ُكا َو اَو ْكو َو‬ ‫زيػُكػه اي ِك‬
‫َو ْك َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْل ْكَومثَو َوؿاا َّز ِكسا ۗ ا َوااَّزهُكا ِك ُك ِّلا َو ْك ا َو ٌام‬ ‫باااَّزهُك ْك‬ ‫ض ِك ُك‬‫َو يَو ْك‬
24:35 Allah is the Light of the skies and the earth. The
similitude of His Light is a niche with lamp. The lamp is
enclosed in glass. The glass is like a glittering star; (the lamp)
is lit from a blessed tree, an Olive tree of neither the east nor
the west, whose oil is luminous even without being lit. Light
upon Light! Allah guides to His Light whom He pleases. And
Allah explains (with the help of) analogies for the mankind.
And Allah knows all things.
He is the Lord of the Throne of Honour (Q. 23:116
quoted above). He is the Lord of the Throne of Glory (Q.
85:15). He is the Lord of the Supreme Throne (Q. 9:129). His
Throne extends over the skies and the earth (Q. 2:255 quoted
above). He is God in the skies and in earth (Q. 6:3). He is the
Lord of the skies and the earth (Q. 13:16). He is the Lord of
Shi‟ra (Q. 53:49).
‫ذُك اااْك َوع ْك ِكشاااْك َو ِكج ُكا‬
85:15 Lord of the Throne of Glory.

‫باااْك َوع ْك ِكشاااْك َوع ِكظ ِكما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬
‫ِباااَّزهُك َواَلاإِكاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َووا ۖ ا َو َوْكها َوػ َووَّزك ْك ُك‬
ُّ ‫تا ۖ ا َو ُك َوو َوار‬ ‫فَوِكإ ْكفا َوػ َوواَّزْكواافَوػ ُكق ْك َو ِك‬
‫اح ْك َو‬
9:129 But if they turn away, (O Muhammad) say: Allah is
sufficient for me. There is no God but He. On Him do I place
my trust and He is the Lord of the Supreme Throne.”
‫ام ا َو ْك ِك ُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫واااَّزه ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬

‫اتا َوِكٓت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ضا ۖ ايػَو ْكعَو ُكماسَّزُكك ْكما َو َوج ْكهَوُكك ْكما َو يػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو ُك َو ُك‬
6:3 And He is Allah (the God) in the skies and in earth. He
knows your secrets and what you reveal and He knows what
you earn (by your deeds).
‫وفا‬‫مْكِك ُك َو‬ٙ‫اد اِكِكها َوْك اِكَو َو َواَل َوا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضا ُك ِك اااَّزهُكا ۚ ا ُك ْك ا َوفَو َّزَّتَو ْكذ ُكْكُتام ْك ُك‬ ‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫بااا َّز ِك‬
‫ام ْك َوار ُّ َو َو‬ ‫ُك ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫تا‬ ‫يااْلَو ْك َو ٰى ا َوااْكَول ُكا ْكَوـا َو ْك ا َو ْك َو ِكوياااظُُّك َو ُك‬ ‫اضًّاا ۚ ا ُك ْك ا َو ْك ايَو ْك َو ِكو ْك‬ ‫ْلَواْكػ ُكف ِكه ْكمااػَو ْكف ًنع ا َوَوَل َو‬
‫اخ اِك ُكق ُك‬
‫اك ِّلا‬ ‫ااك َوخ ْك ِكق ِكهافَوػَو َو َوهَو ْك‬
‫ااْلَوْك ُكقا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما ۚ ا ُك ِك اااَّزهُك َو‬ ‫اخَو ُكقو َو‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اج َوعُكواااَّزها ُك َوَوك َو َو‬ ‫ُّورا ۗ ا ْكَوـ َو‬
‫َواا ُك‬
‫َو ٍء ا واااْكو ِك‬
‫اح ُك اااْك َوق َّزه ُكار‬ ‫ْك َو ُك َو َو‬
13:16 (O Prophet Muhammad) ask: Who is the Lord of the
skies and the earth? Say: (It is) Allah. Ask: Do you then take,
besides Him, protectors that have no power to do good or harm
to themselves? Ask: Is the blind equal to the one with eyesight?
Or is the darkness equal to light? Or do they invent for Allah
partners who created (things) as He created and then they
found the creation indistinguishable (i.e., similar to what Allah
created)? Say: Allah is the Creator of all things. He is the One,
the Supreme and Irresistible.
‫ِّلعَو ٰىا‬
‫بااا ْك‬
ُّ ‫َو َواَّزهُكا ُك َوو َوار‬
53:49 That He is the Lord of Sirius (the mighty star).
(Note: Shi‟ra is the Sirius star, which was worshipped by some
early Arabs. It is the brightest star in the Earth‟s sky because of
its luminosity and proximity to Earth)
He has ordained on Himself the mercy (Q. 6:12). He is

the Most-Forbearing (Q. 2:263 quoted above). Every creature
in the skies and earth asks Him for its sustenance (Q. 55:29).
He feeds (all) and He is not fed (Q. 6:14). On Allah depends
everything (Q. 112:2 quoted above).
‫با َو َو ٰى ااػَو ْكف ِك ِكهاااَّز ْك َو َوا ۚ ااَوَو ْكج َو َوعَّز ُك ْكما‬ ‫اكَو َو‬ ‫ضا ۖ ا ُك ْك ااِكَّز ِكها ۚ َو‬ ‫ُك ااِك ام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫ْك َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اخ ُك اا َواْكػ ُكف َو ُكه ْكمافَوػ ُكه ْكم َواَلايػُك ْك مُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫باف ها ۚ اااَّزذي َو َو‬ ‫إ َو ٰىَلايػَو ْكوـاااْكقَو َوم َواَل َواريْك َو‬
6:12 Ask: To whom belong all that is in the skies and the
earth? Say: To Allah. He has ordained on Himself the mercy.
There is no doubt that He will gather you all for the Day of
Judgement. Those who have lost their souls, they will not
believe.
‫اك َّزايػَو ْكوٍءـا ُك َوو ِكآتا َو أْك ٍءفا‬
‫ضا ۚ ُك‬ ‫ي أَواُكهام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو ْك ُك َو ْك‬
55:29 Every creature in the skies and earth asks Him (for its
sustenance). Every day He is in some matter.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ُك ا َو َو ػ اااَّز ِكها َوَّزِكَّت ُكذا اِكًّ افَو ِكط ِك ااا َّز ِك‬
‫ضا َو ُك َووايُكطْكع ُكما َوَوَلايُكطْك َوع ُكما ۗ ا ُك ْك اإِك ِّلِّنا ُكم ْك ُك‬
‫تا‬ ‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْك ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوسَو َوما ۖ ا َوَوَلا َو ُك واَو َّز ام َو اااْك ُك ْك ِكك َوا‬
‫ام ْك ا ْك‬
‫وفا َوَّز َوؿ َو‬ ‫َوك َو‬ ‫ْكَوفا ُك‬
6:14 Ask: Should I take for my protector any other than
Allah, the creator of the skies and the earth? He feeds (all) and
He is not fed. Say: I am indeed commanded to be the first of
those who submit to Allah (in Islam) and I should not be
among those who join gods with Allah.
Allah‟s Word is truth (Q. 4:87). Allah‟s promise is truth
(Q. 4:122). Whose Word can be truer than Allah‟s? (Q. 4:122).
Allah never breaks His promise (Q. 30:6). Allah‟s Word is
fulfilled in truth and justice (Q. 6:115). None can change His
Words (Q. 6:115).
‫َوص َو ُكؽ ِكام َو اااَّز ِكها‬ ‫ااَّزه َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهاإِكَّزَلا وا ۚ ااَو ج عَّز ُك ماإِك َو ٰىَلايػوِكـاااْك ِكق م ِك َواَلاري ِك ِك‬
‫باف ها ۗ ا َو َوم ْك ا ْك‬‫ُك َو ُك َو َو ْك َو َو ْك َو ْك َو َو َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوح يثًن‬
4:87 Allah. There is no God but He. Indeed He will gather

you together on the Day of Judgment; there is no doubt about
that. And whose word can be truer than Allah‟s?
‫اخ اِك ِكي َو افِك َوه ا‬ ‫يام ْك ا َوْكِك َوه ْك‬
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوه ُكر َو‬
‫اَت ِك ِك‬
‫ت َوْك‬ ‫تاسُك ْك ِكخُكهماجَّز ٍء‬
‫اااال ْلَو َو ُك ْك َو‬
‫ااَّز ِكذي اآمُكواا ِك ُكو َّز ِك ِك‬
‫َو َو َو َو َو‬
‫َوص َو ُكؽ ِكام َو اااَّز ِكها ِك ًنا‬
‫َل‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوَو ًن اا ۖ ا َو ْك َو اااَّزه َو‬
‫اح ًّق ا ۚ ا َو َوم ْك ا ْك‬
4:122 But those who believe and do good deeds, we shall
admit them to Gardens with rivers flowing beneath to dwell
therein forever. Allah‟s promise is truth. And whose word can
be truer than Allah‟s?
‫ا٘مْكِك ُك اااَّزهُكا َو ْك َو هُكا َو ٰىاَو ِك َّز ا ْك‬

‫َوكثَوػَو اااَّز ِكس َواَلايػَو ْكعَو ُك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫َو ْك َو اااَّز ِكها ۖ َواَل ُك‬
30:6 (It is) the promise of Allah. Allah never breaks His
promise but most people do not know (that).
‫ِّلؿااِك َو ِك َو ِكِكها ۚ ا َو ُك َووااا َّز ِك ُكعاااْك َوعِك ُكما‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ت َوارِّل َو اص ْك ًن ا َو َو ْك ًنَلا ۚ َواَل ُك‬
‫امَو َو‬ ‫َوَتَّزت َو ِك‬
‫اك َو ُك‬ ‫َو ْك‬
6:115 The Word of your Lord is fulfilled in truth and in
justice. None can change His Words. He hears and knows
everything.
Allah bears witness that there is no God but He, and so
do the angels and the erudite (Q. 3:18). Allah is firm on justice
(Q. 3:18). Allah decrees. There is none to delay His verdict (Q.
13:41). Allah is hard plotter (Q. 13:13).
‫َو ِكه َو اااَّزهُكا َواَّزهُك َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َووا َوااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ُكا َو ُك اُكواااْكعِكْك ِكما َو ئِك ًن ا ِك اْك ِكق ْك ِكطا ۚ َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َوواااْك َوع ِكيُك ا‬
‫اْلَو ِك ُكام‬
‫ْك‬
3:18 (As the One) standing firm on justice, Allah bears
witness that there is no God but He and (so do) the angels and
the erudite. There is no God but He – the Mighty, the Wise.
‫اٗم ُك م َواَلامعقِّلب ِك‬
‫اْلُك ْك ِك ِكها ۚ ا َو ُك َووا‬ ‫ِك ۚ َّز‬ ‫ااْلَورضااػَوْكػ ُكق ِك‬
‫َوَو َوَلْكايػَوَو ْك اا َواَّز ااَوأْكِكِت ْك ْك َو ُك‬
‫ل َوه ام ْك ا َوطْكَواف َوه ا ا َواا هُك َوْك ُك ُك َو َو‬
‫ااْلِك َو ِكا‬
‫ب‬ ‫يع ْك‬ ‫َوس ِك ُك‬
13:41 Do they not see that We certainly shrink the earth from
its boundaries? Allah decrees. There is none to delay His
verdict. And He is swift in calling to account.
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا َو ُك ْكما‬ ‫ل ِك‬ ‫اخ َوفِك ِكها يػ ِكس َّز ِك ِك‬ ‫ي ِّلحاااَّز ُك ِكاِب ِكهِكا ااْك َوَلئِك َو ُك ِكام ِك‬
‫باِبَو َو‬
‫ااال َووا َوقافَوػُك ُك‬ ‫َو ُكْك ُك‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َو ُك َو ُك ْك َو ْك َو َو‬
‫وف ِكآتاااَّز ِكها َو ُك َووا َو ِكي ُك اااْك ِك َوح ِكاؿ‬
‫ُكٖمَو ِكداُك َو‬
13:13 Thunder extols His praises and so do the angels with
fear of Him. He sends thunderbolts and He strikes with it
whomsoever He intends. Yet they (i.e., nonbelievers) dispute
about Allah. And He is a hard plotter.
Allah is Forgiver of sin (5:98; 15:49-50; 40:3 quoted
above). Allah is Acceptor of repentance (40:3 quoted above).
Allah is strict in punishment (5:98; 8:25; 15:49-50). Allah‟s
punishment is very severe (Q. 85:12).
‫ور َوارِكح ٌما‬ ‫َوفاااَّزهَوا َو ِكي ُك اااْكعِك َوق ِك‬
ٌ ‫َوفاااَّزهَوا َو ُكف‬
‫با َو َّز‬ ‫ا ْك َو ُك واا َّز‬
5:98 Know that Allah is indeed strict in punishment and
Allah is certainly Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
‫َوفاااَّزهَوا َو ِكي ُك اااْكعِك َوق ِك‬
‫با‬ ‫ص ًنا ۖ ا َوا ْك َو ُك واا َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ل َّز ِك‬
‫َباااَّزذي َو اظَوَو ُك واامْك ُك ْكم َو‬
‫اخ َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوا ػ ُكَّزقواافْكػَو ًن َواَلا ُك َو‬
8:25 And fear a trial, which will affect not those who do wrong
among you alone and know that Allah is strict in punishment.
‫إِك َّزفا َوطْك َو َوارِّل َو ااَو َو ِكي ٌا‬
85:12 Truly the grip (i.e., punishment) of your Lord is very
strong.
‫ااْلَواِك ُكماا‬ ‫وراااَّز ِكح ُكما َو َّز‬
‫َوفا َو َوذ ِكاِبا ُك َوواااْك َوع َوذ ُك‬
‫اب ْك‬ ‫اػَوِّل ْكئا ِكَو ِكديا ِّل‬
‫َوِّنا َواَو اااْكغَو ُكف ُك‬
15:49-50 Inform My servants that I am indeed the Most
Forgiving, Most Merciful; and certainly My punishment is the
most painful punishment.
‫اام ْك َوار ْك َوِكاااَّز ِكها ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوايػَو ْكغ ِكفُك ا‬

‫ُك اي ا ِك ِكدياااَّز ِكذي ا َوس فُكواا َو ا َواْكػ ُكف ِك ِكهم َواَلا َوػ ْكقَوطُكو ِك‬
‫ْك‬ ‫ْك َو َو َو َو ْك َو َو ٰى‬
‫وراااَّز ِكح ُكام‬ ‫ااذاُكوب َوِك ۚ ِك‬
‫اَج ًنع ا اإاَّزهُكا ُك َوواااْكغَو ُكف ُك‬ ‫ُّ َو‬
39:53 Say: O My servants who have transgressed against
themselves! Do not despair about the mercy of Allah, for Allah
forgives all sins. Indeed He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
It may be noted that the statement “Allah forgives all sins”

given in verse 39:53 refers to all sins except shirk (i.e., joining
partners with Him) as indicated in verses 4:48 and 4:116.
‫اد َوفا ٰىَوذاِك َو ااِك َو ْك ايَو َو ُكا ۚ ا َو َوم ْك ايُك ْك ِك ْكؾا ِك اَّز ِكهافَوػ َوق ِكا‬ ‫ِكِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫إ َّزفاااَّزهَو َواَلايػَو ْكغفُك ا ْكَوفايُك ْك َو َوؾا ها َو يػَو ْكغفُك َو‬
‫ام ُك‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫افْكػَوػَو ٰى اإ ْكْثًن ا َوظ ًن‬
4:48 Verily Allah will not forgive joining partners with Him,
but He forgives anything else to whom He pleases. Whoever
ascribes partners to Allah, has indeed fabricated a dreadful sin.
‫اد َوفا ٰىَوذاِك َو ااِك َو ْك ايَو َو ُكا ۚ ا َو َوم ْك ايُك ْك ِك ْكؾا ِك اَّز ِكهافَوػ َوق ْك ا‬ ‫ِكِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫إ َّزفاااَّزهَو َواَلايػَو ْكغفُك ا ْكَوفايُك ْك َو َوؾا ها َو يػَو ْكغفُك َو‬
‫ام ُك‬
‫اض َوَلًنَلا َوعِك ًن ا‬ ‫ض َّز َو‬ ‫َو‬
4:116 Allah does not forgive (the sin of) joining other gods
with Him. But He forgives (all sins) besides that to whom He
pleases. One who joins other gods with Allah has strayed far
away.
After creating the universe, Allah is seated on the
Throne (of authority) regulating and governing all things (Q.
10:3). He governs everything (Q. 3:2). The sun, the moon and
the stars (all) obey His commands (Q. 7:54). Allah directs what
He intends (Q. 5:1). He does what He intends (Q. 85:15-16).
Protection of the universe is no burden to Him (Q. 2:255
quoted above). Neither drowsiness nor slumber seizes Him (Q.
2:255 quoted above). He is engaged in governance all days (Q.
55:29 quoted above).
‫اسَّز ِكا َويَّز ٍءـ ُك‬

‫اتا ْكاْلَورض ِكآت ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااسَوػ َوو ٰى ا َو َو اااْك َوع ْك ِكشا ۖ ا‬
‫اّتَّز ْك‬ ‫ياخَو َوقااا َّز َو َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫إِك َّزف َوارَّز ُك ُكماااَّزهُكاااَّزذ َو‬
‫ام ِكام ْك ا َو ِكف ٍءعاإِكَّزَل ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِكاإِك ْكذاِكِكها ۚ ا ٰىذَواِك ُك ُكماااَّزهُك َوارُّ ُك ْكمافَو ْك ُك ُك هُكا ۚ ا َوفَو َوَلا‬‫ااْل ْكَومَو ا ۖ َو‬‫يُك َو ػِّلُك ْك‬
‫َو َوذ َّزكُك َواف‬
10:3 Verily your Lord is Allah who created the skies and the
earth in six days and is firmly established on the Throne (of
authority) regulating and governing all things. No intercessor
(can plead with Him) without His permission. This is Allah,
your Lord. Therefore you serve (or worship) Him. Will you not
then think over?
‫وـا‬ ‫ااَّزهُك َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َوو ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ُّ اااْك َوقُّ ُك‬
3:2 Allah. There is no God but He – the Living, All-
Governing.
‫ااسَوػ َوو ٰى ا َو َو اااْك َوع ْك ِكشايػُك ْكغ ِك ا‬ ‫اسَّز ِكا َويَّز ٍءـ ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اتا ْكاْلَورض ِكآت ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااَّز اااػَّزه رايطْكُك هاحثِك ث ا اا َّز سا ااْك َوق ا ااُّجوـام َّزخ ٍء‬
‫اتا ِكأ ْكَوم ِكهِكا ۗ ا َوَوَلااَوهُك ْك‬
‫ااْلَوْك ُكقا‬ ‫ْك َو َو َو َو ُك ُك َو ًن َو ْك َو َو َو َو َو ُك َو ُك َو َو‬
‫باااْك َوع اَو ِك َوا‬
ُّ ‫َو ْكاْل ْكَومُك ا ۗ ا َوػَو َورَوؾاااَّزهُك َوار‬
7:54 Your Lord is Allah who created the skies and the earth
in six days, and then was seated on the Throne (of authority).
He draws the night as veil over the day each seeking the other
in rapid succession. He created the sun, the moon and the stars
(all) obeying His command. Are not the creation and command
His? Blessed be Allah, Lord of the worlds!
‫اِبِك ُك ْك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوع ـاإَّزَل َو‬
‫ام ايػُكْكػَو ٰى ا َو َوْك ُك ْكما َوْكػَو ا‬ ‫تااَو ُك ْكم َو َو‬ ‫اآمُكواا َوْك فُكواا ِك اْك ُكع ُكقودا ۚ ا ُكحَّز ْك‬
‫يَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫ُكِكُمِّل َّز ِك‬
‫ام ايُكِكي ُكا‬ ‫احُك ٌـا ۗ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَو َوْك‬
‫اٗم ُك ُكم َو‬ ‫ااالْك ا َو َواْكػُك ْكم ُك‬
5:1 O believers! You fulfill agreements. Lawful to you (for
food) are animals with the exceptions mentioned to you. But
hunting is forbidden while you are in sacred pilgrimage (hajj or
umrah). Verily Allah directs what He intends.
‫ذُك اااْك َوع ْك ِكشاااْك َو ِكج ُك افَوػ َّزع ٌؿااِك َو ايُكِكي ُك اا‬
85:15-16 Lord of the Throne of Glory, One who does what He

intends.
He gives life and also takes it away (Q. 9:116). He
gives life to the dead (Q. 22:6 quoted above). All affairs go
back to Allah (for decision) (Q. 3:109). With Allah is the
decision (Q. 28:70). Enough is Allah to shoulder every burden
(Q. 4:132). The power of judgement rests with Him (Q. 6:62).
He is swift in taking account (Q. 6:62).
ٍّ ‫اد ِكفاااَّز ِكه ِكام ْك ا َوِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫إِك َّزفاااَّزهااَوهام ْك ااا َّز ِك‬
‫ِلا‬ ‫م ُك‬ٙ‫اٗمِك ا َو ُك‬
‫تا ۚ ا َو َوم ااَو ُك ْكمام ْك ُك‬ ‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ضا ۖ ُكْك‬ ‫َو ُك ُك ُك َو َو‬
‫َوَلااَو ِك‬
‫ل ٍءا‬ ‫َو‬
9:116 Indeed to Allah belongs the dominion of the skies and
the earth. He gives life and He takes it. You have no protector
or helper besides Allah.
‫ورا‬ ‫ضا ۚ ا َو إِك َوَلاااَّز ِكها ُكػ ْك َوج ُكع ْك‬ ‫اِكَّز ِكهام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫اتا َو َوم ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ُكُكم ُك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
3:109 To Allah belong all that is in the skies and earth, and all
affairs go back to Allah (for decision).
‫ْكما َو إِكاَوْك ِكها ػُك ْك َوج ُكع َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫ااْلُك َو ٰىَلا َو ْكاْل ِكخَوةِكا ۖ ا َو اَوهُك ْك‬
‫ااْلُك ُك‬ ‫َو ُك َوواااَّزهُك َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َووا ۖ ااَوهُك ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ْك ُك ِكآت ْك‬
28:70 And He is Allah. There is no God but He. To Him is the
praise in the first (i.e., this world) and the last (i.e., Hereafter).
With Him is the decision and to Him you (all) will be returned.
‫ضا ۚ ا َو َوك َوف ٰى ا ِك اَّز ِكها َوكِك ًنَلا‬ ‫اِكَّز ِكهام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
4:132 To Allah belong all things in the skies and earth, and
enough is Allah to shoulder all burden.
‫ااْلَو ِكسِك َوا‬
‫ع ْك‬ ‫َوسَو ُك‬
‫ْكما َو ُك َووا ْك‬ ‫ااْلَو ِّلقا ۚ ا َوَوَلااَوهُك ْك‬
‫ااْلُك ُك‬ ‫ام ْكوَوَل ُك ُكم ْك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ُكّتَّز ُكارُّد ااإ َوَلاااَّزه َو‬
6:62 Then they were returned to Allah, their real protector.
The power of judgement rests with Him. And He is the swiftest
in taking account.
To Allah belong the East and the West (Q. 2:115

quoted above). Allah is the Lord of the East and the West (Q.
73:9). He is the Lord of the two Easts and the Lord of the two
Wests (Q. 37:4-5; 55:17). Allah is the Lord of the skies and the
earth and all in between (Q. 37:4-5).
‫ب َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َووافَو َّزِكَّت ْكذهُكا َوكِك ًنَلا‬
‫باااْك ْك ِك ِكؽا ااْك ْكغ ِك ِك‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫َور ُّ َو‬
73:9 (He is) the Lord of the East and the West. There is no
God but He. Therefore take Him as your guardian.
‫باااْك َو َو ِكرِكؽاا‬ ‫بااا َّز ِك‬

‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ٰى‬
ُّ ‫ضا َو َوم ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه َو ا َو َور‬ ‫إ َّزفاإ َوَلَو ُك ْكمااَوَوواح ٌ َوار ُّ َو َو‬
37:4-5 Verily, your God is one, Lord of the skies and the earth
and all between them, and Lord of the Easts.
‫باااْك َو ْكغ ِكػَو ْك ِكا‬
ُّ ‫باااْك َو ْك ِكَوػ ْك ِك ا َو َور‬
ُّ ‫َور‬
55:17 (He is) Lord of the two Easts and Lord of the two
Wests.
To Him belong all things in the skies and the earth (Q.
2:255 quoted above). To Him belong what is in the skies and in
the earth, and all between them, and all that is beneath the soil
(Q. 20:6). To Him belong all that dwell (or lurks) in the night
and the day (Q. 6:13). To Him belongs the dominion of the
skies and the earth (Q. 3:189). To Him belongs the mystery of
the skies and the earth (Q. 16:77). To Him belong the armies of
the skies and the earth (Q. 48:7). To Him belongs the loftiest
description in the skies and in the earth (Q. 30:27). To Him
belong this world and the Hereafter (Q. 92:13).
‫تاااثػَّزَو ٰىا‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫اَوهام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫ضا َو َوم ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه َو ا َو َوم ا َوْك َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫ُك َو‬
20:6 To Him belong what is in the skies and in the earth, and
all between them, and all that is beneath the soil.
‫َّزه ِكرا ۚ ا َو ُك َووااا َّز ِك ُكعاااْك َوعِك ُكما‬

‫اس َو َو ِكآتاااَّزْك ِك ا َواا ػ َو‬
‫ام َو‬
‫َو اَوهُك َو‬
6:13 To Him belong all that dwell (or lurks) in the night and
the day. And He hears and knows all things.
‫ضا ۗ ا َوااَّزهُكا َو َو ٰى ُك‬ ‫اِكَّز ِكهام ْك ااا َّز ِك‬
‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو ُك ُك َو َو‬
3:189 To Allah belongs the dominion of the skies and the
earth. And Allah has power over all things.
‫با ۚ اإِك َّزفا‬ ‫ضا ۚ ا َو َوم ا ْكَومُك ااا َّز َو ِكاإِكَّزَل َو‬ ‫اِكَّز ِكها َو بااا َّز ِك‬
‫ل ِك ا َوْك ا ُك َووا َوْكػَو ُك‬
‫اكَو ْك ِكحاااْكَو َو‬ ‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو ْك ُك َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ا َو يٌا‬‫ااَّزهَوا َو َو ٰى ُك‬
16:77 To Allah belongs the mystery of the skies and the earth.
And the (Final) Hour (Day of Judgment) is like the twinkling
of an eye or even quicker. Verily, Allah has power over all
things.
‫ضا ۚ ا َوك َوفاااَّزها ِكي ِك‬ ‫اِكَّز ِكهاجُكودااا َّز ِك‬
‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ااح ًن‬
‫ُك َو ًن َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو ُك ُك َو َو‬
48:7 And to Allah belong the armies of the skies and the
earth. And Allah is Mighty, Wise.
‫ااْلَو َو ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ُكااْل ْكق ُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اتا‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫اّتَّزايُكع ُك هُكا َو ُك َووا َو ْك َوو ُكفا َو َوْكها ۚ ا َو اَوهُكاااْك َو ثَو ُك ْك ْك ٰى‬ ‫َو ُك َوواااَّزذيايػَوْك َو ْكَو َو‬
‫ضا ۚ ا َو ُك َوواااْك َوع ِكيُك ْك‬‫َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬
30:27 It is He who begins creation, then repeats it; and for
Him it is most easy. To Him belongs the loftiest description in
the skies and in the earth. And He is Mighty, Wise.
‫َو إِك َّزفااَوَو ااَو ْك ِكخَوَوةا َو ْكاْلُك َو ٰىَلا‬
92:13 And truly, to Us (belong) the Hereafter and this world.
Allah is the source of knowledge. None will get
anything from His knowledge except what He wills (Q. 2:255
quoted above). He is the knower of subtleties (Q. 6:103). He is
well acquainted with all things (Q. 6:103). He knows the finest
details (Q. 67:14 quoted above). Allah never errs or forgets (Q.
20:52). Allah knows deception by human eyes and what the
human memories conceal (Q. 40:19). Nothing in the earth or in
the skies is hidden from Allah (Q. 3:5). Allah hears and sees
(all things) (Q. 4:134).
‫ل َورا ۖ ا َو ُك َوواااَّز ِكط ُك ْك‬
‫ااْلَوِك ُكا‬ ‫ل ُكرا َو ُك َووايُك ْك ِكرُكؾ ْك‬
‫ااْلَوْك َو‬ ‫َوَلا ُك ْك ِكرُككهُك ْك‬
‫ااْلَوْك َو‬
6:103 The eyes cannot find Him but He finds all eyes and He
is the knower of subtleties, well acquainted with all things.
‫ِك‬ ۖ ‫ِك ِك ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َوؿا ْك ُك َوه ا ْك َو َوارِّلِبآتاكَو با َواَلايَوض ُّ َوارِّلِبا َوَوَلايػَوْك َو‬
20:52 Moses replied: That knowledge is with my Lord in a
Record. My Lord never errs or forgets.
ُّ ‫اَّتْك ِكف‬
‫ااال ُك ُكرا‬ ‫اخ ئِكَو َو ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ْك ُك ِك ا َو َوم ُك‬ ‫يػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬
40:19 He (i.e., Allah) knows deception by eyes and what the
(human) memories conceal.
‫ضا َوَوَل ِكآتااا َّز َو ِكا‬ ‫ا٘مْك َوف ٰى ا َو َوْك ِكها َو ْك ٌ ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫إِك َّزفاااَّزهَو َواَل َو‬
3:5 Verily, nothing in the earth or in the skies is hidden from
Allah.
‫ِك‬
‫اْس ع ا ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ل ًنا‬ ‫ابااا ُّ اْكػَو ا َو ْكاْلخَوةِكا ۚ ا َو َوك َوفاااَّزهُك َو ًن َو‬
‫ابااا ُّ اْكػَو افَوعْك َو اااَّزهاثػَو َوو ُك‬
‫اك َوفايُكِكي ُك اثػَو َوو َو‬
‫َوم ْك َو‬
4:134 Whoever desires the reward of this world, (let him
know that) with Allah is the reward of this world and the
Hereafter. Allah hears and sees (all things).
His knowledge encompasses all things (Q. 20:98 quoted
above). Allah knows what has gone before and what will come
in the future (Q. 2:255 quoted above). Allah alone knows the
hidden and the manifest (Q. 59:22 quoted above). Allah alone
has the knowledge of the (Final) Hour (Q. 31:34). With Him
are the keys of the skies and the earth (Q. 42:12). With Him are
the keys of the unseen, which none but He knows (Q. 6:59). He
knows whatever there is in the land and in the sea (Q. 6:59).
Not a leaf falls without His knowledge (Q. 6:59). The eyes
cannot find Him but He finds all eyes (Q. 6:103 quoted above).
‫ام َوذاا‬
‫س َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ۖ ‫ام ِكآت ْك ِك‬
ٌ ‫ااْل ْكَور َوح ـا ا َو َوم ا َو ْك ريااػَو ْكف‬ ‫إِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا ِكْك َو هُكا ِك ْك ُكمااا َّز َو ِكا َو يػُكَوػِّل ُكؿاااْكغَوْك َو‬
‫ثا َو يػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫سا ِكأ ِّل‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وتا ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ٌم َو‬
‫اخِك ٌا‬ ‫ض َواَتُك ُك‬ ‫َويا ْكَور ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ۖ
ٌ ‫با َو ًن اا ا َو َوم ا َو ْك ريااػَو ْكف‬ ‫َو ْك ُك‬
31:34 Verily the knowledge of the (Final) Hour is with Allah
(alone). He sends down the rain and He knows what is in the
wombs. Nobody knows what he will earn tomorrow. And
nobody knows in which land (i.e., place or country) he will die.
Verily with Allah is full knowledge and He is acquainted (with
all things).
‫طاااِّل ْكز َوؽااِك َو ْك ايَو َو ُكا َو يػَو ْكق ِك ُكرا ۚ اإِكاَّزهُكا ِك ُك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا َو ِك ٌما‬
‫ضا ۖ ايػَوْك ُك ُك‬ ‫اَوهام َوق اِك ُك ااا َّز ِك‬
‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫ُك َو‬
42:12 With Him are the keys of the skies and the earth. He
enhances or restricts the sustenance to whom He pleases.
Verily He has full knowledge of everything.
‫ط ِكام ْك ا‬
‫ام ِكآتاااْكَوػِّل ا َوااْكَو ْكح ِك ا ۚ ا َو َوم ا َو ْك ُكق ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ام َوف ِكحاااْكغَوْك ِك‬
‫ب َواَلايػَو ْكعَو ُك َوه اإَّزَلا ُك َووا ۚ ا َو يػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو ْك َو هُك َو ُك‬
‫امِك ٍءا‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬ ‫با َوَلاي ِك ٍء ِك‬ ‫رَو ٍءاإِكَّزَلايػعَو ه ا َوَلاحَّز ٍء ِكآتاظُكُك ِك‬
‫ساإَّزَل ِكآتاكَو ب ُك‬ ‫ضا َوَوَل َوارطْك ٍء َو َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ت ْك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو ْك ُك َو َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
6:59 With Him are the keys of the unseen, which none but
He knows. He knows whatever there is in the land and in the
sea. Not a leaf falls without His knowledge. There is not a
grain in the darkness (i.e., depths) of the earth or anything
green (i.e., fresh) or dry without being (inscribed) in a clear
Record.
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. Allah is
Master of the Day of Judgement (Q. 1:2-4). All praises are to
Allah (Q. 40:65). Thunder extols His praises and so do the
angels with fear of Him (Q. 13:13 quoted above). Whoever
there is in the skies and in the earth prostrates to Allah (Q.
13:15). To Allah is the praise in this world and in the Hereafter
(Q. 28:70 quoted above).
‫ام اِك ِك ايػَو ْكوِكـااا ِّلي ِك اا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اْل ُك ااِكَّز ِكهار ِّل ِك‬
‫باااْك َوع اَو َو اااَّز ْك ٰىَو ِك اااَّزح ِكم َو‬‫َو‬ ‫ْكَو ْك‬
1:2-4 Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. The

Beneficent, the Merciful. Master of the Day of Judgement
‫ااْلَو ْك ُك ااِكَّز ِكه َوار ِّل‬

‫باااْك َوع اَو ِك َوا‬ ‫اُمْكِك ِك‬
‫ل َو ااَوهُكااا ِّلي َو ا ۗ ْك‬ ‫ااْلَو ُّ َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َووافَو ْكد ُكوهُك ُك‬
‫ُك َوو ْك‬
40:65 He is the living (One). There is no God but He. So you
call upon Him with sincere submission to Him alone. All
praises are to Allah, Lord of the worlds.
‫ص ِكؿا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اِكَّز ِكهاي ج ُك ام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫ضاطَوْكو ًن ا َو َوك ْك ًن ا َو ظ َوَل ُكَلُك ْكما اْكغُك ُك ِّل ا َو ْكاْل َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك ُك َو ْك‬
13:15 To Allah prostrates whoever there is in the skies and in
the earth willingly and compulsorily and (so do) their shadows
in the mornings and evenings.
He is the First (Q. 57:3 quoted above). He is the Last
(Q. 57:3 quoted above). To Allah belong the end and the
beginning (Q. 53:25). He is All-Pervading (Q. 2:115 quoted
above). Wherever you turn, you will find the face of Allah (Q.
2:115 quoted above). Everyone on the earth will perish except
the Face of your Lord (Q. 55:26-27). He is the inheritor (when
everything passes away) (Q. 15:23). He is the Living (Q. 3:2
quoted above). He is the (Ever) Living One who does not die
(Q. 25:58).
‫فَوِكَّز ِكه ْك‬
‫ااْل ِكخَوةُكا َو ْكاْلُك َو ٰىَلا‬
53:25 It is to Allah the end and the beginning belong.
‫اْل ْككَو ِكاـاا‬ ‫ام ْك ا َو َوْكػ َوه افَو ٍءفا َو يػَوْكػ َوق ٰى ا َو ْكجهُك َوارِّل َو اذُك ْك‬
‫ااْلَو َوَل ِكؿا َو ْكِك‬ ‫ُكك ُّ َو‬
55:26-27 Everyone on it (i.e., the earth) will perish. And the
Face of your Lord full of Majesty and Mercy (alone) will
remain.
‫إِكاَّز ااَوَوح ُكْك ِك‬
‫وفا‬ ‫اْمِك ا َو ُكٔم ُك‬
‫تا َو َوْكْم ُك اااْك َوو ِكارثُك َو‬ ‫ْك ُك‬ ‫َو‬
15:23 And verily, it is We who give life and who give death.
And We are the inheritors (after everything else passes away).
‫اخِك ًنا‬ ‫موتا سِّلح ِكاِب ِكهِكا ۚ ا َوك َوف ا ِكِكها ِك ُكذاُك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ٙ‫ياَل َوا‬ ‫َوػوَّزك ا َو ْك ِك‬
‫وبا َو ده َو‬ ‫َو ٰى‬ ‫ااْلَو ِّل اااَّزذ َو ُك ُك َو َو ْك َو ْك‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو‬
25:58 And put your trust in the (Ever) Living One who does
not die and you chant His praises. Sufficient is He as the
knower of His servants‟ sins.
If you count the blessings of Allah, never will you be
able to enumerate them (14:34). Blessed is the name of your
Lord, full of Majesty, Bounty and Honour (Q. 55:78). Call Him
Allah or call Him Rahman (the Benevolent). By whatever
name you call Him, the most beautiful names belong to Him
(Q. 17:110).
‫لوَو ا ۗ اإِك َّزف ْكِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوآ َو ُكك ْكم ِكام ْك ُك‬
‫وـا‬
ٌ ‫ااْلاْك َو َوفااَوظَوُك‬ ‫اسأَواْكُك ُك وهُكا ۚ ا َو إِك ْكفا َوػ ُكع ُّ ااا ْكع َو َو‬
‫تاااَّزه َواَلا ُكْك ُك‬ ‫ام َو‬
‫اك ِّل َو‬
‫َوك َّزف ٌار‬
14:34 And He gave you from all that you asked for. And if
you count the blessings of Allah, never will you be able to
number them. Verily, man is a big offender and extremely
ungrateful.
‫يااْلَو َوَل ِكؿا َو ْكِك‬
‫اْل ْككَو ِكاـا‬ ‫اذ ْك‬ ‫َوػ رَوؾااسمارِّل ِك‬
‫َو َو ْك ُك َو َو‬
55:78 Blessed is the name of your Lord, full of Majesty,
Bounty and Honour.
‫ل َوَل ِك َو ا‬ ‫ااْل ٰىَنا ۚ ا َوَل َوْك ِك‬
‫اَت َوه ْك ا َو‬ ‫َوْسَو ُك ْكُك ْك َو َو‬
‫ااْل ْك‬ ‫ااد ُكوااااَّزهَوا َو ِك ْك‬
‫ااد ُكوااااَّز ْك ٰىَو َو ا ۖ ا َويًّ َو‬
‫ام ا َو ْك ُكواافَوػَوهُك ْك‬ ‫ُك ِك ْك‬
‫اسِك ًنا‬
‫َل‬ ‫ٰى ِك‬ ‫اَّت فِك ِك‬
‫تاِبَو ا َوا ْكػَو ِك ا ػَو ْك َو ا َوذا َو َو‬
‫َوَوَل ُكَو ْك‬
17:110 Say: Call Him Allah (i.e., the God) or call Him Rahman
(i.e., the Benevolent). By whatever name you call Him, the
most beautiful names belong to Him. Do not say your Prayer
loud or say it in a low voice but follow a middle course.
God is Absolute Truth

Nature is the showcase of Allah‟s signs sufficient to
convince man of His power and wisdom. The Quran urges us
to turn to nature to find proofs of every hue. Consider the
following verses.
‫‪T H E Q U R A N S C I E N T I F I C E X E G E S I S | 38‬‬
‫يآتاااْكَو ْكح ِك ِكاِبَو ا‬ ‫ضا ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬

‫اَت ِك ِك‬ ‫َّزه ِكرا َوااْك ُكف ْك ِك اااَّزِكِت َوْك‬ ‫إِك َّزف ِكآت َو‬
‫اخ ْك ِكقااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك َو ْك‬
‫اخ َوَلؼاااَّزْك ِك ا َواا ػ َو‬
‫ثافِك َوه ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫ام ْكوِكِتَو ا َو َو َّز‬ ‫َوحَو ا ِكِكه ْك‬ ‫يػْكػفعاااَّز سا م ا َواْكػ َوؿاااَّزه ِكام ااا َّز ِك ِكام ٍء‬
‫ضا ػَو ْكع َو َو‬
‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫ام افَوأ ْك‬ ‫َو َو ُك َو َو َو َو ُك َو َو ْك َو‬
‫تااِكَوق ْكوٍءـايػَو ْكع ِكقُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ض َواْلي ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ادا َّزٍءا َو ْك ِك‬
‫ل ِكي اااِّليَو ِكحا َواا َّز َوح باااْك ُك َو َّزخ ِك ا ػَو ْك َو ااا َّز َو ا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك َو‬ ‫ُكك ِّل َو َو‬
‫‪2:164 In the creation of the skies and the earth, the alternation‬‬
‫‪of the night and the day, the ship that sails through the ocean‬‬
‫‪for the benefit of the mankind, the water which Allah sends‬‬
‫‪down from the sky, then He gives life with it to the earth after‬‬
‫‪its death and disperses in it all kinds of organisms, the‬‬
‫‪controlling of the winds, and the clouds suspended between the‬‬
‫‪sky and the earth, are indeed signs for people who think.‬‬
‫باااَّز ِكذي َو ا‬ ‫ااْلَواْك ِك‬ ‫ٍء ِك‬
‫َّزه ِكر َواْليَو تاْلُك ِكِل ْك َو‬
‫ضا ِك ِك‬
‫ِك‬
‫اخ ْك ِكقااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك َو ْك‬ ‫إِك َّزف ِكآت َو‬
‫وِبِكما يػ ػ َوف َّز َوف ِكآتاخ ْك ِكقااا َّز ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ا‬
‫ض َوارػَّزَو َو‬ ‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫اجُك ْك َو َوَو ُك‬ ‫وداا َو َو َو ٰى ُك‬‫ْككُك َوفاااَّزهَوا َو ًنم ا َو ُكػ ُكع ًن‬
‫يَوذ ُك‬
‫اباااَّز ِكراا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اسْك َوح اَو َو افَوقَو ا َو َوذ َو‬‫تا ٰىَو َوذاا َو ط ًنَل ُك‬ ‫َوخَو ْكق َو‬
‫‪3:190-191 In the creation of the skies and the earth, and in the‬‬
‫‪alternation of night and day, there are indeed signs for the‬‬
‫‪intelligent ones who remember Allah standing, sitting, and‬‬
‫‪lying down on their sides, and ponder over the creation of the‬‬
‫‪skies and the earth (with the thought): “Our Lord! You have‬‬
‫‪not created this for nothing! Glory to You! Save us then from‬‬
‫”‪the penalty of the Fire.‬‬
‫ااْلي ِك‬
‫تا‬ ‫ااِب ِكآتاظُكُك ِك‬
‫تاااْكَوػِّل ا َوااْكَو ْكح ِك ا ۗ ا َو ْك افَو َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫واااَّز ِكذياجع ااَو ُك ماااُّج ِك‬
‫ل ْكَو ْك َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫وـااَوػ ْكهَو ُك َو‬
‫َو َو َو ُك ُك َو‬ ‫َو ُك َو‬
‫ٍء‬
‫اِكَوق ْكوـايػَو ْكعَو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
‫‪6:97 It is He who made the stars for you to serve as guidance‬‬
‫‪in the darkness of the land and the sea. We explain Our signs‬‬
‫‪for people who know.‬‬
‫اك ِّلا َو ٍء افَوأَوخ جَو ِكامْكهاخ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ِكجا‬
‫اآمْك ُك‬
‫ضًن ُك‬ ‫ت ُك ْك ْك َو ْك ُك َو‬ ‫َوخَو ْكجَو ا ِكهااػَوَو َو‬ ‫َو ُك َوواااَّزذيا َواْكػَو َوؿام َو ااا َّز َو َو‬
‫ام ًنافَوأ ْك‬
‫وفا َوااُّ َّزم َوفا‬
‫با َوااَّزيْكػُك َو‬ ‫ِكمْكهاحًّ ام ػ اكِك ا ِكم اااَّزخ ِك ِكام اطَوْكعِكه ا ِكْكػوا ٌفادااِك ٌا جَّز ٍء‬
‫ت ِكام ا َو ْك َو ٍء‬
‫ْك‬ ‫ُك َو ُك َو َو ًن َو َو ْك ْك َو َو َو َو َو َو‬
‫تااِكَوق ْكوٍءـا‬
‫م ْك ِكه ا َو ػ ام ِكٍءها ۗ اااْكظُك ااإِك َو ٰىَل َواْثَوِكهِكاإِك َوذاا َوْكْثَو ا يػْكعِك ِكها ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك ُك م َواْلي ٍء‬
‫ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫ُك َو ًن َو ْك َو ُك َو َو‬
‫يػُك ْك ِكمُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
6:99 It is He who sends down rain from the skies. With it
We germinate all kinds of (seeds); then We produce from that
green (crops) from which We produce closely packed grains;
and from the date palm – from its bunches – (We produce)
clusters of dates hanging down; and (We produce) gardens of
grapes, olives and pomegranates of similar and dissimilar
(varieties). Look at its fruit when it begins to form and when it
ripens. Behold! In those things there are signs for the believing
people.
‫اض ا ااْك َوق ااُكوراا َو َّزرهامَو ِكزَوؿااِك ػعَو واا َو دااا ِّل ِك ا ْكِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫با‬
‫اْل َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو ْك ُك َو َو‬ ‫س َو ًن َو َو َو ًن َو َوُك َو‬ ‫ياج َوع َوااا َّز ْك َو‬ ‫ُك َوواااَّزذ َو‬
‫تااِكَوق ْكوٍءـايػَو ْكعَو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ااْلي ِك‬ ‫اخَو َوقاااَّزهُكا ٰىذَواِك َو اإِكَّزَلا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۚ ايػُك َوف ِّل‬
‫ل ُك ْك َو‬ ‫ام َو‬‫ۚ َو‬
10:5 It is He who made the sun to be (a source of) light and
the moon a shining object and fixed for it (i.e., moon)
residences (i.e., orbits) to enable you to know the number of
years and for computation (of time). Allah had not created it
except with truth. He (Allah) explains the signs for people who
understand.
‫سا‬ ۖ ‫ِك‬
‫ااسَوػ َوو ٰى ا َو َو اااْك َوع ْك شا ا َو َوس َّزخَو ااا َّز ْك َو‬
‫اّتَّز ْك‬ ‫اتا ِكغَو ْكِك ا َو َو ٍءا َوػَو ْك اػَو َوه ا ۖ ُك‬
‫ااَّزهاااَّز ِكذيارفَوعااا َّز ِك‬
‫َو َو َو َو‬ ‫ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْليَو تااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما ِك َوق َوارِّل ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل ُك ْك‬ ‫ام َو ًّ ا ۚ ايُك َو ػِّلُك ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَومَو ايػُك َوف ِّل‬ ‫َوج ٍء ُك‬‫اٖم ِكياْل َو‬ ‫َوااْك َوق َو َو ا ۖ ُك‬
‫اك َوْك‬
‫ُكوِكُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
13:2 It is Allah who raised the skies without any visible
pillars. He then established (Himself) on the Throne. He
subjected the sun and the moon (to His law), all moving for a
prescribed term. He regulates all affairs. He explains the signs
in detail so that you firmly believe in the meeting with your
Lord.
‫مْك ِك ُك ه َّز اإِكَّزَلاااَّزها ۗ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َواْلي ٍء‬ٙ‫ات ِكآتاج ِّلوااا َّز ِك ام ُكا‬
‫تا‬ ‫َوَلايػ ااإِك َوَلاااطَّز ِك ام َّزخ ٍء‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْك ُك َو َو‬ ‫َوْك َوَو ْك‬
‫اِكَوق ْكوٍءـايػُك ْك ِكمُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
16:79 Do they not look at the birds subjected to the

environmental conditions of the sky? Nothing holds them up
but (the power of) Allah. Verily in this are signs for the people
who believe.
‫َوخَو ْكجَو ا ِكِكها‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ًنافَوأ ْك‬‫اسُك ًنَلا َو َواْكػَو َوؿام َو ااا َّز َو َو‬
‫ام ْكه ًن اا َو َوسَو َو ااَو ُك ْكماف َوه ُك‬ ‫ض َو‬
‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫ااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياج َوع َوااَو ُك ُكم ْك‬
‫ٍء ِك‬ ‫ٰى ِك‬ ‫ْكَوز اج ِكام ااػَو ٍء‬
‫اكُكواا َو ْكار َو ْكواا َواْكػ َوع َوم ُك ْكما ۗ اإِك َّزف ِكآتاذَوا َو َواْليَو تاْلُك ِكِلااا ػ َو‬
‫ُّه ٰى اا‬ ‫تا َو َّز ٰىَّت ُك‬ ‫َو ًن ْك َو‬
20:53-54 (Allah) who made the earth like a spread out carpet
for you, provided therein routes, and sent down water from the
sky. With it We produced pairs of diverse plants. You eat and
let your cattle graze. Verily, in that are signs for intelligent
people.
‫َّزه َورا‬ ‫وفا َو ُك َوواااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياخَو َوقاااَّزْك َوا َواا ػ َو‬ ‫ام ْكع ِك ُك‬
‫ض َو‬ ‫اُم ُكفوظًن ا ۖ ا َو ُك ْكما َو ْك اآيَو ِتَو ُك‬
‫اس ْكق ًنف َوْك‬
‫َو َوج َوع ْكَو ااا َّز َو َو َو‬
‫اك ِكآتافَوػَو ٍء ايَو ْك َو ُكح َو‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫سا َوااْك َوق َو َو ا ۖ ُك‬
‫َواا َّز ْك َو‬
21:32-33 And We have made the sky a well-guarded canopy.
Yet, they turn away from its signs! It is He who created the
night, the day, the sun and the moon. Every (celestial body)
moves in its orbit.
‫اك ِك ٍء اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َو َواْليَو ًنا ۖ ا َو َوم َو‬

‫اك َوفا‬ ‫اك ْكما َواْكػَوْكػَو افِك َوه ِكام ْك ُك‬
‫اك ِّل َوازْك ٍءج َو‬ ‫َوَو َوَلْكايػَوَو ْك ااإِك َوَل ْك‬
‫ض َو‬
‫ام ْك ِكمِك َو اا‬
‫َوكثَوػُك ُك ْكم ُك‬ ‫ْك‬
26:7-8 Do they not look at the earth? How many things have
We produced therein from all kinds of noble pairs! Verily, in
that is a sign. But most of them do not believe.
‫ؼا َواْك ِك َوِك ُك ما َواْكوااِك ُك ما ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َواْلي ٍء‬
‫تا‬ ‫اخِك َوَل ُك‬ ‫ِكم اآي ِكِكهاخ ْكقااا َّز ِك‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫ْك َو َو ْك‬ ‫ضا َو ْك‬ ‫َو ْك َو َو ُك َو َو‬
‫اِكْك َوع اِك ِك َوا‬
30:22 And among His signs is the creation of the skies and the
earth, and the variations in your languages and your colours.
Verily in that are signs for those with knowledge.
‫ضِك ِكها ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َواْلي ٍء‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫َّزه ِكرا َوا ْكِكغَو ُكؤُكك ْكم ِكام ْك افَو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫امَو ُكم ُك ْكما اَّزْك ِك ا َواا ػ َو‬
‫ِك ِكِك‬
‫َو م ْك اآيَو ه َو‬
‫يَو ْك َو ُكع َوا‬
‫وف‬
30:23 Among His signs are your sleep in the night and your
seeking (livelihood) from His bounty during the day. Verily in
that are signs for those who hear.
‫ياااْك ُكف ْك ُك ا ِكأ ْكَوم ِكهِكا َو اِكَوْكَوػغُكواا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء ِك ِك‬
‫امَو ِّل َواتا َو اُكذ َويق ُك ْكمام ْك َوار ْك َو ها َو اَو ْكج َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِكِك‬
‫َو م ْك اآيَو ها ْكَوفايػُكْكس َواااِّليَو َوح ُك‬
‫ضِك ِكها َو اَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َو ْك ُك ُك َواف‬
‫ِكم ْك افَو ْك‬
30:46 Among His signs are: Sending the winds bringing the
good news (of rain), giving you the taste of His mercy, sailing
of ships by His command to enable you to seek from His
bounty and (thus) you may become grateful (to Him).
‫ادا َّزٍءا ۚ ا َو ُك َووا َو َو ٰى اَجَوْكعِك ِكه ْكماإِك َوذاا‬ ‫ضا م ا َّز ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِكِك‬
‫ثاف ِكه َو ام ْك َو‬‫اخ ْك ُكقااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك َو َو َو‬
‫يَو َو ُكا َو ِكيٌا‬
earth and the organisms He distributed in both of them. And He
has power to gather them together when He feels so.
‫اك ْكْلَو ْك َوَلِكـا‬ ‫َو ِكم ْك اآيَو ِكِكه ْك‬
‫ااْلَوَوو ِكار ِكآتاااْكَو ْكح ِك َو‬
42:32 And among His signs are the huge mountain-like
(ships) sailing in the sea.
‫َّزه ِكرا َو َوم ا َواْكػَو َوؿاااَّزهُكا‬ ‫وفا ِك ِك‬ ‫ث ِكام ادا َّزٍءاآي ِك ٍء ِك‬ ‫ِكٓت ِك‬
‫تاا َوق ْكوـايُكو ُك َو َو ْك‬ ٌ ‫اخ ْكق ُك ْكما َو َوم ايػَوُك ُّ ْك َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫تاا َوق ْكوـايػَو ْكعقُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫ل ي اااِّليَو ِكحاآيَو‬ ‫ام ْكوِتَو ا َو َو ْك‬
‫َوحَو ا ه ْك‬
‫م َو ااا َّز َو ام ْك ارْكزؽافَوأ ْك‬
45:4-5 And there are signs for the firm believers in the creation
of yourself and the organisms He disperses, and in the
alternation of the night and the day, and (in) what Allah sends
down as sustenance (i.e., water) from the sky and with it He
gives life to the earth after its death, and (in) the control of the
winds, there are indeed signs for people who think.
As the Quran puts it, nature offers innumerable signs of the
Creator sufficient to convince man of His power. Scientists
who ponder over these signs realize this fact much more than
the others. As rightly pointed out by Sir Isaac Newton “(the
beautiful universe he observed) could only proceed from the
counsel and dominion of an intelligent and Powerful Being.”
3. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE OF GOD AND

IRRATIONALITY OF ATHEISM
Scientific proof for the existence of God is an essential
pre-requisite while making any attempt to scientifically explain
the Quran for the obvious reason that the Quran is believed to
be revelation from God. Any argument in favour of theistic
doctrine or atheism should be based on scientific evidence.
Atheists question the existence of God without producing
scientific evidence for His nonexistence. They assume that the
universe with all its living and nonliving components
originated by itself by chance. This belief is not founded on
scientific facts. The universe, as we shall discuss later (see
chapter 7), is a system designed, programmed and created by
Allah with purpose. It is like a computer system. There is no
such phenomenon called „chance‟ or „accident‟ in the
programmed natural system. The very word is a misfit and
incompatible with a computerized set up. The question whether
God exists or not cannot be subjected to direct experimental
verification. However, it can be ascertained through other
scientific means. There is sufficient direct evidence in science
for the existence of God but no evidence to even doubt it.
Big bang cosmology

In 1917, Albert Einstein described the universe based
on general theory of relativity, which inspired many scientists
including Russian mathematician Alexander Friedmann. Much
of today‟s cosmology is based on Friedmann‟s solutions to the
mathematical equations in Einstein‟s theory. In 1922 and 1924
Friedmann published papers that used solutions to Einstein‟s
general theory of relativity to predict the expansion of the
universe. The general theory of relativity implied a non-static
universe which was however modified by Einstein himself by
introducing a cosmological constant into the theory to bring in
anti-gravity effect and thereby avoiding the prediction of a
non-static universe. It was perhaps that Einstein was so much

influenced by the then prevalent view of a static universe that
he made such a modification. Einstein regretted this
modification later calling it the biggest blunder of his life. On
the contrary, Friedmann preferred to explain the non-static
implication of the theory in an elegant manner.
Friedmann‟s models predicted that all galaxies were
moving away from each other. In other words, the universe has
been expanding ever since it began. His models thus indicated
that at some point of time in the past, the galaxies were
together and compressed into a tiny mass of infinite density.
This point of infinite density is known in physics as
“singularity” to which the Cambridge astrophysicist Fred
Hoyle gave the fashionable epithet „big-bang‟ [1]. Time had a
beginning at the big bang. Later, Roger Penrose, a British
physicist and Stephen Hawking showed that the general theory
of relativity implied that the universe had a beginning and
possibly, it would have an end too [2].
Studies conducted in astronomy and physics have
shown beyond a shadow of doubt that our universe had a
beginning, which marked the beginning of time also. Before
that there was nothing. Scientific proofs validating predictions
of the big bang model have been obtained. Direct scientific
evidence to the predictions made by Friedmann‟s models came
in 1924, when the American astronomer Edwin Hubble
demonstrated that ours (Milky Way) was not the only galaxy;
there were some hundred thousand million galaxies spaced far
between. The spectral analysis of the radiation coming from
them revealed that most galaxies were redshifted. That is, they
were moving away from us. In other words, the universe has
been expanding ever since its origin and the galaxies were
together in the distant past. (The expansion of the universe and
the existence of its components together in the early stage are
also revealed in the Quran. The subject has been discussed in
chapter 4).
Another prediction of the theory was the existence of a

cosmic background radiation. This also has been proven
correct. The strongest evidence supporting this prediction came
in 1965 when Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson of the Bell
Laboratories, USA, reported the presence of a microwave
radiation (3 K radiation) pervading the whole universe. The
universe was hot and dense in the beginning which implied an
ionized plasma where matter and radiation were inseparable.
As the expansion and cooling of gas cloud continued, a stage
was reached when the radiation (photons) decoupled from the
matter. It would have been cooled now to 2.7 K. This radiation
is believed to be the relic of the big bang and the one which
Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered [3].
A third proof in favour of the big bang model was
provided by the relative abundances of light elements. The
abundances of deuterium (2H), tritium (3H), helium (4H) and
lithium (7Li) in the universe are consistent with the predicted
reactions occurring in the first three minutes following the big
bang.
The big bang theory implied divine intervention since
there was a beginning for the universe. While discussing the
big bang model, Stephen Hawking wrote: “Many people do not
like the idea that time has a beginning, probably because it
smacks of divine intervention….There were therefore a number
of attempts to avoid the conclusion that there had been a big
bang. The proposal that gained widest support was called the
steady state theory.” [2].
In 1949 Hermann Bondi and Thomas Gold (two
Austrian scientists) along with British astronomer Fred Hoyle
proposed the steady state model. According to this theory, the
universe does not evolve or change with time. There was no
beginning in the past and there will be no change in the future.
This model is based on the perfect cosmological principle,
which states that the universe is the same everywhere on the
large scale at all times. This theory attracted lot of attention as
it avoided the big bang event and hence a beginning for the
universe which implied divine hand. The steady state universe
postulates creation of matter out of vacuum so that the perfect
cosmological principle (i.e., density is constant) is satisfied.
The theory held the centre stage for nearly two decades. The
prediction of continual matter creation from nothing is however
violation of the law of conservation of the mass and energy and
could not be proved. Added to that, discovery of the cosmic
microwave background strengthening the validity of the big
bang cosmology came as fatal blow to the steady state theory
[4]. There are, however, efforts to revive the theory. The
Quasi-Steady State Cosmology is such an attempt in order to
allow for the evolution of the cosmic microwave background
temperature and to explain the faint radio sources in a universe
that is always the same over the very long term. All these have
been, however, found to be inconsistent with the observations
[5].
Thus the big bang theory, which upholds the existence
of God, remains as the acceptable theory in cosmology despite
the deliberate efforts of the atheists to overthrow it.
Energy cannot originate by itself

First law of thermodynamics asserts that energy is
conserved thus making it unambiguously clear that energy
cannot be created or destroyed. It can only transform from one
form to another. One of the most famous outcomes of Albert
Einstein‟s special relativity theory is the relation between mass
and energy: E = mC2 (where E is energy, m is mass, and C is
velocity of light). Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
The equation presents the mass-energy relationship and their
interconvertibility. The total energy content of the universe is
therefore constant. That is the basic truth about energy and has
been well accepted in science since at least two centuries. The
generally adopted statement that “energy can neither be created
nor destroyed” might appear a little misleading to the lay
public as it does not make it clear it is the situation in this

universe. A better expression would be: “energy can neither
originate nor destroy by itself.” The fact that energy exists
leads to the question as to how it originated in the first place.
There is only one answer to it – energy had to be created.
Energy lacks autogenetic ability. First law of thermodynamics
indicates only conservation of energy. Therefore energy has to
have a Creator. This is a direct scientific evidence for the
existence of Creator God.
It is reminded here that attempt to develop steady state
cosmology discussed above was made by the scientific
community not because the big bang theory was inadequate to
explain the origin of the universe but because it implied that
the universe had a beginning and hence it was created. It is this
implication of the existence of Creator God that frustrated the
scientific community and led them to replace it with the steady
state cosmology, which implied autogenesis of energy and
universe. But it flopped miserably as its prediction of continual
matter creation is against scientific facts. There is no evidence
whatsoever for the production of new energy in the universe.
The rejection of steady state cosmology should be seen as
another confirmatory scientific evidence of the existence of
God.
Recently an attempt has also been made to question the
law of conservation of energy, the bedrock law of nature that is
central to physics, by suggesting a hypothetical mode of
production of energy in the universe [6]. However, it did not
receive any serious attention as it is not grounded on evidence.
Every scientific evidence available to us points to the
truth that energy was created and the creation of energy is a
one-time event in the history of the universe and its quantum is
conserved. Yet scientists blindly argue against this well-
established scientific fact to promote the idea that the universe
originated by itself as an accident. As of today we have only
scientific evidence for God and not for „no God‟ (atheism). In
other words, God is truth. Anybody who refutes God is refuting

a scientific truth.
There are of course questions about the nature of God
for which we have no answers. The most frequently asked
question by atheists is: “If there is God, who created that
God?” This is an endless question because if you say God was
created by another God, then the question of who created that
God arises. It is also important to note that this question
however does not challenge the existence of Creator God for
the universe because the existence of God has been well proven
scientifically as already discussed. What the atheists cannot
bring themselves to believe is how God came into existence
without being created. They should realize that a thing created
cannot be described as Creator. The very question is irrational.
God has no beginning, no end and lives forever. Although
atheists are prepared to believe that universe has no beginning,
no end and no change (e.g., steady state cosmology) for a
system which is known to have no such property, they cannot
accept this attribute for God whose nature is unknown to us!
None of the arguments put forward by the atheist scientific
community questions the existence of God. The existence of
God has been conclusively proven by the big bang theory, the
failure of steady state cosmology, and the inability of energy to
originate by itself. What we do not know is only His nature. On
the other hand, we have not even an iota of scientific evidence
to support atheism, which the scientific community promotes!
In addition to these direct scientific evidences for the
existence of God, there are also scientifically valid indirect
evidences based on the Quran. These are discussed in the next
chapter.
References
1.http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/Resources/Education/classes/astro88
/0088u23.htm. Accessed May 13, 2004.
2. Hawking, S. 1988. A Brief History of Time: From the Big

Bang to Black Holes. Bantam Press, London.
3. http://ssscott.tripod.com/BigBang.html.
4. http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Eduction/cosprinc.html.
Accessed May 13, 2004.
5. http://www.astro.ucla.edu/ ~wright/stdystat.htm. Accessed
May 13, 2004.
6. Bayer, G.W. 2006. Nonconservation of energy by the
vacuum. New Astronomy 12(1):47-51.
4. SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY OF THE

QURANIC REVELATIONS
There are several verses of scientific significance in the
Quran. These verses give very useful hints about certain
aspects of the physical universe such as its origin, structural
components and organization. There are also verses relating to
human biosystem and other organisms. Scientific discoveries
made during the past couple of centuries had shown very good
agreement with many of these revelations. In this context, it is
reminded here that while hailing these discoveries, Muslims do
make statements like “what is discovered now in science was
revealed by the Quran 1400 years ago” out of sheer pleasure
and excitement over the fact that their belief system is
scientifically sound and rational. Such statements are however
uncalled for because they do convey the wrong message that
science is man-made. There is nothing man-made in this world.
Science is no exception. The source of scientific information is
also God (see chapter 12).
We should also realize that it is in the divine scheme of
things to prove to the unbelievers the divinity of the Quran
through scientific validation of its revelations. In other words,
revelations of scientific significance are included by Allah in
the Quran for this purpose. The agreement between the Quranic
revelations and science is another confirmatory evidence of the
validity of the Quran and existence of God. Earlier generations
had not received the kind of scientific knowledge and intellect,
which we receive now. Consequently, it is unlikely they had
the inner urge for rational approach towards their beliefs. It is
in the Muhammadan era Allah is releasing scientific
knowledge and it is in this era people look for scientific
evidence to believe in anything. Obviously Allah included
those revelations in the Quran to be proved later through
scientific discoveries. If we examine the messages conveyed
through those revelations, it will be apparent that those
messages would have meant nothing to the people of Prophet

Muhammad‟s time. The verses of scientific significance are
therefore intended to prove the validity of the Quran
scientifically to the later generations as more scientific
knowledge is released by Allah. This will be made clear from
subsequent discussions.
There is also another side to it. It may be noted that
Allah has decided the unbelievers to be the discoverers and
inventors of modern era. In the one hundred plus year history
of Nobel Prize, there are only two Muslims, Ahmed H. Zewail
(Chemistry, 1999) and Abdus Salam (Physics, 1979) who
received the Nobel in science. The rest of over 500 Nobel
laureates in science (Physics, Chemistry, and Physiology or
Medicine) are non-Muslims. Looking back we find science and
technology blossomed into the most spectacular intellectual
enterprise during the past five centuries under the western
patronage (although prior to that, Muslim contributions
dominated the scene). Thus Allah provided a great opportunity
for the unbelievers not only to contemplate over the natural
phenomena, but also to study and find out for themselves the
mechanisms involved in the structure and organization of the
universe. They researched and found out the mechanisms, rules
and laws that govern the physical and biological segments of
the universe and so on. What they found from their research
confirmed the revelations in the Quran. Yet they reject Allah.
See what the Quran says.
‫اك اػَوَو َوارْكػ ًنق افَوػ َوفَوػ ْكقَو ُكٕمَو ا ۖ ا َو َوج َوع ْكَو ِكام َو اااْك َو ِك ُك‬
‫اك َّزا‬ ‫ض َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اك َوفُك اا َّز‬
‫َوفااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫َوَو َوَلْكايػَوَو اااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫اح ٍّ ا ۖ ا َوفَو َوَلايػُك ْك ِكمُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ٍء‬
‫َو ْك َو‬
21:30 Do not the unbelievers see that the skies and the earth
were joined together (as one unit) before We clove them
asunder? We made from water every organism. Will they not
believe then?
Mark it; the verse addresses the unbelievers in general
and atheist scientists in particular. The verse encompasses both
cosmology and biological segment of the universe. The

reference is to the formative stage of the skies and the earth
when they all remained together as single unit. It is a reminder
of Edwin Hubble‟s observation of the expanding universe that
proved Russian mathematician Alexander Friedmann‟s
prediction in his solutions to Einstein‟s general theory of
relativity, paving way for the confirmation of the big bang
model (see chapter 3). The Quranic verse 21:30 must be
understood against this background. How elegantly Allah asks
the unbelievers: “Will they not then believe?” One can find
such questions relating to science and addressed to the
unbelievers including scientists only in the Creator‟s Book.
The divine strategy is very clear. It is to prove to the
unbelievers the validity of the Quranic revelations through
scientific discoveries. This in turn proves the existence of God
unequivocally. It should also be understood that the Quranic
revelations of scientific significance are so programmed as to
become comprehensible to the targeted future generations
when sufficient scientific information is made available to
them. In other words, not all revelations of scientific
significance will make sense to the entire mankind at any given
point of time. This is very much implied in another divine
proclamation:
‫ااْلَو ُّقا ۗ ا َوَو َوَلْكايَو ْك ِك ا ِكَوِّل َو ا َواَّزهُكا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫سُك ِك ِكيهماآي ِكَو ِكآت ْك ِك‬
‫اَلُك ْكما َواَّزهُك ْك‬ ‫ااْلفَو ؽا َوِكٓتا َواْكػ ُكف ه ْكم َو‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتايػَوَوَوػ َّز َو َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ا َو ه ٌا‬
‫َو َو ٰى ُك‬
41:53 Soon will We show them Our signs in the (furthest)
regions and in themselves until it becomes manifest to them
that this (Quran) is the truth. Is it not enough that your Lord is
witness over all things?
Very clearly Allah‟s plan is to prove His revelations in the
Quran scientifically to the unbelievers and thereby confirming
the existence of God Almighty and divinity of the Quran. In
verse 41:53 this is stated as a promise from Him.
The Quranic revelations confirmed in science

We have already seen scientific (big bang cosmology
and first law of thermodynamics) and natural (absence of new
events of production of energy) evidence for the existence of
God (see chapter 3). True, we cannot test the question of God
or „no God‟ through direct experimentation. We do come
across several such situations in science where it is impossible
to carry out experiments to prove or disprove a theory directly.
Theories relating to origin of the universe, origin of life,
evolution of biological species, etc., belong to this category. In
such cases, the most widely used scientific method is to prove
or falsify the predictions of the theory. The very same approach
can be adopted here also. In this case the Quranic revelations of
scientific import form the „predictions‟. These revelations can
be tested for their validity or falsified and hence they can be
treated at par with scientific theories. Falsifiability was
introduced by Karl Popper as the criterion to judge and
characterise a scientific theory [1]. The criterion of
falsifiability distinguishes a scientific theory from
pseudoscience. It can be applied to any assertion or ideology.
In the case of the Quran, scientific validity of the revelations
can be assessed based on their conformity with proven
scientific facts. Once the validity is confirmed, the revelation
becomes a scientific fact. If not, it gets falsified.
Non-Muslim scientists Maurice Bucaille [2, 3], a
French Catholic Christian physician, and Keith Moore [4], an
anatomist at the University of Toronto, Canada, were the
pioneers in bringing to light the agreement between many
Quranic revelations and modern scientific findings. Their
works started appearing in print from the latter half of 1970s.
Maurice Bucaille found several Quranic verses conforming to
scientific facts. Prof. Keith Moore explained scientifically the
Quranic revelations relating to human embryology [4]. It is
again non-Muslims whom Allah appointed for the job. Let us
examine the Quranic revelations of scientific significance in

the light of available scientific information.
a) Primordial ‘smoke’, existence of the universe as single
unit prior to separation into component systems and its
expansion following separation
Allah informs us that the first component of the
universe to be created was Earth. The rest of the universe was
then „smoke‟.

Lord of the worlds.
‫اَلَو ا َو اِك ْكْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ضاائْكِكَو اطَوْكو ًن ا َوْك َو‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اك ْك ًن ا َو اَوَو ا َوَوػْكػَو ا‬ ‫ااسَوػ َوو ٰى اإِك َوَلااا َّز َو ا َو َو ُك‬
‫اد َوخ ٌفافَوػ َوق َوؿ َو‬ ‫ُكّتَّز ْك‬
‫طَو ئِكعِك َوا‬
41:11 Then He turned to the sky and it was „smoke‟. He said
to it and to the earth: “You both come together willingly or as
from compulsion. They said: “We do come (together)
obediently.”
believe then?
‫وفا‬ ‫اا َّز ا ػَوػ ػَو ا ِكأَوي ٍءا إِكاَّز ااَو ِك‬
‫وس ُكع َو‬ ‫َو َو َو َو ْك َو ْك َو ُك‬
51:47 With hands did We construct the sky: For it is We who
create the vastness of space (i.e., expansion of the universe).
The Quranic revelation of the primordial state of the universe

as „smoke‟ may be taken to mean the gas cloud produced by
the big bang (see also chapter 8). A team of astronomers
headed by Michele Fumagalli at the University of California,
Santa Cruz (UCSC) reported in 2011 the detection of two
clouds of gas that formed in the first few minutes after the big
bang that created the universe. The primordial gas clouds were
found to contain only light elements (hydrogen and helium). A
few hundred million years later, clumps of these gas clouds
condensed to form the first stars, which created and dispersed
heavier elements throughout the universe. The new
observations appear to match the theoretical predictions about
the chemical makeup of the early universe [5, 6]. The
discovery of the pristine gas clouds offers the scientific proof
of the Quranic revelation of the primordial smoke (see also
chapter 8).
The Quran further reveals that the universe existed as
single unit in its formative stage (Q. 21.30). Following its
separation into various components, it has been expanding (Q.
51:47). These revelations agree well with the expectations of
the big bang cosmology and Edwin Hubble‟s observation of
expanding universe. These have been discussed above and also
in chapter 3 in detail.
b) Description of the sun as lamp and the moon as light
‫سا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ااك اخَوقاااَّزهاس ع َو ٍء ِك‬
‫اْسَو َواتاطَو ًن ا َو َوج َوع َواااْك َوق َو َو اف ه َّز ااُك ًنوراا َو َوج َوع َوااا َّز ْك َو‬ ‫َوَلْكا َوػَو ْك َو ْك َو َو َو ُك َو ْك َو‬
‫َو‬
‫اج اا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫سَو ًن‬
71:15-16 Do you not see how He created seven skies in layers,
and placed the moon as a light in them and made the Sun a
blazing lamp?
‫با‬
‫وف‬ ‫ااْلي ِك‬ ‫اخَو َوقاااَّزهُكا ٰىَوذاِك َو اإِكَّزَلا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۚ ايػُك َوف ِّل‬

except with truth. He (i.e., Allah) explains the signs for people
who understand.
‫اامِك ًنا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ياج َوع َو ِكآتااا َّز َو ا ػُكُك ًنج ا َو َوج َوع َواف َوه اسَو ًن‬
‫اج ا َو َو َو ًن ُك‬ ‫َوػَو َورَوؾاااَّزذ َو‬
25:61 Blessed is He who made constellations in the skies and
placed therein a lamp (i.e., the sun) and a shining moon.
These verses make clear distinction between the sun and the
moon based on the nature of radiation coming from them.
While the radiation coming from the moon is described as
“light” (noor in Arabic), the sun is described as “lamp” (siraj
in Arabic). The distinction is consistent with the scientific
information on these two celestial objects. The sun being a
natural nuclear fusion reactor generates energy and emits light.
It is therefore comparable with a burning lamp. It is this fusion
reactor that Allah created to serve as the primary source of
energy for Earth. The moon on the other hand does not produce
light; it only reflects the sun‟s light incident on it. The
revelations about the sun and moon are in conformity with
scientific facts.
c) Limited lifespan of the sun

‫اَلَو ا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو ا َوػ ْكق ِكيُك اااْك َوع ِكي ِك اااْك َوعِك ِكما‬
‫اَت ِكيااِك ُك ْك َوػ َوقٍّ َو‬
‫س َوْك‬
‫َواا َّز ْك ُك‬
36:38 And the sun moves on for a period determined for it.
That is the decree of (Allah), the Mighty, the All-Knowing.
The stars cannot go on forever. The lifespan of the sun like any
other star is finite. Being a nuclear reactor it should die when
the hydrogen fuel supply is exhausted. In the sun‟s core 600
million tons of hydrogen are converted into helium every
second generating 4 x 1027 watts of energy. The amount of
hydrogen available in the core of the sun is not unlimited [7].
The verse 36:38 reveals that the amount is so adjusted to run
for a period pre-determined by Allah; that is, till the end of this
universe.
d) Motion of celestial bodies in their tracks
‫َّزه ِكرا ۚ ا َو ُكك ِكآتافَوػَو ٍء ايَو ْك َو ُكح َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫اس ُكقااا ػ َو‬
‫ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو‬ ‫سايػَوْكَوغِك َو‬
‫اَلَو ا ْكَوفا ُك ْك ِكرَوؾاااْك َوق ا َوَلاااَّزْك ِك‬
‫َوَلااا َّز ْك ُك‬
36:40 The sun cannot reach up to the moon and the night
cannot outstrip the day; each moves along a path.
‫اك ِكآتافَوػَو ٍء ايَو ْك َو ُكح َو‬ ‫ِك‬

‫وفا‬ ‫سا َوااْك َوق َو َو ا ۖ ُك‬
‫َّزه َورا َواا َّز ْك َو‬ ‫َو ُك َوواااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياخَو َوقاااَّزْك َوا َواا ػ َو‬
21:33 It is He who created the night, the day, the sun and the
moon; each moves along a path.
Substantial information exists in celestial mechanics on the
motion of celestial bodies. The available information is
consistent with the Quranic revelation of motion of the celestial
bodies in separate courses or orbits.
Johannes Kepler formulated the basis of modern
understanding of orbits. There are three laws he propounded to
describe the motions of planets in our solar system. One is that
the motion is along elliptical orbit and the sun is located at one
focus and not at the centre of the orbits. Secondly, the orbital
speed of the planet depends on its distance from the sun and is
not constant. Thirdly, there is relationship in the orbital
properties among the planets orbiting the sun. Isaac Newton
showed that the size of the orbit is inversely proportional to the
mass of the orbiting body. He also derived Kepler‟s laws from
his theory of gravitation. According to Albert Einstein, the
gravity is due to curvature of space-time. In relativity theory,
orbits follow geodesic trajectories that approximate well to the
Newtonian predictions. In view of its simplicity, Newtonian
mechanics is largely used for most purposes.
e) The moon split

The Quran reveals to us that the moon had split during
the time of Prophet Muhammad. It was a sign of the nearing of
the end of the world.
‫ام ْك َو ِك ا َو َوك َّزذ ُكواا َوا ػَّزَوػ ُكعواا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬

‫ا ْكػَوػَوَوتااا َّز َو ُكا َوااْك َو َّزقاااْك َوق َو ُك ا َو إِك ْكفايػَوَو ْك ااآيَو ًنايػُك ْكع ِك ُك‬
‫ضواا َو يػَو ُكقواُكوااس ْكحٌ ُك‬
‫ام ْك َو ِكق اا‬ ‫َو ْك َووا َو ُك ْكما ۚ ا َو ُكك ُّا ْكَوم ٍء ُك‬
54:1-3 The Hour (of Judgment) is near and the moon had split.
But when they see a sign, they turn away saying, “This is
lasting magic.” They rejected (the warning) and followed their
(own) lusts and every matter has its appointed time.
Revelation of the splitting of the moon as a sign of fast-
approaching doomsday is an important warning to mankind.
The moon had split during the time of Prophet Muhammad and
people had seen the portent but they ignored and rejected this
warning. This is what we learn from the Quranic verses. No
more information about the event is available in the Quran.
However, since the moon continues to exist even now, there
should be some tell-tale signature of the split left on the moon.
Pictures taken by NASA‟s lunar missions have clearly
indicated crack on the surface of the moon (Fig. 4.1).
Fig. 4.1. Crack on Moon‟s surface

Source: www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/shrinking-moon.html.
Accessed June 22, 2012.
In the light of the Quranic revelation, the crack can be

identified as the left-over mark of the split. The NASA
scientists however give hypothetical explanations. An
explanation given to the crack seen on the moon‟s surface in an

image from NASA‟s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter reads thus:
“Over geological time, as the lunar interior cooled and
contracted, the moon‟s radius shrank by about 100 m. As a
result its brittle crust ruptured and thrust faults (compression)
formed distinctive landforms known as lobate scarps. In a
particularly dramatic example, a thrust fault pushed crustal
materials (arrows) up the side of the farside impact crater
named Gregory (2.1 0N, 128.1 0E). By mapping the distribution
and determining the size of all lobate scarps, the tectonic and
thermal history of the moon can be reconstructed over the past
billion years.” [8]. These explanations are too imaginary to be
true. It is impossible to find out the actual cause of the crack by
examining samples taken from the moon‟s surface and from
the spectral data and images. It is also not possible to
reconstruct with any degree of credibility the events occurred
on the moon over the past billion years. The crack seen on the
lunar surface in the pictures provides convincing proof of the
Quranic revelation of the split that occurred some fourteen
hundred years ago.
f) Velocity of light
Egyptian physicist Mansour Hassab El Naby had
computed the speed of light from certain revelations in the
Quran using sidereal month calendar system and speed of the
moon.

moon; each moves along a path.
‫با‬
residences (orbits) to enable you to know the number of years

and for computation (of time). Allah had not created it except
with truth. He explains the signs for people who understand.
‫اسَو ٍء ِكاِمَّز ا َوػ ُكع ُّ َوفا‬ ‫اّتَّزايػع جاإِكاَو ِكه ِكآتايػوٍءـ َو ِك‬
‫اك َوفام ْكق َو ُكارهُكا َواْك َو َو‬ ‫ض ُك َو ْك ُك ُك ْك َو ْك‬ ‫ااْل ْكَومَو ِكام َو ااا َّز َو ِك اإِك َوَل ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫يُك َو ػِّلُك ْك‬
32:5 He directs the affair from the sky to the earth. Later it
will go up to Him on a day whose length is a thousand years of
your reckoning.
These revelations indicate that the „affair‟ (amr in Arabic)

mentioned travels in a day a distance equivalent to the distance
covered by the moon in 1000 years or 12000 months.
C.t = 12000.L (where C is the speed of the „affair‟, t is time in
a day, L is the route length of the moon‟s trip in one month)
In sidereal system based on the relative motion of the moon
and the sun to the star in universe:
1 day = 23 h 56 min 4.0906 s (where h is hour, min is minutes,
s is second)
= 86164.0906 s
1 month = 27.321661 days
Now consider the moon‟s route during one sidereal month,
which will be a curvature of length L.
L = v.T (where v is the relative speed of the moon to the star in
universe, T is the period of the moon in revolution, which is
equal to 27.321661 days or 655.71986 h)
The angle A it makes for the curvature length L = 27.321661 x
360o / 365.25636 = 26.92848o
v = ve.Cos A (where ve is relative speed of the moon to Earth,
which is 3682.07 km/h)
From these:
C.t = 12000(ve.Cos A)T
C = 12000(ve.Cos A)T/t
C = 12000 x 3682.07 x 0.89157 x 655.71986 / 86164.0906
C = 299792.5 km/s
The speed of the „affair‟ C so arrived at is equivalent to the
speed of light, which is well established in science. In this way
speed of light could be calculated from the Quranic revelations
[9]. Considering amr (Q. 32:5) as Allah‟s command
(information), it is also possible to interpret that information
travels at the speed of light between the sky and Earth. In other
words, information is transmitted in the form of
electromagnetic radiation.
g) Structural geology of Earth’s interior

The Quran reveals to us that the earth has been
stratified into seven layers as in the case of cosmic space.
‫ااْل ْكَومُك ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه َّز ااِكَوػ ْكعَو ُك واا َّز‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَوا‬ ‫ض ِكامثْكػَو ُكه َّز ايػَوَوػَوػَّز ُكؿ ْك‬ ‫اتا َو ِكم َو ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫اْس ٍء‬
‫اسْك َوع َوَو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ااَّزهُكاااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياخَو َوق َو‬
‫ٍء ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اك ِّلا َو ٍء ا َو ِكيٌ ا َو َّز‬
‫َوح َوطا ُك ِّلا َو ْك ا ْك ًن‬ ‫َوفاااَّزهَوا َو ْك ا َو‬ ‫َو َو ٰى ُك ْك‬
65:12 (It is) Allah who created seven skies and similarly from
the earth. (Allah‟s) command descends into their midst to make
it known to you that Allah has power over all things and that
Allah indeed encompasses all things in (His) knowledge.
Earth can be distinguished into seven layers from the outer
crust to the inner core (Fig. 4.2). These are: 1) Crust 0- 40 km,
2) Upper mantle 40- 400 km, 3) Transition region 400- 650
km, 4) Lower mantle 650-2700 km, 5) D” layer 2700-2890 km,
6) Outer core 2890-5150 km, and 7) Inner core 5150-6378 km
[10, 11]. The earth has distinct outer and inner core. The outer
layer is chemically distinct silicate solid crust below which lies
a highly viscous solid mantle.
The scientific literature however indicates differences
in the characterization and stratification of the earth‟s interior
[12]. One finds differences in the boundaries defined,
overlapping of the boundaries between layers, description of

the strata, etc. Studying the structural geology of Earth‟s
interior down to thousands of kilometers is not an easy task and
not a direct one either. Further, the data are collected from
indirect observations [12]. Given these difficulties and the
indirect methods involved, it is not surprising to find
differences in the interpretations made and the conclusions
drawn from the studies.
Fig. 4.2. Diagrammatic representation of the structural organization of Earth

in seven layers
Source: http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/inside.html
For example, the interior of the earth (from the surface

downwards) has been divided into four component layers
namely lithosphere (0-60 km), mantle (35-2890 km), outer core
(2890-5100 km) and inner core (5100-6378 km). Lithosphere is
subdivided into crust (0-35 km) and upper mantle (35-60 km)
and mantle is shown to have a stratum (100-700 km) called
asthenosphere [13]. Another study [12] indicated division of
the interior into three shells namely, lithosphere, asthenosphere
and mesosphere. Another stratification suggested included

three divisions namely, crust, upper mantle and lower mantle.
Ultimately boundaries were set for seven layers namely crust
(0-10 km), Mohorovicic discontinuity (10-70 km), depth of
compensation (30-130 km), 20o discontinuity (approximately
410 km), seismicity cutoff (approximately 670 km), vp
gradient change (approximately 2700 km) and core-mantle
boundary (2886 km). None of these goes against the Quranic
revelation. All these studies confirm stratification of the
interior of the earth. The differences are only in the number of
strata specified. The Quran gives us the true information on
this (i.e., seven strata) and our understanding of Earth should
be consistent with it. This is one of those areas where the
Quran can be applied to correct scientific interpretations.
Verse 65:12 is often misunderstood as conveying there
are seven earths as there are seven skies. But what can be
scientifically understood from the message “(It is) Allah who
created seven skies and similarly from the earth” is that the
revelation is pertaining to the stratification of the sky and
Earth. According to the Quran Allah created Earth first. Then
the sky (the cosmic space surrounding Earth) was smoke,
which was subsequently stratified into seven layers (see Q.
2:29, 41:12, 67:3 discussed later). Verse 65:12 must be seen in
this light. It conveys that as the sky is stratified into seven
layers, the earth is also stratified into seven layers. In other
words, there are only one Earth and one sky (cosmic space
surrounding Earth); both are stratified into seven layers (Fig.
4.3).
h) The shrinking Earth
The Quran reveals to us about the shrinking of the
earth.
‫اٗم ُك م َواَلامعقِّلب ِك‬
‫اْلُك ْك ِك ِكها ۚ ا َو ُك َووا‬ ‫ِك ۚ َّز‬ ‫ااْلَورضااػَوْكػ ُكق ِك‬
‫َوَو َوَلْكايػَوَو ْك اا َواَّز ااَوأْكِكِت ْك ْك َو ُك‬
‫ل َوه ام ْك ا َوطْكَواف َوه ا ا َواا هُك َوْك ُك ُك َو َو‬
‫ب‬ ‫يع ْك‬ ‫َوس ِك ُك‬
13:41 Do they not see that We certainly shrink the earth from
its boundaries? Allah decrees. There is none to delay His
verdict. And He is swift in calling to account.
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتاطَو َوؿا َو َوْك ِكه ُكماااْك ُكع ُك ُك ا ۗ ا َوفَو َوَلايػَوَو ْك َوفا َواَّز ااَوأْكِكِت ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل َوه ا‬
‫ضااػَوْكػ ُكق ُك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫ام ػ ْكَّزعَو ا ٰىَو ُكَوَل ا َوآ َو َو ُك ْكم َو‬
‫ِكم ْك ا َوطْكَوافِك َوه ا ۚ ا َوفَوػ ُكه ُكماااْكغَو اِكُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
21:44 We gave the good things of this life to these people and
their fathers until they had a prolonged life. Then do they not
see We are gradually shrinking the earth from its various
sectors? Are they then the victors?
Fig. 4.3. Stratified organization of Earth and sky based on the Quran
Note: Both Earth and sky are stratified into seven layers one above the
other. The widths of strata shown in the diagram are arbitrary.
This aspect has been ascertained by the studies

conducted by Vyacheslav Orlenok, professor of geology at the
Kant Russian State University in Kaliningrad [14]. He has been

concentrating in studies relating to the formation of Earth‟s
crust and oceans during the past thirty years. His studies
indicated that the radius of the earth has now reduced by 585
km. The estimated original radius of the earth was 6956 km.
Over the eons, this shrinking process has caused reduction of
the earth‟s surface by 128 million square kilometers. The
shrinking is a major factor in tectonic processes. The reduction
of size was explained as due to gravitational forces and the loss
of mass caused by the sun‟s radiation blowing away hydrogen
atoms from the earth‟s atmosphere.
There are however theories in science that go against
this report. Alternate theory of expanding Earth also exists.
Nevertheless, all those theories should be discarded and the
theory of shrinking Earth should be accepted as it is the truth
revealed by the Creator. The work of Vyacheslav Orlenok
confirms that.
i) Fixation of mountains like pegs

The Quran reveals to us that the mountains are fixed on
the earth as pegs to prevent shaking or tilting.
‫اْلِكَو َوؿا َوْك َو ًنداا‬
‫ض ِكام َوه ًنداا َو ْك‬ ‫اّم َوع ِك ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫َوَلْك َوْك‬
‫َو‬
78:6-7 Have We not made the earth a vast expanse and the
mountains as pegs?
‫ض َوارَو ِكاس َو ا ْكَوف َواَتِك َو ا ِك ُك ْكما‬ ‫اتا ِكغَو ْكِك ا َو َو ٍءا َوػَو ْك اػَو َوه ا ۖ ا َو َواْك َوق ٰى ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫خَوقااا َّز ِك‬
‫َو َو َو َو‬
31:10 “He created the skies without any visible pillar and He
fixed on the earth nails (mountains), lest it would tilt with
you…”
‫ض َوارَو ِكاس َو ا ْكَوف َواَتِك َو ِكاِبِك ْكما‬ ‫َو َوج َوع ْكَو ِكآت ْك‬
21:31 “And We have made (mountains) firmly fixed on the
earth to prevent its tilting with them….”
‫ض َوارَو ِكاس َو ا ْكَوف َواَتِك َو ا ِك ُك ْكما‬ ‫َو َواْك َوق ٰى ِكآت ْك‬
16:15 “And He has established on the earth (mountains)

standing firm lest it (Earth) should tilt with you….”
The firmly rooted formation of the mountains is now
widely accepted. The mountains are not just protrusions on the
Earth‟s surface but have subterraneous extensions that anchor
them firmly. Mountains also function as stabilizers. Peter
Molnar, Professor of Geological Sciences, University of
Colorado at Boulder, in a paper published in Scientific
American wrote: “What holds mountains up? Some stand on
plates of strong rock; others are buoyed by crustal roots
reaching deep into the mantle. The latter may collapse when
their flanks are not pushed together.” [15]. The study gives
confirmatory evidence for the Quranic description of
mountains as pegs on Earth.
Zaghloul El-Naggar, professor of earth science and
geology is well-known for his research work in this area. Being
a geologist, he has explained the Quranic verses on the
formation of mountains on the earth. The following account
was taken from his website [16].
“The modern theory of plate tectonics holds that mountains act
as anchorages for the earth‟s crust. The crust is broken up into
several tectonic plates through cracks that range from 65 to 150
kilometers in depth; there are about 12 large plates and several
small ones. These plates, which contain the world‟s continents
and oceans, float on hot, semi-molten material, drifting and
bumping against one another. Movement between the plates
occurs along a relatively narrow zone where plate tectonic
forces are most active i.e. in a weak zone of the earth‟s crust.
Thus the movement of those plates floating on molten magma
coupled with the Earth‟s movement around itself amount to a
lot of force.
In addition, as the ocean basin grows as the sea floor
spreads, the magma injected at the line of divergence creates a
new mountain range called a mid-oceanic ridge. Thus, the only
factor that limits the ferocity of the movement of the plates are
the mountains that act as definite stabilizers for the earth‟s
crust, safeguarding the continents and oceans from constantly
running into each other and not only does it decrease their
velocity, it also regulates their movement!
Modern earth sciences have proven that mountains have
deep roots under the surface of the ground and that these roots
are several times their elevation above the surface of the Earth.
We can thus safely conclude that the Qur‟an‟s description is
accurate; the mountains are actually pegs in the earth‟s weakest
zones to anchor it firmly in the same way that we use anchors
to firmly pin ships to the ground.”
This account of the current understanding of the formation of
mountains and their role in stabilizing the tectonic plates is
consistent with the Quranic revelations.
j) Sperm – the decider of sex in human beings

‫اك َوفا َو َو َوق ًنافَو َوخَو َوقافَو َو َّزو ٰى ا‬ ‫مْك َو ٰىَن ُك‬ٙ‫ام ِك ٍّ ُكا‬
‫اّتَّز َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوٗم ب ْكِك‬
‫َوَلْكايَو ُك ااُكطْك َوف ًنام ْك َو‬
‫اس ًن ا َو‬ ‫ااْلاْك َو ُكفا ْكَوفايػُكْكػَو َوؾ ُك‬ ‫َوْك َو ُك‬
‫فَو َوج َوع ِكامْكهُكاااَّز ْك َوج ْك ِك َّز‬
‫اااذ َوكَو ا َو ْكاْلُكاْكػثَو ٰى اا‬ ‫َو‬
75:36-39 Does man think that he will be left free? Was he not a
drop of sperm emitted? Then he became an embryo; then He
designed and shaped him in due proportion. And from it (i.e.,
sperm drop) He made two mates – male and female.
‫اااذ َوكَو ا َو ْكاْلُكاْكػثَو ٰى ِكام ْك ااُكطْك َوف ٍءاإِك َوذ ُك‬

‫ااَتْك َو ٰىَناا‬ ‫اخَو َوقاااَّز ْك َوج ْك ِك َّز‬
‫َو َواَّزهُك َو‬
53:45-46 That He created the two spouses – the male and the
female – from a drop of (semen) when it is emitted.
These verses reveal that it is the sperm that decides the sex of
the human individual. This is a well-established scientific fact.
Human beings have 22 pairs of chromosomes called autosomes
and one pair called sex chromosomes [17]. The female has two
X chromosomes and male has one X and one Y chromosomes.
That is XX combination determines the femaleness and XY
combination determines the maleness. Altogether there are 46

chromosomes present in the somatic (2n) cell of the body.
During gametogenesis, the cell undergoes meiosis leading to
the production of four cells with half the number of
chromosomes (n). Each of these cells is a gamete with 22
autosomes and one sex chromosome. The sex chromosome of
the male gamete may be either X or Y whereas female egg
(ovum) can have only X chromosome. During fertilization (i.e.,
fusion of male sperm with female egg) the male sperm supplies
either X or Y but female egg supplies only X chromosome. The
zygote (i.e., the fertilized egg) formed from the fusion of a
sperm carrying X chromosome with female egg will have XX
combination and it develops into female foetus. The zygote
formed from the fusion of sperm carrying Y chromosome with
female egg will have XY combination and it develops into
male foetus. Thus it is the male sperm that determines the sex
of the baby.
k) Human embryology
The Quran gives a detailed account of the development
of human foetus following the formation of zygote.
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوع ِكـ َواْثَو اِكَو َوا ْكَوزَو ٍءاجا ۚ ا‬
‫اج َوع َو ِكامْكػ َوه َوازْك َوج َوه ا َو َواْكػَو َوؿااَو ُك ْكم ِكام َو ْك‬ ‫اح َو ةٍء ُك‬
‫اّتَّز َو‬
‫سا ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوخَو َوق ُك ْكمام ْك ااػَو ْكف ٍء َو‬
‫ثا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك ُك ُكماااَّزهُك َوارُّ ُك ْكمااَوهُكا‬ ‫تاثَوَوَل ٍء‬‫وفا َّزُكمه ِك ُك ماخ ْك ًنق ِكام ا ػع ِكاخ ْك ٍءق ِكآتاظُكُك ٍء‬
‫َو‬ ‫ْك َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو٘مْكُك ُكق ُك ْكم ِكآتا ُكطُك َو ْك َو‬
‫لَوفُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ااْك ُك ْك ُك ا ۖ َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َووا ۖ افَوأ َّزٰى‬
‫َوَّنا ُك ْك‬
39:6 He created you (all) from a single soul (nafs); then He
created from it its mate; and he sent down from the cattle eight
pairs; He develops you in your mothers‟ wombs in stages one
after another in three veils of darkness. That is Allah – your
Lord; to Him belongs (all) dominion. There is no God but He;
then how do you get misled (from the truth)?
‫ضغَو ًنافَو َوخَو ْكقَو ا‬

‫ام ْك‬
‫اخَو ْكقَو اااُّطْك َوف َوا َو َو َوق ًنافَو َوخَو ْكقَو اااْك َوعَو َوق َو ُك‬ ‫ام ِك ٍء ُك‬
‫اّتَّز َو‬ ‫اج َوع ْكَو هُكااُكطْك َوف ًن ِكآتا َوػَو ٍءار َو‬
‫ُكّتَّز َو‬
‫ۚ افَوػَوَو َورَوؾاااَّزهُكا ْك‬
‫َوح َو ُك ا‬ ‫اآخَو ا‬ ‫اخ ْك ًنق َو‬ ‫اّتَّزا َواْك َو أْكاَو هُك َو‬ ‫ضغَو َوا ِكظَو ًنم افَو َو َو ْكواَو اااْكعِكظَو َوـ َو‬
‫اْلْك ًن ُك‬ ‫ااْك ُك ْك‬
‫اْلَو اِكِكق َوا‬
‫ْك‬
23:13-14 Then We placed him as drop (zygote) in a safe place.
Then We transformed the drop (zygote) into a clot of
congealed blood; then We transformed that clot into a lump of
flesh; then we transformed that flesh into bones and clothed the
bones with flesh; then We developed it into another creation
(i.e., from zygote to human being). So blessed be Allah, the
best of creators!
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬

‫ل َورا َو ْكاْلَوفْكئ َو ةَوا ۚ ا َو ًنَل َو‬
‫ام ا‬ ‫اس َّزواهُكا َو اػَو َوف َوخاف هام ْك ُكار حها ۖ ا َو َوج َوع َوااَو ُك ُكمااا َّز ْك َوعا َو ْكاْلَوْك َو‬
‫َو ْك ُك ُك َواف‬
32:9 Then He fashioned him (Adam) in due proportion and
breathed into him from His rooh. And He made for you
hearing, sight and mental faculties. Little thanks it is you give!
‫اّتَّز ِكام ْك ا‬
‫اّتَّز ِكام ْك ااُكطْك َوف ٍء ُك‬
‫اب ُك‬ ‫اخَو ْكقَو ُككم ِكام ا ُكػ ٍء‬
‫ْك ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫اكْك م ِكآتاري ٍء ِك‬
‫بام َو اااْكَوػ ْكعثافَوِكإاَّز َو‬ ‫ساإِك ْكف ُك ُك ْك َو ْك‬ ‫يَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّز ُك‬
‫َوج ٍء ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اُمَوَّز َوق ٍءااِكُك ػ ِّل َو ااَو ُك ما ۚ ا اُكِكقُّ ِكآت ْك ِك‬ ‫اُمَوَّز َوق ٍءا َو َو ْكِك ُك‬
‫ضغَو ٍء ُك‬ ‫َو َوق ٍء ُك ِك‬
‫ام ااَو َو ُكاإ َو ٰىَلا َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور َوح ـ َو‬ ‫ْك َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ام ْك‬ ‫اّتَّزام ْك ُك‬ ‫َو‬
‫ام ْك ايػُكَو ُّداإِك َو ٰىَلا ْكَورذَو ِكؿا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اط ْكف ًنَل ُك ِك‬ ‫آمْك ِكج ُك م ِك‬
‫اّتَّزااَوْكػُكغُكواا َو ُك َّز ُكك ْكما ۖ ا َو مْك ُك ْكم َو‬
‫ام ْك ايػُكَوػ َوو َّزٰىْتا َو مْك ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫اّتَّز ُك ُك ْك‬ ‫ُكم َو ًّ ُك‬
‫ضا َو ِكم َو ةًنافَوِكإذَواا َواْكػَواْكَو ا َو َوْكػ َوه اااْك َو َوا‬ ‫ااْك ُكع ُك ِك ااِك َو ْك َوَلايػَو ْكعَو َوم ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِكا ِك ْك ٍءما َو ْكئًن ا ۚ ا َو َوػَو ْك‬
‫اِبِك يٍءا‬ ‫ت ِكام ْك ُك‬
‫اك ِّل َوازْك ٍءج َو‬ ‫تا َو َواْكػَوَو ْك‬ ‫تا َو َورَو ْك‬
‫ا ْك َوػَّز ْك‬
22:5 O mankind! If you are in doubt about the resurrection,
(consider) that We created you from dust, then out of (sperm)
drop, then out of a leech-like clot, then out of a morsel of flesh,
partly developed and partly undeveloped; (that is) to make it
clear to you (Our power). And We retain in the wombs
whatever We wish for a fixed term; then We bring you out
(from the womb) as baby, then (We foster you) to reach your
full development. And some of you die (early in their life) and
some are brought to the feeblest old age so that they know
nothing after having known (much). And you see the earth
parched (and lifeless), but when We pour down rain on it, it
stirs and swells, and it (causes) all kinds of wonderful pairs (of
plants) to germinate (and grow).
‫ِك‬
‫اْس ع ا ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل ًنا‬ ‫ااْلاْك َو َوفام ْك ااُكطْك َوف ا ْكَوم َو ٍءجااػَوْكَو هافَو َوج َوع ْكَو هُك َو ًن َو‬ ‫إِكاَّز َو‬
‫اخَو ْكقَو ْكِك‬
76:2 Verily We created man from a mixed drop in order to
test him. So We gave him faculties of hearing and sight.
Prof. Keith Moore published a special edition of his
embryology textbook in the early 1980s in which he discussed
the Quranic revelations about the development of human
embryo [4]. He said he was “astonished by the accuracy of the
statements that were recorded in the 7th century AD, before the
science of embryology was established.” [18]. Excerpts from
his article published in 1986 are presented here [19].
Illustrations are given in Fig. 4.4.
“He makes you in the wombs of your mothers in stages, one
after another, in three veils of darkness.” This statement is from
verse 39:6. “The three veils of darkness” may refer to: (l) the
anterior abdominal wall; (2) the uterine wall; and (3) the
amniochorionic membrane. Although there are other
interpretations of this statement, the one presented here seems
the most logical from an embryological point of view.”
“Then We placed him as a drop in a place of rest.” This
statement is from verse 23:13. The drop or nutfah is generally
translated as sperm or spermatozoon. According to Moore, “a
more meaningful interpretation would be the zygote which
divides to form a blastocyst which is implanted in the uterus
(“a place of rest”). This interpretation is supported by another
verse in the Qur‟an which states that “a human being is created
from a mixed drop.” The zygote forms by the union of a
mixture of the sperm and the ovum (“The mixed drop”).” The
Quranic verse that states man is created from a mixed drop is
76:2.
“Then We made the drop into a leech-like structure.” This

statement is from verse 23:14. “The word “alaqah” refers to a
leech or bloodsucker. This is an appropriate description of the
human embryo from days 7-24 when it clings to the
endometrium of the uterus, in the same way that a leech clings
to the skin. Just as the leech derives blood from the host, the
human embryo derives blood from the decidua or pregnant
endometrium. It is remarkable how much the embryo of 23-24
days resembles a leech (Fig. 4.4a). As there were no
microscopes or lenses available in the 7th century, doctors
would not have known that the human embryo had this leech-
like appearance. In the early part of the fourth week, the
embryo is just visible to the unaided eye because it is smaller
than a kernel of wheat.
“Then of that leech-like structure, We made a chewed lump.”
This statement is also from verse 23:14. The Arabic word
“mudghah” means “chewed substance or chewed lump.”
Toward the end of the fourth week, the human embryo looks
somewhat like a chewed lump of flesh (Fig. 4.4b). The chewed
appearance results from the somites which resemble teeth
marks. The somites represent the beginnings or primordia of
the vertebrae.
“Then We made out of the chewed lump, bones, and clothed
the bones in flesh.” This continuation of the verse 23:14
indicates that “out of the chewed lump stage, bones and
muscles form. This is in accordance with embryological
development. First the bones form as cartilage models and then
the muscles (flesh) develop around them from the somatic
mesoderm.”
“Then We developed out of it another creature.” This next part
of verse 23:14 implies that “the bones and muscles result in the
formation of another creature. This may refer to the human-like
embryo that forms by the end of the eighth week. At this stage
it has distinctive human characteristics and possesses the
primordia of all the internal and external organs and parts.
After the eighth week, the human embryo is called a fetus. This
may be the new creature to which the verse refers.”
(a)
(b)
Fig. 4.4. Stages in human embryo development

(a) Top, a drawing of leech and below, a drawing of a 24-day old human
embryo. (b) Left, a plasticine model of the human embryo, which has the
appearance of chewed flesh. Right, a drawing of a 28-day old human
embryo showing several bead-like somites that resemble the teeth marks in
the plasticine model.
Source: Moore, K.L. 1986. A Scientist's Interpretation of References to
Embryology in the Qur‟an. The Journal of the Islamic Medical Association,
Vol.18, Jan-June 1986, pp.15-16.
“And He gave you hearing and sight and feeling and

understanding.” This part of the verse 32:9 indicates that “the
special senses of hearing, seeing, and feeling develop in this
order, which is true. The primordia of the internal ears appear

before the beginning of the eyes, and the brain (the site of
understanding) differentiates last.”
“Then out of a piece of chewed flesh, partly formed and partly
unformed.” This part of verse 22:5 “seems to indicate that the
embryo is composed of both differentiated and undifferentiated
tissues. For example, when the cartilage bones are
differentiated, the embryonic connective tissue or mesenchyme
around them is undifferentiated. It later differentiates into the
muscles and ligaments attached to the bones.”
“And We cause whom We will to rest in the wombs for an
appointed term.” This next part of the verse 22:5 “seems to
imply that God determines which embryos will remain in the
uterus until full term. It is well known that many embryos abort
during the first month of development, and that only about
30% of zygotes that form, develop into fetuses that survive
until birth. This verse has also been interpreted to mean that
God determines whether the embryo will develop into a boy or
girl.”
This explains the Quranic revelations on embryology very
precisely indicating the validity and divinity of the Quran.
l) Production of honey in bees and its medicinal value

The Quran states that it is female honeybee that is
involved in honey making and sheds light on the organ in the
body of the female honeybee that produces honey. The Quran
also indicates the usefulness of honey as medicine.
‫اكِك ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫يام ْكِك ِك‬ ‫ِك َّزِك ِك ِك‬
‫اّتَّز ُك‬ ‫َّزج ِك ا َوِمَّز ايػَو ْكع ِك ُك َو‬
‫وف ُك‬ ‫ااْلَو ؿا ػُكُكوًن ا َو م َو ااا َو‬ ‫َّزح ِك ا َوفااَّتذ َو‬ ‫َو َوْك َوح ٰى َوارُّ َو اإِك َوَلااا ْك‬
‫اُمْكَوِك ٌ ا َواْك َووااُكهُكافِك ِكها ِك َوف ٌا‬
‫اب ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اتافَو سُك ِك اس ارِّل ِك اذُكاُك ًنَلا ۚ َو ِك‬
ٌ ‫ا٘مْكُك ُكجام ْك ا ُكطُكوِنَو ا َو َو‬ ‫ُك ُك َو َو‬ ‫ْك‬
‫ُكك ِّلاااثَّز ِك‬
‫َو َو‬
‫َّز‬ ‫ٍء‬
‫اِك َّز ِكسا ۗ اإفآتاذَوا َو َواْليَو ًناا َوق ْكوـايػَوَوػ َوف ُك َوفاا‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬
16:68-69 And your Lord instructed the honeybee to build hives
in the mountains, on trees, and in man‟s high structures; then to
eat from all kinds of produce and freely enter the paths of your
Lord. A drink of varying colours comes out of their stomachs;
in it is healing for mankind. Verily in this is a sign for people
who think.
The Quranic revelation that “Allah instructed the
honeybee” indicates that the information on building hives,
preparations for honey making, the mechanism, etc., is
available in its biosoftware. It is true that every organism
functions in accordance with its biosoftware (biological
program). However cases like honeybee are specially
mentioned in the Quran to make us think. This is also pointed
out at the end of the verses quoted above. As we know the
honeybee is a marvelous creation, a wonder to human mind.
The information given in the Quranic verses about the
honey is scientifically valid. Honeybee colony comprises three
castes namely, the queen bee, the worker bees, and the drones
(idle bees). The queen and worker bees are females while
drones are males. It is important to note that the use of the
Arabic word “attakhithi” in the verse 16:68 indicates that it is
female bee involved in the production of honey. This is true as
it is worker bees that make honey.
The worker bees collect the liquid nectar from flowers
by drinking it through its straw-like proboscis (mouth part).
About 80% of the nectar is water. The nectar goes into a
special stomach called the honey stomach for storage. Inside
the honey stomach, the complex sugars of the nectar are broken
down into simpler sugars by specific enzymes. Once the honey
stomach is full, the worker bee returns to its hive and
regurgitates the modified nectar into the mouth of a younger
worker bee in the hive. The hive bee ingests the sugary offering
and further breaks down the sugars. It then regurgitates the
inverted nectar into a cell of the honeycomb. To bring down
the water content of the regurgitated material, the hive bees
flutter their wings vigorously fanning the nectar to evaporate
water. This makes honey viscous as the water content comes
down to 14-18%. Following that, the hive bee caps the

beeswax cell containing honey for consumption later during
seasons when food is in short supply. The color and flavor of
honey vary depending on the nectar source (flowers).
Scientific evaluation of the honey particularly its
therapeutic value has been made only recently. More than 95%
of the solids in honey are carbohydrates, a highly complex
mixture of sugars that are readily digestible. Many of these are
not present in the nectar but are formed during storage in the
honey stomach of the bee. The honey is acidic (pH 3.2-4.5), the
predominant acid being gluconic acid. Honey contains a
number of amino acids and several enzymes predominantly
invertase, glucose oxidase, amylase, catalyse, and phosphatase.
The honey is a good bactericidal agent though its cause
is not clearly understood. The bactericidal property makes it
very effective in the treatment of gastroenteritis. Anaemia
could also be corrected by treatment with honey. Gastric ulcers
have been successfully treated using honey as a dietary
supplement. Honey is an effective treatment of wounds as it is
non-toxic, non-irritating, self-sterile, bactericidal, nutritive,
easily applied and more comfortable than other dressings.
Honey was also found to be a suitable sweetener for the type II
diabetic diet [20]. Studies have also shown that besides having
antibacterial action, honey has several other beneficial effects
on the wound healing process. It gives rapid autolytic
debridement and deodorising of wounds, and stimulates the
growth of wound tissues thus hastening healing and starting the
healing process in dormant wounds. It also provides a moist
healing environment for wound tissues with no risk of
maceration of surrounding skin, and completely prevents
adherence of dressings to the wound bed so that there is no
pain and no tissue damage when dressings are changed [21].
All these confirm scientific validity of the Quranic revelations
on the production and medicinal value of honey.
m) Destruction of ancient civilizations

Apart from the revelations of natural phenomena that
are verifiable scientifically, the Quran also gives us
information on certain historical events particularly destruction
of earlier civilizations. The Quran draws our attention to the
fate of many civilizations that had established earlier on the
earth. They were destroyed by Allah for rejecting His
messages. A few of these cases are presented here. The
accounts reveal how and why they were destroyed.
‫اك َوفا َو ِكَو ُكاااْك ُك َو ِّلذ ِك َو ا ٰىَو َوذاا‬
‫ااكْك َو َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ضافَو اْكظُكُك َو‬ ‫اآت ْك‬‫اسَو ٌ افَو ِك ِك‬
‫ُك‬
‫َو ْك اخَو ِك ِك‬
‫تام ْك ا َوػْك ُك ْكم ُك‬ ‫َو ْك‬
‫ػَوَو ٌفااِك َّز ِكسا َو ُك ًن ا َو َوم ْكو ِكظَو ٌااِكْك ُك ِكَّزق َو اا‬
3:137-138 Many ways of life (civilizations) have passed before
you. So, travel through the earth and see what was the end of
the rejecters. This is an account (conveyed) to mankind, a
guidance and instruction to those who fear Allah.
‫ِك ٰى ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اَو َوق ْك ا َورس ْكَو ااُك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ؼا‬ ‫َوخ ُك‬ ‫ام ااَو ُك ْكمام ْك اإِكاَوها َوْكػُكهُكاإِك ِّلِّنا َو‬ ‫وح اإ َو ٰىَلا َوػ ْكومهافَوػ َوق َوؿايَو ا َوػ ْكوـاا ْك ُك ُك ااااَّزهَو َو‬ ‫ًن‬ ‫ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫اض َوَل ٍءؿ ُك ِك ٍء‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬
‫سا‬‫ام ا َو َوؿايَو ا َوػ ْكوـااَوْك َو‬ ‫ابايػَو ْكوـا َوظ ٍءما َو َوؿاااْك َو َوْلُكام ْك ا َوػ ْكومهاإِكاَّز ااَوَوػَو َواؾ ِكآت َو‬ ‫َو َوْك ُك ْكما َو َوذ َو‬
‫ل ُكحااَو ُك ْكما َو َو ْك َو ُكم ِكام َو ا‬ ‫باااْكع اَو ِك ا ُك ػِّلغُك ُك م ِك ِك‬ ‫ِكِباض َوَلاَو ٌا ٰىاَو ِك ِّل ارس ٌ ِك‬
‫ار َوس َوَلت َوارِّلِبا َو َواْك َو‬ ‫وؿام ْك َوار ِّل َو َو َو ْك‬ ‫َو ُك‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اج َو ُكك ْكماذ ْككٌ ام ْك َوارِّل ُك ْكما َو َو ٰى َوار ُكج ٍء امْك ُك ْكمااُكػْكذ َورُكك ْكما َو اَو ػ ُك‬
‫َّزقواا‬ ‫وفا َوَو َوجْكُك ْكما ْكَوف َو‬ ‫ام َواَلا َوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬ ‫ااَّزه َو‬
‫اك َّزذ ُكواا ِكآيَو ِكَو ا ۚ ا‬ ‫ام َوعهُك ِكآتاااْك ُكف ْك ِك ا َو َو ْك َو ْكػَو اااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفافَو َو َّزذ ُكوهُكافَوأ ْكَوّمَوْكػَو هُكا َوااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫َو اَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما ُكػ ْك َوُك َو‬
‫اك اُكواا َوػ ْكوًنم ا َو ِك َو اا‬ ‫إِكا ُكػَّزه ْكم َو‬
7:59-64 We sent Noah to his people. He said: O my people!
Worship Allah. You have no God besides Him. Verily, I am
afraid of punishment for you on a great Day (i.e., the Day of
Judgement). The big shots among his people said: Indeed we
see you in manifest error. He said: O my people! I am not in
error. Instead, I am an apostle from the Lord of the worlds! I
convey to you the messages of my Lord and I advise you
sincerely. And I know from Allah what you do not know. Are
you surprised to see a Reminder (i.e., the messages) coming
from your Lord through a man among you to warn you so that
you may fear Allah and receive His mercy? But they rejected
him. So We rescued him and those with him in the ship and We
drowned those who rejected My messages. Indeed they were a
blind people!
‫وفا َو َوؿا‬ ‫َّزق َو‬ ‫ام ااَو ُك ْكم ِكام ْك اإِكٰىاَو ٍءها َوْكػُكهُكا ۚ ا َوفَو َوَلا َوػ ػ ُك‬
‫وداا ۗ ا َو َوؿايَو ا َوػ ْكوـاا ْك ُك ُك ااااَّزهَو َو‬ ‫َوخ ُك ْكما ُك ًن‬ ‫َو إِك َو ٰىَلا َو دا َو‬
‫اس َوف َو ٍءا َو إِكاَّز ااَوَوظُكُّ َو ِكام َو اااْك َو ِكذ ِك َو ا َو َوؿايَو ا َوػ ْكوِكـا‬ ‫ااْك َوْلُكاااَّز ِكذي َو ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اك َوفُك اام ْك ا َوػ ْكومهاإاَّز ااَوَوػَو َواؾ ِكآت َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫باااْك َوع اَو َو ا ُكػَوِّلغُك ُك م ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬
‫ار َوس َوَلت َوارِّلِبا َو َواَو ااَو ُك ْكمااَو ص ٌحا‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫وؿام ْك َوار ِّل‬ ٌ ‫اس َوف َو ٌا َو اَو ِّل َوار ُكس‬ ‫س ِكاِب َو‬ ‫اَوْك َو‬
‫ۚ ا َواذْك ُككُك ااإِك ْكذا‬ ‫اذ ْككٌ ِكام ْك َوارِّل ُك ْكما َو َو ٰى َوار ُكج ٍء ِكامْك ُك ْكمااِكُكػْك ِكذ َورُكك ْكما‬ ‫ِكَوم ا َو ِكج ما ْكَوفاج ُككم ِك‬
‫ٌ َو َو ْكُك ْك َو َو ْك‬
‫ااآَل َواااَّز ِكهااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما‬ ‫ااْلَوْك ِكقا َو ْك طَو ًنا ۖ افَو ذْك ُككُك َو‬ ‫وحا َو َوز َواد ُكك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬ ‫اخَو َوف َو ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِكا َوػ ْكوِكـااُك ٍء‬ ‫َوج َوعَو ُك ْكم ُك‬
‫اك َوفايػَو ْكعُك ُك اآ َو ُكؤاَو ا ۖ افَوأْك ِكَو ِكاِبَو ا َوعِك ُك اَو اإِك ْكفا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ُكػ ْكفِك ُكح َو‬
‫ام َو‬‫وفا َو اُكواا َوجْكئَوػَو ااَوػ ْكعُك َو اااَّزهَوا َو ْكح َو هُكا َو اَو َوذ َور َو‬
‫َوْسَو ٍء ا‬
‫با ۖ ا ُكَوَتَو ِكداُكواَوِك ِكآتا ْك‬ ٌ‫ض‬ ‫سا َو َو َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫ااال د َو ا َو َوؿا َو ْك ا َو َو َوعا َو َوْك ُك ْكمام ْك َوارِّل ُك ْكمار ْكج‬
‫ُككْكت ِكام َّز ِك ِك‬
‫َو َو‬
‫ام َوع ُك ْكمام َو اااْك ُك ْكَوظ ِكي َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اس ْكطَو فا ۚ افَو اْكػَوظُك ااإ ِّلِّن َو‬ ‫ام ااػَوَّز َوؿاااَّزهُكاِبَو ام ْك ُك‬ ‫َوْسَّزْكُك ُك وَو ا َواْكػُك ْكما َوآ َو ُكؤُكك ْكم َو‬
‫اام ْك ِكمِك َو اا‬ ‫اك اُكو ُك‬ ‫اك َّزذ ُكواا ِكآيَو ِكَو ا ۖ ا َو َوم َو‬ ‫ادا ِكَو اااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬ ‫ٍء ِك‬
‫ام َوعهُكا ِكَو ْك َو امَّز ا َو َوطَو ْكعَو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫فَوأ ْكَوّمَوْكػَو هُكا َوااَّزذي َو َو‬
7:65-72 To the ‟Ad people, (We sent) their brother Hud. He
said: O my people! Worship Allah. You have no God besides
Him. Will you not fear (Allah)? The big shots from the
unbelievers among his people said: We see you stupid and we
think you are a liar. Hud said: O my people! I am not stupid.
Instead, I am an apostle from the Lord of the worlds. I convey
to you the messages of my Lord and I am a trustworthy adviser
to you. Are you surprised to see a Reminder (i.e., the
messages) coming from your Lord through a man among you
to warn you? And remember that He made you the successors
to the people of Noah and enhanced your physique. Therefore,
remember Allah‟s favours so that you may be successful. They
said: (O Hud!) Have you come to us to make us worship Allah
alone and abandon what our forefathers were worshipping?
Then bring us what you have promised us (i.e., punishment) if
you are telling truth. He said: Punishment and wrath from your
Lord are looming on you. Are you arguing with me over some
names which you and your forefathers have given to them (i.e.,
‫‪false gods). Allah has not sent any authentication for that. Then‬‬
‫‪wait; I will also wait with you. Thus We saved him and those‬‬
‫‪with him by Our mercy and We cut off the base of those who‬‬
‫‪rejected Our signs (messages). They were not believers.‬‬
‫ااسَوػ ْكع َوج ْكُك ْكما ِكِكها‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ام ْك‬ ‫ام ْك َوػ ْكقِك َوا َوْك ديَو ِكه ْكما َو اُكواا ٰىَو َوذاا َو ِكر ٌ‬
‫ض ُكاِمْكطُكاَو ا ۚ ا َو ْك ا ُك َوو َو‬ ‫ض ُك‬ ‫فَوػَو َّز َوارَوْك هُكا َو ِكر ًن‬
‫ام َو كِكُكػ ُكه ْكما ۚ ا‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ابا َواِك ٌما ُك َو ِّلمُك ُك‬ ‫ار ِك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ااَلايػُكَو ٰى اإَّزَل َو‬ ‫اك َّزا َو ْك ا ِكأ ْكَوم ِك َوارػِّل َوه افَوأ ْك‬
‫َوصَو ُكحو َو‬ ‫يحاف َوه ا َو َوذ ٌ‬ ‫ۖ ِك ٌ‬
‫اّم ِكياااْك َوق ْكوَوـاااْك ُك ْكج ِكِكم َو اا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوك ٰىَوذا َو َوْك‬
‫‪46:24-25 Then, when they saw the (penalty in the form of) a‬‬
‫‪cloud facing towards their valleys, they said, “This cloud will‬‬
‫‪give us rain”. Nay, it is the (punishment) you were hastening‬‬
‫‪about – a wind with a painful penalty! It destroys everything by‬‬
‫‪the command of its Lord! Thus by morning, nothing could be‬‬
‫‪found there except (the ruins of) their houses. That is how We‬‬
‫‪reward the guilty people.‬‬
‫ِك ِكٰى ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫إِك َو ٰىَل َواْثُكودا َوخ م ِك‬
‫اج َوْك ُك ْكما‬ ‫ام ااَو ُك ْكمام ْك اإاَوها َوْكػُكهُكا ۖ ا َو ْك َو‬ ‫اص ْلًن ا ۗ ا َو َوؿايَو ا َوػ ْكوـاا ْك ُك ُك ااااَّزهَو َو‬ ‫َو َو ُك ْك َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ضاااَّزها ۖ ا َوَوَل َواَتَو ُّ وَو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ػَوِّلػَو ٌام ْك َوارِّل ُك ْكما ۖ ا ٰىَو ذهااَو َو ُكاااَّزهااَو ُك ْكماآيَو ًنا ۖ افَو َوذ ُكر َو ا َوأْك ُكك ْك ِكآتا ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضا‬ ‫َوك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫اخَو َوف َو ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِكا َو ٍءدا َو ػَو َّزو ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك وٍء افَوػ أْكخ َوذ ُككما َوذ ِك‬
‫اج َوعَو ُك ْكم ُك‬ ‫ابا َوا ٌما َواذْك ُككُك ااإ ْكذ َو‬ ‫ُك َو ُك ْك َو ٌ‬
‫ااآَل َوااا ها َوَوَلا َوػ ْكعثَوػ ْكواآتا‬ ‫ۖ‬
‫ااْلَو َوؿا ػُكُكوًن ا افَو ذْك ُككُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وف ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل ًنوراا َو َوػْكحُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اس ُكهوَلَو ا ُك ُك‬ ‫َوػَّزخ ُكذ َوفام ْك ُك‬
‫اآم َو ِكامْكػ ُكه ْكما‬ ‫اام ا َوػوِكم ِكهااِكَّز ِكذي ااس ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ض ِك ِك‬
‫ضع ُكفوااا َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو ْك ُك ْك‬ ‫ااسَو ْك َوػُك ْك ْك‬ ‫ام ْكف ي َو ا َو َوؿاااْك َو َوْلُكاااَّزذي َو ْك‬ ‫ْكاْل ْكَور ِك ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ام ْك ِكمُك َو‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِكِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫َوف ِك‬
‫ااسَو ْك َوػُك اا‬ ‫وفا َو َوؿاااَّزذي َو ْك‬ ‫ام ْك َوس ٌام ْك َوارِّلها ۚ ا َو اُكوااإاَّز اِبَو ا ْكُكرس َوا ه ُك‬ ‫اص ْلًن ُك‬ ‫وفا َّز َو‬ ‫َوَوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬
‫اص اِك ُكحاائْكِكَو ِكاِبَو ا َوعِك ُك اَو ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك فُك َوفافَوػ َوع َوقُك ااااَّز َو َوا َو َوَوػ ْكواا َو ْك ا ْكَوم ِك َوارِّلِب ْكما َو َو اُكواايَو َو‬
‫إِكاَّز ا ِك اَّز ِكذياآمْك ما ِكِكه َو ِك‬
‫َو ُك ْك‬
‫اج ِكْثِك َو افَوػَوػ َووَّز ٰىَلا َوْكػ ُكه ْكما َو َو َوؿايَو ا‬ ‫اآت ِك‬
‫اد ِكار ْكم َو‬ ‫َوصَو ُكحو ِك َو‬ ‫َوخ َوذ ْكػ ُكه ُكماااَّز ْكج َوف ُكافَوأ ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫تام َو اااْك ُك ْك َوس َو افَوأ َو‬
‫اكْك ِك‬
‫إِك ْكف ُك َو‬
‫وفاااَّز ِكص ِكح َو اا‬ ‫تااَو ُك ْكما َو ٰىاَو ِك ْك َواَلا ُكِك ُّ َو‬ ‫ل ْكح ُك‬ ‫ار َوس اَو َو َوارِّلِبا َو اَو َو‬‫َوػ ْكوِكـااَو َوق ْك ا َوْكػَو ْكغُك ُك م ِك‬
‫ْك‬
‫‪7:73-79 To the Thamud people (We sent) their brother Salih.‬‬
‫‪He said: O my people! Worship Allah. You have no God‬‬
‫‪besides Him. An evidence has come to you from your Lord.‬‬
‫‪This she-camel of Allah is a sign to you. So leave her to graze‬‬
‫‪on Allah‟s earth and do no harm to her or a grievous‬‬
‫‪punishment will seize you. And remember He made you the‬‬
successors to the ‟Ad people and gave you settlement on the

land. You build mansions in its plains and carve out homes in
the mountains. So remember Allah‟s favours and do not go
about on the earth arrogantly creating troubles. The arrogant
bigwigs among his people asked those of the believing weaker
section: Do you really know that Salih is an apostle from his
Lord?” They said: “We indeed believe in what was sent
through him. The arrogant ones said: Indeed we will not
believe in what you believe. Then they (i.e., the arrogant ones)
killed the she-camel and defied the order of their Lord. And
they said: O Salih! Bring us then what you have promised us
(i.e., punishment), if you are an apostle. So the earthquake
seized them and by daybreak they lay (still) face down in their
homes! So Salih turned away from them saying: O my people!
I have indeed conveyed to you the message of my Lord and I
have also advised you (sincerely), but you did not like the
advisors.
‫وفا‬‫َوح ٍء ِكام َو اااْك َوع اَو ِك َو اإِكاَّز ُك ْكمااَوَوأْكُك َو‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اسَوػ َوق ُك ْكماِبَو ام ْك ا َو‬
‫ام َو‬
‫اُكوطًن اإِك ْكذا َو َوؿااِكَوقوِكم ِكها َوَوأْكُك َو ِك‬
‫وفاااْك َوف ح َو َو َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َو‬
‫َّز‬‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ابا َوػ ْكومهاإَلا ْكَوفا َو اُكواا‬ ‫ِك‬ ۚ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اج َوو َو‬ ‫اك َوف َو‬ ‫وفا َو َوم َو‬
‫ام ْك فُك َو‬
‫اد فاااِّل َو ا ا َو ْك ا َواْكػُك ْكما َوػ ْكوٌـ ُك‬ ‫ااِّل َوج َوؿا َو ْكه َووةًنام ْك ُك‬
‫ِك ِك ۖ ِك‬
‫سايػَوَوطَو َّزهُك َوفاا‬ ٌ ‫َوخ ِك ُكجوُك ْكمام ْك ا َوػ ْكيَو ُك ْكما اإا ُكػَّزه ْكما ُكاَو‬
‫ْك‬
7:80-82 We also (sent) Lut. He said to his people: Do you
commit lewdness such as no other people in the world had
done before you? You approach men instead of women (to
satisfy your sexual) appetite. You are a people transgressing all
bounds. And the response of his people was nothing but their
reply: “Drive them out of your city. They are indeed people
who want to be pure.”
‫ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك ِكِك‬
‫با‬ ٌ ‫ض َوؽاِب ْكماذَو ْكر ًن ا َو َو َوؿا ٰىَو َوذاايػَو ْكوٌـا َول‬ ‫ت ُكار ُكسُكَو ااُكوطًن اس َواِب ْكما َو َو‬ ‫اج َو ْك‬ ‫َو اَو َّز َو‬
‫ۚ ا َو َوؿايَو ا َوػ ْكوِكـا ٰىَو ُكَوَل ِك ا‬ ‫تا‬ ‫وفااا َّز ِّلئ ِك‬
‫اك اُكواايػَو ْكع َو ُك َو َو‬ ‫وفاإِكاَوْك ِكها َو ِكم ْك ا َوػْك ُك َو‬
‫َو َوج َوهُكا َوػ ْكوُكمهُكايػُك ْكهَو ُك َو‬
‫س ِكامْك ُك ْكم َوار ُكج ٌا‬ ۖ ‫اضْك ِكف ا‬ ‫اَّتْكُك ِكف ِكآت َو‬‫ػَوَو ِكِتا ُك َّز ا َوطْك َوهُك ااَو ُك ْكما ۖ افَو ػ ُكَّزقوااااَّزهَوا َوَوَل ُك‬
‫ا َواَوْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ااُكِكي ُك ا َو َوؿااَو ْكوا َّز‬
‫َوفا‬ ‫ام ااَوَو ِكآتا ػَوَو َو ام ْك َو‬
‫اح ٍّقا َو إاَّز َو ااَوَوػ ْكعَو ُكم َو‬ ‫ت َو‬ ‫َور ٌ ا َو اُكواااَو َوق ْك ا َو ْك َو‬
‫وطاإِكاَّز ارس ارِّل َو ااَو اي ِك‬

‫لُكوااإِكاَوْك َو ا‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ِكِلا ُك ْكما ُكػ َّزوًنةا َوْك اآ ِكياإ َو ٰىَل ُكارْكك ٍء ا َو ي ا َو اُكواايَو ااُك ُك ُك ُك ُك َو ْك َو‬
‫ۖ اإِكاَّزهُكا‬ ‫ۖ افَوأَوس ِك ا ِكأَو ِك َو ا ِكِكقطْك ٍءع ِكام اااَّز ِك ا َوَلايػ ْك ِكف ِك‬
‫َوح ٌ اإِكَّزَل ْك‬
‫اامَوَوَو َو ا‬ ‫تامْك ُك ْكما َو‬‫َو ْك َو َو َو ْك‬ ‫ْك ْك‬
‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااالْك ُكحا َوق ِكيبافَوػَو َّز َو‬
‫اج َوا‬ ‫س ُّ‬ ‫ۚ‬
‫ااالْك ُكحا ا َواَوْك َو‬
‫ام ْكو َو ُك ُكم ُّ‬ ‫َوص ػَو ُكه ْكما اإ َّزف َو‬
‫ۚ‬ ‫ام ا َو‬ ‫ُكمل ُكػ َوه َو‬
‫اس ِّلج ٍء امْكض ٍء‬
‫وداا‬ ‫احج رًنة ِكام ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوم اَو اجع ْك ا اِك ػه ِك‬
‫َو ُك‬ ‫اس فَو َوه ا َو ْكَومطَوْكاَو ا َو َوْكػ َوه َو َو ْك‬ ‫ْك ُك َو َو َو َو َو َو َو‬
‫‪11:77-82 When Our messengers (angels) came to Lut, he felt‬‬
‫)‪uneasy on their account and lacked the strength (to protect‬‬
‫‪them (from his homosexual people). He said: This is a hard‬‬
‫‪day. And his people came rushing towards him and they had‬‬
‫‪been long since doing evil deeds. Lut said: O my people! Here‬‬
‫!)‪are my daughters; they are the purest for you (if you marry‬‬
‫‪Fear Allah and do not disgrace me with regard to my guests! Is‬‬
‫‪there not a single right-minded man among you? They said:‬‬
‫‪Well, you know we have no need of your daughters and you‬‬
‫‪certainly know what we want. He said: How I wish I had the‬‬
‫‪power to (overwhelm) you or I could lean on to a strong‬‬
‫‪support! (The angels) said: O Lut! We are messengers from‬‬
‫‪your Lord! Those people will not get to you! You travel with‬‬
‫‪your family excepting your wife some time during night and let‬‬
‫‪not any of you look back. Certainly whatever happens to them‬‬
‫‪will also happen to her. Their promised time is daybreak. Is not‬‬
‫‪the daybreak near? Thus when Our decree came, We turned‬‬
‫‪(the cities) upside down and rained down on them brimstones‬‬
‫‪as hard as baked clay, spread, layer on layer.‬‬
‫ِك ِكٰى ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اج َوْك ُك ْكما‬‫ام ااَو ُك ْكمام ْك اإاَوها َوْكػُكهُكا ۖ ا َو ْك َو‬ ‫َوخ ُك ْكما ُك َوعْكًن ا ۗ ا َو َوؿايَو ا َوػ ْكوـاا ْك ُك ُك ااااَّزهَو َو‬ ‫ام ْك يَو َو ا َو‬ ‫َو إ َو ٰىَل َو‬
‫افا َوَلا َوػْك َوخ وااااَّز سا َو ْك َو ُك ما َوَلا ػُك ْكف ِك ُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ۖ‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اآتا‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫ػَوِّلػَو ٌام ْك َوارِّل ُك ْكما افَوأَوْك فُكوااااْك َو ْك َوا َوااْك َو َو َو‬
‫اص ٍء‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫اكْك م ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ضا ػع َو اإِك ِك‬
‫اطا‬ ‫ام ْك م َو ا َوَوَلا َوػ ْكق ُكع ُك اا ُك ِّل َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اخْكػٌ ااَو ُك ْكماإ ْكف ُك ُك ْك ُك‬ ‫ص َوَلح َوه ا ۚ ا ٰىذَوا ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫ْكاْل ْكَور ِك َو ْك ْك‬
‫اكْكُك ْكما َوِك ًنَلا‬
‫اآم َو ا ِكِكها َو َوػْكػغُكواػَو َوه ا ِك َوو ًنج ا ۚ ا َواذْك ُككُك ااإِك ْكذ ُك‬ ‫ام ْك َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫اس ِك اااَّزه َو‬ ‫ل ُّ َوفا َو ْك َو‬ ‫ُكو ُك َوفا َو َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫اآمُكواا ِك اَّز ِكذيا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اك َوفاطَو ئ َوف ٌامْك ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫اك َوفا َو ِكَو ُكاااْك ُك ْكف ِك ِكي َو ا َو إِك ْكف َو‬ ‫فَو َو ثػَّزَوُكك ْكما ۖ ا َوااْكظُكُك َو‬
‫ااكْك َو َو‬
‫ااْلَو كِك ِك َو ا َو َوؿا‬ ‫اخْكػُك ْك‬‫اٗم ُك َوماااَّزهُكا ػَوْكػَوػَو ا ۚ ا َو ُك َوو َو‬ ‫ااح َّز ٰىَّت َوْك‬ ‫اَلايػ ْك ِكمُكواافَو ْك ِك‬
‫ص ُكِب َو‬
‫ُكرِكس ْك ِكِك ِك‬
‫تا ها َو طَو ئ َوف ٌ َوْك ُك‬ ‫ْك ُك‬
‫اام َوع َو ام ْك ا َوػ ْكيَو َو ا َوْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬
‫اآمُكو َو‬‫با َوااذي َو َو‬ ‫ااسَو ْك َوػُك اام ْك ا َوػ ْكومهااَوُك ْكخ َوجَّز َو ايَو ا ُك َوعْك ُك‬ ‫ااْك َو َوْلُكاااذي َو ْك‬
‫اك ِكذ ًن اإِك ْكفا ُك ْك اَو ِكآت ِكامَّزِك ُك ْكما‬ ‫اك ِكرِك َو ا َو ِكاافْكػَوػَويْكػَو ا َو َو اااَّز ِكه َو‬ ‫اكَّز َو‬‫ود َّزف ِكآت ِكامَّزِكَو ا ۚ ا َو َوؿا َوَو اَو ْكو ُك‬‫اَوَوػ ُكع ُك‬
‫ودافِك َوه اإِكَّزَلا ْكَوفايَو َو َواااَّزهُك َوارػَُّو ا ۚ ا َو ِكس َوع َوارػَُّو ا‬ ‫وفااَوَو ا ْكَوفااػَو ُكع َو‬‫اّمَّز اَو اااَّزهُك ِكامْكػ َوه ا ۚ ا َو َوم ايَو ُك ُك‬‫ػَو ْكع َو اإِك ْكذ َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء ِك‬
‫اخْكػُك ا‬ ‫ت َو‬ ‫ُكك َّزا َو ْك ا ْك ًن ا ۚ ا َو َو اااَّزها َوػ َووَّزك ْكَو ا ۚ َوارػَّزَو اافْكػَو ْكحا ػَوْكػَوػَو ا َو ػَو ْك َو ا َوػ ْكومَو ا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا َو َواْك َو‬
‫َوخ َوذ ْكػ ُكه ُكما‬ ‫اام ا َوػوِكم ِكهااَوئِك ِك اا ػَّز ػع ما ُك ع اإِكاَّز ُك ماإِك ًنذ َو ِك‬ ‫ااْك َوف ِكِك ا َو َوؿاااْك َوْلُكاااَّز ِكذي َو ِك‬
‫ااْلَو سُك َوفافَوأ َو‬ ‫َو ْك ُك ْك َوْكًن ْك‬ ‫اك َوفُك ْك ْك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫اَلْكايػَو ْكغَوػ ْكوااف َوه ا ۚ اااَّزذي َو َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اج ْث َو اااَّزذي َو َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك َّزذ ُكواا‬ ‫َوف َو‬ ‫اك َّزذ ُكواا ُك َوعْكًن َو‬
‫اكأ ْك‬ ‫اد ِكار ْكم َو‬ ‫اآت َو‬‫َوصَو ُكحو ِك‬‫ااَّز ْكج َوف ُكافَوأ ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ِكس ِكي َو اا‬
‫اك اُكواا ُك ُكم ْك‬ ‫ُك َوعْكًن َو‬
7:85-92 To the Madyan people (We sent) their brother Shu‟aib.
He said: O my people! Worship Allah. You have no God
besides Him. An evidence has come to you from your Lord. So
you give full measure and weight (in your business) and do not
reduce things of the people. Do not create troubles on the earth
after its reform. That is good for you, if you are believers. And
do not sit on every road threatening and hindering from the
path of Allah those who believe in Him and you seek
crookedness in it. And remember you were very few and then
He multiplied you. And look how was the end of trouble
makers. And if there is a group among you who believes in the
message with which I have been sent and a group which does
not believe, then wait patiently until Allah judges between us.
And He is the best of judges. The arrogant bigwigs among his
people said: O Shu‟aib! We will certainly drive you and those
who believe in you out of our city or you should return to our
religion. He said: What! Even if we hate it? If we return to your
religion after Allah has rescued us from that, it will be
tantamount to fabricating a lie about Allah. We cannot return to
it unless our Lord Allah so wishes. The knowledge of our Lord
extends over all things. On Allah is our trust. Our Lord! Decide
between us and our people with truth. And You are the best of
decision makers. The big shots of the unbelievers among his
people said: “If you follow Shu‟aib, you will indeed be losers.
So the earthquake seized them and by daybreak they lay face
down in their homes! Those who rejected Shu‟aib (thus)
‫‪became as if they had never lived there. Those who rejected‬‬

‫‪Shu‟aib were the losers.‬‬
‫وِبِك ْكما ۗ ا‬ ‫تاااَّز ِكهافَوأَوخ َوذ ماااَّزها ِك ُكذاُك ِك‬ ‫اك َوف اا ِكآي ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َو ُك ُك ُك‬ ‫َوك َو ْكباآؿاف ْك َو ْكو َوفا ۙ ا َوااَّزذي َو ام ْك ا َوػْك ه ْكما ۚ َو ُك َو‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتا‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫با ٰىَوذاِك َو ا ِكأ َّز‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَو َو‬ ‫إِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ِكويا َو ِكي ُك اااْكعِك َوق ِك‬
‫امغَوِّلػًنااا ْكع َو ًنا َواْكػ َوع َو َوه ا َو َو ٰى ا َوػ ْكوـ َو‬
‫اَلْكايَو ُك ُك‬
‫اْس ٌعا َو ِك ٌماا‬ ‫َوفاااَّزه َوِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اام ا ِكأَواْكػ ُكف ِكه ْكما ۙ ا َو َّز َو‬ ‫يػُكغَوِّلػُك َو‬
‫‪8:52-53 Like the way of the people of Pharaoh and those‬‬
‫‪before them, they rejected the signs (messages) of Allah and so‬‬
‫‪Allah seized (i.e., punished) them for their sins. Verily, Allah is‬‬
‫‪strong and strict in punishment. That is because Allah will not‬‬
‫‪change the mercy He bestowed on a people until they bring‬‬
‫‪about change in themselves. And verily, Allah hears and‬‬
‫‪knows (all things). Like the manner of the people of Pharaoh‬‬
‫‪and those before them, they treated the signs of their Lord as‬‬
‫‪false. So We destroyed them for their sins. And We drowned‬‬
‫‪the people of Pharaoh. They were all wrongdoers.‬‬
‫ام ْكع ِك ِكض َو ا َو َوك اُكواا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اك َّزذبا َوصح ب ْكِك‬
‫ااْل ْكج ِك اااْك ُك ْك َوس َو ا َوآ َوػْكػَو ُك ْكماآيَو َو افَو َو اُكواا َوْكػ َوه ُك‬ ‫َو اَو َوق ْك َو َو ْك َو ُك‬
‫اك اُكواا‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫ااال ح ُكام ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫وف ِكام ْكِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل ح َو افَو َو ا َو ْك َو ٰىَنا َوْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬ ‫َوخ َوذ ْكػ ُكه ُكم َّز ْك َو ُك ْك‬‫ااْلَو ؿا ػُكُكوًن اآم َو افَوأ َو‬ ‫يػَوْكحُك َو َو‬
‫يَو ْك ِك ُك َو‬
‫وفاا‬
‫‪15:80-84 The Companions of the Rocky Tract also rejected the‬‬
‫‪apostles. We sent them Our signs (messages), but they turned‬‬
‫‪away from them. They (lived) fearlessly carving out houses‬‬
‫‪from the mountains. Then the (mighty) blast seized them at‬‬
‫‪dawn. And what they had earned (i.e., deeds) did not benefit‬‬
‫‪them.‬‬
‫اكُكو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اَو َوق ْك َو ِك ٍء‬
‫ارْكزِكؽ َوارِّل ُك ْكما‬
‫اام ْك ِك‬ ‫اجَّزَو ِكفا َو ْك َوا‪ٙ‬مِك ٍء ا َوِشَو ٍءؿا ۖ ُك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ام ْك َو ه ْكماآيَوٌا ۖ َو‬ ‫اك َوفاا َو َوإ ِكآت َو‬
‫اسْك َواااْك َوع ِكِكـا َو َو َّز اْكَو ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوا ْك ُك ُك اااَوهُكا ۚ ا ػَوْك َو ةٌاطَوِّلَو ٌا َو َوربا َو ُكف ٌ‬
‫ورافَوأَو ْك َو ُك‬
‫ضواافَوأ ْكَور َوس ْكَو ا َو َوْكه ْكم َو‬
‫اجَويْكػَو ُك ْكم ِكاِبَو َو‬ ‫ٍء ِك ِك ِك ٰى ِك‬ ‫ُكك ٍء َو ٍء‬ ‫ِكِبَوَّزَوػْك ِكهم َو ِك‬
‫اك َوفُك اا ۖ ا‬ ‫اَخْكطا َو َوثْك ٍء ا َو َو ْك ام ْك اس ْك ٍءرا َو ٍء ا َوذا َو َو‬ ‫اِتا ُك‬‫اجَّزَوػ ْك ا َوذ َو َوْك‬ ‫ْك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬‫َّز‬ ‫َّز‬‫ِك‬
‫اّمَو زياإَلاااْك َو ُكف َوورا َو َوج َوع ْكَو ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكما َو ػَو ْك َو اااْك ُكقَو اااِتا َو َورْككَو اف َوه ا ُكػًن اظَو َوةًنا َو َو ْكَّزراَو اف َوه ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َو َو ْك ُك‬
‫َوس َوف ِكراَو ا َو ظَوَو ُك واا َواْكػ ُكف َو ُكه ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ۖ ِك ِك‬
‫اارػَّزَو ا َو ْك ا ػَو ْك َو ا ْك‬
‫ِلا َو َويَّز ًنم اآم َو افَوػ َوق اُكو َو‬
‫اا َّز ْكػَو ا اس ُك ااف َوه ااَوَو َو‬
‫ٍء ِك‬ ‫ٰى ِك‬ ‫يثا مَّز ْكػَو م ُك ٍء‬ ‫فَوجع ْك ما ِك‬
‫وراا‬‫اصَّز ٍءرا َو ُك ٍء‬ ‫اك َّز ُكاِمَوَّزؽا ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتاذَوا َو َواْليَو تاا ُك ِّل َو‬ ‫َوح د َو َو َو ُك ْك‬ ‫َو َو َو ُك ْك َو‬
34:15-19 There was a sign for people of Saba (supposed to be a
city in Yemen) in their homeland – two gardens (one) to the
right and (the other) to the left. (We told them:) Eat from the
sustenance (provided) by your Lord and be grateful to Him. A
good country and a Lord Oft-Forgiving! But they turned away
(from Allah‟s guidance) and We sent against them a flood of
water from the dam and in place of their two gardens, We
provided them two other gardens with bitter fruits, tamarisks
and some lote trees. That was our recompense to them for
rejecting. And will We reward thus except the ungrateful
rejecters? In between them (i.e., the land of Saba) and the
countries which We had made prosperous, We developed some
visible (prominent) countries facilitating journey through them.
(And We said:) You travel through them fearlessly during
night and day. But they said: Our Lord! Make our journeys
long distance. And they wronged themselves. Then We made
them (mere) legends and We shattered them. Verily in that are
signs for those who are patient and grateful.
‫تا َوػْكػَو ُكه ْكم ِكام ْك ا َوػ ْكيَوٍءا َو ْك َو ْك َو َو ا ۖ ا َوفَوػ ُكه ْكمايػُك ْك ِكمُك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫اآمَو ْك‬
‫َوم َو‬
21:6 None of the nations which We destroyed earlier has
believed. (That being the case), will these (people) believe?
‫اَلْك ُكأمَو ِّل ْك ااَو ُك ْكما َو ْكَور َوس ْكَو ا‬

‫ام َو‬ ‫ام َّز َّز ُك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك ٍء‬
‫ض َو‬ ‫ااك ْكما َو ْك َو ْك َو ام ْك ا َوػْك ه ْكمام ْك ا َوػ ْكف َو‬
‫َوَلْكايػَوَو ْك َو‬
‫َو‬
‫وِبِك ْكما َو َواْك َو أْكاَو ِكام ْك ا‬
‫يام ا َوْكِك ِكهمافَوأَو َو ْك َو ما ِك ُكذاُك ِك‬
‫ْك ْك ُك ْك‬
‫ااْلَواْكػه ر َوْك ِك‬
‫اَت ِك ْك‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫اا َّز َو َوا َو َوْكه ْكمام ْك َور ًناراا َو َوج َوع ْكَو ْك َو َو‬
‫اآخ ِكي َوا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ػَو ْكع ْكما َوػ ْكاًن َو‬
6:6 Do they not see how many generations before them We
had destroyed? We had made available to them on the earth
what We had not given you. We had sent them the sky (i.e.,
rain) in abundance and We made the rivers flowing beneath
them. Yet for their sins We destroyed them and raised another
generation after them.
‫اج َو ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اد ْك َووا ُك ْكماإ ْكذ َو‬‫اك َوف َو‬ ‫وفافَو َو َو‬ ‫َو َوك ْكم ِكام ْك ا َوػ ْكيَوٍءا َو ْك َو ْك َو َو افَو َوج َو َو ا َوأْك ُكسَو ا ػَوَو ًن ا َوْك ا ُك ْكما َو ئِكُك َو‬
‫اكَّز اظَو اِك ِك َو افَوػَوَو ْك أَواَو َّز اااَّز ِكذي َو ا ْكُكرِكس َواإِكاَوْك ِكه ْكما َو اَوَو ْك أَواَو َّز اااْك ُك ْك َوسِك َو افَوػَوَوػ ُكق َّز‬
‫ل َّز ا‬ ‫َوأْك ُكسَو اإِكَّزَلا ْكَوفا َو اُكوااإِكاَّز ُك‬
‫اكَّز ا َو ئِكِك َو اا‬
‫َو َوْك ِكه ْكما ِكعِكْك ٍءما ۖ ا َو َوم ُك‬
7:4-7 How many towns We have destroyed (for their sins)! Our
punishment came to them in the night or while they were in
their afternoon siesta. Thus when Our punishment came to
them, their shouting was nothing but “Indeed we were
wrongdoers. So We will certainly ask the people to whom
(messengers) were sent and (also) the messengers (themselves).
And indeed We will explain to them (everything) with (full)
knowledge for We have never been absent (at any time or
place).
‫اك اُكواا‬ ‫اَو َوق ْك ا َو َو ْك َو اااْك ُكق َوف ِكام ا َوػ ِك ُك مااَو َّز اظَوَو واا ۙ ا ج ْكػهمارسُكهما ِك اْك ػِّلػَو ِك‬
‫تا َو َوم َو‬ ‫َو َو َو ُك ْك ُك ُك ُك ْك َو‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫ُك ْك ْك ْك‬ ‫َو ْك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اِكُكػ ْك ِكمُكواا ۚ َو‬
‫ضام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ْكما‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬‫اخ َوَلئ َو ِكآت ْك‬
‫اج َوع ْكَو ُكك ْكم َو‬
‫اّتَّز َو‬ ‫اك ٰىَوذا َو َوْك‬
‫اّم ِكياااْك َوق ْكوَوـاااْك ُك ْكج ِكم َو ُك‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫اِكَوػْكظُكَو َو‬
‫اكْك َو ا َوػ ْكع َو ُك َو‬
10:13-14 We had destroyed (many) earlier generations when
they did wrong. Their apostles had come to them with clear
signs, but they would not believe! Thus do We reward the
sinners. Then We made you successors on the earth after them
to see how you will perform.
‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬

‫ل ٍء ا‬
‫ام َوعطَّزَو ا َو َو ْك‬ ‫فَو َو أَويِّل ْك ام ْك ا َوػ ْكيَو ا َو ْك َو ْك َو َو ا َو َو اظَو ا َو ٌافَو ِكه َو َو‬
‫اخ ِكيَوٌا َو َو ٰى ا ُكُك َوه ا َو ِكْكئ ٍء ُك‬
‫َوم ِك ٍءا‬
22:45 Thus how many nations We had destroyed while they
were engaged in wrongdoing! They tumbled down on their
roofs. And how many wells were abandoned and lofty towers!
‫اَلْكا ُك ْك َو ْك ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِك ِك ْكماإِكَّزَلا َوِك ًنَلا‬

‫ام َو كِكُكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫امع َو َوػ َوه ا ۖ افَو ْك َو َو‬
‫َوكما َو َو ْك َو ِكام ا َوػ ي ٍءا ِكط ت ِك‬
‫ْك ْك َو َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو ْك ْك‬
‫ث ِكآتا ِّلُكم َوه َوار ُكس ًنوَلايػَوْكػُكوا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اْم ُك اااْك َوو ِكارثِك َو ا َو َوم َو‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتايػَوْكػ َوع َو‬
‫ام ْكه َو اااْك ُكقَو ٰى َو‬ ‫اك َوف َوارُّ َو ُك‬ ‫ۖ ا َو ُككَّز َوْك‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫ام ْكهِك ِك اااْك ُكقَو ٰى اإِكَّزَلا َو َو ْك ُك َوه اظَو اِك ُك َو‬‫اكَّز ُك‬ ‫آيَو ِكَو ا ۚ ا َو َوم ُك‬
28:58-59 And how many nations We had destroyed, which
exulted in their life (of affluence)! Yonder are their dwellings,
which have not been inhabited after them except for a short
period. And We alone became the inheritors. Your Lord had
not destroyed any country until He had sent to its centre an
apostle reciting to them Our messages nor do We destroy a
country except when its people are wrongdoers.
‫َّزامْكػ ُكه ْكما ُكػ َّزوةًنا‬ ‫اك َوفا َو ِكَو ُكاااَّز ِكذي َو ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ِك ِكه ْكما ۚ َو‬
‫اك اُكواا َو َو ِك‬ ‫ااكْك َو َو‬
‫ضافَوػَوػْكظُكُك َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو َوَلْكايَو ِك ِك‬
‫اآت ْك‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َو‬
‫اك َوفاااَّزهُكا‬ ۖ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوكثَوػَو اِمَّز ا َو َو ُك َو ا َو َوج َوْكػ ُكه ْكم ُكار ُكسُك ُكه ْكما اْكَوػِّلػَو تا افَو َو َو‬ ‫ضا َو َو َو ُك َو ا ْك‬ ‫اااْل ْكَور َو‬
‫َو َوثَو ُكر ْك‬
‫اك اُكواا َواْكػ ُكف َو ُكه ْكمايَوظْكِك ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫اِكَوظْكِك َو ُكه ْكما َو ٰىاَو ِك ْك َو‬
30:9 Have they not travelled through the earth and seen how
was the end of those before them? They (i.e., the earlier
people) were stronger than these (people) and they tilled the
soil and developed it (the land) more than these people have
done. And there came to them their apostles with clear signs
(whom they rejected and that led to their destruction). It was
not Allah who wronged them but they wronged themselves.
‫ام ْك ِككِك َوا‬
‫َوكثَوػُك ُك ْكم ُك‬ ‫اك َوفا َو ِكَو ُكاااَّز ِكذي َو ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ُكا ۚ َو‬
‫اك َوفا ْك‬ ‫ااكْك َو َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ضافَو اْكظُكُك َو‬ ‫اس ِك‬
‫اآت ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ُك ْك ُك‬
30:42 Say: Travel through the earth and see how was the end
of those before (you). Most of them were mushriks.
‫اك َوفا َو ِكَو ُكاااْك ُك َو ِّلذ ِك َوا‬
‫ااكْك َو َو‬
‫اّتَّزاااْكظُكُك َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ض ُك‬ ‫اس ِك‬
6:11 Say: You travel through the earth and see what was the
end of those who treated (the messages) as falsehood.
‫اَلُكم ِك‬
‫ارْككًنا‬ ‫َوكما َو َو ْك ا َوػ ػَوهم ِكام ا َوػ ٍءفا ا ُكِك س ِكامْكػهم ِكام ا ٍء‬
‫َوح ا َوْك ا َو ْك َو ُكع َو ْك‬
‫َو ْك ْك َو ْك ُك ْك ْك ْك َو ْك ُّ ُك ْك ْك َو‬
19:98 But how many generations We had destroyed before
them! Do you recognize any one of them (now) or hear (so
much as) their whisper?
‫َو َوحَو ٌاـا َو َو ٰى ا َوػ ْكيَوٍءا َو ْك َو ْك َو َو ا َوا ُكػَّزه ْكم َواَلايػَوْك ِكج ُكع َو‬
‫وفا‬
21:95 And it is impossible for any nation, which We have
destroyed, to revive.
‫اَوق ْك ا َورس ْك اإِك َوَلا ُكم ٍءم ِكام ا َوػ ِك افَوأَوخ ْكذا ما ِك اْك أْكس ِك ا َّز ِك‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ااضَّزا ااَو َوعَّز ُكه ْكمايػَوَو َو‬
‫ضَّز ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو َو ٰى َو ْك ْك َو َو َو ُك ْك َو َو َو‬
6:42 We had sent (apostles) to many nations before you and
We afflicted them with suffering and adversity to make them
humble.
‫آخ ِكي َو ا ۚ ا َو َوك َوفاااَّزهُكا َو َو ٰى ا ٰىَوذاِك َو ا َو ِكيًنا‬ ‫ِك‬

‫سا َو يَوأْكتا ِك َو‬
‫إ ْكفايَو َو أْكايُك ْكذ ْك ُك ْكما َويػُّ َوه اااَّز ُك‬
4:133 If He wills, O people, He would remove you and bring
others (in your place). And He has power to do that.
‫وف ِكآتام كِكِك ِكهما ۗ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َواْلي ٍء‬
‫تا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوفَوػَو ْكمايػَو ْكه ِك َو‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫مْك ُك َو َو َو ْك‬ٙ‫اك ْكما َو ْك َو ْك َو ا َوػْكػَو ُكه ْكمام َو اااْك ُكقُك ف َوا‬
‫اَلُك ْكم َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ْلُك ِكِلااا ػ َو‬
‫ُّه ٰىا‬
20:128 Is not the destruction of so many earlier generations by
Us a guiding factor to them? They are (in fact) walking through
the (ruins) of their settlements. Verily, in this are signs for
intelligent people.
The Quran clearly informs us that there were peoples or nations
Allah created in different regions and at different times for
testing their obedience to Him. Allah had sent prophets to
convey the divine messages as guidance to them. But they did
not believe in the one God and His messages. They associated
partners with Him instead without believing in His
omnipotence and absolute dominion. Therefore Allah sent
calamities to destroy them. Following the destruction of a
nation, Allah raised another people in its place. Their story was
also not different from their predecessor and Allah punished
them too for the same reason. All those civilizations are gone
forever. They will not revive. Allah warns us that if we also do
not believe in His message, the Quran, we will also meet with
the same fate as that of our predecessors and He can bring
another people in our place. Allah also asks us to travel to
those places of ancient civilizations, convince ourselves of the

ruins and learn a lesson from history.
Even though destruction of cities and early nations was
mentioned in the Bible and the Quran, archaeological
investigations to understand the early history of man were
made only recently. An examination of the archaeological finds
belonging to the early civilizations of Egypt, India and others
would reveal that they all came up near the river banks
(Euphratese, Tigris, the Nile, the Indus, the Ganges, etc.)
confirming the message given in the Quranic verse 6:6 quoted
above. Secondly, the evidences indicate that these civilizations
had been buried underneath. The destruction of the ancient
cities is generally attributed to natural catastrophes. The cause
of destruction of the early nations by God through natural
calamities was their rejection of Faith in the one God. Their
continued practice of worshipping gods, goddesses and idols
ignoring the warnings given by the prophets led to their own
destruction. The artefacts unearthed from the sites of ancient
civilisations had provided ample testimony to the kind of
worship prevailed in those days. The archaeological finds thus
confirm the reason given in the Quran for their destruction.
n) Preservation of Pharaoh’s body for posterity

The Quran reveals that the body of Pharaoh, the king of
Egypt during the time of Prophet Moses, is preserved as divine
sign for posterity.
‫وس ٰى ا َو َو ُكر َوفاإِك َو ٰىَلافِكْك َو ْكو َوفا َو َومَوئِك ِكها ِكآيَو ِكَو افَو ْكسَو ْك َوػُك اا َو َوك اُكواا َوػ ْكوًنم ا ُكْك ِكِكم َوا‬
‫ام َو‬
‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ُكّتَّزا ػَو َوعثْكػَو ام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ْكم ُك‬
10:75 Then after them We sent Moses and Aaron to Pharaoh
and his bigwigs with Our signs. But they were arrogant and
they were a sinning people.
‫اّتَّزا َو َو ٰى اا‬
‫اخ ْك َوقهُك ُك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫وس ٰى ا َو َوؿ َوارػَُّو اااَّز ِكذيا َو ْك طَو ٰى ُك‬
‫اك َّزا َو ْك َو‬ ‫ام َو‬
‫َو َوؿافَو َو ْك َوارُّ ُك َو ايَو ُك‬
20:49-50 (When this message was delivered), Pharaoh said:
Who then is the Lord of you both, O Moses? Moses said: Our
‫‪Lord is He who gave everything its character and then‬‬

‫‪guidance.‬‬
‫ضا َو يَو َوذ َورَوؾا َو ِكآَلَو َو ا ۚ ا َو َوؿا‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫وس ٰى ا َوػ ْكوَومهُكااِكُكػ ْكف ِك ُك ِك‬
‫اآت ْك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ام َو َو‬ ‫َو َو َوؿاااْك َو َوْلُكام ْك ا َوػ ْكوـاف ْك َو ْكو َوفا َوَو َوذ ُكر ُك‬
‫َوسُكػ َوقِّل ُكا َوْكػَو َو ُك ْكما َو اَو ْك َو ْكحِك ااِك َو َو ُك ْكما َو إِكاَّز افَوػ ْكوَوػ ُكه ْكما َو ِك ُك َواف‬
‫‪7:127 The bigwigs among Pharaoh‟s people asked (Pharaoh):‬‬
‫‪Are you letting Moses and his people to create trouble on the‬‬
‫‪earth and to forsake you and your gods? He said: We will kill‬‬
‫‪their sons and we will let (only) their daughters live. Indeed,‬‬
‫‪we have full authority over them.‬‬
‫اح ِكق ٌقا َو َو ٰى ا ْكَوف َواَلا َوُك َو‬
‫وؿا َو َو اااَّز ِكهاإِكَّزَلا‬ ‫وؿ ِكام ار ِّل ِك‬
‫باااْك َوع اَو َو َو‬
‫وس ٰى ايَو اف ْك َو ْكو ُكفاإ ِّلِّن َوار ُكس ٌ ْك َو‬ ‫ام َو‬‫َو َو َوؿ ُك‬
‫امعِك َو ا َوِك اإِك ْكسَوائِك َواا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ٍء ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اْلَو َّزقا ۚ ا َو ْك اجْكئُك ُك ْكما َوػِّلػَو ام ْك َوارِّل ُك ْكمافَوأ ْكَورس ْك َو‬
‫ْك‬
‫‪7:104-105 Moses said: O Pharaoh! I am an apostle from the‬‬
‫‪Lord of the worlds. It is binding on me not to say anything but‬‬
‫‪truth about Allah. I have come to you with clear proof from‬‬
‫‪your Lord. So send the Children of Israel with me.‬‬
‫ااْل ةِكااا ُّ اْكػ ارػَّزَو ااِك ِك‬ ‫تافِك َو ْكو َوفا َوم َوْلَوهُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضُّواا َو ْك ا‬ ‫َو َو ُك‬ ‫ازيَو ًنا َو ْكَوم َوو ًناَل ِكآت ْكَوَو‬ ‫وس ٰى َوارػَّزَو اإاَّز َو اآ َوػْك َو ْك َو‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫َو َو َوؿ ُك‬
‫ابا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ۖ‬
‫ااح َّز ٰىَّتايػَوَو ُكااااْك َوع َوذ َو‬
‫سا َو َو ٰى ا ْكَوم َوواَل ْكما َوا ْك ُك ْكدا َو َو ٰى ا ُكػُكوِب ْكمافَو َوَلايػُك ْك مُكو َو‬ ‫َوس َو ا َوارػَّزَو ااطْك ْك‬
‫وفا َو َوج َو ْكزاَو ا‬ ‫ِّلاسِك َواااَّز ِكذي َو َواَلايػَو ْكعَو ُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اد ْك َووُك ُك َو افَو ْكسَوق َو ا َوَوَلا َوػَّز َوع ف َو‬ ‫ت َو‬
‫ْكاْلَوا َوما َو َوؿا َو ْك ا ُكج َو ْك‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتاإِكذَواا ْكَود َورَوكهُكاااْكغَوَو ُكؽا َو َوؿا‬
‫ودهُكا ػَو ْكغًن ا َو َو ْك ًناا ۖ َو‬ ‫ِكَوِك اإِك ْكسَوائ َواااْكَو ْكحَو افَوأَوْكػَوػ َوع ُكه ْكماف ْك َو ْكو ُكفا َو ُكجُك ُك‬
‫تا‬ ‫لْك َو‬ ‫اآْل َوفا َو َو ْك ا َو َو‬ ‫تا ِكِكها ػَوُكواإِك ْكسَوائِك َوا َو َواَو ِكام َو اااْك ُك ْك ِك ِك َو ْك‬ ‫ياآمَو ْك‬
‫ِكٰى ِك ِك‬
‫تا َواَّزهُك َواَلاإاَوهَواإَّزَلاااَّزذ َو‬ ‫َوآمْك ُك‬
‫اكثِك ًناا‬
‫اخ ْك َوف َو اآيَو ًنا ۚ ا َو إِك َّزف َو‬ ‫َوػ ا ُككْكت ِكام اااْك ْكف ِك ِكي افَو اْك ػوـااػُك ِّلج ا ِك اِك ااِك ُك َو ِك‬
‫وفاا َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو َو َو َو َو َو َو‬ ‫ْك ُك َو َو َو ُك‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ِكم َو اااَّز ِكسا َو ْك اآيَو َو ااَوغَو فُك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫‪10:88-92 Moses said: Our Lord! You have indeed given‬‬
‫‪Pharaoh and his bigwigs luxury and wealth in the life of this‬‬
‫‪world; our Lord! They (utilize that) to mislead (people) from‬‬
‫‪Your path. Our Lord! Wipe out their wealth and harden their‬‬
‫‪minds so that they will not believe until they see the grievous‬‬
‫‪penalty. Allah said: The prayers of both of you are granted. So‬‬
‫‪both of you stand on the straight (path) and do not follow the‬‬
path of the ignorant. We made the Children of Israel cross the

sea. Pharaoh and his armies followed them insolently and
spitefully. Thus when he faced (the inevitable) drowning, he
said: I believe that there is no God except Him whom the
Children of Israel believe in and I am one among Muslims. (It
was said to him): Ah now! But you disobeyed before and you
were one of the troublemakers. So today We save your (dead)
body to be a sign for posterity. But verily, many of the people
are heedless of Our signs!
The story of Prophet Moses is given in great detail in
the Quran. However, the verses relevant to the preservation of
the body of Pharaoh, who was drowned by Allah 3000 years
ago during the time of Prophet Moses, alone are presented
above. In the olden days Egyptian rulers were known as
Pharaohs. Although there is some confusion as to who the
Pharaoh was during Prophet Moses‟s time, whether it was
Ramesses II or his son Merneptah, the general consensus is that
it was Ramesses II. Dr. Maurice Bucaille provides sufficient
evidence to this in his book, The Bible, the Quran and Science.
It may be noted that about 1500 years have elapsed when Allah
revealed the preservation of the dead body to Prophet
Muhammad in the Quran. The mummified body of Ramesses II
was discovered in 1881 (Fig. 4.5).
Microscopic examination of the mummy revealed that
the body was mummified at some place near the river Nile. He
was 1.7 m tall and about 90 years old when died. His mummy
was given a royal reception in Paris when it was sent there in
1974 for examination. When the mummy was returned to
Egypt, it was visited by Anwar Sadat, the then-President of
Egypt, and his wife. The mummy of Ramesses II (and also the
mummy of his son Merneptah) is now kept in Cairo museum in
full view of thousands of daily visitors [22]. Thus the Quranic
revelation of the preservation of the dead body of Pharaoh has
been confirmed 1200 years after the death of Prophet
Muhammad.
Fig. 4.5. Mummy of Pharaoh Ramesses II

Source:https://www.alislam.org/egazette/.../Pharaoh-of-Moses-201005.pdf.
Accessed July 9, 2012.
o) Preservation of Noah’s Ark for posterity

The Quran reveals that Prophet Noah‟s people were
destroyed because they rejected Allah‟s messenger and His
guidance. Allah created flood to destroy them. Prophet Noah
and his companions were rescued in a ship, Noah‟s Ark.
According to the Quran, Noah‟s Ark ultimately rested on the
‫‪Mt. Judi. Like Pharaoh‟s body, Allah preserved Noah‟s Ark‬‬

‫‪also as a sign for the future generations of mankind.‬‬
‫ِك‬ ‫اَو َوق ْك ا َورس ْكَو ااُك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ؼا‬ ‫َوخ ُك‬ ‫ۖ اإِك ِّلِّنا َو‬ ‫امِك ٌ ا ْكَوف َواَلا َوػ ْكعُك ُك ااإِكَّزَلاااَّزهَوا‬ ‫وح اإ َو ٰىَلا َوػ ْكومهاإ ِّلِّنااَو ُك ْكمااَوذيٌ ُك‬ ‫ًن‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬
‫ام ااػَوَو َواؾاإَّزَلا َو َو ًناامثْكػَوَو ا َو َوم ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ابايػَو ْكوـا َوا ٍءمافَوػ َوق َوؿاااْك َو َوْلُكاااَّزذي َو َو‬ ‫ٍء‬
‫اك َوفُك اام ْك ا َوػ ْكومه َو‬ ‫َو َوْك ُك ْكما َو َوذ َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِكَّز َّز ِك‬
‫ض ٍء ا َو ْك ااَوظُكُّ ُك ْكما‬ ‫ْكيا َو َوم ااػَوَو ٰى ااَو ُك ْكما َو َوْكػَو ِكام ْك افَو ْك‬ ‫ياااَّز ِك‬ ‫اػَوَو َواؾاا ػَّزَوػ َوع َو اإَلاااذي َو ا ُك ْكما َوَوراذاُكَو ا َو د َو‬
‫تا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ٍء ِك‬
‫تا َو َو ٰى ا ػَوِّلػَو ام ْك َوارِّلِبا َوآ َو ِكِّن َوار ْك َو ًنام ْك ا ْك هافَوػ ُكع ِّل َو ْك‬ ‫اكْك ُك‬ ‫َوك ِكذ ِك َو ا َو َوؿايَو ا َوػ ْكوِكـا َوَورَويْكػُك ْكماإِك ْكف ُك‬
‫ياإِكَّزَلا َو َو ا‬ ‫ام ًنَلا ۖ اإِك ْكفا ْك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اك ِكرُك َو‬ ‫َو َوْك ُك ْكما َواػُكْك ِكُكم ُك ُك وَو ا َو َواْكػُك ْكم َو‬
‫َوج َو‬ ‫َوسأَواُك ُك ْكما َو َوْكه َو‬ ‫وفا َو يَو ا َوػ ْكوـ َواَلا ْك‬ ‫اَلَو َو‬
‫وفا َو يَو ا َوػ ْكوِكـا‬ ‫اَت َوهُك َو‬ ‫وارِّلِبِك ْكما َو ٰىاَو ِك ِّل ا َوَور ُكاك ْكما َوػ ْكوًنم َوْك‬
‫ام َوَل ُك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اآمُكواا ۚ اإا ُكػَّزه ْكم ُك‬
‫ااَّزها ۚ ا َو َوم ا َواَو ا طَو ِكرداااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ياخَوائِك ُك اااَّز ِكها َوَوَلا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫لُكِكِّن ِكام َو اااَّز ِكهاإِك ْكفاطَوَو ْكد ُكػ ُكه ْكما ۚ ا َوفَو َوَلا َو َوذ َّزكُك َوفا َوَوَلا َوُك ُك‬
‫وؿااَو ُك ْكما ْك َو‬ ‫َوم ْك ايػَوْك ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫وؿاإِك ِّلِّنامَو ٌ ا َوَلا َوُك ُك ِك ِك‬
‫اخْكػًناا ۖ ا‬ ‫وؿااَّزذي َو ا َوػ ْك َود ِكريا َو ْك ُكػُك ُك ْكمااَو ْك ايػُك ْك َوػ ُكه ُكماااَّزهُك َو‬ ‫با َوَوَلا َوُك ُك َو َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو ُكماااْكغَوْك َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك ۖ ِك ِك ِك‬
‫تا‬ ‫َوكثَوػ ْك َو‬‫اج َوداْكَوػَو افَوأ ْك‬ ‫وحا َو ْك َو‬ ‫ااَّزهُكا َو ْك َو ُكماِبَو آتا َواْكػ ُكف ه ْكما اإ ِّلِّناإذًناااَو َو اااظَّز ا َو ا َو اُكواايَو ااُك ُك‬
‫ااال ِكد ِك َو ا َو َوؿاإِكَّزٔمَو ايَوأْك ِك ُك ْكما ِكِكهاااَّزهُكاإِك ْكفا َو َوا َو َوم ا َواْكػُك ْكما‬ ‫ت ِكام َو َّز‬ ‫اكْك َو‬‫ِكج َو ااَوَو افَوأْك ِكَو ِكاِبَو ا َوعِك ُك اَو اإِك ْكف ُك‬
‫ل َوحااَو ُك ْكماإِك ْكف َو‬ ‫ِكِبُكع ِكج ِكي ا َوَلايػْكػ َوفع ُك مااُك ِك‬
‫اك َوفاااَّزهُكايُكِكي ُك ا ْكَوفايػُك ْكغ ِكويَو ُك ْكما ۚ ا‬ ‫تا ْكَوفا َواْك َو‬ ‫لح اإِك ْكفا َوَورْكد ُك‬ ‫ْك َو َو َو ُك ْك ْك‬
‫وفاافْكػَوػَواهُكا ۖ ا ُك ْك اإِك ِكفاافْكػَوػَويْكػُكهُكافَوػ َوعَو َّز اإِك ْكجَوام ا َو َواَو ا َوِكي ٌاِمَّز ا‬ ‫وفا ْكَوـايػَو ُكقواُك َو‬ ‫ُك َوو َوارُّ ُك ْكما َو إِكاَوْك ِكها ُكػ ْك َوج ُكع َو‬
‫س ِكاِبَو َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫وفا َو ُك ِكح َو اإِك َو ٰىَلااُك ٍء‬
‫اك اُكواا‬ ‫اآم َو افَو َوَلا َوػْكَوئ ْك‬ ‫ام ْك ا َو ْك َو‬ ‫وحا َواَّزهُكااَو ْك ايػُك ْك م َو ام ْك ا َوػ ْكوم َو اإَّزَل َو‬ ‫ُكْكَت ِكُكم َو‬
‫وفا‬‫ام ْكغَو ُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ۚ اإا ُكػَّزه ْكم ُك‬ ‫اَّتَو ِكطْك ِك ِكآتاااَّز ِكذي َو اظَوَو ُك واا‬ ‫اصَو ِكعاااْك ُكف ْك َو ا ِكأَو ْك ُكِكَو ا َو َو ْكحِكَو ا َوَوَل ُك‬ ‫وفا َو ْك‬ ‫يػَو ْكف َوعُك َو‬
‫اامَّز افَوِكإاَّز ا‬ ‫اامْكها ۚ ا َو َوؿاإِك ْكفا َو خ ِك‬ ‫ٌام ا َوػوِكم ِكه ِك ِك‬ ‫يلَوعاااْك ُكف ْك َو ا ُككَّز امَّز ا َو ِكه ِك‬
‫ْك َو ُك‬ ‫اسخُك ُك‬ ‫ام َوْل ْك ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ابا‬ ‫ا٘مْك ِكيها َو َوٗم ُّا َو َوْكها َو َوذ ٌ‬ ‫اب ُك‬ ‫ام ْك ايَوأْك ها َو َوذ ٌ‬ ‫وف َو‬ ‫ؼا َوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬ ‫اك َو ا َو ْك َوخُك َوفافَو َو ْكو َو‬ ‫اَو ْك َوخُك امْك ُك ْكم َو‬
‫ام ْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك ٍّ َوازْك َوج ْك ِك ااثْكػَوػ ْك ِك ا َو َو ْك َو َو اإَّزَل َو‬ ‫ُّورا ُكػ ْكَو اا ْكِك ْك افِك َوه ِكام ْك ُك‬ ‫ااج َوا ْكَومُكاَو ا َو فَو َوراااَّزػ ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتاإذَو َو‬ ‫ُكمق ٌم َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اارَوكُكواافِك َوه ا ِك ْك ِكماااَّز ِكها َوْك َوا َو ا‬ ‫ِكَّز ِك‬
‫ام َوعهُكاإَلا َو ٌا َو َو َوؿ ْك‬ ‫اآم َو َو‬ ‫اآم َو ا ۚ ا َو َوم َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوسَو َوقا َو َوْكهاااْك َوق ْكو ُكؿا َو َوم ْك َو‬
‫ياِبِكم ِكآتامو ٍءج َو ِك ِك‬ ‫م س ا ۚ اإِك َّزفارِّلِبااَوغَو ُكفورارِكح ما ِك َوْك ِك‬
‫وحاا ْكػَوهُكا َو َوك َوفا‬ ‫اك ْكْلَو ؿا َو اَو َود ٰى ااُك ٌ‬ ‫اَت ِك ْك َو ْك‬ ‫ٌ َو ٌ َو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو ُك ْك َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬‫ِكٓت َو ِك‬
‫اجَو ٍء ايػَو ْكعل ُك ِك ام َو ا‬ ‫اسآ ِكياإ َو ٰىَل َو‬ ‫ام َوعاااْك َو ف ِكي َو ا َو َوؿ َو‬ ‫ام َوعَو ا َوَوَلا َو ُك ْك َو‬ ‫ب َو‬ ‫اارَوك ْك‬‫ام ْكع ؿايَو ا ػُك َوَّز ْك‬
‫ام ْك َوارِكح َوما ۚ ا َو َوح َوؿا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه َو اااْك َو ْكو ُكجافَو َو َوف ِكام َو ا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْك َو ا ۚ ا َو َوؿ َواَلا َو ص َوماااْكَوػ ْكوَوـام ْك ا ْكَوم ِك اااَّزهاإَّزَل َو‬
‫تا‬ ‫اْس ا َوْكِكعِك ا ِك ضاااْك ا ُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اسَوػ َوو ْك‬ ‫ااْل ْكَومُك ا َو ْك‬ ‫ض َو ْك‬ ‫َو َو َو ُك َو‬ ‫ام َوؾا َو يَو َوَو ُك‬ ‫ضاا ْكػَوع َو‬ ‫ااْك ُك ْكغَو َو ا َو َوايَو ا ْكَور ُك‬
‫باإِك َّزفاا ْكِك ِكام ْك ا َو ْك ِك ا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااْل ِك‬

‫وح َوارَّزهُكافَوػ َوق َوؿ َوار ِّل‬ٌ ‫يا ۖ ا َو َوا ػُك ْكع ًن ااا ْك َوق ْكوـاااظَّز ا َو ا َو اَو َود ٰى ااُك‬ ‫ود ِّل‬ ‫َو َو ْكُك‬
‫س ِكام ْك ا َو ْك ِك َو ا ۖ اإِكاَّزهُكا َو َو ٌا َوْكػُك ا‬ ‫ااْل كِك ِك َو ا َو َوؿاي ااُك ِك‬
‫وحاإاَّزهُكااَوْك َو‬
‫َو ُك‬ ‫َوح َو ُكم ْكَو‬ ‫تا ْك‬ ‫َو إِك َّزفا َو ْك َو َوؾ ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ُّقا َو َواْك َو‬
‫با‬‫ااْلَو ِك ِك َو ا َو َوؿ َوار ِّل‬
‫وف ِكام َو ْك‬ ‫سااَو َو ا ِكِكها ِك ْك ٌما ۖ اإِك ِّلِّنا َو ِكظُك َو ا ْكَوفا َو ُك َو‬ ‫ام ااَوْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ص ا ٍءحا ۖ افَو َوَلا َو ْك أَواْك ِك َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫س ِكاِلا ِكها ْك ٌما ۖ ا َو إِكَّزَلا َوػ ْكغف ْك ِكاِلا َو َوػ ْك َوْكِك ا ُك‬
‫ااْلَو س ِكي َو ا‬‫َوك ْك ام َو ْك‬ ‫َوسأَواَو َو َو‬
‫ام ااَوْك َو‬ ‫إِك ِّلِّنا َو ُكوذُكا ِك َو ا ْكَوفا ْك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك اي ااُك ِك ِك ٍء ِك‬
‫اّتَّزا‬
‫ِّلع ُكه ْكم ُك‬ ‫ام َوع َو ا ۚ ا َو َوُكم ٌم َو‬
‫اسُك َو ػ ُك‬ ‫وحاا ْك ْكطا َو َوَلـامَّز ا َو ػَوَوَوك تا َو َوْك َو ا َو َو َو ٰى ا َوُكم ٍءماِمَّز ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ابا َوا ٌماا‬ ‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫مَو ُّ ُكه ْكمامَّز ا َو َوذ‬ٙ‫َو‬
11:25-48 We sent Noah to his people. (He said:) Indeed I am a
clear warner to you. You should not worship anyone except
Allah. Verily, I am afraid of punishment for you on a painful
day. Then the big shots of the unbelievers among his people
said: We do not see you except as a man like ourselves. And
we do not see any of your followers other than the lowest
among us (who are) immature in judgment. And we do not see
you have any dignity above us. We consider you as liars. Noah
said: O my people! Did you see that although I am with a clear
sign from my Lord and He has granted me mercy from Him, it
has been made invisible to you. Can we compel you to accept it
when you hate it? O my people! I do not ask you any reward
for that. My reward is with Allah alone. I will not drive away
(in contempt) those who believed. Verily they are to meet their
Lord and I see you as ignorant people. O my people! Who will
help me against Allah if I drove them away? Will you not then
think over? I do not tell you that the treasures of Allah are with
me nor do I know what is hidden. And I do not tell you that I
am an angel. I do not speak of those whom your eyes belittle
that Allah will not grant them anything good. Allah knows well
what is in their selves. (If I speak about them so), I will indeed
be one of the wrongdoers. They said: O Noah! You have
argued with us; then you have increased the argument with us
so much. So now you bring to us what you promise us (i.e., the
punishment) if you are telling truth. Noah said: Truly, Allah
will bring it on you if He wills and you cannot overpower Him.
Even if I want to advise you, my advice will not benefit you if
Allah wants to leave you astray. He is your Lord and to Him

you will return. Or do they say, “Noah has fabricated it (i.e.,
the revelation)?” Say: If I had fabricated it, my sin is on me and
I am free from the guilt of the sins you commit. It was
conveyed to Noah: “None of your people will believe except
those believed already. So do not grieve over what they were
doing. And you construct an Ark before Our eyes in
accordance with Our communication (to you) and do not speak
to Me regarding the wrongdoers. Indeed, they are going to be
drowned.” So he (started) constructing the Ark. Every time the
bigwigs among his people passed by him, they laughed at him.
He said: If you ridicule us, then we will also ridicule you as
you ridicule us. You will know afterwards who will get
shameful penalty and on whom the lasting punishment will
descend. Thus when Our command came and the fountains of
the earth gushed forth, We said: “Embark therein, of each kind
two, male and female, and your family except those (among
your family) against whom the word has already gone forth,
and the believers. And there were only a few believers with
him. So he (Noah) said: “You board the Ark. It moves and
stops in the name of Allah. Verily, my Lord is Oft-Forgiving,
Most Merciful.” So the Ark was sailing with them through the
waves (towering) like mountains. And Noah called out to his
son who was standing away in isolation: O my son! Board with
us and do not be with the unbelievers. The son replied: I will
move over to some mountain that will save me from the water.
Noah said: “Today nothing can save any from Allah‟s
command except whom He favoured.” And the waves came
between them and the son was among the drowned. Then the
word went forth: “O earth! Swallow up your water, and O sky!
Withhold (your rain). And the water receded and the matter
ended. The Ark rested on Mount Judi, and the word went forth:
“Curse to the wrongdoers!” And Noah called upon his Lord
and said: O my Lord! Surely my son is of my family and Your
promise is true. And You are the best of judges. He (i.e., Allah)
said: O Noah! He is not of your family; verily his deeds are not
good. So do not ask Me of which you have no knowledge. I do

advise you as you might become one of the ignorant. Noah
said: O my Lord! I seek refuge with You from asking You of
which I have no knowledge. And unless You forgive me and
have mercy on me, I will be among the losers. The word came:
“O Noah! Get down (from the Ark) with peace from Us and
blessing on you and on the communities with you. And there
are some communities to whom We shall grant pleasures (for a
time) but later they will get a grievous penalty from Us.”
‫َوِّنام ْكغُكوبافَو اْكػَو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل ْك ا‬ ٌ ‫وحافَو َو َّزذ ُكواا َوْك َو اَو ا َو َو اُكواا َوْكُكو ٌفا َو ْكازُكدجَو افَو َو َو َوارَّزهُكا ِّل َو‬ ‫َوك َّزذ َو ْك‬
‫تا َوػْكػَو ُكه ْكما َوػ ْكوُكـااُك ٍء‬
‫ضا ُكُكواًن افَو اْكَوػ َوق اااْك َو ُكا َو َو ٰى ا ْكَوم ٍء ا َو ْك ا ُك ِك َورا‬ ‫امْكػ َوه ِك ٍء ا َو فَو َّزج ْكاَو ْك‬ ‫ِك ِك ٍء‬
‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫ابااا َّز َو اِبَو ُك‬ ‫فَوػ َوفَو ْكحَو ا َوْكػ َوو َو‬
‫اك ِكفَو ا َو اَو َوق ْك ا َوػَوْككَو َو اآيَو ًنافَوػ َوه ْك ا‬ ‫اجَوا ًنااِك َو ْك َو‬
‫اك َوف ُك‬ ‫اتا َواْكو ٍءاحا دس ٍء َوْك ِك ِك‬
‫اَت ِكيا أَو ْك ُك َو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو َوَوْكَو هُكا َو َو ٰى ا َوذ َو َو ُك ُك‬
‫ام َّزكِك ٍء افَو َو ْك َو َو‬
‫اك َوفا َو َوذ ِكاِبا َو اُك ُكذ ِكراا‬ ‫م ْك ُك‬
‫ِك‬
54:9-16 Before them, the people of Noah rejected (their
apostle). They rejected Our servant calling him mad and he
was driven out. Then Noah prayed to his Lord: I have failed; so
You help (me). Then We opened the gates of the sky for
pouring down water. And We caused the earth to gush forth
with springs. Subsequently, (all) the water collected together
for an already decided matter. And We put Noah on an (Ark)
of planks and nails sailing before Our eyes. It was recompense
to the rejected one (i.e., Noah)! And We have preserved it as a
sign (for posterity). But is there any who remembers? Then
how (terrible) were My penalty and warning!
There have been some reports of discovery of the relic

of the Noah‟s Ark. The report supposed to be the most reliable
was that of the US team led by archaeologist Ron Wyatt, which
in 1987 discovered a boat-shaped object resting on a mountain
in Eastern Turkey. The relic was found to compare well with
the Biblical description of Noah‟s Ark. The Turkish
government officially recognized the site of Noah‟s Ark as
National Park and later upgraded it to the status of National
Treasure [23]. According to the Bible, Noah‟s Ark rested on
Mt. Ararat while the Quran reveals that Noah‟s Ark rested on
Mt. Judi following the great flood. There is confusion about the
ancient names of the locations given in the Scriptures.
p) Meeting of sweet water sea and saline sea without mixing

The Quran mentions about merging of two seas namely, one
pure and drinkable water and the other saline water, without
mixing.
‫ُكج ٌجا َو َوج َوع َوا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه َو ا ػَوْك َوز ًنخ ا َو ِكح ْكجًناا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اتا َو ٰىَو َوذاام ْك ٌحا َو‬
ٌ ‫بافُكػَو‬ ‫َو ُك َوواااَّزذ َو‬
ٌ ‫يامَو َوجاااْكَو ْكحَويْك ِك ا ٰىَو َوذاا َو ْكذ‬
‫َوْكُم ُكج ًنورا‬
25:53 It is He who holds the two oceans together; one very
pure (i.e., potable) and the other saline and bitter. And He
made between them a veil and an inviolable barrier.
‫َومَو َوجاااْكَو ْكحَويْك ِك ايػَوْكَو ِكقَو ِكفا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه َو ا ػَوْك َوز ٌخ َواَلايػَوْكغِكَو ِكفاا‬
55:19-20 He has let free the two seas to meet together.
Between them is a barrier. They cannot trespass.
‫ام َوعاااَّز ِكها‬ ‫ِكٰى‬ ‫اَل ار ِكاس ا جع ا ػ اااْك ح ي ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اح جًناا ۗ ا َوإاَوهٌ َو‬
‫ضا َوػَو ًناراا َو َوج َوع َواخ َوَل َوَلَو ا َواْكػ َوه ًنراا َو َوج َوع َو َوَو َو َو َو َو َو َو َو َو ْك َو َو ْك َو ْك َو‬
‫اج َوع َو ْك‬‫َّزَوم ْك َو‬
‫ۚ ا َو ْك ا ْك‬
‫َوكثَوػُك ُك ْكم َواَلايػَو ْكعَو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
27:61 Or (the One) who made the earth a habitat, made rivers
through it, set thereon nails (i.e., mountains) and made a barrier
between two seas? Is there (another) God along with Allah?
Nay, most of them do not realize.
These verses refer to particular scenario of meeting of
freshwater body like river and stream with saline sea. Such
situations can be seen near sea coasts where fresh water rivers
flow into the sea. Estuary is formed as a result of this. What is
so special and surprising about it is despite the meeting of fresh
water river with saline sea, the quality of the river water does
not change. A vertical partition zone with respect to salinity
level develops between the freshwater river and sea at the
meeting point (Fig. 4.6).
Fig. 4.6. Meeting of fresh water river with saline sea
This transition zone serves as the barrier between the two water
bodies. Photographer Kent Smith posted at Flickr a photo of
meeting of saline and fresh water bodies taken while on an
Alaskan cruise [24]. The photo showed the two seas met at a
point and remained distinctly separated from each other by the
foam formed at the junction. The place is just off shore where
the eastern part of Alaska descends down below the Yukon
Territory. Smith indicated that the picture showed the result of
meeting of two bodies of water with different densities – the
melting glaciers, which is fresh water, and the ocean with high
percentage of salt. This natural reality proves the Quranic
revelation of the barrier between fresh water body and saline
sea when the two meet.
The Quranic revelations requiring scientific

explanation
There are also messages in the Quran that cannot be
adequately supported by currently available scientific
information. More information is required to explain those
messages convincingly on scientific basis. All such revelations
relate to the fundamental aspects of the universal system. The
following are some of them.
a) Creation in pairs
A few verses inform us that Allah created everything in
pairs. Allah also urges us to think over it.
‫اخَو ْكقَو َوازْك َوج ْك ِك ااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َو َوذ َّزكُك َوفا‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫َو ِكم ْك ُك‬
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك َو‬
51:49 And of everything We created pairs so that you may
think (and understand).
‫ِك‬ ‫ااْلَوز اج ُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضا َو ِكم ْك ا َواْكػ ُكف ِك ِكه ْكما َوِمَّز َواَلايػَو ْكعَو ُك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ُك‬
‫ت ْك‬‫اكَّز َوه اِمَّز ا ُكػْكِك ُك‬ ‫ُكسْك َوح َوفاااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياخَو َوق ْك ْك َو َو‬
36:36 Glory to Allah who created in pairs all things that the
earth produces as well as their own (human) kind and (other)
things of which they have no knowledge.
‫اج َوع َوافِك َوه َوازْك َوج ْك ِك ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك ِّلاااثَّز َو َوات َو‬‫ضا َو َوج َوع َوافِك َوه َوارَو ِكاس َو ا َو َواْكػ َوه ًنراا ۖ ا َو ِكم ْك ُك‬
‫َّزااْل ْكَور َو‬
‫يام ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو ُك َوواااَّزذ َو‬
‫تااِكَوق ْكوٍءـايػَوَوػ َوف َّز ُك َواف‬
‫اثْكػَوػ ِك ا ۖ ايػ ْكغ ِك اااَّز اااػَّزه را ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َواْلي ٍء‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫ْك َو َو َو‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫ْك‬
13:3 And it is He who spread out the earth and set thereon
mountains standing firm and (flowing) rivers. And He made all
kinds of fruits (plants) with partners in pairs. He draws the
night as veil over the day. Verily in that are signs for those who
think.
‫ثافِك َوه ا‬
‫ض َوارَو ِكاس َو ا ْكَوف َواَتِك َو ا ِك ُك ْكما َو َو َّز‬ ‫اتا ِكغَو ْكِك ا َو َو ٍءا َوػَو ْك اػَو َوه ا ۖ ا َو َواْك َوق ٰى ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫خَوقااا َّز ِك‬
‫اك ِك ٍءا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ًنافَوأَواْكػَوْكػَو اف َوه ِكام ْك ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اك ِّل ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك ِّل َوازْك ٍءج َو‬ ‫ادا َّز ا ۚ ا َو َواْكػَواْكَو ام َو ااا َّز َو َو‬ ‫م ْك ُك َو‬
31:10 He created the skies without any visible pillar and He
fixed on the earth nails (mountains), lest it would tilt with you.
And He dispersed therein (i.e., on the earth) all kinds of
organisms. We sent down the rain from the sky and produced
therein (i.e., on the earth) all kinds of ideal pairs.
„Pairs‟ indicated for plant species in verses 13:3 and 31:10 is
generally understood as partners in sexual reproduction. In the
case of sexually reproducing plants we find variation in the
mechanism involved. There are plant species, which are
dioecious. That is, the male and female organs are found on
separate plants. There are also monoecious species in which
both male and female organs are found on the same plant.
Although most plants are sexually reproducing there are also
species that reproduce by asexual means. For example, moss
and ferns reproduce through spores. Therefore the Quranic
revelation of creation of plants in pairs does not indicate the
sexual pairs. Further the implication of the Quranic revelation
is not limited to plants alone; it covers everything Allah
created. Verses 51:49 and 36:36 indicate that. Accordingly,
existence of „pairs‟ like matter-antimatter, particle-antiparticle,
neutrino-antinutrino, electron-positron, etc. is also generally
interpreted that way as can be seen in Islamic literature and at
certain websites. However we need more scientific information
to clearly understand the implications of the revelation of
creation in pairs. Perhaps further advancement of science may
give the answer in future.
b) Earth – the first to be created

The Creator reveals to us that the earth was the first
component of the universe to be created. The rest of the
universe was created subsequently.
‫با‬ ُّ ‫ۚ ا ٰىذَواِك َو َوار‬ ‫وفااَوهُكا َواْك َو ًناداا‬‫ض ِكآتايػَو ْكوَوم ْك ِك ا َو َوْكَت َوعُك َو‬‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬
‫ياخَو َوق ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ْكفُك َوفا ِك اَّزذ َو‬ ‫ُك ْك ا َوئِكَّز ُك ْكمااَوَو ُك‬
‫ِك ٍء‬ ‫ااْكع اَو ِك ا جع افِك ه ار ِكاس ِكام افَوػوِكه ا رَوؾافِك ه ا َو ِك‬
‫َّزراف َوه ا َوْكػ َووا َوػ َوه ِكآتا ْكَورػَو َوع ا َويَّز ـ َو‬
‫اس َووا ًنا‬ ‫َو َو َو َو َو َو َو َو َو َو ْك ْك َو َو َو َو َو َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫اِك َّز ئِكِك َو ُك‬
‫اك ْك ًن ا َو اَوَو ا‬‫ضاائْك َو اطَوْكو ًن ا َوْك َو‬ ‫اَلَو ا َو ا ْكْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫اد َوخ ٌفافَوػ َوق َوؿ َو‬ ‫ااسَوػ َوو ٰى اإِك َوَلااا َّز َو ا َو َو ُك‬ ‫اّتَّز ْك‬
‫اْسَو ٍء ا ْكَومَو َو ا ۚ ا َو َوزيػَّزَّز ااا َّز َو َوا‬‫اك ِّل َو‬ ‫ات ِكآتايػَو ْكوَوم ْك ِك ا َو َوْك َوح ٰى ِكآت ُك‬ ‫اْس ٍء‬
‫اسْك َوع َوَو َو‬ ‫ض ُك َّز َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫َوَوػْكػَو اطَو ئع َو افَوػ َوق َو‬
‫ل ِك َوحا َو ِكح ْكفظًن ا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو ا َوػ ْكق ِكيُك اااْك َوع ِكي ِك اااْك َوعِك ِكماا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اا ُّ اْكػَو اِبَو َو‬
41:9-12 Say: “Do you deny the One (Allah) who created the
Lord of the worlds. He set on the (earth) firm mountains high
above it, and bestowed blessings on the earth, and fixed therein
its nourishment in four Days in accordance with (the needs of)
those who seek (sustenance). Then He turned to the sky and it
was smoke. He said to it and to the earth: “You both come
together willingly or as from compulsion. They said: “We do
come (together) obediently.” So He completed them as seven

skies in two Days and He assigned to each sky its command.
And We adorned the lower sky with lamps and rendered it
inviolable. Such is His decree, the Mighty, the Omniscient.
‫اْس ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اّتَّز ْك ِك‬ ‫ض َوِك‬ ‫ام ِكآت ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اتا ۚ ا‬ ‫اسْك َوع َوَو َو‬
‫ااسَوػ َوو ٰى اإ َوَلااا َّز َو افَو َو َّزوا ُك َّز َو‬ ‫اَج ًنع ُك‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ُك َوواااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياخَو َوقااَو ُك ْكم َو‬
‫َو ُك َووا ِك ُك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا َو ِك ٌام‬
2: 29 It is He who created for you all things that are on earth.
Then He turned to the sky and He perfected it as seven skies.
And of all things He has complete knowledge.
The Quranic message is very clear that Earth was the first to be
created. This revelation contradicts the current scientific belief
that the earth was the last to evolve following the evolution of
the galaxies.
The universe is believed to have originated about 13.7
billion years ago. The components began to form much later.
The following sequence has been proposed for the formation of
various components. The first component to form were
quasars. These are thought to be bright early active galaxies
and population III stars. From this, population II stars and
subsequently population I stars formed. Our solar system is
about 5 billion years old; that is roughly 8 to 9 billion years
after the big bang. Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago
by accretion from the solar nebula.
The Quranic revelation calls for re-examination of the
current views about the structural evolution of the universe.
Here again application of the Quran to science is required to
correct the hypothesis of the formation of the universal
components.
c) Organization of cosmic space as seven skies

In the Quran the universe is always referred to as „the
skies and the earth‟. This description of the universe giving
emphasis to Earth, although it is just a speck in the whole
system, must be seen from the teleological point of view

(discussed in chapter 13).
‫ض ٰى ا ْكَومًناافَوِكإَّزٔمَو ايػَو ُكق ُك‬ ‫ِكيعااا َّز ِك‬
‫وفا‬
‫اك ْك افَوػَو ُك ُك‬
‫وؿااَوهُك ُك‬ ‫ضا ۖ ا َو إِكذَواا َو َو‬
‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو ُك َو َو‬
2:117 To Him is due the primal origin of the skies and the
earth. When He decides a matter, He says to it, “Be”; then it
comes into being.
‫اّتَّزاااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬

‫اك َوفُك ا ِكَو ِّلِبِك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضا َو َوج َوع َواااظُُّك َو تا َواا َو‬
‫ُّورا ۖ ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ْك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اْلَو ْك ُك ااَّزهاااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياخَو َوقااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬
‫يػَو ْكع ِكاُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
6:1 Praise be to Allah who created the skies and the earth,
and made the darkness and the light. Yet those who reject Faith
equate others with their Guardian-Lord.
in six days, and then was seated on the Throne (of Authority).
(all) obeying His command. Are not the creation and command
His? Blessed be Allah, Lord of the worlds!
‫اّتَّز ْك‬ ‫اتا ِكغَو ْكِك ا َو َو ٍءا َوػَو ْك اػَو َوه ا ۖ ُك‬
‫ااْليَو تااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما ِك َوق َوارِّل ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل ُك ْك‬ ‫ام َو ًّ ا ۚ ايُك َو ػِّلُك ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَومَو ايػُك َوف ِّل‬ ‫َوج ٍء ُك‬‫اٖم ِكياْل َو‬ ‫َوااْك َوق َو َو ا ۖ ُك‬
‫اك َوْك‬
‫وف‬
Lord.
‫ضا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۚ ا َوػ َوع َو ٰىَلا َو َّز ايُك ْك ِكُكك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوخَو َوقااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬
16:3 He created the skies and the earth with just purpose. Far
is He above the partners they ascribe to Him!
Further Allah informs us that the cosmic space surrounding the
earth has been organized into seven skies one above the other.
‫اْسَو ٍء ا ْكَومَو َو ا ۚ ا َو َوزيػَّزَّز ااا َّز َو َوااا ُّ اْكػَو ا‬ ‫ات ِكآتايػَو ْكوَوم ْك ِك ا َو َوْك َوح ٰى ِكآت ُك‬
‫اك ِّل َو‬ ‫اْس ٍء‬
‫ض ُك َّز َو‬ ‫فَوػ َوق َو‬
‫ل ِك َوحا َو ِكح ْكفظًن ا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو ا َوػ ْكق ِكيُك اااْك َوع ِكي ِك اااْك َوعِك ِكام‬‫ِبَو َو‬
‫ِك‬
41:12 So He completed them as seven skies in two Days and
He assigned to each sky its command. And We adorned the
lower sky with lamps and rendered it inviolable. Such is His
decree, the Mighty, the Omniscient.
‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااَّز ِكذياخَوقاس ع َو ٍء ِك‬
‫اخ ْك ِكقاااَّز ْك ٰىَو ِك ام ْك ا َوػ َوف ُكتا ۖ افَو ْكرج ِكعاااْكَو َو‬
‫لَو ا‬ ‫ام ا َوػَو ٰى ِكآت َو‬
‫اْسَو َواتاطَو ًن ا ۖ َو‬ ‫َو َو َو ْك َو‬
‫َو ْك ا َوػَو ٰى ِكام ْك افُكطُك ا‬
‫ورٍء‬
67:3 (He) who created the seven skies one above the other.
You will not find any imperfection in the creations of (Allah)
the Most Merciful. Then you look (at them). Do you see any
fissure?
‫ِك‬

‫َو‬
‫ِس َرا ًجا‬
71:15-16 Do you not see how Allah has created seven skies
one above another, and made the moon a light in their midst
and made the sun a lamp?
The revelation of seven skies has been rather
misunderstood. Many scholars interpret it as the stratification
of Earth‟s atmosphere. Earth‟s atmosphere is also found to
have been layered. The principal five layers from the surface of
the earth upwards are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere,
thermosphere and exosphere (above 350-800 km depending on
the solar activity. There are also other layers within the
principal layers suggested based on certain properties. Ozone
layer, ionosphere, etc., are examples.
The Quranic revelation of seven skies denotes
stratification of the entire cosmic space surrounding the earth.
It is that space which is mentioned as the sky in verses 41:9-12
and 2:29 quoted above. It is that space, which is organized into
seven layers or strata one above the other (see Fig. 4.3) and not
the Earth‟s atmosphere. The revelation of stratification of
cosmic space into seven layers provides the organizational
design of the whole universe. The subject has not been studied
scientifically in the light of the Quranic revelation. This is
another area requiring the attention of astrophysicists.
d) Extraterrestrial distribution of organisms

Allah informs us about the creation and distribution of
organisms not only on the earth but also in other regions of the
universe.
‫ادا َّزٍءا ۚ ا َو ُك َووا َو َو ٰى اَجَوْكعِك ِكه ْكماإِك َوذاا‬ ‫ضا م ا َّز ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِكِك‬
‫ثاف ِكه َو ام ْك َو‬‫اخ ْك ُكقااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك َو َو َو‬
‫يَو َو ُكا َو ِكيٌا‬
earth and the organisms He distributed in both of them. And He
has power to gather them together when He feels so.
A lot of work is now being conducted to find out whether life
exists anywhere in the outer space. As of today no evidence has
been found to suggest there is life on any planet other than
Earth.
e) Appearance of a special organism on Earth

The Quran informs us of the lack of belief of the people
in the Quran and that Allah has ordained to produce an
organism that will remind mankind of this fact.
‫ام ْك ِك ُك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ت ِكاِبَو ِكدياااْك ُكع ِك ا َو َو ِك ِك‬
‫اض َوَلاَو ه ْكما ۖ اإ ْكفا ُك ْك ُكعاإَّزَل َو‬
‫ام ْك ايػُك ْك م ُك ا آيَو َو افَوػ ُكه ْكم ُك‬ ‫ْك ْك‬ ‫َو َوم ا َواْك َو‬
‫اك اُكواا ِكآيَو ِكَو َواَلا‬‫س َو‬ ‫ضا ُك َو ِّل ُك ُكه ْكما َّز‬
‫َوفاااَّز َو‬ ‫ادا َّزًن ِكام َو ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫اَلُك ْكم َو‬ ‫َو إِكذَواا َو َو َوعاااْك َوق ْكو ُكؿا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما ْك‬
‫َوخَو ْكجَو َو‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫يُكوِكُك َو‬
27:81-82 And you (Prophet Muhammad) cannot guide the
blind out of their straying. You can make listen only those who
believe in Our verses (the Quran) submitting themselves (to
Allah). And when that word comes to pass against them (i.e.,
the rejecters), we shall produce from the earth an organism to
(face) them. It will tell them that man does not believe firmly
in Our verses (the Quran).
Allah willing, with further advancement of science, the
implications of these verses will also become clear.
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19, 2012.
24. http://www.flickr.com/photos/kentsmith9/4955772693/
Accessed October 13, 2012.
5. THE DIVINE MISSION WITH

MAN AND UNIVERSE
What was the scenario before the creation of the
universe? For what purpose Allah created the universe and
man? The Quran gives answers to all these and more. Prior to
the initiation of creation, Allah alone was there. He is the
living, the eternal with no beginning and no end. He is the
Creator with supreme unique attributes and abilities (see
chapter 2). From the Quran we understand that Allah created
first the angels. The creation sequence that can be deduced
from the Quranic verses 2:30, 41:10-12 and 15:26-27 is: angels
followed by Earth, the skies, jinn and lastly man.
‫ام ْك ايػُك ْكف ِك ُك افِك َوه ا‬ ‫ضاخِك َوف ًنا ۖ ا َو اُكواا َو ِك‬
‫َوَت َوع ُكاف َوه َو‬
‫ْك‬ ‫اج ِك ٌ ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك َو‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو إ ْكذا َو َوؿ َوارُّ َو اا ْك َو َوَلئ َو اإ ِّلِّن َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وف‬ ‫ِّلسااَو َو ا ۖ ا َو َوؿاإ ِّلِّنا َو ْك َو ُكم َو‬
‫ام َواَلا َوػ ْكعَو ُك َوا‬ ‫ِّلم َوا َو َوْكْم ُك ااُك َو ِّل ُكحاِبَو ْك َوؾا َو اػُك َوق ُك‬
‫َو يَو ْك ف ُك ااا َو‬
2:30 Behold! Your Lord said to the angels: I am about to create
a vicegerent on earth.” They said: Will You place therein one
who will make mischief therein and shed blood while we do
chant Your praises and glorify Your holiness? He (Allah) said:
I know what you do not know.
‫اس َووا ًنااِك َّز ئِكِك َو ا‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬ ‫جع افِك ه ار ِكاس ِكام افَوػوِكه ا رَوؾافِك ه ا َو ِك‬
‫َّزراف َوه ا َوْكػ َووا َوػ َوه ِكآتا ْكَورػَو َوع ا َويَّز ـ َو‬ ‫َو َو َو َو َو َو َو َو ْك ْك َو َو َو َو َو َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اك ْك ًن ا َو اَوَو ا َوَوػْكػَو ا‬
‫ضاائْك َو اطَوْكو ًن ا َوْك َو‬ ‫اَلَو ا َو ا ْكْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫اد َوخ ٌفافَوػ َوق َوؿ َو‬ ‫ااسَوػ َوو ٰى اإِك َوَلااا َّز َو ا َو َو ُك‬ ‫ُكّتَّز ْك‬
‫اْسَو ٍء ا ْكَومَو َو ا ۚ ا َو َوزيػَّزَّز ااا َّز َو َوا‬ ‫اك ِّل َو‬ ‫ات ِكآتايػَو ْكوَوم ْك ِك ا َو َوْك َوح ٰى ِكآت ُك‬ ‫اْس ٍء‬
‫ض ُك َّز َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫طَو ئع َو افَوػ َوق َو‬
41:10-12 He set on the (earth) firm mountains high above it,
and bestowed blessings on the earth, and fixed therein its
nourishment in four Days in accordance with (the needs of)
those who seek (sustenance). Then He turned to the sky and it
was smoke. He said to it and to the earth: You both come
together willingly or as from compulsion. They said: We do
come (together) obediently. So He completed them as seven
skies in two Days and He assigned to each sky its command.
And We adorned the lower sky with lamps and rendered it

inviolable. Such is His decree, the Mighty, the Omniscient.
‫اخَو ْكقَو هُك ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ُك ِكام ْك ااَو ِكرا‬
‫اْلَو َّزف َو‬
‫ااْلاْك َوف ِكام اص ْكل ٍءؿ ِكام ا َو ٍءإام ُك ٍء‬
‫وفا َو ْك‬ ‫اخَو ْكقَو ْكِك َو ْك َو َو ْك َو َو ْك‬ ‫َو اَو َوق ْك َو‬
‫اا َّز ُك ِكوـاا‬
15:26-27 Indeed We created man from sounding clay of sticky
mud. And the jinn race We created before from the scorching
fire.
Knowledge of the purpose of an object is a pre-requisite
to understand it holistically in the right perspective. The
understanding of the object will be imperfect and erroneous if
the purpose is not known. This is true for the universe also. The
knowledgebase we generate about the universe and human life
in science is not only incomplete but is also misleading as it
lacks information on the purpose of creation. We will be able
to develop true knowledge of the universe and man only if we
know the purpose of creation. We cannot arrive at the purpose
of the universe through speculation and scientific
experimentation. The knowledge of the purpose is with the
Creator alone. He alone can provide that information. Allah
reveals that information not through science but through His
Book – the Quran. The Quran is the only source that reveals to
us the divine purpose of creation. The atheist scientific
community however argues that the universe was not created
but it originated by chance with no purpose to serve. It may be
reminded here that this notion is entertained by the scientific
community against scientific facts (see chapter 3). The Creator
addresses the atheists and unbelievers in clear harsh terms.
‫اك َوفُك اا ۚ افَوػ َوويْك ٌااِكَّز ِكذي َو ا‬
‫ضا َو َوم ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه َو ا َو ِكط ًنَلا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو اظَو ُّ اااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫اخَو ْكقَو ااا َّز َو َوا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬
‫َو َوم َو‬
‫َوك َوف ِك‬
‫اام َو اااَّز ِكار‬ ‫ُك‬
38:27 Not without purpose did We create the sky, the earth and
all in between! That is the impression of the unbelievers. So
woe to the unbelievers from the (punishment of) Fire!
‫ااَل َّزَّتَو ْكذاَو هُك ِكام ْك ااَو ُك اَّز ا‬

‫اَلْكًنو َو‬ ‫م اخَو ْكقَو ااا َّز ا ْكاْلَورضا م ا ػ ػَوػه َواَل ِكِك ااَووا َورْكداَو ا ْكَوفااػَو ِك‬
‫َّزخ َوذ َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو ْك َو َو َو َوْك ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫إِك ْكف ُك‬
‫اكَّز افَو َو اا‬
21:16-17 Not for fun did We create the skies and the earth and
all that is in between! If We had intended to make a pastime,
We would have made it from Ourselves; (but) by no means
would We do (it)!
‫اآتا َواْكػ ُكف ِك ِكه ْكما ۗ ا‬
‫وفا َو َوَلْكايػَوَوػ َوف َّز ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااْلَوَو ةِكااا ُّ اْكػَو ا ُك ما َو ِك ْك ِك ِك‬ ‫وفاظَو ِك ِك‬
‫ُك‬ ‫ااْلخَوةا ُك ْكما َو فُك َو َو‬ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫اام َو ْك‬ ‫يػَو ْكعَو ُك َو ًن‬
‫اكثِك ِك‬ ‫ۗ ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام َو ًّ ا ا َو إ َّزف َو ًن‬
‫اام َو ا‬ ‫ضا َو َوم ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه َو اإَّزَلا ْكْلَو ِّلقا َو َو‬
‫َوج ٍء ُك‬ ‫اخَو َوقاااَّزهُكااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫َوم َو‬
‫ااَّز ِكسا ِكِك َوق ِك َوارِّلِبِك ْكمااَو َو فِكُك َوفاا‬
30:7-8 They (only) know the exterior of the life of this world.
And they are heedless of the Hereafter. Do they not think about
themselves? Allah did not create the skies and the earth, and all
in between except with truth (i.e., with purpose) for a fixed
term. Yet there are many among people who deny meeting
with their Lord!
‫اخَو ْكقَو ُكٕمَو اإِكَّزَلا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا َو ٰىاَو ِك َّز ا ْك‬

‫َوكثَوػَو ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام َو‬
‫ضا َو َوم ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه َو َواَل َو َو‬
‫اخَو ْكقَو ااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬
‫وفاا‬
‫َوَلايػَو ْكعَو ُك َو‬
44:38-39 We had not created the skies, the earth and all in
between as (idle) sport. We created them in truth (with
purpose). But most of them do not understand.
‫ضا َو َوم ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه َو اإِكَّزَلا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۗ ا َو إِك َّزفااا َّز َو َو َواْل َو ٌا ۖ افَو ْك‬
‫ص َوف ِكحا‬ ‫اخَو ْكقَو ااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬
‫ااْلَو ِك َوا‬
‫اال ْكف َوح ْك‬
‫َّز‬
15:85 We had not created the skies, the earth and all between
them except for just ends. And the Hour will surely come. So
you excuse (their faults) beautifully (O Prophet!).
‫ام َو ًّ ا ۚ ا َوااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬

‫اك َوفُك اا َو َّز ا‬ ‫َوج ٍء ُك‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫ضا َو َوم ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه َو اإَّزَلا ْكْلَو ِّلقا َو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوم َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ض َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫اام ْكع ِك ُك‬
‫ُكاْكذ ُكر ُك‬
46:3 We created the skies and the earth and all in between in
truth (i.e., with purpose) and for a fixed term. But those who
reject Faith turn away from what they are warned of.
‫ضا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۚ ا َوػ َوع َو ٰىَلا َو َّز ايُك ْك ِكُكك َو‬
‫َوخَو َوقااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬
16:3 He created the skies and the earth with just purpose. Far
is He above the partners they ascribe to Him!
‫ضا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َو َواْليَو ًنااِكْك ُك ْك ِكمِك َوا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوخَو َوقاااَّزهُكااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬
29:44 Allah created the skies and the earth with truth (i.e.,
with purpose). Verily in that is a sign for the believers.
Purpose of creation
Allah conveys the purpose of creating man and the
universe through the following verses.
‫ساإِكَّزَلااِكَوػ ْكعُك ُك ِكفا‬ ‫ت ْكِك ِك‬
‫ااْل َّز ا َو ْكاْلاْك َو‬ ‫اخَو ْكق ُك‬
51:56 I have created jinn and man only to serve Me.
The purpose of creating man and jinn by Allah is to serve Him.
Allah uses the word abd to describe jinn and man. Abd in
Arabic means servant. In computer parlance the word abd
means robot. Way back in 1920, Karel Capek, Czech
playwright, portrayed human workers as „robots‟ („robota‟ in
Czechoslovakian means servitude) in his play „Rossum‟s
Universal Roboters‟. It is from this word, man‟s latest
technological marvel, robot, derives its name. Verse 51:56
reveals that man is created by Allah as His servant (abd).
Therefore, the Arabic word abd technically means robot.
Human beings endowed with intelligence, consciousness and
freewill (freedom to take decision) are created to serve Allah as
His vicegerents on planet Earth (Q. 2:30 quoted above).
The earth mentioned in verse 2:30 refers to the earth of
the next permanent universe (Q. 14:48, 21:104-105) where
human robots are intended to serve Allah forever. It is that
earth (and not the present earth) which is described in the
Quran as the Garden (or Heaven) that will be inherited by

Allah‟s selected human robots. See the following verses:
‫اح ِكاااْك َوق َّزه ِكرا‬
‫ضا اا َّز اتا ۖ ا ػ ز اااِكَّز ِكهاااْكو ِك‬
‫َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك َو َو َو ُك َو َوَو ُك‬
‫ضا َوْكػَو ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ُك‬
‫َّزؿ ْك‬
‫يػَو ْكوَوـا ُكػَو ُك‬
14:48 The Day the earth will be changed to a different earth
and so will be the skies, and they (human robots) will appear
before Allah, the One, the Irresistible.
‫اخ ْك ٍءقااُكعِك ُك هُكا ۚ ا َو ْك ًن اا َو َوْكػَو ا‬ ‫با ۚ َو‬
‫اك َو ا َو َو ْكاَو ا َوَّز َوؿ َو‬ ‫اكطَو ِّل ااا ِّل ِكج ِّلااِكْك ُك ُك ِك‬
‫يػَو ْكوَوـااَوطْك ِكويااا َّز َو َو َو‬
‫ااال ِكْلُك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ي َّز‬ ‫ااْلَور ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ضايَو ثػُك َوه ا َو د َو‬
‫َوف ْك ْك َو‬ ‫ور ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِك ِّل‬
‫اااذ ْكك ِك ا َّز‬ ‫اكَّز افَو ِك ِك َو ا َو اَو َوق ْك َو‬
‫اكَوْكػَو ِكآتاااَّزُك ِك‬ ‫ۚ اإِكاَّز ُك‬
21:104-105 The Day We roll up the sky like a scroll rolled up
for books! As We originated the first creation, so shall We
repeat it – a promise binding on Us. Truly shall We fulfill it.
Before this, We wrote in the Zaboor (the Book given to
Prophet David) after the Reminder (Taurat given to Moses)
that My righteous servants will inherit the earth (Heaven).
Not all human robots are going to be deployed by Allah
as vicegerents on the next Earth (i.e., Heaven), but only the
selected righteous human robots (Q. 21:105) will be admitted
to Heaven. Since man is bestowed with freewill, he has
discretionary freedom. He is at liberty to take decision himself.
He can either accept Allah as his Master and obey His
instructions or reject Him and His directions. This necessitates
testing of human robots for their obedience to Allah prior to
their deployment as His robots or servants. It is to test the
human robots the present temporary universe was created by
Allah.
‫اسَّز ِكا َويَّز ٍءـا َو َوك َوفا َو ْك ُك هُكا َو َو اااْك َو ِك ااِكَوْكػُك َووُكك ْكما َويُّ ُك ْكما‬
‫ياخَو َوقااا َّز َو َو َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اك َوفُك ااإِك ْكفا ٰىَو َوذاا‬‫تااَوَوػ ُكقواَو َّز اااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫وف ِكام ا ػع ِكاااْك و ِك‬
‫امْكػ ُكعوثُك َو ْك َو ْك َو ْك‬
‫َوح ا َو ًنَلا ۗ ا اَوئِك ا ُكػ ْك َو ِك‬
‫تاإاَّز ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫ْك َو ُك َو‬
‫امِك ٌا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫إَّزَلاس ْكحٌ ُك‬
11:7 It is He who created the skies and the earth in six days.
And His Throne was over water – in order to test which of you
are best in conduct. But if you tell them you will indeed be
raised up after death, the unbelievers will surely say this is

nothing but obvious sorcery.
‫ِك‬
‫وفا‬
‫تا َو ُك ْكم َواَلايُكظْكَو ُك َو‬ ‫س ِكاِبَو َو‬
‫اك َو َو ْك‬ ‫ضا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا َو اِكُك ْكجَو ٰى ُك‬
‫اك ُّااػَو ْكف ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َوخَو َوقاااَّزهُكااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬
45:22 Allah created the skies and the earth with truth in order
to recompense every soul what it has earned. And they will not
be treated unjustly.
This temporary universe serves as the infrastructure facility for
conducting the human robot testing. This universe will end on
completion of the test programme and a new universe will be
created. The present Earth, the habitat of human beings, serves
as the human robot testing laboratory. It is on Earth Allah has
provided all the necessary resources and means of livelihood
for a fixed term, the test period. This was revealed to Adam
and Eve while they were sent to this earth following their
failure in the first test in Heaven.
‫اح ٍء ا َو َوؿافِك َوه ا‬
‫ضام ػ َوق ا م عاإِك َو ٰىَل ِك‬ ‫ضا َو ُك ا ۖ ا َو اَو ُك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬
ٌ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك ُك ْك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫ض ُك ْكمااِكَوػ ْكع ٍء‬
‫َو َوؿاا ْك ِكطُكواا ػَو ْكع ُك‬
‫وفاا‬
‫اَّتْكَو ُكج َو‬ ‫َوْكَوػ ْكو َوفا َو فِك َوه َواَتُكوُك َو‬
‫وفا َو ِكمْكػ َوه ُك‬
7:24-25 He (Allah) said: “You (Adam and Eve) get down with
mutual enmity among yourselves. And on the earth is your
dwelling place and means of livelihood for a term (fixed). He
(Allah) said: “Therein shall you live and therein shall you die
and from there shall you be brought out (i.e., resurrection).
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ضااػَو ًن ُك ِك‬ ‫َوااَّزهُكا َواْكػَوَو ُك ْكم ِكام َو ْك‬
‫اّتَّزايُكع ُك ُكك ْكماف َوه ا َو ُك٘مْك ِك ُكج ُك ْكماإ ْكخَو ًن‬
‫اج اا‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك َو‬
71:17-18 And Allah produced you from the earth in large
numbers. Subsequently He returns you into it (the earth) and
gets you out (from it again on the Day of Resurrection).
The present life on Earth is therefore test life for man.

Allah has given this life to man as an opportunity to prove
one‟s voluntary submission to Him by living this life in
accordance with His commandments. So, it is up to the
individual to live accordingly and make his test life successful.
This is made amply clear in the following verse.
‫اص ِكْلًن ا َوْكػَو اااَّز ِكذ ُك‬

‫ياكَّز ااػَو ْكع َو ُكا ۚ ا َوَو َوَلْكااػُك َوع ِّل ْكُكك ْكم َو‬
‫ام ا‬ ‫َوخ ِك ْكجَو ااػَو ْكع َو ْك َو‬
‫مايلطَو ِكخ َو ِك‬
‫وفاف َوه َوارػَّزَو ا ْك‬ ‫َو ُك ْك َو ْك ُك‬
‫ام ْك ا َو َوذ َّزكَو ا َو َوج َو ُكك ُكماااَّزذيُك ا ۖ افَو ُكذ ُكواافَو َو اا ظَّز ا َو ام ْك ااَول ٍءا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫يػَوَو َوذ َّزكُك اف ه َو‬
35:37 Therein (Hell) they will cry aloud (for assistance): “Our
Lord! Get us out. We will do good deeds (and) not the (deeds)
we were doing.” (Allah will reply:) “Had We not given you
long enough life to think during that (period)?” And the warner
(also) came to you. So you taste (the fruit of your deeds). There
is no helper for the wrongdoers.
Death marks the end of the test life of an individual. After
death we will be resurrected. Everything one does during the
test life is being recorded in real time. That record forms the
dossier of performance of an individual. This record will be
handed over to the individual on the Day of Judgement
following resurrection based on which Heaven or Hell will be
awarded to him.
‫امْك ُك ًنورااا ْكػَوْكاكِكَو َو َو ا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ۖ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬
‫ِكجااَوهُكايػَو ْكوَوـاااْكقَو َوم اكَو ًن ايػَوْك َوق هُك َو‬
‫َو ُكك َّزاإاْك َو فا َواْكَو ْكمَو هُكاطَو ئَوهُكآتا ُكُكقها ا َو ُكٓمْك ُك‬
‫اح ِك ًن اا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫َوك َوف ٰى ا َوػ ْكف َو اااْكَوػ ْكوَوـا َو َوْك َو َو‬
17:13-14 Every man‟s fate We have fastened on his own neck.
On the Day of Judgment We will bring out for him a book (i.e.,
record or dossier), which he will find wide open. (He will be
told): “You read your record; sufficient are you today to assess
your account.”
The earth of the next universe is the Heaven (or
Garden) which Allah promised to His sincere devotees (who
are successful in the test) where they will live forever.
‫ثااَو َو ُكا ۖ افَوِك ْكع َوما‬ ‫ُكام ْك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َو اُكو ْك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫احْك ُك‬
‫ااْلَوَّز َو‬ ‫ضااػَوَوَوػ َّزو َو‬
‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫اااْلَو ْك ُك ااَّزهاااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياص َو َوػَو ا َو ْك َو هُكا َو َوْك َورثػَوَو ْك‬ ‫َو‬
‫َوجُك اااْك َوع م َوا‬
‫ْك‬
39:74 They (the successful human robots) will say: “All praises
to Allah who fulfilled His promise to us and made us the
inheritors of the earth (i.e., Heaven, which is the re-created
earth) to dwell anywhere we like in this Garden.” How superb
the reward of the (good) doers is!
In the light of these revelations, Allah‟s mission may be
summarized as follows. Allah created a conscious, intelligent
and free-willed robot to serve Him as His vicegerent on the
earth of a giant eternal universe. This free-willed robot is man.
The creation of a robot system with freewill and consciousness
is indicative of Allah‟s intention to have a workforce that
voluntarily accepts Him as the Master and submits to Him in
all humility. Since man is endowed with freewill he can either
accept Allah as his Master or reject Him. This necessitates
testing of human beings for their voluntary submission to the
will of God. Only those human robots who voluntarily accept
Him as their only Master and obey His orders during the test
will be selected to serve Him. The present temporary universe
was therefore created by God to provide the facility for testing
human robots. The present Earth is the laboratory, a simulated
environment representing, in a limited sense, Heaven – the
final abode promised by Allah to the successful human robots.
The life of human beings on this temporary earth is the test life.
During the test life the performance of each individual will be
recorded in real-time. At the end of the human robot testing
programme, this universe will end and the next permanent
universe will be created in continuation. The human robots will
be judged individually by Allah based on their test records and
the successful robots will be selected to serve Him forever in
Heaven (the Earth of the next universe) as His faithful
vicegerents. The others will get punishment in Hell. This is
briefly the divine mission.
A hypothetical example of humanoid robot testing

Man is created by Allah as His robot (servant). A robot
is a programmed machine designed to perform tasks desired by
its master. It is essentially a computer with three additional
features namely, sensors (which receive data from the
environment), microprocessors (which transform data into
information) and actuators (or muscles, which control the
energy requirement). Much progress has been made in the field
of robotics. Humanoid robot capable of walking, running,
playing, climbing, etc. has been developed (Fig. 5.1).
Fig. 5.1 Honda Asimo robot

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASIMO Accessed August 5, 2012.
The robots are programmed dedicated systems that can
be put to work not only in factories and other places of interest
but also in hostile environments where man dreads to tread.

The so-called humanoid robot, an artificial biosystem, which
can move, sense and work based on a software is nowhere near
the human biosystem in features and capabilities. The man-
made robot system is comparable with an animal biosystem.
Human biosystem is far beyond this level of sophistication. An
artificial biosystem like robot can mimic man if it can learn
(converting data into information consciously), speak, feel
(emotions, pain, etc.) and most of all, take decisions and act on
its own. As of today, man has not met his artificial counterpart.
Nevertheless, consider a hypothetical situation wherein
man did succeed (God willing) in developing a humanoid robot
system. Let us say, the system was developed to work in
certain special environments like hospital, planet, etc. Since the
system is provided with freewill, it is imperative that man tests
not only its electronic and mechanical efficiencies but also its
preparedness to obey its master and act willingly in the interest
of its master. Needless to say, the obedience of the system to its
master (man) and its wilful submission to him during the test
period form the most crucial criteria for judging its worth and
acceptability. This would necessitate real-time logging of the
activities of the robot during its test period for evaluation later.
A genuine question may be asked in this context. That
is, if the robots are programmed to obey their master, they
would have functioned as slaves and thus obviated the need of
testing. The question is justifiable only in human context
because man is a created system and not creator. Creator is one
who is not created but creates everything. The Creator alone
can have ego and not the created. Any programmed system
without freewill can act only as it is programmed. The entire
universe with all its nonliving and living components excepting
man is such a system. A „programmed obedience‟ is quite
different from the wilful voluntary obedience because in the
latter case, the system is consciously admitting the authority
and power of its master thereby satisfying the master‟s ego. To
that end Allah created the intelligent, conscious and free-willed

human robot system. Jinn (Q. 15:26-27, 51:56 quoted above) is
another. Being the Creator, Omniscient and Omnipotent (see
chapter 2), Allah creates anything of His choice. That is
Creator‟s prerogative, which is amply made clear in the
following verses.
‫بااِك َو ْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ا٘مْكُكقام اي ا ۚ ايػه ِك‬
‫باا َو ْك ايَو َو ُكاإاَو ثًن ا َو يػَو َوه ُك‬
‫ِك‬
ۚ ‫اتا ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ضا َو ُك َو َو َو ُك َو َو ُك‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫اَّزه ُك‬
‫ام ْك ُك ااا َّز َو َو َو‬
ُّ ‫يَو َو‬
‫اااذ ُكك َوورا‬‫ُك‬
42:49 “To Allah belongs the dominion of the skies and the
earth. He creates what He likes…”
Him)!
Coming back to the hypothetical humanoid robot
testing by man, ideally the humanoid robots should be tested in
a simulated environment corresponding to that of their future
place of work where they will be deployed. For instance, if the
humanoid robot is intended for use in underground mines, the
robot should be designed to suit that environment, and the test
laboratory should be similar to the mine environment. Further,
the laboratory should provide all the necessary amenities and
facilities for the sustenance of the robots during the entire test
period. It is also important to convey to them by man the
objectives of the test and what man expects from them. Man
should also formulate for them rules and code of conduct for
maintaining social harmony, justice and peace during the test
period. The instructions and rules formulated by man as
guidance to his test subjects during the test period are
essentially what constitute their religion. The most efficient
and effective method of conveying the religious messages
would be through representatives selected from among the

robots themselves.
Besides, man should also teach the robots how to use
the facilities provided in the laboratory, how to utilise the raw
materials available there for making things useful to them, how
to repair the components and gadgets provided in the
laboratory as well as their own repair. This knowledge would
constitute their science and technology. The scientific and
technological knowledge can also be transmitted to them
through selected robots (i.e., scientists).
During the test period, man will be evaluating the
performance of the robots on individual basis. Besides
monitoring the activities of the robots, the activities of each
robot can also be recorded in its memory. The memory storage
thus forms the record of its performance during the test period
which can be evaluated later by man. Only those who are found
to have obeyed his instructions will be selected for serving
him. This example of testing a hypothetical free-willed
humanoid robots by man will help understand the mission of
Allah with man and the universe He created.
Islam, Muslim and test of man
In this context, every individual should know what is
Islam, who is Muslim, and why man alone is tested by Allah
and not any other of His creations? These are some of the
fundamental questions pertaining to Allah‟s religion and
human life on this earth. All these issues have been explained
in the Quran, which can be convincingly understood with the
help of science.
Allah‟s creations are systems that function in
accordance with His instructions or more correctly, divine
programs.
‫اْسَو ٍء ا ْكَومَو َو ا ۚ ا َو َوزيػَّزَّز ااا َّز َو َوا‬

‫اك ِّل َو‬ ‫ات ِكآتايػَو ْكوَوم ْك ِك ا َو َوْك َوح ٰى ِكآت ُك‬ ‫اْس ٍء‬
‫ض ُك َّز َو‬‫فَوػ َوق َو‬
‫ل ِك َوحا َو ِكح ْكفظًن ا ۚ ا ٰىذَواِك َو ا َوػ ْكق ِكيُك اااْك َوع ِكي ِك اااْك َوعِك ِكام‬ ‫ِك‬
He assigned to each sky its command (program). And We
adorned the lower sky with lamps and rendered it inviolable.
Such is His decree, the Mighty, the Omniscient.
It can be inferred from the verse that both nonliving and living
components of the universe work as per the divine instructions
carried in them. Scientifically, we may explain these
instructions as chemical information encoded by the chemical
structures of nonliving things, and biological information
(biological program) stored on the cell chromosomes of the
living beings. The subject is discussed in detail in chapters 7
and 9.
Let us now consider the Quranic verses relating to
universal components other than man (Q. 16:48-50; 30:26,
7:54, 13:15, 28:68).
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اس َّزج ًن اا‬‫اخَو َوقاااَّزهُكام ْك ا َو ْك ايػَوَوػ َوفَّزأُكاظ َوَلاُكهُكا َو ِك اااْكَو ِك ا َواا َّز َو ئ ِك ُك‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫َوَو َوَلْكايػَوَو ْك ااإ َو ٰىَل َو‬
‫ادا َّزٍءا َوااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ُكا َو ُك ْكم َواَلا‬ ‫ااْلَور ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫اِكَّز ِكها م ِك‬
‫ضام ْك َو‬ ‫ام ِكآتااا َّز َو َواتا َو َوم ِكآت ْك ْك‬ ‫اداخُك َوفا َو اَّزهايَو ْك ُكج ُك َو‬ ‫َو ُك ْك َو‬
‫ام ايػُك ْك َومُك َوفا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وف َوارػَّز ُكه ْكمام ْك افَوػ ْكو ِكه ْكما َو يػَو ْكف َوعُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وف َو‬ ‫ا٘مَو فُك َو‬
‫ْكِب َوف َو‬
‫يَو ْك َو ُك‬
16:48-50 Do they not look at things Allah created? Their
shadows tilt towards right and left prostrating to Allah in
humility. And to Allah prostrate all living things in the skies
and in earth, and the angels. And they are not arrogant. They
all fear their Lord above them and they function as they are
instructed (i.e., as programmed).
‫اك ااَوهُكا َو اِكُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫اَوهام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫ضا ۖ ُك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو ُك َو ْك‬
30:26 To Him belongs every being that is in the skies and the
earth. All are subservient (i.e., functioning as programmed) to
Him.
(all) obeying His command (instructions or programs). Are not
the creation and command His? Blessed be Allah, Lord of the
worlds!
13:15 To Allah prostrate whoever there is in the skies and in
the earth obediently and compulsorily (i.e., programmed
behaviour) and (so do) their shadows in the mornings and
evenings.
‫اسْك َوح َوفاااَّز ِكها َو َوػ َوع َو ٰىَلا َو َّز ايُك ْك ِكُككو‬ ‫اَلم ْكِك‬
Him)!
These revelations indicate that every component of the
universe including living species other than man was created
by Allah as fully subservient system with absolutely no
freedom to act on their own They in fact form part and parcel
of the infrastructure facility and resources created for testing
man (discussed in detail in chapter 13). They are totally
programmed dedicated systems like our current breed of
robots. They all function as programmed by Allah.
‫ضاطَوْكو ًن ا َو َوك ْك ًن ا َو إِكاَوْك ِكهايػُكْك َوج ُكع َو‬ ‫وفا اَوها َوسَومام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫وفا‬ ‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َوفَوػغَوْكػَو ادي ِك اااَّزهايػَوْكػغُك َو َو ُك ْك َو َو ْك‬
3:83 Do they seek (a religion) other than the religion of
Allah while all creatures in the skies and the earth have
obediently and compulsorily submitted to His Will and they all

shall be brought back to Him?
Verse 3:83 declares that Allah‟s religion Islam means Allah‟s
instructions, which every creature obeys. Therefore, Islam can
be defined as Allah‟s instructions for His creations. Muslim
can be defined as the one who obeys Allah‟s instructions.
Accordingly, we find all the living and nonliving components
of the universe as indicated in the verses quoted above are
Muslims. Islam is thus the natural religion for the created. In
other words, they all follow Allah‟s religion Islam meaning
they all function in accordance with His instructions submitting
to Allah. This indicates they are totally programmed systems.
They cannot disobey Allah because they are not endowed with
freedom to act on their own. In contrast to that, man is
bestowed with freedom to take decision and act. And hence,
not all human beings obey His instructions (given in the
Scriptures prescribed for the people of different times. For us it
is the Quran) and submit to Him. This is made clear in the
following verse.
‫اتا َو َوم ْك ِكآت ْك ِك‬ ‫َوفاااَّزهاي ج ُك ااَوهام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫وـا‬
‫ُّج ُك‬
‫سا َوااْك َوق َو ُك ا َواا ُك‬‫ااْل ْكَورضا َواا َّز ْك ُك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َوَلْكا َوػَو ا َّز َو َو ْك ُك ُك َو ْك‬ ‫َو‬
‫ابا ۗ ا َو َوم ْك ايُكِكه ِك اااَّزهُكا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اْلِك ُكؿا اا َّزج ا اا َّز ُّ ِك ِك‬
‫ابا َو َوكث ٌام َو اااَّز ِكسا ۖ ا َو َوكث ٌ َو‬
‫اح َّزقا َو َوْكهاااْك َوع َوذ ُك‬ ‫َو ْك َو َو َو ُك َو َو‬
‫ٍء ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك ِكـا ۚ اإ َّزفاااَّزهَوايػَو ْكف َوع ُك َو‬
‫ام ايَو َو اُك‬ ‫فَو َو ااَوهُكام ْك ُك‬
22:18 Did you not see that whoever in the skies and whoever
in the earth, the sun, the moon, the stars, the mountains, the
trees, the animals and a large number of human beings
prostrate to Him? But a large number (of men also) deserve
punishment. Whoever Allah disgraces, none will be there to
honour him. Allah does what He intends.
This verse indicates that man alone is given freewill and no
other component of the universe. Therefore he can either
choose to obey Allah or ignore Him. It is this fact that Allah
points out in the verse. Not all human beings are obedient and
subservient to Him but only some of them. This in fact
necessitates testing of human beings. The part of human

biosystem that is bestowed with discretionary freedom or
freewill is qalb (see chapter 11). What Allah expects from
human beings is that they should all become Muslims
(subservient to Allah) voluntarily by obeying His instructions,
the Quran.
We find every message in the Quran is centred round
this divine mission of human robot testing. The universe and
the human biosystem have built-in programs and mechanisms
to accomplish the divine mission automatically. The entire
mission is carried out by Allah in a totally programmed
manner. This aspect is very important to comprehend the
Quranic revelations relating to the universe. The universe is
natural computer system designed, programmed and created by
Allah to meet the divine purpose of human robot testing. We
will find the created systems match perfectly with the divine
mission. This matching is another confirmatory evidence of the
divinity of the Quran and existence of God. The physical
universe and human life should be studied and understood from
the divine perspective. That approach alone will yield true
knowledge. It will be then will we find the pieces of the great
puzzle – man and the universe – start falling in place.
6. ORIGIN OF ENERGY AND THE

PROCESS OF CREATION
There are several phenomena that remain undefined and
unexplained in science. These include energy, process of
creation, self-propelled self-regulated functioning of the
universe, phenomena of life and death, human mind, human
memory, etc. All these phenomena can be understood and
explained in the light of the Quranic revelations. Scientists
have been trying to understand these phenomena over the past
several decades but to no avail. The reason for their failure is
that these phenomena cannot be understood by testing
hypotheses through experiments. These can be understood only
in conjunction with relevant Quranic revelations. Application
of the Quran is necessary to understand these phenomena.
Energy
The universe may be described as a system in which
energy in diverse matter and non-matter forms is distributed in
space. No one knows the nature of this fundamental entity
called „energy‟. Matter is basically anything that has mass.
Non-matter energy exists in various forms namely, heat
(thermal), light (radiant), mechanical, electrical, chemical, and
nuclear. Energy is also categorized as stored (potential) energy
and working (kinetic) energy. For example, the energy from
the food we eat is stored in our body as chemical energy until
we use it. Much of the energy we use for various purposes
comes from non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels (coal,
oil and gas). Renewable energy sources include solar power,
wind power and hydroelectric power. From a holistic point of
view, the universal system can be looked at as manifestations
of energy in diverse forms. But the fundamental nature of
energy remains unknown in science.
According to Richard Feynman (italics added), “It is

important to realize that in physics today, we have no
knowledge of what energy is. We do not have a picture that
energy comes in little blobs of a definite amount.” [1]. David
Rose states: “(It) is an abstract concept invented by physical
scientists in the nineteenth century to describe quantitatively a
wide variety of natural phenomena.” [2]. For practical purposes
we define energy in terms of its manifested characteristics. A
well-known definition of energy is that given by Dave Watson:
“Energy is a property or characteristic (or trait or aspect?) of
matter that makes things happen, or, in the case of stored or
potential energy, has the “potential” to make things happen.”
[1]. Obviously, it is not through science Allah reveals to us
what energy is but through the Quran. The Quranic verses
relating to the process of creation provide this information.
Allah – the Creator, the Programmer
Allah created everything in the universe from just one
entity – energy. The process of creation has been long since
perceived as “creation from nothing” (creatio ex nihilo). The
“nothing” must be something that is intangible to us. At several
places in the Quran Allah informs us that for creating a thing,
Allah only has to say “Be to it” (Q. 2:117). It is this revelation
that holds the key to understanding the process of creation.
‫ض ٰى ا ْكَومًناافَوِكإَّزٔمَو ايػَو ُكق ُك‬ ‫ِكيعااا َّز ِك‬
‫وفا‬
‫اك افَوػَو ُك ُك‬
‫وؿااَوهُك ُك‬ ‫ضا ۖ ا َو إِكذَواا َو َو‬
‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو ُك َو َو‬
2:117 To Him is due the primal origin of the skies and the
earth. When He decides a matter, He says to it, “Be”; then it
comes into being.
It is pertinent to note here that Allah says “Be” to the
thing He is going to create. This means that the thing Allah is
going to create is already there with Him in a form intangible
(ghayb) to man. This intangible (or invisible) entity may be
considered as “energy”. The Quran also tells us what the
energy is and how it originates.
‫ام ْك َوَوا َو ِكج ًنه ا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬

‫ااْسُكهُكاااْك َو ُكحا َو اا ْك ُك َو‬ ‫ام ْك َوُكاإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوايػُكَو ِّل ُك ِكؾا ِك َو ِك َو ٍء ِّل‬
‫امْكهُك ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫إ ْكذا َو اَوتاااْك َو َوَلئ َو ُكايَو َو‬
‫ِكٓتااا ُّ اْكػَو ا َو ْكاْل ِكخَوةِكا َو ِكم َو اااْك ُك َوقَّزِك َوا‬
3:45 Behold! The angels said: “O Mary! Allah gives you glad
news of a Word (kalimat) from Him. His name will be Jesus
Christ son of Mary, held in honour in this world and in the
Hereafter and one of those nearest to Allah.
‫وفا‬
‫اك افَوػَو ُك ُك‬ ‫إِكَّزٔمَو ا َوػ ْكواُكَو ااِك َو ْك ٍء اإِك َوذاا َوَورْكداَو هُكا َوفاا ُكػَّزق َو‬
‫وؿااَوهُك ُك‬
16:40 It is only Our Word (qawlu) for anything. When We
intend anything, We only say to it “Be” and then it comes into
being.
‫اسَو َوقا‬
‫ام ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ُّورا ُكػ ْكَو اا ْكِك ْك افِك َوه ِكام ْك ُك‬
‫اك ٍّ َوازْك َوج ْك ِك ااثْكػَوػ ْك ِك ا َو َو ْك َو َو اإَّزَل َو‬ ‫ااج َوا ْكَومُكاَو ا َو فَو َوراااَّزػ ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوح َّز ٰىَّتاإ َوذ َو‬
‫ام َوعهُكاإِكَّزَلا َوِك ٌا‬ ‫اآم َو ا ۚ ا َو َوم َو‬
‫اآم َو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو َوْكهاااْك َوق ْكو ُكؿا َو َوم ْك َو‬
11:40 Thus when Our command came and the fountains of the
earth gushed forth, We said (to Prophet Noah): “Embark
therein, of each kind two, male and female, and your family
except those (among your family) against whom the Word has
already gone forth, and the believers. And there were only a
few believers with him.
‫تا َو َو ا‬ ‫اْس ا َوْكِكعِك ا ِك ضاااْك ا ُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اسَوػ َوو ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَومُك ا َو ْك‬
‫ض َو ْك‬ ‫َو َو َو ُك َو‬ ‫ام َوؾا َو يَو َوَو ُك‬ ‫ضاا ْكػَوع َو‬ ‫َو َوايَو ا ْكَور ُك‬
‫يا ۖ ا َو ِك َوا ػُك ْكع ًن اااِكْك َوق ْكوِكـاااظَّز اِك ِك َوا‬ ‫اْل ِك‬
‫ود ِّل‬ ‫ْكُك‬
11:44 Then the Word went forth: “O earth! Swallow up your
water, and O sky! Withhold (your rain). And the water receded
and the matter ended. The Ark (Prophet Noah‟s Ark) rested on
Mount Judi, and the Word went forth: “Curse to the
wrongdoers!”
‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك اي ااُك ِك ِك ٍء ِك‬
‫اّتَّزا‬
‫ِّلع ُكه ْكم ُك‬
‫اسُك َو ػ ُك‬ ‫وحاا ْك ْكطا َو َوَلـامَّز ا َو ػَوَوَوك تا َو َوْك َو ا َو َو َو ٰى ا َوُكم ٍءماِمَّز ْك َو‬
‫ام َوع َو ا ۚ ا َو َوُكم ٌم َو‬ ‫َو َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ابا َوا ٌام‬ ‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫مَو ُّ ُكه ْكمامَّز ا َو َوذ‬ٙ‫َو‬
11:48 The Word came: “O Noah! Get down (from the Ark)
with peace from Us and blessing on you and on the
communities with you. And there are some communities to
whom We shall grant pleasures (for a time) but later they will
get a grievous penalty from Us.”
‫ابا َو ِك ٍءيا‬
‫وداا ااَّز ِكذي اآمُكواامعهُكا ِك ْك َوٍء ِكامَّز ا َوّمَّزْكػَو ُك م ِكام ا َو َوذ ٍء‬
‫ْك ْك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫اّمَّزْكػَو ا ُك ًن َو َو َو َو َو َو‬
‫اج َوا ْكَومُكاَو َو‬
‫َو اَو َّز َو‬
11:58 So when Our command came, We saved Hud and the
believers with him by mercy from Us. We (Allah) saved them
from a severe penalty.
‫اخ ْك ِكيايػَو ْكوِكمئِك ٍءذا ۗ اإِك َّزف َوارَّز َو ا ُك َووا‬

‫اّمَّز ػَو اص ِكْل ا ااَّز ِكذي اآمُكواامعها ِك ْك ٍء ِكامَّز ا ِكم ِك‬
‫اج َوا ْكَومُكاَو َو ْك َو ًن َو َو َو َو َو ُك َو َو َو ْك‬ ‫فَوػَو َّز َو‬
‫ياااْك َوع ِكيُكا‬ُّ ‫ااْك َوق ِكو‬
11:66 When Our decree came, We saved Salih and the
believers with him by mercy from Us and (We saved them)
from the ignominy of that day. Indeed your Lord is Strong and
Mighty.
‫اس ِّلج ٍء امْكض ٍء‬
‫ودا‬ ‫احج رةًن ِكام ِك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫فَوػَو َّز اج ا َوم اَو اجع ْك ا اِك ػه ِك‬
‫َو ُك‬ ‫اس فَو َوه ا َو ْكَومطَوْكاَو ا َو َوْكػ َوه َو َو ْك‬
‫َو َو ْك ُك َو َو َو َو َو َو َو‬
11:82 Thus when Our decree came, We turned (the cities)
upside down and rained down on them brimstones as hard as
baked clay, spread, layer on layer –
‫تاااَّز ِكذي َو اظَوَو ُك و َّز‬

‫اااالْك َوح ُكا‬ ‫اّمَّز ػَو ا ُك ع ا ااَّز ِكذي اآمُكواامعها ِك ْك ٍء ِكامَّز ا َوخ َوذ ِك‬
‫اج َوا ْكَومُكاَو َو ْك َوْكًن َو َو َو َو َو ُك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫َو اَو َّز َو‬
‫اج ِكْثِك َوا‬ ‫فَوأَوص حو ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اآتاديَو ِكر ْكم َو‬ ‫ْك َو ُك‬
11:94 When Our decree came, We saved Shu‟aib and the
believers with him by mercy from Us and the (mighty) sound
seized the wrongdoers. Thus by daybreak they lay with their
faces down in their homes.
‫اكِك ٌاس ػ َوقت ِكام ارِّل َو ااَو ُكق ِك‬
‫ض َو ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكما ۚ ا‬ ۚ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫بافَو ْكخُك َو اف ها ا َو اَو ْكوَوَل َو َو َو َو ْك ْك َو‬ ‫وس اااْك َو َو‬ ‫ام َو‬
‫َو اَو َوق ْك اآ َوػْكػَو ُك‬
‫ام ِك ٍءا‬
‫يب‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫َو إا ُكػَّزه ْكمااَوف ا َو ٍّ امْكهُك ُك‬
11:110 We certainly gave the Book to Moses but differences
arose therein. Had it not been for a Word that had gone forth
before from your Lord, the matter would have been decided
between them (then itself). And they are indeed in disquieting
doubt about it.
ًّ ‫ام َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اكِك ٌاس ػ َوق ِك‬

‫َوج ٌ ُك‬
‫تام ْك َوارِّل َو ااَو َو َوفااَو ًنام ا َو َو‬
‫َو اَو ْكوَوَل َو َو َو َو ْك‬
20:129 Had it not been for a Word that went forth before from
your Lord, (their punishment) would have become inevitable
but there is a term fixed (for respite).
‫اك اُكواا ِكآيَو ِكَو َواَلا‬
‫س َو‬ ‫ضا ُك َو ِّل ُك ُكه ْكما َّز‬
‫َوفاااَّز َو‬ ‫ادا َّزًن ِكام َو ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫اَلُك ْكم َو‬ ‫َو إِكذَواا َو َو َوعاااْك َوق ْكو ُكؿا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما ْك‬
‫َوخَو ْكجَو َو‬
‫يُكوِكُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
27:82 And when that Word comes to pass against them (i.e.,
the rejecters), we shall produce from the earth an organism to
(face) them. It will tell them that man did not believe firmly in
Our signs (messages).
‫َو َو َو َوعاااْك َوق ْكو ُكؿا َو َوْك ِكه ْكم ِكاِبَو اظَوَو ُك واافَوػ ُكه ْكم َواَلايػَوْك ِكط ُكق َو‬
‫وفا‬
27:85 And the Word will be fulfilled against them because of
their wrongdoing and they will not be able to speak (i.e., plead)
then.
‫ب ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ِك ِكها ُك ْكما ِكِكهايػُك ْك ِكمُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اَلُك ُكماااْك َوق ْكو َوؿااَو َوعَّز ُكه ْكمايػَوَو َوذ َّزكُك َوفاااَّزذي َو اآ َوػْكػَو ُك ُكماااْك َو َو‬
‫ص ْكَو َو‬
‫َو اَو َوق ْك ا َو َّز‬
‫ام ْك ِك ِك َو اا‬ ‫ااْل ُّق ِكام ارػِّلَو اإِكاَّز ُك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اكَّز ام ْك ا َوػْك ه ُك‬
‫ِكِك ِك‬
‫ااآمَّز ا هاإاَّزهُك ْكَو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو إذَواايػُكْكػَو ٰى ا َو َوْكه ْكما َو اُكو َو‬
‫ِك‬
28:51-53 And certainly We have made the Word reach them so
that they remember. Those to whom We sent the Book before
this, they will believe in this (i.e., the Quran). And when it (i.e.,
the Quran) is recited to them, they will say: “We believe in
that. Indeed it is the truth from our Lord. Verily we have been
Muslims even before this.
These verses reveal that it is Allah‟s Word that creates
everything (both living and nonliving) and every phenomenon.
Allah‟s Word can be therefore considered as the intangible or
the ghayb form of energy that carries His instructions. In
computer parlance instructions in the right sequence describe a
program or software. Therefore Allah‟s Word signifies
intangible (ghayb) program. This is evident from verse 3:45,
which tells us that Jesus Christ was created from Allah‟s Word.
That means Allah‟s Word formed the biosoftware of Jesus

Christ (see chapters 9 and 10).
The Quranic revelation that for creating a thing Allah
only has to say “Be to it” (Q. 2:117; 16:40) therefore implies
that divine programs (Allah‟s Words) for creating anything are
kept with Him. A couple of verses also indicate that.
‫اكِك تارِّلِبا اَوو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ُك ااَّزْكو َو‬
‫اجْكئػَو ا‬ ‫اك َوفاااْكَو ْكحُك ام َو ًناداااِّل َو َو ت َوارِّلِبااَوَوف َو اااْكَو ْكحُك ا َوػْك َوا َوفا َو َوف َو َو َو ُك َو َو ْك‬
‫ام َو ًندا‬ ‫ِكِك ِك ِك‬
‫ِبثْك ه َو‬
18:109 Say: If the ocean were (used as) ink (to write) the
Words of my Lord, the ocean would have been exhausted
before the Words of my Lord are completed, even if We bring
another ocean like it as support.
‫ام ااَوِكف ت َو ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ااْلَور ِك ِك‬
‫تا‬
‫اك َو ُك‬ ‫مُكُّهُكام ا ػَو ْكع ه َو‬ٙ‫ضام ا َو َوجَوةٍءا َوْك َوَل ٌـا َوااْكَو ْكحُك َوا‬
‫اسْكػ َوع ُكا ْكَوِبُك ٍء َّز َو ْك‬ ‫َو اَو ْكوا َوَّزٔمَو ِكآت ْك ْك‬
‫اح ِك ٌام‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ااَّزها ۗ اإ َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ِكيٌ َو‬
31:27 And if all the trees on earth were pens and the ocean
(were ink), with seven (more) oceans behind it to add (to its
supply), yet the Words of Allah will not be exhausted (in
writing). Verily Allah is Mighty, Wise.
These verses reveal the existence of an infinitely large
collection of Allah‟s Words or what can be considered as
divine software base. If these verses are examined in
conjunction with verse 2:117 or 16:40, it will be evident that
Allah only has to give a command “Be” to the program
concerned in the software base and it comes into being.
Energy may be therefore defined as Allah‟s Word – the
entity that carries Allah‟s instructions. In scientific terms,
energy is divine information or divine software, which has the
ability to self-operate as per the divine instructions carried in it.
Energy = Allah‟s Word = Allah‟s instructions = intangible
software
Allah‟s promise is also His Word, which will be

fulfilled without fail. Allah also informs there is none or
nothing that can change His Word.
‫اخ اِك ِكي َو افِك َوه ا‬ ‫يام ْك ا َوْكِك َوه ْك‬
‫اَت ِك ِك‬
‫ت َوْك‬ ‫تاسُك ْك ِكخُكهماجَّز ٍء‬
‫اااال ْلَو َو ُك ْك َو‬
‫ااَّز ِكذي اآمُكواا ِك ُكو َّز ِك ِك‬
‫َو َو َو َو َو‬
‫َوص َو ُكؽ ِكام َو اااَّز ِكها ِك ًنا‬
‫َل‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوَو ًن اا ۖ ا َو ْك َو اااَّزه َو‬
‫اح ًّق ا ۚ ا َو َوم ْك ا ْك‬
4:122 But those who believe and do good deeds, we shall
admit them to Gardens with rivers flowing beneath to dwell
therein forever. Allah‟s promise is truth. And whose word can
be truer than Allah‟s?
‫تاااَّز ِكها ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو ا ُك َوواااْك َوف ْكوُكزا‬
‫ااْل ِكخ ةِكا ۚ َواَلا َوػ ِكي ااِك َو ِك ِك‬
‫ْك َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫َوَلماااْك ْك ٰى ِكآت ْك ِك‬
‫ااْلَوَو ةااا ُّ اْكػَو ا َوٓت ْك َو‬ ‫ُك ُك ُك َو‬
‫ااْك َوع ِكظ ُكام‬
10:64 They have glad tidings in the life of this world and in
the Hereafter. No change occurs to the Words of Allah.
That is the great success.
‫ااْلِكَّز ِكا َوااَّز ِكسا‬
‫َّزم ِكام َو ْك‬
‫اج َوه َو‬ ‫اح َّزقاااْك َوق ْكو ُكؿ ِكام ِّل َواْل ْكَوم َوْل َّز‬
‫َوف َو‬
‫ٰى ِك‬
‫سا ُك َو ا َو ا َو اَو ْك َو‬ ‫َو اَو ْكوا ِك ْكئػَو َواْل َوػْكػَو ُك‬
‫اك َّزااػَو ْكف ٍء‬
‫َوَجَوعِك َوا‬
‫ْك‬
32:13 If We had so willed, We would certainly have brought
every soul its true guidance; but the Word from Me (that) I will
fill Hell with jinn and man all together has come true.
‫فَو َوح َّزقا َو َوْكػَو ا َوػ ْكو ُكؿ َوارػِّلَو ا ۖ اإِكاَّز ااَو َوذائِكُكق َو‬
‫وفا‬
37:31 Then the Word of our Lord (about the Day of
Judgement) proved true on us that we will indeed taste (the
punishment).
‫اَلُك ُكماااْكغَو اِكُك َو‬

‫وفاا‬ ‫اجْك َو اَو َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ور َوفا َو إ َّزف ُك‬
‫ل ُك‬ ‫اكِك َو ُكػَو ااِكعِكَو ِكداَو اااْك ُك ْك َوسِك َو اإِكا ُكػَّزه ْكم َو‬
‫اَلُك ُكماااْك َو ْك ُك‬ ‫ت َو‬
‫اسَوػ َوق ْك‬
‫َو اَو َوق ْك َو‬
37:171-173 Already Our Word has gone to our messenger
servants (i.e., prophets) before (this) – that they will certainly
be helped and certainly Our army will be the victors.
‫اك ُّا َّزُكم ٍءا ِكَو ُكسوِكَلِك ْكمااِكَوأْك ُكخ ُكذ هُكا ۖ ا‬
‫ت ُك‬ ‫وحا ْكاْلَوح ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ابام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ْكما ۖ ا َو َوٕمَّز ْك‬
‫تا َوػْكػَو ُكه ْكما َوػ ْكوُكـااُك ٍء َو ْك َو ُك‬ ‫َوك َّزذ َو ْك‬
‫َّزتا‬ ‫ااْل َّزقافَوأَوخ ْكذ ػُكهما ۖ افَو َو َو ِك ِك ٰى ِك‬ ‫ج داُكواا ِك اْك ِكط ِك ااِك ْك ِكح ِكِك‬
‫احق ْك‬
‫اك َوفا َوق با َو َوك َوذا َو َو‬ ‫ْك َو‬ ‫ضواا ه ْكَو َو ُك ْك‬ ‫َو َو َو َو ُك ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫باااَّز راا‬
‫َوص َوح ُك‬ ‫ت َوارِّل َو ا َو َو اااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫اك َوفُك اا َوا ُكػَّزه ْكما ْك‬ ‫َوك َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬
40:5-6 Before them, people of Noah and (several)
Confederates after them (i.e., Noah‟s people) had denied
(Allah‟s signs). And each people had tried to seize their apostle
and disputed by fraudulent means to annihilate the truth (i.e.,
Allah‟s revelation). Then I (Allah) seized them. (See) how
(terrible) My requital was! Thus the Word of your Lord is
confirmed on the unbelievers that they are indeed the
companions of Fire!
‫اكِك ٌاس ػ َوقت ِكام ارِّل َو ااَو ُكق ِك‬
‫ض َو ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكما ۚ ا‬ ۗ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫بافَو ْكخُك َو اف ها ا َو اَو ْكوَوَل َو َو َو َو ْك ْك َو‬ ‫وس اااْك َو َو‬ ‫ام َو‬
‫َو اَو َوق ْك اآ َوػْكػَو ُك‬
‫ام ِك ٍءا‬
‫يب‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫َو إا ُكػَّزه ْكمااَوف ا َو ٍّ امْكهُك ُك‬
41:45 We certainly gave the Book to Moses but differences
arose therein. Had it not been for a Word that had gone forth
before from your Lord, the matter would have been decided
between them. And they are indeed in disquieting doubt about
it.
‫ت ِكام ْك َوارِّل َو اإِك َو ٰىَلا‬ ‫م ا َوػ َوفَّزُكوااإِكَّزَل ِكام ا ػع ِكام اج ماااْكعِكْكما ػ ْكغ ا ػ ػ ػهما ۚ ا اَووَوَل َو ِك‬
‫اسَوػ َوق ْك‬
‫اك َو ٌ َو‬ ‫ْك َو ْك َو َو َو ُك ُك ُك َو ًن َوْك َو ُك ْك َو ْك‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫يبٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬
‫ام ا‬ ‫بام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ْكمااَوف ا َو ٍّ امْكهُك ُك‬ ‫ام َو ًّ ااَو ُكقض َو ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكما ا َو إ َّزفاااذي َو ا ُك رثُكوااااْك َو َو‬
ۚ ‫َوج ُك‬‫َو‬
42:14 They divided only after knowledge reached them
because of the enmity among themselves. Had it not been for a
Word that went forth before from your Lord (allowing) for a
fixed term (respite), the matter would have been settled among
them. And those who inherited the Book after them are indeed
disquietingly suspicious about it.
‫اكِك ُكاااْك َوفل ِك ااَو ُكق ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫اَلما ُك َوك ا َو و َو ِك‬
‫اَلْكايَوأْك َوذ ْكفا هاااَّزهُكا ا َو اَو ْكوَوَل َو َو‬ ‫ااَلُك ْكمام َو ااا ِّلي ِك َو‬
‫ض َو ا‬ ‫ْك‬ ۚ ‫ام َو‬ ‫ْكَوـ َوُك ْك َو ُك َو ُك‬
‫ابا َواِك ٌام‬ ‫ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكما ۗ ا َو إِك َّزفاااظَّز اِك ِك َو َو‬
ٌ ‫اَلُك ْكما َو َوذ‬
42:21 Do they have partners (i.e., gods) who legalized for
them what Allah has not permitted in the religion. Had it not
been for the Word of decision, the matter would have been
settled between them (at once). Verily the wrongdoers have a
painful penalty.
‫يا َو َوم ا َواَو ا ِكظَو َّزَلٍءـااِكْك َوعِك ِكا‬
‫َّزؿاااْك َوق ْكو ُكؿااَو َو َّز‬
‫َوم ايػُكَو ُك‬
50:29 My Word shall not be changed nor am I in the least
unjust to (My) servants.
Divine process of creation

In the light of the above Quranic revelations, the
process of creation can be explained in terms of ghayb-
shahadat paradigm.
The Quran reveals existence of things in two forms
from the point of view of human sensory perception. These are
the intangible (ghayb) form that cannot be perceived by man
and the manifest (shahadat) form that is perceptible to man.
Allah alone knows both.
‫َّزه َودةِكا ۖ ا ُك َوواااَّز ْك َوػٰى ُك اااَّز ِكح ُكما‬ ‫ياَلاإِكاَوػٰىهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك وا ۖ ا َو ِكَلاااْكغَوْك ِك‬
‫با َواا َو‬ ‫ُك َوواااَّزهُكاااَّز ِكذ َو‬
‫ُك‬ ‫َو‬
59:22 He is Allah. There is no God but He, knower of the
invisible (ghayb) and the manifest (shahadat or visible). He is
the Beneficent, the Merciful.
‫ضا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۖ ا َو يػَو ْكوَوـايػَو ُكق ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْلَو ُّقا ۚ ا‬
‫وفا ۚ ا َوػ ْكواُكهُك ْك‬
‫وؿ ُك‬ ‫ياخَو َوقااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫َو ُك َوواااَّزذ َو‬
‫ااْلَوِك ُكا‬ ‫َّزه َودةِكا ۚ ا َو ُك َوو ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ِك ُكم ْك‬ ‫با َواا َو‬ ‫ورا ۚ ا َو ِكَلاااْكغَوْك ِك‬ ‫ااال ِك‬ُّ ‫َو اَوهُكاااْك ُك ْك ُك ايػَو ْكوَوـايػُكْكػ َوف ُكخ ِكآت‬
‫ُك‬
6:73 It is He who created the skies and the earth in truth. On
the day He says “Be”, it comes into being. His Word is the
truth. His will be the dominion on the Day the trumpet will be
blown. He is the knower of the invisible and the visible. And
He is the Wise, well acquainted (with all things).
‫وفا ۖ ا َوسُكػ ُّد َوفاإِك َو ٰىَلا َو ِكَلاااْكغَوْك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬
‫با‬ ‫َو ُك ِك اا ْك َو ُكواافَو َو َوػَو ااا هُكا َو َو َو ُك ْكما َو َور ُكسواُكهُكا َوااْك ُك ْك مُك َو َو َو‬
‫وف‬ ‫َّزه َودةِكافَوػُكػَوِّلئُك ُك ْكم ِكاِبَو ُك‬
‫اكْكُك ْكما َوػ ْكع َو ُك َوا‬ ‫َواا َو‬
9:105 And say: You work. Allah, His messenger and the
believers will observe your work. And you will be brought
back to the Knower of the invisible and the visible. Then He
will explain to you what you had been doing.
‫َّزه َودةِكاااْك َو ِك ُكاااْك ُك َوػ َوع ِكؿا‬ ‫َو ِكَلاااْكغَوْك ِك‬
‫با َواا َو‬ ‫ُك‬
13:9 He knows the invisible and the visible. He is the Great,
the Most High.
‫باإِكَّزَلاااَّزهُكا ۚ ا َو َوم ايَو ْك ُكعُك َوفا َويَّز َوفايػُكْكػ َوعثُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫ُك َواَلايػعَومام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫ضاااْكغَوْك َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫ْك َو ْك ُك َو ْك‬
27:65 Say: None in the skies or in the earth knows the unseen
except Allah nor do they know when they shall be raised up
(for Judgment).
‫َّزه َودةِكاااْك َوع ِكيُك اااَّز ِكح ُكما‬ ‫ٰىَوذاِك َو ا َو ِكَلاااْكغَوْك ِك‬
‫با َواا َو‬ ‫ُك‬
32:6 He (alone) knows the hidden and the visible, the
Mighty, the Merciful.
All things, whether created or not, exist with Allah in
the form of intangible energy or programs (i.e., energy in
ghayb form), which are nothing but His Words, in the divine
software base. When Allah wants to create a thing, He gives
the command “Be” to the software concerned and it transforms
itself into shahadat form, which is tangible to human being. It
is this transformation of the intangible (ghayb) form of energy
into tangible (shahadat) form that can be construed as the
process of creation. Thus the “it” in the statement “When He
decides a matter, He says to it, “Be”; then it comes into being”
given in several verses quoted above indicates the intangible
software of the thing Allah wants to create. Allah only has to
say “Be” to “it”; i.e., to the intangible software (which is
nothing but Allah‟s Word, the ghayb form of energy). Then
that intangible energy (software) will transform itself into the
form tangible (shahadat) to human beings.
The ghayb-shahadat dichotomy is relevant only in
human context. God knows everything (ghayb and shahadat
forms). A form of energy can be considered tangible only if

human mind can process it in accordance with the biosoftware
(see the computer model of human biosystem discussed in
chapter 11). Thus the tangibility of energy is human
biosoftware-dependent. Allah created human biosoftware in
such a way that man perceives the world the way Allah wants
him to perceive.
The Quranic statement “Be and it is” is roughly the
human version of “getting things done at the press of a key on
the computer keyboard or by the click of a mouse”. When we
click the mouse or press a key on the keyboard we are in effect
activating a program for execution. For example, in the
computer the print program is available. By clicking „print‟ we
are actuating the program to print a document. The computer
produces the printout (hardcopy) of the document. The
document was there in the computer memory in the form of
intangible energy (ghayb or invisible form) but it was
transformed into tangible form (i.e., hardcopy of the document)
by the computer. This means that the hardcopy produced is in a
form that is visible to man. This is an illustration of how
intangible information is transformed into tangible material.
This analogy can be further examined in the light of a possible
future computer version. Human-computer interaction is a fast
developing field wherein several kinds of interface between
man and the machine are studied. It also includes development
of human voice recognition software that will enable us to
orally give instructions to a computer (or a robot) for
performing a desired task. In the foreseeable future (Allah
willing) we will be giving commands to our machines orally
rather than through keyboard or mouse. Thus, when we orally
give command to a voice-recognizing computer to print a
message, the machine will perform the task using appropriate
program and produce its hardcopy (shahadat form). That
technology will be more or less the artificial counterpart of
divine creation process conveyed through the Quran. The
difference between Allah‟s creation process and the artificial
creation illustrated in this example is that the latter requires a

computer to do the transformation from the intangible to
tangible. In the case of divine creation, Allah‟s Word has the
innate ability to transform itself into the tangible form when
Allah gives the command “Be” to it.
Teleportation is another phenomenon that illustrates the
principle of creation process. It demonstrates how an object can
be transported to a distant location as information, which then
materializes into the object at the designated location. There is
sufficient indication in the Quran that the jinn species is
bestowed with the ability of teleportation. Jinn was created by
Allah from the flame of fire (Q. 55:15) indicating that jinn is
basically light or electromagnetic radiation.
‫ام ااَّز ٍءرا‬ ‫ااْلَو َّزف ِكام َّز‬
‫ام رٍءِكج ِّل‬ ‫َو َوخَو َوق ْك‬
55:15 And He created jinn from the flame of fire.
The Quran further indicates that jinns can appear themselves
before man. This is very much evident from the revelations
about appointing jinns by Allah as soldiers (Q. 27:17) and
workers (Q. 34:12-13) to Prophet Solomon who was also a
king.
‫اسا َوااطَّزْكِك افَوػ ُكه ْكمايُك َووز ُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫ااْلِك ِّل ا َو ْكِك‬
‫اْل ِك‬ ‫ودهُك ِكام َو ْك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اجُك ُك‬
‫َو ُكح َو اا ُك َوْك َو َوف ُك‬
27:17 And for Solomon, soldiers were gathered from jinn
race, mankind and birds, and they were all kept under control.
‫ام ايػَو ْكع َو ُكا‬ ‫اِك َو َوفاااِّليحا ُك ُك ُّ ا َو ه ا ر احه ا َو ه ا َوس ْكَو ااَوها اااْك ِكقطْك ِك ا ِكم ْكِك‬
‫ااْل ِّل َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك ٌ َو َو َو ُك َو ْك ٌ َو َو ُك َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو ُك ْك َو‬
‫ام ايَو َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ػَو ْك َو ايَو َو يْكها ِكإ ْكذف َوارِّلها َو َوم ايَوِك ْكغامْكػ ُكه ْكما َو ْك ا ْكَوم ِكاَو ااُكذ ْكهُكام ْك ا َو َوذابااا َّز ع ايػَو ْكع َو ُك َو‬
‫وفااَوهُك َو‬
‫ادا ُك َودا ُك ْك ًناا َو َوِك ٌ ِّل‬
‫ام ْك ا‬ ‫ااآؿ َو‬
‫تاا ْك َو ُكو َو‬ ‫ابا ُك ُك ٍءر َّزار ِكاس ٍء‬
‫َو‬
‫اُمَو ِكريبا َوَتَو ثِك ا ِكج َوف ٍءف َو ِك‬
‫اك ْكْلَوَوو َو‬ ‫م َّز َو َو َو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ورا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫يااا َّز ُك ُك‬ ‫َو د َو‬
34:12-13 And (We gave) the wind to Solomon. Its morning
course was a month‟s (journey) and its evening course was a
month‟s (journey). And We made a fountain of molten copper
to flow for him. And there were jinns who worked for him by
the command of his Lord and if any of them turned away from
Our command, We would make him (the jinn) suffer the
penalty of the Blazing Fire. They made for him what he wanted
– arches, statues, basins as large as reservoirs, and sturdy
vessels. (Allah ordered:) “O followers of David, be thankful.”
But only a few of My servants are grateful!
When Prophet Solomon wanted to remove the throne of the
queen of Saba from her palace and bring it to him (Q. 27:38), it
was a jinn who told him that he would do it in a jiffy “before
you get up from your position” (Q. 27:39) or “before your gaze
returns to you” (Q. 27:40).
‫ام ْك ِك ِك َوا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َو َوؿايَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَوَوْلُكا َويُّ ُك ْكمايَوأْك ِك ا َوع ْك َوه ا َوػْك َوا َوفايَوأْكُكوِكِّن ُك‬
27:38 He asked: “O chiefs! Who among you can bring me her
(Saba queen‟s) throne before they come to me as Muslims?”
‫ام َوق ِكم َو ا َو إِك ِّلِّنا َو َوْك ِكهااَو َوق ِكويا ِكَوم ٌا‬
‫وـ ِكام َّز‬ ‫ِك ِكِك‬ ‫ام ْكِك‬
‫ااْل ِّل ا َواَو اآ َو ا ها َوػْك َوا َوفا َوػ ُكق َو‬ ‫يت ِّل َو‬
‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫َو َوؿا ْكف‬
27:39 A brave from the jinns said: “I can bring it to you
before you get up from your position. Indeed I have the power
for that and (you can) trust me.”
‫ام ْك َو ِكقًّاا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬
‫َو ا ها َوػْك َوا َوفايػَوْك َو َّزاإاَوْك َو اطَوْكفُك َو افَوػَو َّز َوارآهُك ُك‬
‫با َواَو اآ ِك‬ ‫ام اااْك ِكَو ِك‬ ‫َّز ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َو َوؿاااذيا َو هُكا ْك ٌم ِّل َو‬
‫َوك ُكفُك ا َو َوم ا َو َو َو افَوِكإَّزٔمَو ايَو ْك ُك ُك ااِكَوػ ْكف ِك ِكها َو َوم ا‬
‫ُك ُك ا ْكَوـا ْك‬ ‫ض ِك َوارِّلِبااِكَوْكػُك َووِكِّنا َوَو ْك‬ ‫ِك َو ها َو َوؿا َوذ ِك‬
‫اام افَو ْك‬ ‫ُك َو‬
‫َوك َوفَو افَوِكإ َّزف َوارِّلِبا َو ِك َو‬
ٌ‫اك ِك ا‬
27:40 One who had knowledge of the Scripture said: “I can
bring it to you before your gaze returns to you.” Thus when
Solomon saw it placed near him, he said: “This is from the
mercy of my Lord to test me whether I am grateful or
ungrateful. Whoever shows gratitude (to Allah), truly he is
showing gratitude for himself. And whoever shows ingratitude,
truly my Lord is free of all wants, Honourable!”
Evidently the jinn was able to do it at lightning speed because
of their electromagnetic nature. This can be explained as
follows. The jinn travels as information in the form of light
(intangible to man) and materializes at the destination to make

his appearance (shahadat) before man. The whole episode can
thus be interpreted as teleportation phenomenon. The
phenomenon of teleportation is further discussed in the context
of creation of Prophet Jesus Christ in the womb of Virgin Mary
and also while explaining the origin of biological information
on Earth (see chapters 9 and 10).
References
1. http://www.ftexploring.com/energy/definition.html
Accessed on February 2, 2007.
2. Quoted in the book Energies, by Vaclav Smil, attributed to
David Rose, http://www.ftexploring.com/energy/definition.
html Accessed on February 2, 2007.
7. THE UNIVERSE – DIVINE

EXPERT SYSTEM
Physical, chemical and biological sciences at best
explain to us and provide information on properties of various
forms of energy and matter. There are, however, certain
fundamental questions about the universe that remain
unresolved. Some of these are: a) origin of chemical structures
with specific properties, b) origin of rules and laws in the
physical, chemical and biological segments of the universe, c)
interconnectivity and coordination of the universal components
to function as a single system, and d) origin of natural
processes and mechanisms. These are some of the most
difficult riddles to human intellect. Strictly speaking these
issues are beyond the realms of science. Self-regulated
functioning of natural systems, occurrence of natural cycles,
and spontaneity of physical, chemical and biological reactions
and processes do indicate the existence of a computerised set-
up. It is possible to explain the various aspects of the universe
considering it as a computer system. It also implies that
whatever happens in this computer universe is pre-determined
by Allah‟s program which rules out the element of chance. The
„chance‟ or „accident‟ is merely a wishful thinking of the
atheistic minds. It is in accordance with the divine program
immanent in the universal components they function
individually and as a whole like an expert system based on „if-
then‟ rules.
A computer model of the physical universe based on
the Quran was proposed by me in 1998 in my book The Divine
Expert System [1]. Its revised version The Computer Universe:
A Scientific Rendering of the Holy Quran was published in
2006 [2]. The model describes the universe as giant computer
designed, programmed and created by Allah to suit His
mission. The computer model offers a new window to look at
the universe and understand its self-propelled, self-sustained
and self-regulated functioning, deterministic mode of

behaviour and how the components acquire their characteristic
properties. A living organism is likewise treated as natural
biocomputer or biorobot.
Konrad Zuse, the German scientist who built the first
programmable computer was also the first to suggest in 1967
that the entire universe is being computed on a computer,
possibly a cellular automaton. He referred to this as
“Rechnender Raun” (“Computing Cosmos” or “Computing
Space”) which in fact started the field of Digital Physics. In
2002 Prof. Seth Lloyd of Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, USA, published a research paper entitled
“Computational capacity of the universe” in the journal
Physical Review Letters [3], and Stephen Wolfram of Wolfram
Media, USA, published a book A New Kind of Science [4].
Lloyd published another book Programming the Universe: A
Quantum Computer Scientist Takes on the Cosmos in 2006 [5].
A book entitled Wetware: A Computer in Every Living Cell
written by Denis Bray suggesting that organism is a computer
has also come out in 2009 [6]. More works on the subject are
now available.
Seth Lloyd considers the universe as giant quantum
computer. Quantum mechanics is weird. It treats waves as
particles, and particles as waves. Things can be in two places at
the same time. Quantum computers exploit “quantum
weirdness” to perform tasks that are extremely complex for
classical computers. Since a quantum bit or “qubit” can register
both 0 and 1 at the same time unlike the classical bit (which
can register only one or the other) a quantum computer can
perform millions of computations simultaneously. Quantum
computers process the information stored on individual atoms,
electrons, and photons. According to him, all physical systems
are basically quantum-mechanical and all physical systems
register and process information [5].
According to John Archibald Wheeler (coiner of the

term “black hole”) atoms are made up of bits of information.
As he put it in a 1989 lecture, “Its are from bits.” He
elaborated: “Every it – every particle, every field of force, even
the space-time continuum itself – derives its function, its
meaning, its very existence entirely from binary choices, bits.
What we call reality arises in the last analysis from the posing
of yes/no questions.” [7]. All these works based purely on
science support the concept that the universe works like a
computer. The computer concept of the universe is an
emerging field and it is where science and the Quran are bound
to meet for the simple reason the universe has to have a
programmer – God.
The computer model of the universe developed in the
light of the Quran is briefly discussed here. The basic change
that the computer concept of the universe based on the Quran
brings into our present knowledge of the universe and
cosmology is that it is the divine instructions carried in energy,
Allah‟s Word, that represent the fundamental basis of reality.
Natural evidence supporting the concept of
computer universe
The existence of natural laws and deterministic
behavior of the universal components are clear evidence of a
computerized set-up. The famous mathematician-physicist
Pierre Simon Laplace‟s doctrine of complete determinism is a
tribute to the success of Galilean-Newtonian principles.
According to him, the entire universe is like a clockwork
mechanism – to a supremely intelligent mind with all-seeing
eyes and unlimited calculating powers, the present would
completely determine the future, and for that matter, the past as
well [8]. Determinism became incorporated in modern science
around the year 1500 A.D. with the establishment of the idea
that cause-and-effect rules completely govern all motion and
structure on the material level. According to the deterministic
model, the universe works like a perfect machine without

deviation from the predetermined laws. It was the work of Sir
Isaac Newton that firmly established determinism at the core of
modern science. He demonstrated that the three laws of
motion, which he advanced, could accurately predict in time
the orbits of the planets around the sun, the shapes of the paths
of projectiles on the earth, and the schedule of the ocean tides
throughout the month and year. Newton‟s laws are completely
deterministic because they imply that anything that happens at
any future time is completely determined by what happens
now, and everything that is happening now was completely
determined by what happened at any time in the past.
Determinism remains even today as the core philosophy and
goal of physical science [9].
We cannot deny the fact that a programmed reality
exists in nature. The countless number of celestial bodies of
colossal size tracing their own paths in the cosmos without
collision is indicative of a perfectly programmed behaviour.
The gravitational forces responsible for this meticulous and
amazing consistency in the peripheral motion and recurring
relative positions of stars and planets do not operate in an
arbitrary manner, but obey certain eternal laws prescribed by
the Creator. It is because of this, we are able to formulate
principles, which can reflect the natural order. What can be
concluded from the success of the mathematical models and
theories in the quantitative interpretation of natural phenomena
is that the universe has built-in rules and regulations to enable
it to function like a self-controlled and self-sustained system.
Even an infinitesimal deviation from these rules will cause
catastrophic effect. According to Stephen Hawking, if the
electric charge of the electron had been slightly different, stars
would not have been able to burn hydrogen and helium [10].
These rules and properties could not have come into existence
accidentally. Instead the universe has an Authority who
designed and perfected it the way it is. To quote again Stephen
Hawking: “It would be very difficult to explain why the
universe should have begun in just this way, except as the act
of a God who intended to create beings like us” [10]. (This
statement is quoted here not to suggest his religious views).
Spontaneity is another evidence of programmed
behaviour. Every natural process is a spontaneous
phenomenon. Physical, chemical and biological processes are
spontaneous phenomena as though the reacting species know
how to react and what they should produce under different
conditions. Their properties and mode of behaviour in diverse
environments are all fixed. Evidently, divine programs are
there latent in their structures.
We also find specific developmental sequence for each
phenomenon. There is clear evidence of the existence of a
biological (genetic) program in living organisms. This
program is responsible for the development and moment-to-
moment existence of a living organism. A plant develops from
seed as specified in the bioprogram stored in its cells. An
animal also develops similarly from the zygote. Every
biological mechanism is suggestive of the sequential execution
of the instructions contained in the biological program of the
organism concerned.
Brains of animals are capable of storing and processing
information. Human brain is the most advanced of them all.
Plants also function like a computer. Leaves regulate their
uptake and loss of gases by conducting simple calculations
based on „distributed computation‟ – a kind of information
processing that involves communication between many
interacting units. In distributed computation, signals exchanged
between components of the system define the process for
solving a problem [11].
The Quranic indicators of computer universe

Many verses in the Quran point to a computerized set-
up of the universe. These include verses relating to the
structural components, natural mechanisms and functioning of

the universe, monitoring and real-time recording of the goings-
on, etc.
a) Universal components carry divine instructions

Allah tells us that the universal components have divine
instructions built into their structures. That is how they
function as programmed by Allah. They are therefore
subservient and obedient to Allah.
‫ل ِك َوحا َو ِكح ْكفظًن ا ۚ ا ٰىذَواِك َو ا َوػ ْكق ِكيُك اااْك َوع ِكي ِك اااْك َوعِك ِكام‬‫ِبَو َو‬
‫ِك‬
He assigned to each sky its command (program). And We
adorned the lower sky with lamps and rendered it inviolable.
Such is His decree, the Mighty, the Omniscient.
(all) obeying His command (instructions or programs). Are not
the creation and command His? Blessed be Allah, Lord of the
worlds!
‫اّتَّز ْك‬‫اتا ِكغَو ْكِك ا َو َو ٍءا َوػَو ْك اػَو َوه ا ۖ ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْليَو تااَو َوع ُك ْكما َوق َوارِّل ُك ْكما‬
‫ل ُك ْك‬ ‫ااْل ْكَومَو ايػُك َوف ِّل‬ ۚ
‫ام َو ًّ ا ايُك َو ػِّلُك ْك‬ ‫َوج ٍء ُك‬‫اٖم ياْل َو‬ ‫اك َوْك‬ ۖ
‫َوااْك َوق َو َو ا ُك‬
‫وف‬
Lord.
13:15 To Allah prostrate whoever there is in the skies and in
the earth obediently and compulsorily (i.e., programmed
behaviour) and (so do) their shadows in the mornings and
evenings.
Him)!
‫ضاإِكذَواا َواْكػُك ْكما‬ ‫اد ْك َووةًن ِكام َو ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫اّتَّزاإِكذَو َو‬
‫ااد َو ُكك ْكم َو‬ ‫ضا ِكأ ْكَوم ِكهِكا ۚ ُك‬
‫وـااا َّز َو ُكا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ُك‬
‫ِك ِكِك‬
‫َو م ْك اآيَو ها ْكَوفا َوػ ُكق َو‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫اك ااَوهُكا َو اِكُك َو‬‫ضا ۖ ُك‬ ‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫وفا اَوهام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫َوَّتْكُك ُكج َو َو ُك َو ْك‬
30:25-26 And among His signs is the existence of the skies and
earth by His command (instructions or program). Then when
He calls you by a single call (on the Day of Resurrection),
behold you (all) come out of the earth! To Him belongs every
being that is in the skies and the earth. All are subservient to
Him (i.e., functioning as per His program).
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اَل ا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك‬ ‫اا َّز س َو ِك‬
‫امَو ِكزَوؿ َو‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتا َو َودا‬ ‫َو ا َوػ ْكق يُك اااْك َوع ِكي ِك اااْك َوع ِكما َوااْك َوق َو َو ا َو ْكَّزراَو هُك َو‬ ‫اَت ِكياا ُك ْك َوػ َوقٍّ َوَو‬
‫َو ْك ُك ْك‬
‫َّزه ِكرا ۚ ا َو ُكك ِكآتا‬ ‫اَلَو ا ْكَوفا ُك ْك ِكرَوؾاااْك َوق ا َوَلاااَّزْك ِك‬ ‫وفاااْك َوق ِك ِك َواَلااا َّز سايػْك غِك‬ ‫َوك اْكع ج ِك‬
‫اس ُكقااا ػ َو‬ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْك ُك َو َو‬ ‫ُك ْك ُك‬
‫فَوػَو ٍء ايَو ْك َو ُكح َو‬
‫وفا‬
36:38-40 And the sun moves on for a period determined for it.
And the moon – We prescribed for it mansions (i.e., orbits to
traverse) till it returns like the old (and withered) inflorescence
stalk of date palm. The sun cannot reach up to the moon and
the night cannot outstrip the day; each swims along (its own)
orbit.
‫َوح ٍء ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫مْك ُك ااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬ٙ‫إِك َّزفاااَّزهَو ُكا‬
‫ضا ْكَوفا َوػُك َوَلا ۚ ا َو اَوئ ْك َوازااَوَو اإ ْكفا ْكَوم َو َو ُكه َو ام ْك ا َو‬
‫احِك ًن ا َو ُكف ًنورا‬
‫اك َوف َو‬ ‫ػَو ْكع ِكهِكا ۚ اإِكاَّزهُك َو‬
35:41 Indeed Allah holds the skies and the earth from moving
away. And if they both move (away from their positions), there
is none to hold them up thereafter. Verily He is Most
Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving.
3:6 It is He who shapes you in the wombs as He likes.
There is no God but He – the Mighty, the Wise.
‫ااْل ْكَور َوح ُكـا َو َوم ا َوػ ْك َود ُكادا ۖ ا َو ُكك ُّا َو ْك ٍء ا ِكْك َو هُك ِكاِبِك ْكق َو ٍءارا‬
‫ض ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ام ا َوْك ِك ُك ُك‬
‫اك ُّا ُكاْكػثَو ٰى ا َو َوم ا َوغ ُك‬ ‫ااَّزهُكايػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬
13:8 Allah knows what every female (womb) bears, by how
much the wombs fall short (in number) or exceed. Every thing
is in accordance with a calculated measure (due proportion)
with Him.

moon. Every (celestial body) moves in its orbit.
‫اك َو ِك‬
‫اٖم ِكياْل َو‬
‫َوج ٍء ا‬ ‫سا َوااْك َوق َو َو ُك ْك‬ ‫َّزه ِكرا َو يُكواِك ُكيااا ػ َو ِك َّز ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫يُكوا ُكياااَّزْك َو ِكآتااا ػ َو‬
‫َّزه َورآتااا ْك ا َو َوس َّزخَو ااا َّز ْك َو‬
‫وف ِكام ْك ا ِكطْك ِك ٍءا‬
‫مْكِك ُك َو‬ٙ‫ام َوا‬ ‫وف ِكام ِكِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ُكم َو ًّ ا ۚ ا ٰىَوذا ُك ُكماااَّزهُك َوارُّ ُك ْكمااَوهُكاااْك ُك ْك ُك ا ۚ ا َوااَّزذي َو ا َو ْك ُك َو ْك ُك‬
‫اد اه َو‬
35:13 He merges night into the day and He merges day into
the night. He has subjected the sun and the moon (to His Law),
each running its course for a fixed term. That is Allah, your
Lord. To Him belongs all dominion. And those whom you
invoke besides Him have not even the control over a date-stone
skin.
‫َّز ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َّزرافَوػ َوه َو ٰى اا‬ ‫ااْلَو ْك َو اااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياخَو َوقافَو َو َّزو ٰى ا َوااذيا َو َو‬ ‫ااس َوم َوارِّل َو ْك‬
‫َوسِّل ِكح ْك‬
87:1-3 Glorify the name of your Guardian Lord, most high,
who created and further gave order and proportion, who
ordained laws and granted guidance.
‫اس َّزج ًن اااِكَّز ِكها َو ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اخَو َوقاااَّزهُكام ْك ا َو ْك ايػَوَوػ َوفَّزأُكاظ َوَلاُكهُكا َو ِك اااْكَو ِك ا َواا َّز َو ئ ِك ُك‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫َوَو َوَلْكايػَوَو ْك ااإ َو ٰىَل َو‬
‫ادا َّزٍءا َوااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ُكا َو ُك ْكم َواَلا‬ ‫ااْلَور ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضام ْك َو‬ ‫ام ِكآتااا َّز َو َواتا َو َوم ِكآت ْك ْك‬ ‫َوداخُك َوفا َو اَّزهايَو ْك ُكج ُك َو‬
‫ام ايػُك ْك َومُك َوفاا‬ ‫وف َوارػَّز ُكه ْكم ِكام ْك افَوػ ْكوِك ِكه ْكما َو يػَو ْكف َوعُك َو‬
‫وف َو‬ ‫ا٘مَو فُك َو‬
‫ْكِب َوف َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫يَو ْك َو ُك‬
16:48-50 Do they not look at things Allah created? Their
shadows tilt towards right and left prostrating to Allah in
humility. And to Allah prostrate all living things in the skies
and in earth, and the angels. And they are not arrogant. They
all fear their Lord above them and they function as they are
instructed (i.e., as programmed).
All these verses imply that Allah‟s instructions or programs are

immanent in the universal components and it is according to
that they function.
b) Flow of information between the universe and Allah’s

abode
32:5 He directs the command from the sky to the earth. Later
it will go up to Him on a day whose length is a thousand years
of your reckoning.
‫ِك‬
‫ااَلئِك َو‬
‫اَلْكا‬ ‫اارَوػْكُك ْكمافَوعِك َّز ُكػ ُكه َّز اثَوَوَلثَو ُكا َو ْك ُكه ٍء ا َو َّز‬ ‫ااَلئِك ايئِك ِكام اااْك ِكح ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ضام ْك اا َو ئ ُك ْكماإف ْك‬ ‫َو َّز َو ْك َو َو َو‬
‫اٖم َوع ْك ااَوهُك ِكام ْك ا ْكَوم ِكهِكا‬
‫ض ْكع َو ا َوْكَو ُكه َّز ا ۚ ا َو َوم ْك ايػَو ِكَّزقاااَّزهَو َوْك‬ ‫َوجُك ُكه َّز ا ْكَوفايَو َو‬ ‫ض ا ۚ ا ُك َوَلت ْك ِك‬
‫ااْلَو ْك َو ؿا َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوٗم ْك َو َو ُك‬
‫َوجًنااا‬ ‫ي اا ٰىَوذاِك َو ا َوم اااَّز ِكها َواْكػ اَوهاإِكاَو ُك ما ۚ ا م ايػ ِكَّزقاااَّزهاي َو ِّلف ا ْكه ِكِك ِك‬
‫اسِّلئَو ها َو يػُك ْكعظ ْكمااَوهُكا ْك‬ ‫َو ُك ْك ْك َو َو ْك َو َو ُك ْك َو ُك َو‬ ‫ْك ُك‬ ‫ُك ْك ًن‬
57:4-5 It is He who created the skies and the earth in six Days,
then He was seated on the Throne (of Authority). He knows
what enters the earth and what goes out of it and what comes
down from the sky and what ascends to it (i.e., the sky). And
wherever you may be, He is with you. And Allah sees well all
that you do. To Him belongs the dominion of the skies and the
earth, and all affairs are returned to Allah.
‫ا٘مْكُك ُكج ِكامْكػ َوه ا َو َوم ايػَوْك ِكُكؿ ِكام َو ااا َّز َو ِك ا َو َوم ايػَو ْكعُك ُكجافِك َوه ا ۚ ا َو ُك َووا‬ ‫ام ايَوِك ُكي ِكآت ْك‬
‫ضا َو َوم َو‬ ‫يػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬
‫ااَّز ِكح ُكماااْكغَو ُكف ُكا‬
‫ور‬
34:2 He knows all that enters the earth and all that goes out
of it, and all that comes down from the sky and all that ascends
to it. And He is Most Merciful, Oft-Forgiving.
These verses reveal the existence of interconnectivity between
Earth and other components of the cosmic space through
information flow between them. This is vital for the
coordinated working of the component systems. Further all the
information transmitted from each component of the universe
reaches Allah.
c) Real-time recording of information

The Quran further reveals that moment-to-moment
information generated from the Earth and the skies is recorded
in real time. Allah thus knows what is happening in Earth and
the skies every moment.
‫ط ِكام ْك ا‬
‫ام ِكآتاااْكَوػِّل ا َوااْكَو ْكح ِك ا ۚ ا َو َوم ا َو ْك ُكق ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ام َوف ِكحاااْكغَوْك ِك‬
‫ب َواَلايػَو ْكعَو ُك َوه اإَّزَلا ُك َووا ۚ ا َو يػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو ْك َو هُك َو ُك‬
‫امِك ٍءا‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬ ‫با َوَلاي ِك ٍء ِك‬ ‫رَو ٍءاإِكَّزَلايػعَو ه ا َوَلاحَّز ٍء ِكآتاظُكُك ِك‬
‫ساإَّزَل ِكآتاكَو ب ُك‬ ‫ضا َوَوَل َوارطْك ٍء َو َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ت ْك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو ْك ُك َو َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
6:59 With Him are the keys of the unseen, the treasures that
none but He knows. He knows whatever there is on the earth
and in the sea. Not a leaf falls without His knowledge. There is
not a grain in the darkness (or depths) of the earth, nor
anything fresh or dry (green or withered), but is (inscribed) in a
clear Record (Memory).
‫وداا‬ ‫وف ِكام ْك ا َو َو ٍء اإِكَّزَل ُك‬
‫اكَّز ا َو َوْك ُك ْكما ُك ُكه ًن‬ ‫آفا َوَوَلا َوػ ْكع َو ُك َو‬ ‫وامْكه ِكام ا ُكػ ٍء‬
‫ِك‬ ‫م ا َو ُك ُك ِك ٍء‬
‫وفآتا َو أْكفا َو َوم ا َوػْكػُك ُك ْك ْك‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫با َو ْك َوارِّل َو ام ْك امثْكػ َوق ِكؿا َوذ َّزرةٍء ِكآت ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضا َوَوَل ِكآتااا َّز َو ا َوَوَلا‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫وفاف ها ۚ ا َو َوم ايػَو ْكعُك ُك‬ ‫ض َو‬‫إِك ْكذا ُكف ُك‬
‫امِك ٍءا‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬ ‫َوصغَو ِكام ا ٰىذَواِك َو ا َوَلا ْك ِك‬
‫َوكَوػَو اإَّزَل ِكآتاكَو ب ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْك َو ْك‬
10:61 You are not (engaged) in any affair, you do not recite
about it from the Quran and you do not do any work without
Us being witnesses over you when you engage in it. Not even
the weight of an atom on the earth or in the sky is hidden from
your Lord. And there is nothing smaller or bigger than that but
is given in a clear Record.
‫اك ِكآتاكِكَو ٍء‬
‫با‬ ‫ام ْك َوػ َوقَّز َو ا َو ُكم ْك َوػ ْكوَود َو َوه ا ۚ ُك‬ ‫ضاإِكَّزَلا َو َو اااَّز ِكه ِك‬ ‫ادا َّزٍء ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ارْكزُكػ َوه ا َو يػَو ْكعَو ُكم ُك‬ ‫َو َوم ام ْك َو‬
‫ُكمِك ٍءا‬
11:6 There is no organism on the earth without its
sustenance depended on Allah. He knows its resting place and
its repository; all (the information) is available in a clear
Record.
The verses quoted above offer clear insight into the nature of
functioning of the universe like a computer. The verses reveal
to us that the universe is a self-regulated programmed system
created by God. Divine commands (instructions or programs)
are immanent in the living and non-living systems. Existence
of mechanisms for real-time monitoring and recording of all
that is happening in the universe further supports the computer
model of the universe.
Natural designs revealed through the Quran

The universe has been designed by Allah to suit His
mission. Naturally every component of the system has specific
purpose(s) and is so designed to meet the requirement
envisaged in the divine scheme.
‫ااَل َّزَّتَو ْكذاَو هُك ِكام ْك ااَو ُك اَّز ا‬

‫اَلْكًنو َو‬ ‫م اخَو ْكقَو ااا َّز ا ْكاْلَورضا م ا ػ ػَوػه َواَل ِكِك ااَووا َورْكداَو ا ْكَوفااػَو ِك‬
‫َّزخ َوذ َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو ْك َو َو َو َوْك ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اكَّز افَو ِك َو ا‬
‫إِك ْكف ُك‬
21:16-17 Not for fun did We create the skies and the earth and
all that is between them! If We had intended to make a
pastime, We would have made it from Ourselves; (but) by no
means would We do (it)!
‫ضا َو َوم ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه َو اإِكَّزَلا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۗ ا َو إِك َّزفااا َّز َو َو َواْل َو ٌا ۖ افَو ْك‬
‫ص َوف ِكحا‬ ‫اخَو ْكقَو ااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬
‫ااْلَو ِك َوا‬
‫اال ْكف َوح ْك‬
‫َّز‬
15:85 We had not created the skies, the earth and all between
them except for just ends. And the Hour will surely come. So
you (Prophet Muhammad) excuse (their faults) beautifully.
‫َو ا َوػ ْكق ِكيُك اااْك َوع ِكي ِك اااْك َوعِك ِكما‬ ‫ااْلص ِكحا جع اااَّز اس َو ا اا َّز سا ااْك َوق اح اًن ا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك‬
‫فَو ا ُكق ْكِك ْك َو َو َو َو َو ْك َو َو ًن َو ْك َو َو َو َو ُك ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫تا‬ ‫ااْلي ِك‬ ‫ۗ ا َو ْك افَو َّز‬ ‫ااِب ِكآتاظُكُك ِك‬
‫تاااْكَوػِّل ا َوااْكَو ْكح ِك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫واااَّز ِكذياجع ااَو ُك ماااُّج ِك‬
‫ٍء‬
‫اِكَوق ْكوـايػَو ْكعَو ُك َو‬
‫وفاا‬
6:96-97 It is He who cleaves the dawn (from the dark). He
made the night calm (for rest) and the sun and moon for
reckoning (of time). That is the system ordained by (Allah), the
Mighty, the Omniscient. It is He who made the stars for you to
serve as guidance in the darkness of the land and the sea. We
explain Our signs for people who know.
‫مْك ِك ُك ه َّز اإِكَّزَلاااَّزها ۗ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َواْلي ٍء‬ٙ‫ات ِكآتاج ِّلوااا َّز ِك ام ُكا‬
‫تا‬ ‫َوَلايػ ااإِك َوَلاااطَّز ِك ام َّزخ ٍء‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْك ُك َو َو‬ ‫َوْك َوَو ْك‬
‫وف‬
16:79 Do they not look at the birds subjected to the

environmental conditions of the sky? Nothing holds them up
but (the power of) Allah. Verily in this are signs for the people
who believe.
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِكِك‬ ‫ااْلَور ِك ِك‬

‫اسُك ًنَلااَو َوعَّز ُكه ْكمايػَو ْكهَو ُك َوفا َو َوج َوع ْكَو ا‬
‫ض َوارَواس َو ا ْكَوف َواَت َو اِب ْكما َو َوج َوع ْكَو اف َوه اف َوج ًنج ُك‬ ‫َو َوج َوع ْكَو ِكآت ْك ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫وفاا‬
‫ض َو‬‫ام ْكع ِك ُك‬
‫اُم ُكفوظًن ا ۖ ا َو ُك ْكما َو ْك اآيَو ِتَو ُك‬
‫اا َّز َو َو َو‬
21:31-32 And We have made mountains firmly fixed on the
earth to prevent its tilting with them. And We have made
therein broad tracks so that they find their way. And We have
made the sky a well-guarded canopy. Yet, they turn away from
its signs!
‫با ِكِكهااَو َوق ِكد ُكر َوفا‬
‫ضا ۖ ا إِكاَّز ا َو َو ٰى اذَو َو ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك َو‬ ‫ام ًنا ِكَوق َو ٍءرافَوأ ْك‬
‫َوس َو َّز هُك ِكآت ْك‬ ‫َو َواْكػَواْكَو ام َو ااا َّز َو َو‬
23:18 And We send down water from the sky according to
certain measure and We store it in the earth. And We certainly
are able to drain it off.
‫ل ِكرا‬ ‫َّزه َورا ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َو ااَوعِكْكػَوًنة ِكاْلُك ِكِل ْك‬
‫ااْلَوْك َو‬ ‫باااَّزهُكاااَّزْك َوا َواا ػ َو‬
‫يػُك َوقِّل ُك‬
24:44 It is Allah who alternates the night and the day. Verily
in that is a lesson for those who can see!
‫اس َووا ًنااِك َّز ئِكِك َوا‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬ ‫جع افِك ه ار ِكاس ِكام افَوػوِكه ا رَوؾافِك ه ا َو ِك‬
‫َو َو َو َو َو َو َو َو ْك ْك َو َو َو َو َو َو َو‬
41:10 He set on the (earth) firm mountains high above it, and
bestowed blessings on the earth, and fixed therein its
those who seek (sustenance).
‫اخَو ْكقَو هُكا ِكَوق َو ٍءرا‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫إِكاَّز ُك‬
‫اك َّزا َو ْك َو‬
54:49 Verily, We created everything in certain measure.
‫ضا ۚ اجع ااَو ُك م ِكام ا َواْكػ ُكف ِك ُك ما ْكَوز اج ا ِكم ْك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اج ا ۖ ا‬
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوع ـا ْكَوزَو ًن‬ ‫ْك َو ًن َو َو‬ ‫فَو طُك ااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك َو َو َو ْك ْك‬
‫اك ِك ثْكِك ِكها َو ا ۖ ا وااا َّز ِك عاااْك ِك‬
‫ل ُكا‬ ‫س َو‬ ۚ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ُك َو‬ ‫ْك ٌ َو ُك َو‬ ‫يَو ْكذ َورُكؤُكك ْكماف ها ااَوْك َو‬
42:11 (Allah is) the Creator of the skies and the earth. He
made spouses for you from among yourselves and mates
among cattle. By that (means) He multiplies you. There is

nothing whatsoever that resembles Him. And He hears and sees
(all things).
‫اح ِك ٌاا‬ ‫اكَّزَوػ ِك ايػْكػ َوقِكباإِكاَو َو اااْك ل ِك‬ ‫اّتَّز ِك‬ ‫َو ا َوػ ٰى ِكام ْك افُكطُك ٍء‬
‫اخ سئًن ا َو ُك َوو َو‬
‫لَو َو ْك َو ْك ْك َو َو ُك َو‬ ‫اارج ِكعاااْكَو َو‬
‫ور ُك ْك‬ ‫ْك َو‬
67:3-4 (He) who created the seven skies one above the other.
You will not find any disproportion in the creations of (Allah)
the Most Merciful. Then you look (at them). Do you see any
fissure? Then you turn your vision again twice. (Your) vision
will come back to you discomfited and exhausted (without
finding any flaw).
There are many verses in the Quran that point to the
designs and purposes to make us aware of them. Only a few are
quoted above. We also observe and experience that natural
designs are perfect. For instance, in the millions of biological
species living on Earth, we do not find even a single case of
half-developed organ incomplete in its structure or inefficient
in its functioning. Several kinds of designs can be identified
and recognized in nature. Apart from the structural design of
each component of the universe, there are innumerable
processes and mechanisms that exhibit spectacular operational
designs. Depending on how they are viewed by our senses,
they would appear to range from the simplest to extremely
complex phenomena. We are so familiar with many of these
natural phenomena in our daily life (e.g., gravity, wind, rain,
etc.) that they have ceased to inspire awe in us or to attract our
attention. Our stomach is capable of digesting every kind of
meat. Suppose that you are able to cut out a piece of stomach
and swallow it. It will be immediately digested. But so long as
that piece remained as part of the stomach (i.e., before you cut
and removed it), it was not digested! In other words, stomach
produces juices containing enzymes and other substances
capable of its own breakdown but remains at the same time
unattacked and safe while it breaks down the food materials
arriving to it! Evidently, there is mechanism designed to

prevent it from getting digested. When a morsel of food is
taken into the mouth, the teeth chew only the food material and
spare the tongue. In effect the teeth can distinguish the food
material from tongue. We also know that blood exists as liquid
inside the blood vessel; everywhere else, it clots.
Womb provides the most ideal environment and
infrastructure for the development of the foetus during a
specified period. It anticipates the deposition of male sperm in
it, its fusion with female egg to form zygote and its further
development into a foetus. Meiosis is a mechanism designed to
reduce the chromosome number in the cell to one half (from 2n
to n) during gamete formation. The process is not an arbitrary
one in the sense that it is not a simple reduction of the
chromosome number to half; but the reduction is achieved
through the separation of homologous chromosomes so that the
resulting cells will have one of the chromosomes of each
homologous pair (see chapter 9). Fertilization (see chapter 12)
brings together the male and female gametes restoring the cell
chromosome number to 2n. Just look around; we will find in
everything the most appropriate design to serve the purpose for
which it is created. Scientific literature reveals this
overwhelming truth in great detail.
Computer model of the physical universe based on
the Quran
Basically a computer system consists of software and
hardware components. In the computer jargon, the term
„software‟ describes the program. The program is a set of
instructions written in a suitable language in the proper
sequence and is uploaded into the system for executing the
tasks intended. The software stored on the memory device of
the computer is thus an unseen component, which drives the
computer to perform the tasks specified in it. The term
„hardware‟ describes all the visible components of a computer.
Supposition of the universe as divine computer system

necessitates the existence of Divine Master Program (DMP).
DMP is considered here as the cosmic software. For
convenience in discussion, the DMP may be distinguished as
having composed of two subprograms namely, the
abioprogram and the bioprogram [2]. The abioprogram
(abiosoftware) determines abiogenesis (origin of the inanimate
world) and the characteristic properties of the inanimate
components. It thus forms the source of chemical information.
The bioprogram (biosoftware) determines biogenesis (origin of
living species) and the characteristic properties of the living
matter. It thus represents the source of biological information.
This means two kinds of divine information (Allah‟s Word or
instructions) namely, chemical information and biological
information are fundamental to the making of the universe.
Insofar as energy is information (Allah‟s instructions or
Word) and the whole universe can be visualized as space filled
with information, the concept of memetics with required
modifications can be readily applied to the computer universe.
The term “meme” was originally proposed by Richard
Dawkins to mean “replicator” [12]. Memetics is a fast
catching-up concept in epistemology with “meme” describing a
piece of knowledge that is transmitted from one individual to
the other and gets replicated in the process [13]. In the
cosmological context, memetics can be thought of as separate
science that describes the universe as divine instruction
(information)-laden system. “Meme” is used here not with the
connotation of a “replicator” or with the other characteristics
originally assigned to it. A Meme is defined here as piece of
divine information (energy) in the abiotic and biotic segments
of the universe. The meme deriving from abioprogram may be
referred to as “abiomeme” and the meme deriving from the
bioprogram as “biomeme”. Accordingly, abiomemetics forms
the science of chemical information and biomemetics forms the
science of biological information [14]. Of these, the
bioprogram will be discussed in chapter 9.
a) Abioprogram –the divine source of chemical information

The Quran reveals that Allah‟s commands (programs)
are immanent in the universal components:
‫ل ِك َوحا َو ِكح ْكفظًن ا ۚ ا ٰىذَواِك َو ا َوػ ْكق ِكيُك اااْك َوع ِكي ِك اااْك َوعِك ِكام‬‫ِبَو َو‬
‫ِك‬
He assigned to each sky its command (instructions or
program). And We adorned the lower sky with lamps and
rendered it inviolable. Such is His decree, the Mighty, the
Omniscient.
‫ضا ِكأ ْكَوم ِكهِكا ۚ ا‬ ‫ِك ِكِك‬
‫وـااا َّز َو ُكا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ُك‬
30:25 “And among His signs is this – the sky and earth stand
by His command…”
In the light of these revelations, it can be inferred that the mode
of behaviour and functioning of the component systems of the
universe are governed by the programs (divine instructions)
immanent in them. The fundamental constituents of the
universe are energy and space. Tangible energy exists as matter
and non-matter (e.g., electromagnetic radiation, heat, electrical,
etc.) forms. In whatever form it exists, it has a structure. For a
better understanding of the proposed concept, we shall restrict
the discussion to matter form from the level of atom or
molecule. Presently we know more than one hundred and
fifteen chemical elements with several atomic species
(isotopes) for each of them. Each element has certain atomic
structure, which determines its physical and chemical
properties. These elements can combine in numerous
combinations obeying certain specific rules to produce a wide
range of substances each with specific chemical structure and
properties. How does this happen? Are the elements intelligent
entities to invent and decide their structures, properties and
rules by themselves? This is one of the most fundamental
aspects of the working of the universe that has not been and
cannot be addressed in science. The rules that govern the

formation of chemical structures as well as acquiring properties
by them are prescribed and governed by the divine
abioprogram. Similarly for non-matter forms of energy also,
the abioprogram determines their nature of existence and
behavioural patterns (properties).
Matter and non-matter forms of energy can be
conceived as embodiment of divine information. The
abioprogram immanent in various matter and non-matter forms
of energy can be therefore explained in terms of a structure-
code concept. The atom is considered here as the basic unit of
matter for illustrating this concept (Table 7.1). We may assume
that the structure signifies a code „written‟ in a special
language like the symbolic language used in computer
machines; i.e., the structure encodes specific divine
instructions. This code is deciphered in terms of the
abioprogram and the structure derives its properties (semantic
content). The Quranic message that God‟s commands are built
into the universal components (see verses 41:12 and others
quoted above) can be explained that way.
Table 7.1. Illustration of the abioprogram-based structure-code concept

explaining how substances acquire their properties in comparison with
acquiring of meaning by a word in English language
Building Unit Software Task

block
Alphabet Word English Meaning
Element Molecule Abioprogram Properties

Innumerable substances found in the universe owe their

vastly diverse properties to their structures, which, in turn, are
decided by the composition and arrangement of atoms (Fig.
7.1). Structure at the level of a molecule (substance) is defined
here as the totality of the elemental composition and
arrangement of the atoms. In the structure-code concept, the
elements form the alphabets and along with their arrangement
through bonding, etc., the structure (comparable to a word) is
formed. The structure so formed is a code that carries chemical
information. The chemical information is deciphered in terms
of its properties.
Fig. 7.1. Illustration of structure-code concept in relation to acquiring

properties by substances based on the abioprogram
Note: Each chemical structure forms an abiomeme.
A set of alphabets can carry meaning only if it is

affiliated with a language. The meaning of a word depends on
its alphabetic composition as well as the order in which the
alphabets are arranged. Two words may be different in their
alphabetic composition or in their arrangement. For instance,
English words „nest‟ and „sent‟ have the same alphabets but
different arrangements whereas the words „take‟ and „buy‟ are
different in their alphabetic composition. Likewise, different
chemical structures are formed based on the composition and
arrangement of the atoms of the elements. The structures of n-
butane and iso-butane have the same elements and same
number of atoms with the chemical formula of C4H10; but the
arrangement of the atoms is different in the two substances.
These two structures are comparable with English words „nest‟
and „sent‟. The chemical structures of water (H2O) and benzene
(C6H6) are different in their elemental (alphabet) composition.
They are comparable with English words „take‟ and „buy‟ (Fig.
7.1).
By this analogy, the phenomenon of how chemical
structures (substances) derive their properties based on the
divine program can be explained. Periodicity in the properties
of elements which provides the basis for their classification
(Periodic Table), specificity in the change of properties of
substance with change in structure, etc., are clearly the clauses
of the divine abioprogram operating at different levels of
structural hierarchy. In fact by studying the structure-property
relationships, we are deciphering the divine abioprogram at
various hierarchal levels of the universe. The chemical
structure may be thus likened to a kind of algorithm
conforming to abioprogram. The universe is therefore nothing
but divine instruction (information)-laden system.
b) Divine governance of the universe
After creating the universe Allah – the Creator, the
Programmer – is seated on His throne of authority controlling
and regulating everything. A schematic representation of the
divine governance of the universe based on the Quranic

revelations is presented in Fig. 7.2.
Allah’s Throne
Divine Commands
Memory flow
Information Angels with

flow software
Extracosmic
Universal components
(Cosmic space)
Fig. 7.2. A schematic representation of divine governance of the universe

based on the Quran
As we have seen, the Quran provides a good account of

Allah‟s Kingdom and mode of control and regulation of the
affairs from His abode, recording of information and flow of
information between the universe and Allah‟s abode.
‫ام ِكام ْك ا َو ِكف ٍءعاإِكَّزَل ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِكاإِك ْكذاِكِكها ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك ُك ُكماااَّزهُك َوارُّ ُك ْكمافَو ْك ُك ُك هُكا ۚ ا َوفَو َوَلا‬‫ااْل ْكَومَو ا ۖ َو‬‫يُك َو ػِّلُك ْك‬
‫‪10:3 “Verily your Lord is God who created the skies and the‬‬
‫‪earth in six days and is firmly established on the Throne (of‬‬
‫”‪authority) regulating and governing all things….‬‬
‫‪32:5 He rules (all) affairs from the sky to the earth; in the end‬‬
‫‪all affairs will go up to Him on a day that is a thousand years of‬‬
‫‪your (man‟s) reckoning.‬‬
‫‪There are many angels (malak in Arabic) in His‬‬
‫‪Kingdom serving Him obediently.‬‬
‫ضاج ِك ِك اااْك َوَلئِك َو ِكارس ًنَلا ُك ِكِلا ِك ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ْك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ثا‬
‫امثْكػ َو ٰىَنا َو ثُكَوَل َو‬
‫َوج َوح َو‬
‫ْك‬ ‫ُك ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫اْلَو ْك ُك ااَّزهافَو ط ِك ااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك َو‬
‫ام ايَو َو ُكا ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو َو ٰى ُك‬ ‫ااْلَوْك ِكق َو‬
‫عا ۚ ايَوِكي ُك ِكآت ْك‬
‫َو ُكرَو َو‬
‫‪35:1 “Praise be to God who created the skies and the earth,‬‬
‫‪who made the angels messengers with wings….He adds to‬‬
‫”‪creation as He pleases: for God has power over all things.‬‬
‫تاااَّز ِكذيا ُكِّلك َوا ِك ُك ْكم ُك‬
‫اّتَّزاإِك َو ٰىَل َوارِّل ُك ْكما ُكػ ْك َوج ُكع َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ُك ايػ ػوفَّز ُككمامَو اااْك و ِك‬
‫ْك َوَو َو ْك َو ُك َو ْك‬
‫‪32:11 Say: The angel of Death put in charge of you will take‬‬
‫‪your (soul at death); then you will be brought back to your‬‬
‫‪Lord.‬‬
‫ام َوَلئِك َو ٌا‬ ‫ي ا َويػُّه اااَّز ِكذي اآمُكواا ُكواا َواْكػ ُكف ُك ما َو ِك ُك مااَو راا ُكود اااَّز سا ْكِك‬
‫اْل َوج َورةُكا َو َوْكػ َوه َو‬ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو ْك ْك ًن َو ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫ام ايػُك ْك َومُك َواف‬‫وف َو‬ ‫وفاااَّزهَو َو‬
‫ام ا َوَومَو ُك ْكما َو يػَو ْكف َوعُك َو‬ ‫ل َو‬
‫َوَل ٌظا َو ٌاد َواَلايػَو ْكع ُك‬
‫‪66:6 O believers! Save yourselves and your families from a‬‬
‫‪Fire whose fuel is humans and stone, over which are‬‬
‫‪(appointed) stern (and) harsh angels. They will not defy His‬‬
‫‪orders and they execute what they are commanded.‬‬
‫َوَت َوع ُكاف َوه َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك َو‬ ‫اج ِك ٌ ِكآت ْك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفا َو َو َّز َوما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ِّلسااَو َو ا ۖ ا َو َوؿاإ ِّلِّنا َو ْك َو ُكم َو‬
‫ام َواَلا َوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬ ‫ِّلم َوا َو َوْكْم ُك ااُك َو ِّل ُكحاِبَو ْك َوؾا َو اػُك َوق ُك‬
‫اص ِكد ِك َو ا‬ ‫َوْسَو ِك ا ٰىَو ُكَوَل ِك اإِك ْكف ُك‬
‫اكْكُك ْكم َو‬ ‫ض ُكه ْكما َو َو اااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ِكافَوػ َوق َوؿا َواْكِكئُكوِكِّنا ِكأ ْك‬ ‫اكَّز َوه ُك‬
‫اّتَّزا َو َو َو‬ ‫َوْسَو َو ُك‬
‫ااْل ْك‬
‫آد َوـ ْك‬
‫َو‬
‫ااْلَو ِك ُكماا‬ ‫تاااْك َوعِك ُكم ْك‬ ‫ام ا َو َّز ْك َوػَو ا ۖ اإِكاَّز َو ا َواْك َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااسْك َوح اَو َو َواَلا ْك َومااَوَو اإَّزَل َو‬ ‫َو اُكو ُك‬
2:30-32 Behold, your Lord said to the angels: I will create a

vicegerent on earth. They said: Will You place therein one who
will make mischief therein and shed blood? While we do
celebrate your praises and glorify your holy (name). He (Allah)
said: I know what you do not know. And He taught Adam the
names of all things; then He placed them (i.e., the things)
before the angels and said: Tell Me the names of these if you
are truthful. They said: Glory to You. We (angels) do not have
any knowledge except what You taught us. Truly it is You who
are perfect in knowledge and wisdom.
The angels are assigned specific duties and are at His
command. The angels mentioned in the Quran include
messenger angels (Q. 35:1), angel for executing death of
human beings (Q. 32:11), angel for guarding Hell (Q. 66:6),
etc. All these revelations imply that angels have the divine
software necessary to carry out their duties. Allah has also
given them knowledge though much less compared to the
knowledge given to human beings as can be inferred from their
statement about the nature of human beings as „mischief
makers on Earth‟ (Q. 2:30-32). The angels do their job exactly
as commanded by God (Q. 66:6). They are therefore intelligent
dedicated robots. We may visualize that when Allah gives a
command, the angel concerned will pick it up and execute the
job through appropriate software. This is also suggestive of the
divine ground control over and above the programmed
functioning of the universe. This means there is connectivity
between Allah‟s abode and the universe. The Quran reveals
there is transmission of Allah‟s commands to the universe and
flow of information from the universe to Allah‟s abode.
‫ۚ ا َو ُك َووا‬ ‫ا٘مْكُك ُكج ِكامْكػ َوه ا َو َوم ايػَوْك ِكُكؿ ِكام َو ااا َّز َو ِك ا َو َوم ايػَو ْكعُك ُكجافِك َوه ا‬
‫ضا َو َوم َو‬ ‫ام ايَوِك ُكي ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫يػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬
‫با‬ ‫ااَلا َوأْك ِك َو ااا َّز َو ُكا ۖ ا ُك ا ػَوَو ٰى ا رِّلِبااَوَوأْك ِكَوػَّز ُك ما َو ِكَلاااْكغَوْك ِك‬
‫ْك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫اك َوفُك َو‬ ‫ورا َو َو َوؿاااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااَّزح ُكماااْكغَو ُكف ُك‬
‫َوصغَوُك ِكام ْك ا ٰىذَواِك َو ا َوَوَلا ْك‬
‫َوكَوػُك ا‬ ‫ضا َوَوَلا ْك‬ ‫اتا َوَوَل ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ۖ َواَلايػع با ْكه ِكامثْكػ َوق ُكؿاذَو َّزرةٍء ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫َو ْك ُك ُك َو ُك‬
‫امِك ٍء اا‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫إَّزَل ِكآتاكَو ب ُك‬
34:2-3 He knows all that goes into the earth and all that comes
out of it, all that comes down from the sky and all that ascends
thereto. And He is the Most Merciful, the Oft-Forgiving….He
Who knows the unseen – from Whom is not hidden the least
little atom in the skies or on the earth; nor is there anything less
than that , or greater, but is in the Perspicuous Record.
‫با ۚ اإِك َّزفا ٰىَوذاِك َو ا َو َو اااَّز ِكها‬ ‫ام ِكآتااا َّز َو ِك ا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ضا ۗ اإِك َّزفا ٰىَوذاِك َو ِكآتاكِكَو ٍء‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَوايػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬
‫َوَلْكا َوػ ْكعَو ْكما َّز‬
‫َو‬
‫يَو ِك ٌا‬
22:70 Don‟t you know that Allah knows all that is in the sky
and on the earth? Indeed it is (all there) in a Record and
certainly that is easy for Allah.
Everything that is going on in the universe is being
recorded in real time and is stored on the divine Memory (the
divine Register or Record mentioned in the Quran). All the
information about the universe is thus available to Allah. And
He knows everything, He hears everything and He sees
everything. Apart from the programmed functioning of the
universe, Allah also executes any command at His Will from
His abode. These revelations are no surprise to the people of
modern era. We can and we do also use such computerised set-
up with God-given knowledge for our purposes. The computer
model thus enables us to visualise the design and programmed
functioning of the universe to accomplish Allah‟s mission of
testing human robots.
References
1. Wahid, P. A. 1998. The Divine Expert System. Centre for
Studies on Science, Muslim Association for Advancement of
Science, Aligarh.
2. Wahid, P. A. 2006. The Computer Universe: A Scientific
Rendering of the Holy Quran, Adam Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi.
3. Lloyd, S. 2002. Computational capacity of the universe.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 237901.
4. Wolfram, S. 2002. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media,
Inc., USA.
5. Lloyd, S. 2006. Programming the Universe: A Quantum
Computer Scientist Takes On the Cosmos. New York: Alfred
A. Knopf.
6. Bray, D. 2009. Wetware: A Computer in Every Cell. Yale
University Press.
7. Kevin Kelly. God is the machine.
http://www.wired.com/wired/ archive/10.12/holytech_pr.html
Accessed on 16-6-05.
8. Mukunda, N. 2000. Science and the human condition.
Resonance, December 2000, p. 77-93.
9. Trump, M.A. What is chaos? A five-part online course for
everyone. Version 2.0, August 14, 1998.
http://order.ph.utexas.edu/chaos/
10. Hawking, S. 1988. A Brief History of Time: From the Big
Bang to Black Holes. Bantam Press, London.
11. Peak, D.A., West, J.D., Messinger, S.M. and Mott, K.A..
2004. Evidence for complex, collective dynamics and
emergent, distributed computation in plants. Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 101:918-922.
12. Dawkins, R. 1976. The Selfish Gene. Oxford University
Press.
13. http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/EPISTEMI.html Accessed
October 23, 2005.
14. Wahid, P.A. 2007. An Introduction to Islamic Science.
Adam Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
8. PROGRAMMED EVOLUTION OF THE

PHYSICAL UNIVERSE
The divine process of creation of the universe can be
understood as a phenomenon of programmed evolution. The
creation process did not produce the whole universe in one go
but as we shall see, the universe came into existence through
various stages. Allah describes Himself as the Evolver and
Bestower of forms.
‫ام ِكآتا‬
‫ااْلُك ْك َو ٰىَنا ۚ ايُك َو ِّل ُكحااَوهُك َو‬
‫َوْسَو ُك ْك‬ ‫ل ِّلوُكرا ۖ ااَوهُك ْك‬
‫ااْل ْك‬ ‫ئاااْك ُك َو‬‫ااْلَو اِك ُكقاااْكَو ِكر ُك‬
‫ُك َوواااَّزهُك ْك‬
‫ضا ۖ ا َو ُك َوواااْك َوع ِكيُك ْك‬ ‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬‫اا َّز ِك‬
‫َو َو‬
59:24 He is Allah, the Creator, the Evolver, the Bestower of
forms (or colours). To Him belong the most beautiful names.
Everything in the skies and the earth sings His praises. And He
is the Mighty, the Wise.
Important hints about the process of creation of the

present universe can be obtained from the Quranic verses
relating to the re-creation of the universe on the Day of
Judgement as it is stated that the re-creation of the universe
will take place in the same way it was created for the first time
(Q. 21:104, 39:67). We can use these revelations about the
creation of the next universe to reconstruct the process of
creation of the present universe. Although a detailed account of
the process of creation of the universe is not given in the
Quran, it does give certain sequences and durations relating to
the creation of the universe, its organization and ultimate fate.
‫ضا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۖ ا َو يػَو ْكوَوـايػَو ُكق ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْلَو ُّقا ۚ ا‬
‫وفا ۚ ا َوػ ْكواُكهُك ْك‬
‫وؿ ُك‬ ‫ياخَو َوقااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫َو ُك َوواااَّزذ َو‬
‫ااْلَوِك ُكا‬ ‫َّزه َودةِكا ۚ ا َو ُك َوو ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ِك ُكم ْك‬ ‫با َواا َو‬ ‫ورا ۚ ا َو ِكَلاااْكغَوْك ِك‬ ‫ااال ِك‬ُّ ‫َو اَوهُكاااْك ُك ْك ُك ايػَو ْكوَوـايػُكْكػ َوف ُكخ ِكآت‬
‫ُك‬
6:73 It is He (Allah) who created the skies and the earth in
truth. On the day He says “Be”, it comes into being. His Word
is truth. His will be the dominion on the Day the trumpet will
be blown. He is the knower of the invisible and the visible.

And He is the Wise, well acquainted (with all things).
‫اخ ْك ٍءقااُكعِك ُك هُكا ۚ ا َو ْك ًن اا َو َوْكػَو ا‬ ‫اكطَو ِّل ااا ِّل ِكج ِّلااِكْك ُك ُك ِك‬
‫با ۚ َو‬
‫اك َو ا َو َو ْكاَو ا َوَّز َوؿ َو‬ ‫يػَو ْكوَوـااَوطْك ِكويااا َّز َو َو َو‬
‫اكَّز افَو ِك ِك َوا‬
‫ۚ اإِكاَّز ُك‬
21:104 The Day We roll up the sky like a scroll rolled up for
books! As We originated the first creation, so shall We repeat it
– a promise binding on Us. Truly shall We fulfill it.
‫تا ِكَو ِك ِك ِكها‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫م ا َو َو ر ااااَّزهاح َّزقا َو ْك ِكرهِكا ْكاْلَورض َوِك‬
ٌ ‫امطْك ِكويَّز‬
‫ات َو‬
‫ضُكهُكايػَو ْكوَوـاااْكقَو َوم ا َواا َّز َو َو ُك‬
‫اَج ًنع ا َوػْك َو‬ ‫َو ْك ُك‬ ‫َو َو ُك َو َو‬
‫اسْك َوح اَوهُكا َو َوػ َوع َو ٰىَلا َو َّز ايُك ْك ِكُكك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ۚ ُك‬
39:67 No just estimate have they made of Allah such as is due
to Him. On the Day of Judgment the whole of the earth will be
but His handful, and the skies will be rolled up in His right
hand. Glory to Him! High is He above the partners they
attribute to Him!
The creation process began with Allah‟s command
“Be” (Q. 6:73). The universe in the beginning was just
„handful‟ implying very small initial size. The first component
of the universe to evolve was Earth. It took two Days to evolve.

Lord of the worlds.
Following the creation of Earth (human habitat), Allah
created all things in it including resources required for the
human robot testing programme. The creation of these things
took another two Days. Thus creation of Earth as the human
robot testing laboratory was complete in every respect on the
fourth Day.
After the creation of Earth and its development as the
laboratory for human robot testing, Allah turned to the sky. It
was then „smoke‟. He brought Earth and the smoke together
and completed the creation of the whole universe. The next
stage was marked by the separation of the component systems
and commencement of the expansion of the universe. The
expansion of the universe following separation of the
components led to the organization of the universe into „seven
skies and Earth‟.
‫ضاائْكِكَو اطَوْكو ًن ا َوْك َو‬ ‫اَلَو ا َو اِك ْكْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اك ْك ًن ا َو اَوَو ا َوَوػْكػَو ا‬ ‫اد َوخ ٌفافَوػ َوق َوؿ َو‬ ‫ااسَوػ َوو ٰى اإِك َوَلااا َّز َو ا َو َو ُك‬ ‫ُكّتَّز ْك‬
‫اْسَو ٍء ا ْكَومَو َو ا ۚ ا َو َوزيػَّزَّز ااا َّز َو َوا‬ ‫اك ِّل َو‬ ‫ات ِكآتايػَو ْكوَوم ْك ِك ا َو َوْك َوح ٰى ِكآت ُك‬ ‫اْس ٍء‬
‫ض ُك َّز َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫طَو ئع َو افَوػ َوق َو‬
41:11-12 Then He turned to the sky and it was smoke. He said
to it and to the earth: You both come together willingly or as
from compulsion. They said: We do come (together)
obediently (i.e., as programmed). So He completed them as
seven skies in two Days and He assigned to each sky its
command. And We adorned the lower sky with lamps and
rendered it inviolable. Such is His decree, the Mighty, the
Omniscient.
believe then?
‫وفا‬ ‫اا َّز ا ػَوػ ػَو ا ِكأَوي ٍءا إِكاَّز ااَو ِك‬
‫وس ُكع َو‬ ‫َو َو َو َو ْك َو ْك َو ُك‬
51:47 We constructed the sky with hands and We do expand
it.
‫َو‬
‫اج اا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫سَو ًن‬
71:15-16 Do you not see how Allah has created seven skies
one above another, and made the moon a light in their midst
and made the sun a lamp?
‫َو ْك ا َوػَو ٰى ِكام ْك افُكطُك ا‬
‫ورٍء‬
67:3 (Allah) who created the seven skies one above the
other. You will not find any disproportion in the creations of
(Allah) the Most Merciful. Then you look (at them). Do you
see any fissure?
The statement “So He completed them as seven skies in two
Days” in verses 41:11-12 must be seen as the time taken for the
transformation of the smoke into the other component systems
of the universe, separation of the component systems including
Earth, expansion of the space and subsequent organization of
the sky (i.e., the extraterrestrial cosmic space) as seven strata
one above the other (see chapter 4). Thus the adult universe is
described in the Quran as „seven skies and Earth‟ clearly
emphasizing the significant role of Earth in the overall mission
of God. The universe is not referred to in the Quran by a single
word. In all it took six Days for the whole universe to evolve.
Allah‟s one Day is equal to one thousand years of man. This
means that the whole process took six thousand years of human
reckoning.
‫اسَو ٍء ِكاِمَّز ا‬ ‫ا٘مْكِك َو اااَّزها ْك َو ها ۚ ا إِك َّزفايػوم ا ِكْك َو ارِّل َو َو ِك‬

‫اكأَواْك َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ُك َو ُك َو َو ْك ًن‬
‫ي َوػ ْكع ِكجُكواَو َو ا ِك اْكع َوذ ِك‬
‫ابا َو اَو ْك ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك‬
‫َوػ ُكع ُّ َواف‬
22:47 And they ask you to hasten the Punishment! But Allah
will not violate His promise. Verily a Day in the sight of your
Lord is like thousand years of your reckoning.
in six Days, and then was seated on the Throne (of Authority).
(all) obeying His command (i.e., programmed). Are not the
creation and command His? Blessed be Allah, Lord of the
worlds!
‫ام ِكام ْك ا َو ِكف ٍءعاإِكَّزَل ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِكاإِك ْكذاِكِكها ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك ُك ُكماااَّزهُك َوارُّ ُك ْكمافَو ْك ُك ُك هُكا ۚ ا َوفَو َوَلا‬‫ااْل ْكَومَو ا ۖ َو‬‫يُك َو ػِّلُك ْك‬
10:3 Verily your Lord is Allah who created the skies and the
earth in six days and is firmly established on the Throne (of
Authority) regulating and governing all things. No intercessor
(can plead with Him) without His permission. This is Allah,
your Lord. Therefore you serve (worship) Him. Will you not
then think over?
These verses reveal that following the creation of the universe,

Allah is seated on His Throne regulating and governing all
things. The Quranic revelations quoted above relating to the
process of creation of the universe can be explained
scientifically as execution of the divine software.
Execution of the abioprogram

We have seen the creation process began following
Allah‟s command “Be” (Q. 6:73). This command is given to
the intangible software of the thing to be created (see chapter
6). Therefore the command “Be” mentioned in verse 6:73
refers to that given to the invisible software (abioprogram) of
the physical universe. As a result, the abioprogram came into
operation. This moment (i.e., the moment Allah ordered “Be”)
may be considered as denoting the “big bang”, which marked
the beginning of the evolution of physical universe.
Memetically, the moment marked abiogenesis or the origin of
chemical information.
The process of creation of the inanimate universe can
be visualized as programmed evolution through the execution
of the divine abioprogram. The abioprogram is considered
here as the driving force behind the inorganic evolution and
the one which determined its course and the properties of the
inanimate forms of energy.
Following Allah‟s command “Be”, the intangible
(ghayb) software of the universe (abioprogram) began to
transform itself into the shahadat form, which human beings
can perceive (Fig. 8.1). It has been evolving ever since in
accordance with the divine instructions carried in it. The
programmed nature of evolution is very much evident from
verses 41:11-12, which tell us that the system has been obeying
Allah during its evolution. The term „obey‟ means it was
evolving as programmed. The programmed behaviour of the
universal components is also indicated in verse 7:54.
The Quranic revelation that the universe was just
„handful‟ in the beginning may be considered to indicate the
size of the first shahadat form. This stage is denoted in Fig. 8.1
as the primordial abiochip (PAC) representing the first visible
state prior to the evolution of Earth. Earth was the first
component of the universe to evolve. This indicates that the
instructions in the abioprogram executed first were those

relating to the creation of Earth. The step by step execution of
the instructions relating to the creation of Earth took two
thousand years to complete.
Start
Abioprogram
(Time zero)
Smoke Smoke
Earth
PAC
Seven skies
Adult
Earth universe
Separation of
the components
and expansion Collapse Creation of
Present the next
universe eternal
universe
End of the universe
in very small size
Fig. 8.1. Programmed evolution of the universe based on the Quran

Note: PAC – Primordial abiochip.
The creation of Earth was followed by the execution of

the instructions for its development as the habitat and venue of
human robot testing. The developmental process took two

thousand years for completion. The rest of the universe was
then smoke. The term „smoke‟ used in the Quranic verses
41:11-12 can be thought of as referring to the primordial gas
cloud blown out by the big bang. Scientific evidence for the
initial state of the universe as gas cloud has been obtained (see
chapter 4). Therefore it can be understood that Earth evolved
first from this cloud. When the evolution of Earth was
completed, the rest of the universe was still in the form of gas
cloud. The rest of the universe comprising galaxies, etc.,
evolved subsequently from this cloud. The universe so created
was together in one piece. This was followed by the execution
of instructions for the separation of the component systems,
commencement of expansion, and organization of the sky into
seven strata, in that order. The adult universe was formed thus.
The entire process of creation of the adult universe through
programmed evolution took six thousand years to complete
after Allah gave the command “Be” to its software.
The Quranic statements like “Then He turned to the sky
and it was smoke. He said to it and to the earth: You both come
together willingly or as from compulsion. They said: We do
come (together) obediently (i.e., as programmed). So He
completed them as seven skies in two Days and He assigned to
each sky its command. And We adorned the lower sky with
lamps and rendered it inviolable” in verses 41:11-12 quoted
above must be seen as referring to the sequential execution of
Allah‟s instructions contained in the abioprogram and not
Allah is giving orders each time.
All the evolved components of the universe like the
sun, moon and stars obey His command (Q. 7:54 quoted above)
and are guided by Him (87:1-3). This implies they all have
instructions immanent in their structures and hence they
function as they are programmed. Allah made the moon a light
in their midst and made the sun a lamp (Q. 71:16; 25:61). Allah
had prescribed for the moon its mansions (i.e., orbits) (Q.
36:39). He subjected the sun and the moon to His law each
running its course for a fixed term (Q. 39:5). The sun moves on
for a period determined for it. That is the decree of Allah (Q.
36:38). The sun cannot reach up to the moon and the night
cannot outstrip the day; each swims along (in its own) orbit (Q.
36:40). The sun and the moon follow certain rules (Q. 55:5).
He ordained laws and granted guidance (Q. 87:3) implying
programmed functioning of the universal components.
‫اج‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ساسَو ًن‬‫َو َوج َوع َواااْك َوق َو َو اف ه َّز ااُك ًنوراا َو َوج َوع َوااا َّز ْك َو‬
71:16 And made the moon a light in their midst and made the
sun a lamp?
‫َّز ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َّزرافَوػ َوه َو ٰى اا‬ ‫ااْلَو ْك َو اااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياخَو َوقافَو َو َّزو ٰى ا َوااذيا َو َو‬ ‫ااس َوم َوارِّل َو ْك‬
‫َوسِّل ِكح ْك‬
87:1-3 Glorify the name of your Lord Most High,who created
and then organized (the creations), who ordained laws and
granted guidance.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اَل ا ۚ ا ٰىذَواِك‬ ‫اا َّز س َو ِك‬

‫امَو ِكزَوؿ َو‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتا َو َودا‬ ‫َو ا َوػ ْكق يُك اااْك َوع ِكي ِك اااْك َوع ِكما َوااْك َوق َو َو ا َو ْكَّزراَو هُك َو‬ ‫اَت ِكياا ُك ْك َوػ َوقٍّ َوَو‬
‫َو ْك ُك ْك‬
‫َّزه ِكرا ۚ ا َو ُكك ِكآتا‬ ‫اَلَو ا ْكَوفا ُك ْك ِكرَوؾاااْك َوق ا َوَلاااَّزْك ِك‬ ‫وفاااْك َوق ِك ِك َواَلااا َّز سايػْك غِك‬ ‫َوك اْكع ج ِك‬
‫اس ُكقااا ػ َو‬ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْك ُك َو َو‬ ‫ُك ْك ُك‬
‫فَوػَو ٍء ايَو ْك َو ُكح َو‬
‫وفاا‬
36:38-40 And the sun moves on for a period determined for it.
And the moon – We prescribed for it mansions (i.e., orbits to
traverse) till it returns like the old (and withered) inflorescence
stalk of date palm. The sun cannot reach up to the moon and
the night cannot outstrip the day; each swims along (its own)
orbit.
‫ِك‬
‫اتا ْكاْلَور َو ِك‬
‫َّزه َورا َو َو اااَّزْك ِك ا ۖ ا‬ ‫َّزه ِكرا َو يُك َو ِّلوُكرااا ػ َو‬
‫ضا ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۖ ايُك َو ِّلوُكراااَّزْك َوا َو َو ااا ػ َو‬ ‫َوخَو َوقااا َّز َو َو َو ْك‬
‫ام َو ًّ ا ۗ ا َوَوَلا ُك َوواااْك َوع ِكيُك اااْكغَو َّزف ُكار‬ ‫اك َو ِك‬
‫َوج ٍء ُك‬‫اٖم ِكياْل َو‬ ‫سا َوااْك َوق َو َو ا ۖ ُك ْك‬ ‫َو َوس َّزخَو ااا َّز ْك َو‬
39:5 He created the skies and the earth in truth. He covers
the night over the day and He covers the day over the night. He
subjected the sun and the moon (to His law) each running (its
course) for a fixed term. Is He not the Mighty, the Forgiver?
‫سا َوااْك َوق َو ُك ِكاِبُك ْك َو ٍءفا‬
‫اا َّز ْك ُك‬
55:5 The sun and the moon follow certain rules.
Programmed evolution represents the creation process
in which Allah‟s instructions are executed in the prescribed
sequence. At each execution step, the intangible (ghayb)
energy that carried the instruction transformed itself into the
corresponding tangible (shahadat) form. This resulted in the
sequential appearance of the visible components of the
universe, which is referred to here as programmed evolution.
This is how the universe was designed, developed and
perfected as coherent system by Allah.
‫لَو ا‬ ‫ام ا َوػَو ٰى ِكآت َو‬ ‫اْسَو َواتاطَو ًن ا ۖ َو‬ ‫َو َو َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َو ا َوػ ٰى ِكام ْك افُكطُك ٍء‬
‫اح ٌاا‬ ‫اخ سئًن ا َو ُك َوو َو‬
‫لُك َو‬ ‫باإِكاَوْك َو اااْكَو َو‬ ‫ل َو ِك‬
‫اكَّزَوػ ْك ايػَوْكػ َوق ْك‬ ‫اارج ِكعاااْكَو َو َو‬
‫اّتَّز ْك‬
‫ور ُك‬ ‫ْك َو‬
67:3-4 (It is Allah) who created the seven skies one above the
other. You will not find any disproportion in the creations of
(Allah) the Most Merciful. Then you look (at them). Do you
see any fissure? Again turn your vision a second time. Your
vision will come back to you dull and discomfited in a state
worn out.
‫يآتاااْكَو ْكح ِك ِكاِبَو ا‬ ‫ضا ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اَت ِك ِك‬ ‫َّزه ِكرا َوااْك ُكف ْك ِك اااَّزِكِت َوْك‬
‫اخ َوَلؼاااَّزْك ِك ا َواا ػ َو‬ ‫اخ ْك ِكقااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك َو ْك‬ ‫إِك َّزف ِكآت َو‬
‫ثا‬ ‫ام ْكوِكِتَو ا َو َو َّز‬ ‫َوحَو ا ِكِكه ْك‬ ‫يػْكػفعاااَّز سا م ا َواْكػ َوؿاااَّزه ِكام ااا َّز ِك ِكام ٍء‬
‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫ام افَوأ ْك‬ ‫َو َو ُك َو َو َو َو ُك َو َو ْك َو‬
‫ضا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫باااْك ُك َو َّزخ ِك ا ػَو ْك َو ااا َّز َو ا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ل ِكي ِك ااا ي ِكحا اا َّز ح ِك‬ ‫اك ِّل ٍء‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ّكَو َو َو‬ ‫ادا َّز ا َو َو ْك‬
‫ف َوه ام ْك ُك َو‬
‫وف‬ ‫َوْلي ٍء‬
‫َو‬
2:164 In the creation of the skies and the earth, the alternation
of the night and the day, the ship that sails through the ocean
for the benefit of the mankind, the water which Allah sends
down from the sky, then He gives life with it to the earth after
its death and disperses in it all kinds of organisms, the
controlling of the winds, and the clouds suspended between the
sky and the earth, are indeed signs for people who think.
The execution of the abioprogram still goes on and will
continue so till it reaches the end instruction for the present
universe. In other words, the evolution of the present universe
has not stopped; it continues as per the abioprogram.
The scientific community does not recognize the divine
program as the driving force behind the creation process. They
also do not realize that energy is the entity that carries Allah
instructions. Consequently the scientific community finds it
impossible to explain how innumerable components (both
material and nonmaterial) of the universe with widely varying
properties evolved. In other words, it is not possible to
scientifically discover the source of chemical information. All
the components of the universe represent divine instructions.
The Quran points to that through verses 41:11-12 (quoted
above) that divine commands are immanent in the evolved
components. This means that the chemical structure encodes
divine instructions, which we can distinguish as „chemical
information‟. It is from this divine instructions a chemical
structure (i.e., a compound or substance) derives its properties
and behaviour. This will also answer the big question how a
chemical structure knows how to react and what to produce.
The information encoded by the structure is also the source of
natural laws and rules. We only discover them through
scientific experiments. Evolution of the universe demonstrates
how from an original source of chemical information
(abioprogram), material and nonmaterial components encoding
Allah‟s instructions were formed through transformation of
intangible (ghayb) energy into tangible (shahadat) forms. Since
the creation of the universe through programmed evolution

(which still goes on) is a process of transformation of energy
and does not involve addition or loss of energy, the original
quantum of energy (carried by the divine software) will always
remain unaltered or conserved. This in fact forms the basis of
the first law of thermodynamics, which states that energy can
be transformed from one form to another but cannot be created
or destroyed.
Age of the universe and Earth

Allah tells us that He created the Earth first and then the
rest of the universe. This means Earth is older than the rest of
the universe. The creation of the universe took six Days, which
is 6000 years of human reckoning as already mentioned.
However, there is no indication whatsoever as to the time
elapsed since then.
Edwin Hubble‟s classic work published in 1929
revealed the proportionality between galaxy‟s distance and its
redshift as Ho = v/d, where v is the galaxy‟s radial outward
velocity, d is the galaxy‟s distance from the earth, and Ho is the
Hubble constant [1]. The age of the universe or the time
elapsed from the big bang to the present day is given by 1/Ho.
The estimated age of the universe based on this reasoning is
13.6 + 1.5 billion years [2]. Obtaining true value of Ho is very
complicated because it depends on the accuracy of the
estimated values of its two determinants, v and d, of which d is
particularly difficult to determine. The value of Ho originally
determined by Edwin Hubble was around 500 km s-1 Mpc-1
(kilometers per second per megaparsec; 1 Mpc is 3.26 x 106
light years or 3.086 x 1016 m). The present value is between 50
and 100 km s-1 Mpc-1 [3]. A lot of uncertainties exist in the
estimation of the age of the universe and its components [4].
So far it has not been possible to determine the exact
age of the earth directly from the earth rocks employing
radiometric or other methods because the earth‟s oldest rocks
have been recycled and destroyed by the process of plate

tectonics. If there are any of the earth‟s primordial rocks left in
their original state they have not yet been traced. The age of the
earth is therefore estimated not from the individual rocks but
by considering the earth and meteorites (fragments of asteroids
that fall to the earth) as part of the same evolving system in
which the isotopic composition of lead, specifically the ratio of
lead-207 to lead-206 changes over time owing to the decay of
radioactive uranium-235 and uranium-238, respectively. Using
this approach, the age of the earth and meteorites, and hence
the solar system, has been estimated to be 4.54 billion years
with an uncertainty of less than 1%. This age in fact represents
the last time the lead isotopes were homogeneous throughout
the inner solar system and the time that lead and uranium were
incorporated into the solid bodies of the solar system. This
estimate is consistent with the current calculation of 11 to 13
billion years for the age of the Milky Way Galaxy (based on
the stage of evolution of globular cluster stars) and 10 to 15
billion years for the age of the universe (based on the recession
of distant galaxies) [5]. While it is not possible to compute the
actual age of Earth, the estimates establish the lower limit, i.e.,
Earth must be at least as old as any formation on it. However
these methods and the estimates of age still remain
controversial. For example, Christian creationists claim that the
Earth is much younger than these estimates indicate. The
young-earthers have several methods, which they claim to give
„upper limits‟ to the age of the Earth. The age of the Earth
according to them is between 5700 and 10000 years.
The age of any component of the universe must be
reckoned as the time elapsed since the instructions in the divine
abioprogram for its evolution (transformation into tangible or
shahadat form) were executed. Every component was however
there right from the beginning in intangible (ghayb) form in the
abioprogram to which Allah said “Be” (see Q. 6:73 quoted
earlier). This is like the development of an organ in human
biosystem. For instance, breasts develop much later in the
human female biosystem. The instructions for breast

development are there in the zygote as for any other organ.
However, it develops much late because its program is timed to
come into operation following the execution of a series of other
programs. We should look at every creation phenomenon in
this way as programmed phenomenon and not as random
phenomenon. Going by the time of evolution of Earth as per
the divine abioprogram (Q. 41:9-12), we may say the earth is
the oldest component of the universe for the reason it was the
first to evolve. The Quran however does not give any
indication of the time elapsed since then, which actually forms
the age of the earth following its evolution. More studies are
required to understand the evolution sequence of the universal
components in the light of the Quran. Studies are also required
to explain the organization of cosmos as seven skies as
mentioned in the Quran.
End of the universe

The Quran also gives information on the fate of the
universe. This universe will end one day and another eternal
universe will emerge in continuation of that. The present
universe is a temporary system created for a term. The term
refers to the period of human robot testing programme for
which the universe was created to serve as infrastructure
facility.
‫ااسَوػ َوو ٰى ا َو َو اااْك َوع ْك شا ا َو َوس َّزخَو ااا َّز ْك َو‬ ‫اّتَّز ْك‬ ‫اتا ِكغَو ْكِك ا َو َو ٍءا َوػَو ْك اػَو َوه ا ۖ ُك‬
‫تااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما ِكِك َوق ِك َوارِّل ُك ْكما‬
‫ل ُك ْك َو‬ ‫ام َو ًّ ا ۚ ايُك َو ػِّلُك ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَومَو ايػُك َوف ِّل‬ ‫َوج ٍء ُك‬
‫َوااْك َوق َو َو ا ۖ ُك ْك‬
‫وف‬
Lord.
‫اَلُك ْكما‬ ‫ضا َو ِكدٌرا َو َو ٰى ا ْكَوف َو‬

‫ا٘مْكُك َوق ِكامثْكػَو ُكه ْكما َو َوج َوع َو َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَواااَّزذ َو‬ ‫َوَو َوَلْكايػَوَو ْك اا َّز‬
‫اك ُكف ًنورا‬ ‫بافِك ِكهافَوأ َوَوَباااظَّز اِك ُك َو‬
‫وفاإِكَّزَل ُك‬ ‫َوج ًنَل َواَل َواريْك َو‬‫َو‬
17:99 Do they not see that Allah who created the skies and the
earth is able to create the likes of them (anew)? He has decreed
a fixed term for them; there is no doubt in it. But the
wrongdoers only preferred to reject (it).
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َو َوَلْكايػَوػ َوف َّز ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َوج ٍء ا‬ ‫اخَو َوقاااَّزهُكااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫اآتا َواْكػ ُكف ه ْكما ۗ َو‬ ‫َو َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اكثِك ِك‬
‫اام َو اااَّز ِكسا ِك َوق َوارِّلِب ْكمااَو َو فُك َواف‬ ‫ۗ ِك‬
‫ُكم َو ًّ ا ا َو إ َّزف َو ًن‬
30:8 Do they not think themselves? Allah did not create the
skies and the earth, and all in between except with truth (i.e.,
with purpose) for a fixed term. Yet there are many among
people who deny meeting with their Lord!
‫اك ا‬
‫سا َوااْك َوق َو َو ُك‬ ‫َّزه ِكرا َو يُكواِك ُكيااا ػ َو ِك َّز ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَوايُكوا ُكياااَّزْك َو ِكآتااا ػ َو‬
‫َوَلْكا َوػَو ا َّز‬
‫َّزه َورآتااا ْك ا َو َوس َّزخَو ااا َّز ْك َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫اخِك ٌا‬ ‫َوفاااَّزهَو ِكاِبَو ا َوػ ْكع َو ُك َو‬
‫وف َو‬ ‫ام َو ًّ ا َو َّز‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوْكٖم ِكياإ َو ٰىَلا َو‬
‫َوج ٍء ُك‬
31:29 Do you not see that Allah merges night into the day and
He merges day into the night and He has subjected the sun and
the moon (to his commands), each running its course for a pre-
determined term, and that Allah is well-acquainted with all that
you do?
‫اَلَو ا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو ا َوػ ْكق ِكيُك اااْك َوع ِكي ِك اااْك َوعِك ِكما‬
‫اَت ِكيااِك ُك ْك َوػ َوقٍّ َو‬
‫س َوْك‬
‫َواا َّز ْك ُك‬
36:38 And the sun moves on for a period determined for it.
‫ِك‬
‫اتا ْكاْلَور َو ِك‬
‫َّزه َورا َو َو اااَّزْك ِك ا ۖ ا‬ ‫َّزه ِكرا َو يُك َو ِّلوُكرااا ػ َو‬
‫ضا ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۖ ايُك َو ِّلوُكراااَّزْك َوا َو َو ااا ػ َو‬ ‫َوخَو َوقااا َّز َو َو َو ْك‬
‫ام َو ًّ ا ۗ ا َوَوَلا ُك َوواااْك َوع ِكيُك اااْكغَو َّزف ُكار‬ ‫اك َو ِك‬
‫َوج ٍء ُك‬‫اٖم ِكياْل َو‬ ‫سا َوااْك َوق َو َو ا ۖ ُك ْك‬ ‫َو َوس َّزخَو ااا َّز ْك َو‬
39:5 He created the skies and the earth in truth. He covers
the night over the day and He covers the day over the night. He
subjected the sun and the moon (to His law) each running (its
course) for a fixed term. Is He not the Mighty, the Forgiver?
‫َوج ٍء ا‬ ‫سا َوااْك َوق َو َو ُك ْك‬ ‫َّزه ِكرا َو يُكواِك ُكيااا ػ َو ِك َّز ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫يُكوا ُكياااَّزْك َو ِكآتااا ػ َو‬
‫َّزه َورآتااا ْك ا َو َوس َّزخَو ااا َّز ْك َو‬
‫وف ِكام ْك ا ِكطْك ِك ٍءا‬
‫مْكِك ُك َو‬ٙ‫ام َوا‬ ‫وف ِكام ِكِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ُكم َو ًّ ا ۚ ا ٰىذَوا ُك ُكماااَّزهُك َوارُّ ُك ْكمااَوهُكاااْك ُك ْك ُك ا ۚ ا َوااَّزذي َو ا َو ْك ُك َو ْك ُك‬
‫اد اه َو‬
35:13 He merges night into the day and He merges day into
the night. He has subjected the sun and the moon (to His Law),
each running its course for a fixed term. That is Allah, your
Lord. To Him belongs all dominion. And those whom you
invoke besides Him have not even the control over a date-stone
skin.
‫ام َو ًّ ا ۚ ا َوااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬

‫اك َوفُك اا َو َّز ا‬ ‫َوج ٍء ُك‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوم َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ض َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫اام ْكع ِك ُك‬
‫ُكاْكذ ُكر ُك‬
46:3 We created the skies and the earth and all in between in
truth (i.e., with purpose) and for a fixed term. But those who
reject Faith turn away from what they are warned of.
The verses quoted above make it unambiguously clear that the
entire universal system has a fixed term. On expiry of that
term, the universe will end. We know that stars have limited
supply of hydrogen for fusion reaction in their cores and
therefore they have only limited life. This indicates that the
stars cannot go on forever. The finite life of the stars is a clear
indication of the finite life of the whole universe. Occasionally
we do hear about prediction of the end of the universe by
scientists. Generally such predictions put the timeline between
20 and 40 billion years from now. But the Quran says that none
can get the knowledge of the final day or doomsday. That
knowledge is with Allah alone.
‫اٖمَوِّل َوه ااِكَووْكِك َوه اإِكَّزَلا ُك َووا‬
‫ام ْك َوس َو ا ۖ ا ُك ْك اإِكَّزٔمَو ا ِك ْك ُك َوه ا ِكْك َو َوارِّلِبا ۖ َواَل ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫يَو ْك أَواُكواَو َو ا َو ِك ااا َّز َو ا َويَّز َوف ُك‬
‫اح ِكف ا َوْكػ َوه ا‬ ‫اكأَواَّز َو َو‬ ‫ضا ۚ َواَلا َوأْك ِك ُك ْكماإِكَّزَلا ػَو ْكغَو ًنا ۗ ايَو ْك أَواُكواَو َو َو‬ ‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ۚ اثػَو ُكقَوت ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫ْك‬
‫َوكثَوػَو اااَّز ِكس َواَلايػَو ْكعَو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ۖ ا ُك ْك اإِكَّزٔمَو ا ِك ْك ُك َوه ا ِكْك َو اااَّز ِكها َو ٰىاَو ِك َّز ا ْك‬
7:187 They ask you (Prophet Muhammad) about the (Final)
Hour - when will it happen? Say: “Verily, its knowledge is
with my Lord (alone). None but He can reveal its time. It will
be hard for the skies and the earth. It will come to you all of a
sudden.” They ask you as if you are well informed about it.
Say: “Certainly, its knowledge is with Allah (alone); but most
people do not know.”
The fate of the universe has been the topic of serious
discussion following the failure of the steady state theory
(which described the universe as a static system without
beginning and end) and the successful demonstration of the
predictions of the big bang model. Theoretical explorations to
find answers to this issue are possible with the big bang model
which portrays an expanding universe. Consistent with the
observations of several supernovae (a supernova is a stellar
explosion producing an extremely luminous object made of
plasma – ionized state of matter) in other galaxies, the rate of
expansion of the universe has been found to be accelerating.
The concepts of dark energy and dark matter, which act against
gravitational attraction, have been introduced to allow for the
acceleration. The ultimate fate of the universe is supposed to
depend on how much dark energy it contains and the value of
the density parameter, omega (Ω). Density parameter (Ω) is
defined as the average matter density of the universe divided
by a critical value of that density. Based on these conditions,
three scenarios have been suggested as the probable ultimate
fate of the universe [6]. An Ω greater than 1 represents a
“closed universe”. In a closed universe gravity eventually
brings the expansion of the universe to a stop, after which it
starts contracting until all matter in the universe collapses to a
point, a final singularity called “the big crunch”. A universe is
called “open” if its Ω is less than 1. The open universe expands
forever. Matter will spread thinner and thinner. Galaxies will
exhaust their gas supply for forming new stars. The old stars
will eventually burn out, leaving only dust and dead stars. The
universe will become quite dark and the temperature of the
universe will approach absolute zero. The universe will peter
out in a “big chill”. An Ω equal to 1 describes a “flat universe”.
A flat universe expands forever but at a decelerating rate
asymptotically approaching zero. The universe will not end in a

big crunch nor expand into an infinite big chill, but will remain
at equilibrium [7]. Besides these, the possibility of
“multiverse” (parallel universes) is also indicated. It is assumed
that our universe may be one among many universes with even
different physical laws. There is also the cyclic cosmological
model that suggests the universe will exist forever through
cyclic repetition of big bang and big crunch.
The Quran repeatedly draws our attention to the end of
the universe reminding us of that impending event. The verses
21:104 and 39:67 provide certain hints about the end process
namely, the skies will be rolled up like a scroll and the size of
the universe will be reduced to a handful. These statements
relating to the end of the universe are fully consistent with the
theoretical expectations of the big crunch hypothesis which
predicts that the universe will eventually stop expanding and
start collapsing. The collapse thus leads to the end of the
universe. “The rolling up of the sky like a scroll rolled up for
books” (Q. 21:104) may be considered as metaphorical
description of collapse of the universe while the reference to
the size of the earth as “handful” is the small size of the
universe following the collapse (Fig. 8.1). The big crunch
theory is thus acceptable for explaining the end of the universe
as it agrees with the Quranic description in a broad theoretical
sense. This also means that the present universe is a closed
universe (Fig. 8.2). It may be reminded here that this is a case
of application of the Quran to science to arrive at the correct
theory from among the many theories proposed to explain a
given phenomenon. That way science can be purified by
picking out the right one and rejecting the others. Thus the
Quran guides science to the truth on the question of the fate of
the universe. Since the universe has been designed and
programmed to suit the divine mission of human robot testing,
the end of the universe will mark the completion of the human
robot testing programme.
Distance between
galaxies
Next universe
Present universe (Flat Ω=1)
(Closed Ω>1)
Big
bang
Big
Big bang
crunch
0 Time 0 Time Eternity
Fig. 8.2. Diagramatic representation of the creation of the next eternal

universe following the end of the present universe
Creation of the next universe

As with the end of the universe, the creation of the next
universe is also a certainty. The Quranic verse 21:104 quoted
above also gives certain hints about the mode of creation of the
next universe. Allah tells us that the mode of creation of the
next universe will be similar to the one adopted by Him in its
first creation. Going by the big bang model to describe the
cosmogony (the genesis of the universe), it will be by the same
process that God will create the next universe on the Day of
Judgement. The end (big crunch) of the present universe being
a cosmic singularity, it may serve as the big bang of the next
universe. According to Khoury et al., the universe can undergo

a transition from big crunch to a big bang through a string
theoretic regime which connects the two phases [8]. This
scenario offers a continuum between the present and the next
universe and corroborates the Quranic disclosure of creation of
a new universe following the end of the present universe. The
big crunch of this universe serves as the big bang of the next
universe.
The most glaring feature of the next universe that
distinguishes it from the present universe is its eternal nature
mentioned at several places in conjunction with the description
of Heaven (Q. 57:12) and Hell (Q. 43:74).
‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫تا‬ ‫مَو ِن ْكما ُك ْك َو ُكاك ُكماااْكَوػ ْكوَوـ َو‬ٙ‫ورُك ْكما ػَو ْك َو ا َويْك يه ْكما َو ِكأ ْكَو‬
ٌ ‫اجَّز‬ ‫يػَو ْكوَوـا َوػَو اااْك ُك ْك م َو ا َوااْك ُك ْك مَو تايَو ْك َوع ٰى ااُك ُك‬
‫اخ اِك ِكي َو افِك َوه ا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو ا ُك َوواااْك َوف ْكوُكزاااْك َوع ِكظ ُكام‬ ‫يام ْك ا َوْكِك َوه ْك‬
‫َوْكَت ِك ِك‬
57:12 The Day you will see the believing men and the
believing women (with) their glow spreading to their front and
their right. (They will be told): Today‟s good news for you is
Gardens with rivers flowing beneath. (You will) dwell therein
forever! That is indeed the great success!
‫اخ اِك ُك َوفا‬
‫َّزم َو‬
‫اج َوه َو‬
‫إ َّزفاااْك ُك ْكج ِكم َو ِكآتا َو َوذاب َو‬
43:74 The sinners will be in the punishment of Hell forever.
The eternal nature is theoretically a characteristic of

“flat universe” with Ω equal to 1. A flat universe will expand at
a rate that is just enough to avoid re-collapse (Fig. 8.2). It also
implies that the abioprogram of the next universe will satisfy
the eternal nature as well as its other special characteristics.
This proposition of the re-creation of the universe is
comparable with the theoretical model of cyclic universe with
the difference that the big crunch occurs only once and the next
universe will not meet with the same fate (big crunch) as its
predecessor. In other words with the creation of the next
universe, the cycle completes. Therefore, the abioprogram of
the universe may be thought of as an integrated software for

the present universe and the next universe together.
References
1. Hubble, E.P. 1929. A relation between distance and radial
velocity among extra-galactic nebulae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 15:168-173. Taken from: Kirshner, R.P. 2004. Hubble‟s
diagram and cosmic expansion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
101:8-13, www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas. 2536799100.
2. Tonry, J.L. et al. 2003. Astrophys. J. 594:1-24.
3. http://csepl.phy.ornl.gov/guidry/violence/ hubble_constant.
html. Accessed July 26, 2001.
4. Sperger, D.N., Bolte, M. and Freedman, W. 1997. The age
of the universe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:6579-6584.
5. http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html. Accessed July
25, 2001.
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe.
Accessed February 4, 2007.
7. http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/Cosmos/CosmosFate.
html. Accessed January 27, 2007.
8. Khoury, J. et al. From big crunch to big bang. arXiv:hep-
th/01018187v4. Accessed on March 2, 2002.
9. THE ROOH AND THE PHENOMENA OF

LIFE, DEATH AND SOUL
How to define „life‟ is a sweeping question that affects
all branches of biology. Carol Cleland opines that it is a
mistake to try to define „life‟ [1]. Nevertheless, life has been
described in terms of the properties or attributes of living
organism. Some examples are given below.
a) “Living things tend to be complex and highly organized.
They have the ability to take in energy from the environment
and transform it for growth and reproduction. Organisms tend
toward homeostasis: an equilibrium of parameters that define
their environment. Living creatures respond, and their
stimulation fosters a reaction-like motion, recoil, and in
advanced forms, learning. Life is reproductive, as some kind of
copying is needed for evolution to take hold through a
population‟s mutations and natural selection. To grow and
develop, living creatures need foremost to be consumers, since
growth includes changing biomass, creating new individuals
and the shedding of waste. To qualify as a living thing, a
creature must meet some variation for all these criteria. For
example a crystal can grow, reach equilibrium, and even move
in response to stimuli, but lacks what commonly would be
thought of as a biological nervous system” [1].
b) Five basic characteristics are used to describe life namely,
evidence of growth and replication, evidence of purposeful
energy transfer, response to stimuli, self-preservation, and
significant difference from the surrounding environment,
although difficulties are faced in its implementation [2].
c) “Living beings are systems that have three simultaneous

features: they are self-supported, they reproduce themselves
and they evolve through interaction with the environment” [3].
d) “Life is a chemical system able to replicate itself through

autocatalysis and to make mistakes that gradually increase the
efficiency of the autocatalysis” [3].
e) “Living beings are protein-made bodies formed by one or
more cells that communicate with the environment through
information transfer carried out by electric impulses or
chemical substances, and capable of morphological evolution
and metabolism, growth and reproduction” [3].
f) “Life is a self-sustained chemical system capable of
undergoing Darwinian evolution” [4].
None of these descriptions characterizes the phenomenon of
life in its entirety. According to Cleland and Chyba, “there is
no broadly accepted definition of „life‟. Suggested definitions
face problems, often in the form of robust counter-examples.
Here we use insights from physiological investigations into the
language to argue that defining „life‟ currently poses a dilemma
analogous to that faced by those hoping to define „water‟
before the existence of molecular theory. In the absence of an
analogous theory of the nature of living systems, interminable
controversy over the definition of life is inescapable.” [5].
Holy Quran is the only source of information on the
phenomena of life and death. The Quran reveals that life is
caused by a nonmaterial (invisible) entity called rooh.
‫تا‬
‫ااس َّزويْكػُكهُكا َو اػَو َوف ْكخ ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك ُكوفافَوإ َوذ َو‬ ‫ل ٍءؿ ِّل‬
‫ام ْك ا َوَوٍءإ َّز‬ ‫اص ْك َو‬ ‫اخ اِك ٌقا َو َو ًن ِّل‬
‫اام َو‬
‫َو إِك ْكذا َو َوؿ َوارُّ َو اا ْك َو َوَلئ َو اإِك ِّلِّن َو‬
‫اس ِكج ِكي َو َوا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ف هام ُّار ح افَوػ َوق ُكعواااَوهُك َو‬
15:28-29 Behold! Your Lord said to the angels: I am about to
create a man from sounding clay (made) from sticky mud.
When I have fashioned him and breathed into him from My
rooh, you fall down in obeisance to him.
The verses 15:28-29 describe the process of creation of Adam,

the first human being, by breathing rooh into a nonliving
material – a clay model of Adam. The term “nafs” is also used
in the Quran (Q. 4:1) in several verses to mean rooh present in

the human biosystem.
‫اح َو ةٍءا َو َوخَو َوق ِكامْكػ َوه َوازْك َوج َوه ا َو َو َّز‬
‫ث ِكامْكػ ُكه َو ا‬ ‫سا ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اارَّز ُك ُكماااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياخَو َوق ُك ْكمام ْك ااػَو ْكف ٍء َو‬ ‫ساا ػ ُكَّزقو َو‬
‫يَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّز ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫اكثِك ًناا َو اِك َو ًنا ۚ ا َوا ػ ُكَّزقوااااَّزهَواااَّز ِكذيا َو َو َواُك َو‬
‫وفا ِكِكها َو ْكاْل ْكَور َوح َوـا ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَو َو‬ ‫ِكر َوج ًنَل َو‬
‫اك َوفا َو َوْك ُك ْكم َوار ًن‬
4: 1 O mankind! Fear your Lord who created you from a
single nafs and from that, He created its mate, and from them
both He (created and) spread plenty of men and women. Be
conscious of Allah about whom you ask each other and (be
also conscious of) the family relations. Verily, Allah is
watching you.
This verse informs us that it is from a single nafs the entire
humanity is created. The nafs referred to in this verse
corresponds to the rooh breathed into the clay model of Adam.
These revelations make it clear that rooh is the cause of life. In
the light of these revelations, the phenomena of life and death
have been explained scientifically based on the computer
model of organism [6].
Organism – natural biocomputer or biorobot

“Breathing of rooh” into the clay model to create man
(Adam) mentioned in the verses quoted above (Q. 15:28-29)
may be considered as metaphoric expression of the installation
of the divine biosoftware in the clay model of man. Upon
installation of the rooh in that non-living clay model, it sprang
to life much like a lifeless computer springs to “life” when
software is installed. Therefore the invisible nonphysical rooh
can be considered as biosoftware. The Quranic verses thus
reveal to us that biosoftware (God‟s instructions or program)
exists in living systems in nonphysical form. Accordingly a
living organism can be described as natural biocomputer
system or more precisely biorobot in view of the presence of
sensory mechanisms in them.
A computer consists of basically two components

namely, the visible (tangible) hardware and the invisible
(intangible or nonphysical) software. Although the software is
nonmaterial, it requires a physical medium for its storage. The
storage medium of the computer is its hard disk. An organism
can also be described as biocomputer or biorobot. It is made of
one or more cells. The cell is a biochip (Fig. 9.1). The
structures in the cell (organelles and nuclear structures
including DNA), tissues and organs at the level of the organism
constitute the hardware. The invisible biosoftware, as in the
case of computer software, is stored on a physical medium. The
storage device of the cell is chromosome. It is the hard disk of
the organism. Since the hardware components (chemical
structures) are intended for the execution of the bioprogram,
they are produced in the cell in accordance with the
bioprogram to carry out the intended functions. The variations
observed among the tissues in their hardware including DNA
[7] confirm this. Since the biological functions of the tissues
are different, their hardware must also be different to suit the
functions. In computer parlance the biosoftware may be
described as integrated divine program or sets of divine
instructions in the right sequence for the development of the
organism (phenotype or biohardware), execution of various
bioprocesses, its behaviour, instincts, habits and every other
task performed by it. Accordingly, an organism can be viewed
as natural biocomputer or biorobot whose development and
functioning are determined by an integrated divine biosoftware
(bioprogram).
Definitions of life, death and soul

Most people irrespective of their religious affiliation
believe in an invisible „soul‟ that resides inside the body.
However the „soul‟ remains even today an abstract entity in the
minds of people. Soul is what the Quran refers to as rooh.
Therefore the explanation given for rooh based on the
computer model is equally applicable to “soul” also. The
invisible software of a computer may be considered as its soul

because it is the software that gives „life‟ to it. Likewise, the
invisible divine biosoftware (rooh) of an organism is its soul.
In this way the soul can be scientifically defined.
Fig. 9.1. A generalized diagram of the biochip (living cell) contrasted

against man-made computer chip
Note: The biochip is microscopic whereas man-made chip is macroscopic.
The Quran further reveals at verse 6:93 that it is the

removal (or in computer jargon, „deletion‟) of nafs
(biosoftware) from the body that results in death.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َو اَو ْكوا َوػَو ٰى اإِك ِكذاااظَّز اِك ُك َو‬
‫وف ِكآتا َو َو َواتاااْك َو ْكوتا َوااْك َو َوَلئ َو ُكا َو سطُكوا َويْك ِكيه ْكما ْك‬
‫َوخ ِك ُكجواا ُك‬
‫َواف َو ُك ُكما‬
6:93 “…If you could see the wicked in their panicky state at
death when the angels stretch forth their hands (saying),
“Release your nafs”….”
This implies that at death the biosoftware is permanently
deleted from the body; i.e., it is irreversibly lost from the body
cells. A dead body is therefore like a computer without
software. This will explain why life cannot be created from
nonlife, why a dead cell cannot be cultured, and why the
material gene (genome) concept (discussed later) is wrong.
Based on these Quranic revelations, the phenomenon of life can
be defined as the manifestation of the execution of the divine
biosoftware, and death as the deletion (permanent loss) of
biosoftware from the body cells.
Strictly speaking, the computer model does not
distinguish between living and nonliving systems. The so-
called nonliving system or the physical universe is also living
as per the definition of life because it is also run on a divine
program, the abioprogram. Similarly computers, robots, etc.
that run on man-made software can be considered as forms of
„artificial life‟. Thus we can distinguish three forms of life in
the universe based on the type of software. These are: a)
abiosystems or the so-called nonliving systems that run on the
divine abioprogram, b) biosystems or the living organisms that
run on the divine biosoftware, and c) forms of artificial life that
operate on man-made software. For convenience in discussion
we shall however retain the terms „nonliving‟ and „living‟.
Rooh – The invisible nonmaterial biological

information
The word rooh appears in the Quran in twenty verses.
These are 2:87, 2:253; 4:171; 5:110; 15:29; 16:2, 16:102;
17:85; 19:17; 21:91; 26:193; 32:9; 38:72; 40:15; 42:52; 58:22;
66:12; 70:4; 78:38 and 97:4. The various purposes for which
Allah used rooh are discussed below.
a) Rooh as biosoftware
‫ااس َّزويْكػُكهُكا‬ ‫ٍء ِك‬ ‫اص ْك َو ٍء ِك ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫إِك ْكذا َو َوؿارُّ ااِكْك َوَلئِك َو ِكاإِك ِّلِّن ِك‬
‫ام ْك ُكوفافَوإ َوذ َو‬
‫ل ؿام ْك ا َوَوإ َو‬ ‫اخ ا ٌقا َو َو ًناام ْك َو‬
‫َو‬ ‫َو َو َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫اس ج ي َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫تاف هام ْك ُكار ح افَوػ َوق ُكعواااَوهُك َو‬ ‫َو اػَو َوف ْكخ ُك‬
15:29 When I have fashioned him (clay model of Adam) and
breathed into it from My rooh, you fall down in obeisance to
him.
‫ل َورا َو ْكاْلَوفْكئ َو َوةا ۚ ا َو ًنَل َو‬
32:9 Then He (Allah) fashioned him (Adam) in due proportion
and breathed into him from His rooh. And He made for you
(the faculties of) hearing, seeing and feeling. Little thanks it is
you give!
‫اس ِكج ِكي َوا‬ ‫فَوِكإذَوااس َّزويػ ها اػَو َوفخ ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫تاف هام ْك ُكار ح افَوػ َوق ُكعواااَوهُك َو‬
‫َو ْكُك ُك َو ْك ُك‬
38:72 When I (Allah) have fashioned him (clay model of
Adam) and breathed into it (clay model of Adam) from My
rooh, you (angels) fall down in obeisance to him.
In these verses (15:29, 32:9 and 38:72) the word „rooh‟ denotes
biosoftware of Adam.
‫تافَوػ ْك َوج َوه افَوػَوػ َوف ْكخَو افِك َوه ِكام ْك ُكار ِكحَو ا َو َوج َوع ْكَو َو ا َوا ْكػَوػ َوه اآيَو ًنااِكْك َوع اَو ِك َوا‬
‫لَو ْك‬ ‫َوااَّزِكِتا ْك‬
‫َوح َو‬
21:91 And (remember) her (i.e., Mary) who guarded her genital
organ. We breathed into her from Our rooh, and We made her
and her son a sign for the people of the world.
‫افاااَّزِكِتا َوحلَوتافَوػ جه افَوػَوػ َوفخَو افِك ِكه ِكام ار ِكحَو ا ص َّز َوتا ِك َو ِك ِك‬
‫ت َوارػِّل َوه ا‬ ‫تا ِك ْك َو َو‬
‫ْك ُك َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫ْك َو ْك ْك َو َو‬ ‫َو َوم ْك َوَواا ْكػَو َو‬
‫ت ِكام َو اااْك َوق اِكِك َوا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو ُككُكِكها َو َوك اَو ْك‬
66:12 And Mary the daughter of Imran who guarded her
genital organ and We breathed into it (i.e., her genital organ)
from Our rooh. She believed in the Words of her Lord and His
Books. She was one of the devout (servants).
‫ااْلَو َّزقا ۚ اإِكَّزٔمَو اااْك َو ِك ُكحا ِك َو ا‬

‫اديِك ُك ْكما َوَوَلا َوػ ُكقواُكواا َو َو اااَّز ِكهاإِكَّزَل ْك‬ ‫اآت ِك‬
‫ب َواَلا َوػ ْكغُكو ِك‬ ‫ي ا َو ْك اااْك ِكَو ِك‬
‫َو َو‬
ۖ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ۖ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك َوَوا َو ُكر ٌحامْكهُكا افَوآمُكواا ا ها َو ُكر ُكس ها ا َوَوَلا َوػ ُكقواُكواا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬
‫وؿااا ها َو َوك َو ُكهُكا َواْك َوق َو اإ َو ٰىَل َو‬ ‫ام ْك َوَو َوار ُكس ُك‬
‫ا ْك ُك َو‬
‫ام ِكآتا‬ ‫ِكٰى ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفااَوهُكا َو اَو ٌ ا ۘ ااَوهُك َو‬ ‫ااخْكػًناااَو ُك ْكما ۚ اإَّزٔمَو اااَّزهُكاإاَوهٌا َواح ٌ ا ۖ ُك‬
‫اسْك َوح اَوهُكا ْكَوفايَو ُك َو‬ ‫ثَوَوَلثَوٌا ۚ اااْكػَوػ ُكهو َو‬
‫ضا ۗ ا َو َوك َوف ٰى ا ِك اَّز ِكها َوكِك ًنا‬
‫َل‬ ‫اتا َو َوم ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫اا َّز ِك‬
‫َو َو‬
4:171 O People of the Book! Commit no excesses in your
religion and do not say anything but truth about Allah. Jesus
Christ son of Mary was an apostle of Allah and His Word,
which He transmitted to Mary and a rooh from Him. So
believe in Allah and His apostles. Do not say “Trinity”, desist
(from saying that); it will be better for you. Verily Allah is one
God. Glory be to Him; (too exalted is He) to have a son. To
Him belong all things in the skies and on earth. And enough is
Allah for a protector.
In these verses (21:91, 66:12 and 4:171) the word „rooh‟ is
used to mean biosoftware of Prophet Jesus Christ. The verse
4:171 further reveals that rooh is Allah‟s Word.
b) Rooh as special program in human biosystem

In verses 2:87, 2:253 and 5:110 the term „Rooh-ul-
Qudusi‟ is used to indicate the rooh (program) used to
strengthen Prophet Jesus Christ. The Rooh-ul-Qudusi, as we
shall see later, is Jibreel.
‫اَو َوق ْك اآ َوػ ػَو اموس اااْك ِك با َوػ َّزف ػَو ِكام ا ػع ِكهِكا ِك اُّس ِك ا ۖ ا آ َوػ ػَو ا ِك اا ام َو اااْك ػِّلػَو ِك‬
‫تا‬ ‫َو ْك َو َو ْك َو َو‬ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو ْك ْك َو ْك‬ ‫ْك ُك َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ااسَو ْك َوػ ْك ُكْكُتافَوػ َوف ِك ًنيق ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وؿاِبَو َواَلا َوػ ْكه َوو ٰى ا َواْكػ ُكف ُك ُك ُكم ْك‬ ‫َو َويَّز ْك اَو هُكا ُك ِكحاااْك ُكق ُك ِكسا ۗ ا َوفَو ُك َّز َو َو‬
ٌ ‫اج َو ُكك ْكم َوار ُكس‬
‫َوك َّزذ ْكػُك ْكما َو فَو ِك ًنيق ا َوػ ْكقُكػُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
2:87 We (Allah) gave Moses the Book and followed him up
with a succession of apostles. We (Allah) gave Jesus son of
Mary, clear signs and strengthened him with Rooh-ul-Qudusi
(Jibreel). Is it that whenever an apostle comes to you with what
is not pleasing to yourselves, you get arrogant? You treated
some of them as fake and you killed some others.
‫اكَّزماااَّزها ۖ ا رفَوعا ػعضهمادرج ٍء‬ ‫ض ْكَو ا ػعضهما َو ا ػع ٍء ِك‬ ‫ِك‬

‫تا‬ ‫ام ْك َو َو ُك َو َو َو َو ْك َو ُك ْك َو َو َو‬ ‫ضا ۘ امْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬ ‫ْك َو اااُّ ُكس ُكافَو َّز َو ْك َو ُك ْك َو ٰى َو ْك‬
‫ام اا ْكػَوَو َواااَّز ِكذي َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك َوَواااْكَوػِّلػَو تا َو َويَّز ْك اَو هُكا ُك ِكحاااْك ُكق ُك ِكسا ۗ ا َو اَو ْكوا َو َواااَّزهُك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ۚ ا َوآ َوػْكػَو ا َو اا ْك َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكم ا ػع ِك ِك م ِكام ا ػع ِكام اج ْكػهماااْك ػِّلػَو ٰى ِك‬
‫اك َوفَو ا‬
‫ام ْك َو‬‫اآم َو ا َو مْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬
‫ام ْك َو‬ ‫تا َو اَو ِك ْك‬
‫ااخَوػَو ُكفواافَو ْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬ ‫ْك َو ْك ْك ْك َو ْك َو َو َو ُك ُك َو ُك‬
‫ام ايُكِكي ُكا‬ ‫ٰى ِك‬
‫ام اا ْكػَوَوػُكواا َو اَو َّز اااَّزهَوايػَو ْكف َوع ُك َو‬
‫ۚ ا َو اَو ْكوا َو َواااَّزهُك َو‬
2:253 We have graced some of those apostles more than some
others. Among them are those to whom Allah spoke and He
has elevated the status of some of them. We gave clear (signs)
to Jesus son of Mary and strengthened him with Rooh-ul-
Qudusi (Jibreel). If Allah had so willed, the later generations
would not have clashed each other after clear (signs) had come
to them. But they split up; some of them believed and some of
them rejected (Faith). If Allah had so willed, they would not
have fought each other; but Allah does what He intends.
‫ام ْك َوَوااذْك ُكك ْك ااِك ْكع َو ِكِتا َو َوْك َو ا َو َو َو ٰى ا َوااِك َو ِك َو اإِك ْكذا َويَّز ْك ُك َو ا ِكُك ِكحاااْك ُكق ُك ِكسا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫إ ْكذا َو َوؿاااَّزهُكايَو ا َو اا ْك َو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اْل ْكِكّم َوا ۖ ا َو إِك ْكذا‬
‫اْلِك ْك َو َوا َواا ػ ْكَّزوَورا َوةا َو ْكِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫با َو ْك‬ ‫س ِكآتاااْك َو ْكه ا َو َوك ْكه ًنَلا ۖ ا َو إ ْكذا َو َّز ْك ُك َو اااْك َو َو‬ ‫ُك َو ِّل ُكماااَّز َو‬
‫َوك َو هَوا‬
‫ااْل ْك‬
‫ئ ْك‬‫وفاطَوْكػًناا ِكِكإ ْكذِكِّنا ۖ ا َو ُكػ ْكِكِب ُك‬‫اك َوهْكئَو ِكاااطَّزْكِك ا ِكِكإ ْكذِكِّنافَوػَوػْكػ ُكف ُكخافِك َوه افَوػَو ُك ُك‬
‫َوَّتْكُك ُكق ِكام َو اااطِّل ِك َو‬
‫اك َوف ْكفتا ِك اإِكس ائِك ا ْك اإِك ْكذ ِك‬
‫اجْكئَوػ ُكه ْكما‬ ‫ِكجاااْك َو ْكوَو ٰى ا ِكِكإ ْكذِكِّنا ۖ ا َو إِك ْكذ َو ُك َو ْك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫اَّتْك ُك‬‫صا ِكِكإ ْكذِكِّنا ۖ ا َو إِك ْكذ ُك‬
‫َو ْكاْلَوْكػَو َو‬
‫امِك ٌا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫تافَوػ َوق َوؿاااَّز ِكذي َو ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك اْك ػِّلػَو ِك‬
‫اك َوفُك اامْكػ ُكه ْكماإ ْكفا ٰىَو َوذااإَّزَلاس ْكحٌ ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو‬
5:110 (Remember) Allah said: O Jesus the son of Mary!
Remember My favour to you and to your mother. I
strengthened you with Rooh-ul-Qudusi (Jibreel) to enable you
to speak to the people from the cradle (as infant) and in
adulthood. I taught you the Book and wisdom, the Taurat (i.e.,
the Book revealed to Prophet Moses) and the Injeel (i.e., the
Book given to Prophet Jesus Christ). And behold, you made
clay mould of a bird by My permission, then you breathed into
it and it became a bird by My permission, and you cured the
blind and the lepers by My permission. And you brought out
the dead (alive from the grave) by My permission. And behold,
I did restrain the Children of Israel from (violence to) you
when you approached them with clear signs and the

unbelievers among them said: This is nothing but sheer magic.
Another term „Rooh-ul-Ameen‟ is also used to mean
Jibreel (Q. 26:193).
‫ااْل ِكَوم ُكا‬
‫اػَوَو َوؿا ِكِكهاااُّ ُكح ْك‬
26:193 The Rooh-ul-Ameen (Jibreel) brought it (the Quran)
down.
Verse 16:102 indicates Rooh-ul-Qudusi (Jibreel)
transmitted the Quran.
‫اآمُكواا َو ُك ًن ا َو ُك ْك َو ٰى ااِكْك ُك ْك ِك ِك َوا‬ ‫ُك ااػَوَّزاَوهار حاااْك ُكق ِكس ِكام ارِّل ا ِك ْكْل ِّلقااِك ثِّل ِك‬
‫تاااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫ْك ُك ُك ُك ُك ْك َو َو َو ُكَو َو‬
16:102 Say: The Rooh-ul-Qudusi (Jibreel) has brought it (the
Quran) down from your Lord in truth in order to strengthen
those who believe and as guide and good news to Muslims.
The verses 16:102 and 26:193 indicate that a rooh referred to
as Rooh-ul-Qudusi or Rooh-ul-Ameen transmitted the Quran.
From verse 2:97 given below, it can be understood that these
two names refer to the same rooh, i.e., Jibreel. Please note that
the pronoun „it‟ (instead of „he‟ used by the translators of the
Quran to refer to Jibreel) is used here as the Quran describes
Jibreel as rooh and not as angel.
‫ل ِّل ًن ااِك َو ا ػَو ْك َو ايَو َو يْك ِكها َو ُك ًن ا‬ ‫ِك ِكِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِكِك ِك‬
‫اك َوفا َو ُك ًّااْل ْكِكِبي َوافَوإاَّزهُكااػَوَّزاَوهُكا َو َو ٰى ا َوػ ْك َو ا إ ْكذفاااَّزه ُك‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫ام ْك َو‬
‫ُك ْك َو‬
‫َو ُك ْك َو ٰى اا ْك ُك ْك م َوا‬
2:97 Say (O Muhammad!): Whoever is an enemy of Jibreel (a
rooh) that certainly it was that (Jibreel) which transmitted the
(revelation) onto your mind by Allah‟s order confirming the
(revelations) that came before it and as guidance and glad
tidings to the believers.
Thus it can be understood that it is through rooh Jibreel Allah
transmitted the Quran to the mind of Prophet Muhammad. The
mechanism of transmission of divine message is discussed in
detail in chapter 15.
c) Distinction between malak and Jibreel

Being an intangible (ghayb) entity and because not
much information is given in the Quran, a lot of confusion and
uncertainty exist over the meaning of the word rooh among the
scholars. This has also led to misinterpretation of the words
malak (angel) and Jibreel. The lack of clarity is also very much
evident in the Quran translations published by different
scholars. A comparison of the translations and interpretations
given by Yusuf Ali, Pickthal, Shakir and Mohsin Khan [8] will
make this point clear.
Of the twenty verses on rooh in the Quran already
mentioned, the verses 2:87, 2:253, 5:110, and 16:102 are about
Rooh-ul-Qudusi, and 26:193 about Rooh-ul-Ameen. In the
remaining fifteen verses, Yusuf Ali interprets the word rooh as
“spirit” in eleven verses (4:171; 15:29; 17:85; 21:91; 32:9;
38:72; 58:22; 66:12; 70:4; 78:38; 97:4), as angel in one verse
(19:17), and as “spirit of inspiration” or “inspiration” in the
other three (16:2; 40:15; 42:52). Pickthal prefers to interpret it
as “spirit” in all the verses except in 42:52 where the phrase
“Spirit of Our Command” is used. Shakir translates the word
rooh as “spirit” in eight verses (4:171; 15:29; 19:17; 32:9;
38:72; 70:4; 78:38; 97:4), as “soul” in one verse (17:85), as
“inspiration” in five verses (16:2; 21:91; 40:15; 58:22; 66:12)
and as “inspired book” in one (42:52) while Mohsin Khan
interprets it as “spirit” in two verses (4:171; 17:85), as “soul”
in three verses (15:29; 32:9; 38:72), as “angel Jibreel” in six
verses (19:17; 21:91; 66:12; 70:4; 78:38; 97:4), as “inspiration”
in three verses (16:2; 40:15; 42:52), and as “proofs, light, and
true guidance” in one verse (58:22).
It is quite evident that there is no consensus meaning
for the word rooh adopted by the scholars. The given meanings
“spirit”, “soul” and “inspiration” are abstract, vague and lack
consistency. Thus the translations of the verses concerned do
not offer a clear idea of the message conveyed through them.
Although the Quran makes clear distinction between

“rooh” and “malak”, the scholars and hence Muslims
traditionally believe that Jibreel, which is described as Rooh-
ul-Qudusi or Rooh-ul-Ameen, is a malak (more precisely a high
ranking malak or archangel) and not rooh. Verse 16:2 itself
distinguishes rooh from malak as it states that rooh is sent
through a malak (angel). Verses 70:4, 78:38 and 97:4 further
confirm this.
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُك ِكام ْك ا ِكَو ِكدهِكا ْكَوفا َواْك ِكذ ُكر اا َواَّزهُك َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا َواَو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫يػُكَوػِّل ُكؿاااْك َو َوَلئ َو َوا اُّ ِكحام ْك ا ْكَوم ِكهِكا َو َو ٰى َو‬
‫فَو ػ ُكَّزق ِكا‬
‫وف‬
16:2 He sends down angels with rooh (Scripture) from His
command to whom He likes from among His servants to warn
(man) that: There is no God but I (Allah); so you fear Me.
‫اسَوٍءا‬ ‫َوػ ْكعُك ُكجاااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ُكا َوااُّ ُكحاإِكاَوْك ِكه ِكآتايػَو ْكوٍءـ َو‬
‫اك َوف ِكام ْكق َو اره َو ِك‬
‫اَخْك َو ا َواْك َو َو‬ ‫ُكُك‬
70:4 The angels and the rooh ascend to Him in a Day whose
measure is fifty thousand years.
‫ِك‬ ‫اص ًّف ا ۖ َواَلايػَو َو َّز َو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفاإَّزَل َو‬
‫ام ْك ا َوذ َوفااَوهُكاااَّز ْك ٰىَو ُك ا َو َو َوؿ َو‬
‫اص َووا ًن‬ ‫َو ُك‬ ‫وـاااُّ ُكحا َوااْك َو َوَلئ َو ُك َو‬
‫يػَو ْكوَوـايػَو ُكق ُك‬
78:38 The Day the rooh and the angels will stand in line. None
except who is permitted by (Allah) Most Merciful and (who)
told what is right will (alone) speak.
‫َوػَوػَّز ُكؿاااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ُكا َوااُّ ُكحافِك َوه ا ِكِكإ ْكذ ِكف َوارِّلِبِك ْكم ِكام ْك ُك‬
‫اك ِّلا ْكَوم ٍءا‬
97:4 The angels and rooh descend in that (Night of Power)
with the permission of their Lord for every affair.
In all these verses, malak and rooh are treated as two different
entities. In the light of verse 16:2, verses 70:4 and 97:4 also
appear to convey that malak is the carrier of rooh. Not only for
sending rooh (Q. 16:2) but also for taking back the rooh (or
nafs), angel is appointed by Allah. This is very much evident
from verse 6:93 (quoted earlier), which reveals that the nafs is
deleted from human body by an angel at the time of death.
The distinction between rooh and malak is also quite

evident in the Quranic account of the conception of Prophet
Jesus Christ by Virgin Mary. Prophet Jesus Christ was
conceived by Mary from the rooh (biosoftware) sent to her
genital organ (Q. 66:12 quoted earlier). The rooh was sent
through an angel who appeared as male messenger before
Mary (Q. 19:17-22).
‫تاإِك ِّلِّنا َو ُكوذُكا‬ ‫اح َوج ًن افَوأ ْكَور َوس ْكَو اإِكاَوْكػ َوه ُكار َوحَو افَوػَو َو ثَّز َو َو‬‫فَو َّزَّت َوذت ِكام اد ِكِنِكم ِك‬
‫ااس ِكويًّ ا َو اَو ْك‬
‫اَلَو ا َو َو ًن َو‬ ‫َو ْك ْك ُك ْك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوَّنا‬
‫تا َّزٰى‬ ‫بااَو ِك ا ُك َوَل ًنم َوازكًّ ا َو اَو ْك‬ ‫اكْكتا َوقًّ ا َو َوؿاإِكَّزٔمَو ا َواَو ارس ُك ِك‬
‫وؿ َوارِّل اْلَو َو َو‬ ‫َو ُك‬ ‫ِك اَّز ْك ٰىَو ِك امْك َو اإِك ْكف ُك َو‬
‫ۖا‬ ‫اك ٰىَوذاِك ِك ا َو َوؿ َوارُّ ِك ا ُك َووا َو َو َّز ا َو ِّل ٌ ا‬
‫مْك َو ْك ِك ا َو َو ٌ ا َو َوَلْكا ُكَوؾا َوغِكًّ ا َو َوؿ َو‬ٙ‫وف ِكاِلا ُك َوَل ٌـا َو َوَلْك َوا‬
‫يَو ُك ُك‬
‫لًّ اا‬ ‫ضًّ افَوح َوْكهافَو اْكػَو َوذتا ِكِكهام َو اًن ا َو ِك‬ ‫اِكَوجعَوهاآي ًنااِك َّز ِكسا ر ْك ًن ِكامَّز ا ۚ ا َوك َوفا َوم اام ْكق ِك‬
‫َو َو ُك َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو ْك ًن َو‬ ‫َو َو َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو ُك َو‬
19:17-22 She placed a screen (to separate herself) from them.
Then We sent to her Our rooh and he (i.e., the angel) appeared
to her as man in all respects. She said: “I seek refuge in Most
Gracious (Allah) from you (i.e., the angel in human male
form), if you fear Allah.” He (i.e., the angel in human male
form) said: “Indeed I am only a messenger from your Lord to
gift to you a pure son.” She said: “How can I have a son as no
man has (ever) touched me and I have not been an unchaste
(woman)?” He (i.e., the angel in human male form) said: “It is
like that. Your Lord says, “It is a simple thing for Me and (We
wish) to make him (i.e., her son Jesus) a sign to mankind and a
Mercy from Us.” It is a matter ordained.” So she conceived
him (i.e., her son Jesus) and she retired with him to a remote
place.
In the above verses while describing how Virgin Mary
conceived Prophet Jesus, the word rasool (messenger) and not
malak is used to indicate the agent who brought the rooh of
Prophet Jesus Christ for deposition in his mother‟s genital
organ. It may be noted that in the Quran the word rasool is also
used to indicate malak.
‫ِك‬
‫اْس عا ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ااَّزهاي ِك ِك‬
‫ل ٌا‬ ‫لطَوف ام َو اااْك َو َوَلئ َو ُكار ُكس ًنَلا َو م َو اااَّز ِكسا ۚ اإ َّزفاااَّزهَو َو ٌ َو‬
‫ُك َو ْك‬
22:75 Allah chooses messengers from the angels and from

mankind. Indeed Allah hears and sees (all things).
‫ضاج ِك ِك اااْك َوَلئِك َو ِكارس ًنَلا ُك ِكِلا ِك ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ْك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ثا‬
‫امثْكػ َو ٰىَنا َو ثُكَوَل َو‬
‫َوج َوح َو‬
‫ْك‬ ‫ُك ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫اْلَو ْك ُك ااَّزهافَو ط ِك ااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك َو‬
‫ام ايَو َو ُكا ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو َو ٰى ُك‬ ‫ااْلَوْك ِكق َو‬
‫عا ۚ ايَوِكي ُك ِكآت ْك‬
‫َو ُكرَو َو‬
who made the angels messengers with wings – two, three or
four (pairs). He adds to creation as He pleases. Verily Allah
has power over all things.
There are also other contexts in which the word rasool
is used in the Quran to mean malak. For instance, the Quran
described the guests (angels) who came to Prophet Abraham
(Q. 15:51-60; 51:24-34) as rasool.
‫ااَلا‬ ‫وفا َو اُكو َو‬‫ااس َوَل ًنم ا َو َوؿاإِكاَّز ِكامْك ُك ْكما َو ِكجُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اد َوخُكواا َو َوْكهافَوػ َوق اُكو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اضْك ِك اإِك ْكػَوا َوماإِك ْكذ َو‬ ‫َو اػَوِّلْكئػ ُكه ْكما َو ْك َو‬
‫ام َّز ِك َواااْك ِكَوػُك افَوِك َوما ُكػَو ِّل ُك َوفا َو اُكواا‬ ‫ِك ٍء ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوػ ْكو َوج ْك اإاَّز ااػُكَو ِّل ُك َوؾا غُك َوَلـا َو ٍءما َو َوؿا َوَو َّز ْك ُكَتُكوِكِّنا َو َو ٰى ا ْكَوف َو‬
‫وفا َو َوؿافَو َو ا‬ ‫ط ِكام ْك َوار ْك َوِك َوارِّلِكهاإِكَّزَل َّز‬
‫اااض اُّ َو‬ ‫َو َّز ْكاَو َوؾا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقافَو َوَلا َو ُك ْك ِكام َو اااْك َوق اِك ِكط َو ا َو َوؿا َو َوم ْك ايػَو ْكقَو ُك‬
‫َوَجَوعِك َو ا‬
‫وطاإِكاَّز ااَو ُك َو ُّجوُك ْكما ْك‬ ‫اآؿااُك ٍء‬‫وفا َو اُكوااإِكاَّز ا ْكُكرِكس ْكَو اإِك َو ٰىَلا َوػ ْكوٍءـا ُكْك ِكِكم َو اإِكَّزَل َو‬
‫َوخطْكُك ُك ْكما َويػُّ َوه اااْك ُك ْك َوسُك َو‬
‫اامَوَوَوهُكا َو ْكَّزراَو ا ۙ اإِكا َوػَّزه ااَو ِك َو اااْكغَو ِك ِكي َو اا‬
‫إِكَّزَل ْك‬
15:51-60 Inform them about the guests of Abraham. When they
came to him (in human form) and said, “Peace”, he (Prophet
Abraham) said: We are afraid of you! They said: Do not fear.
We give you glad tidings of a son endowed with wisdom.
(Abraham) said: Do you give me (this) glad tidings in spite of
my old age? Then what else is there to inform? They said: We
conveyed to you good news about the truth. So do not be
among the disappointed (any more). (Abraham) said: And who
is disappointed of the mercy of his Lord except those who had
gone astray? (Abraham) said: What then is your purpose (of
visit), O you messengers (i.e., angels)? They said: We have
been sent to a sinning people, except the followers of Lut. We
will certainly save them all (from punishment), except his wife,
who, We have ascertained, will be among those who will lag

behind.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ا َوَو َوؾ ِك‬
‫اس َوَل ٌـا‬‫ااس َوَل ًنم ا ۖ ا َو َوؿ َو‬ ‫اد َوخُكواا َو َوْكهافَوػ َوق اُكو َو‬ ‫اضْك ِك اإِك ْكػَوا َوماااْك ُك ْك َوم َو اإِك ْكذ َو‬
‫يث َو‬ ‫اح ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو ْك‬
‫اْس ٍء افَوػ َوقَّزَوهُكاإاَوْك ِكه ْكما َو َوؿا َوَوَلا َوأْك ُككُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اغاإ َو ٰىَلا َو ْك هافَو َوج َوا ع ْكج ٍء َو‬
‫سامْكػ ُكه ْكما‬ ‫وفافَوأَوْك َوج َو‬ ‫امْك َو ُك َوفافَوػَو َو‬ ‫َوػ ْكوٌـ ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء ِك‬ ‫ِكخ َوف ًنا ۖ ا َو اُكو َو‬
‫تا َو ْكج َوه َوه ا‬ ‫ل َّز ْك‬‫اصَّزةٍءافَو َو‬
‫اامَوَوُكهُك ِكآت َو‬‫اَّتَو ْك ا ۖ ا َو َو َّز ُك هُكا ِكغُك َوَلـا َو ٍءمافَوأَو ْكػَوػَوت ْك‬ ‫ااَل َو‬
‫اخطْكُك ُك ْكما‬ ‫ااك ٰىَوذاِك ِك ا َو َوؿارُّ ِك ا ۖ اإِكاَّزها و ْك ِك ِك‬ ‫وزا َو ِكق ٌما َو اُكو َو‬
‫ااْلَو ُكماااْك َوع ُكما َو َوؿافَو َو َو‬ ‫ُك ُك َو‬ ‫َو‬ ٌ ‫تا َو ُكج‬ ‫َو َو اَو ْك‬
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ٍء ِك ِك ِك‬
‫وفا َو اُكوااإاَّز ا ْكُكرس ْكَو اإ َو ٰىَلا َوػ ْكوـا ُكْك ِكم َو ااُكػ ْكس َوا َو َوْكه ْكماح َوج َورةًنام ْك اط ٍء ُك‬
‫ام َو َّزوَوم ًنا‬ ‫َويػُّ َوه اااْك ُك ْك َوسُك َو‬
‫ِكْك َو َوارِّل َو ااِكْك ُك ْك ِكفِك َو اا‬
51:24-34 Has the story of the honourable guests of Abraham
reached you? When they came to him (Prophet Abraham) and
said: Peace! He (Prophet Abraham) said: Peace! – they were
strangers. Then he went to his wife and brought a (roasted) fat
calf, and placed it before them. He said: Will you not eat?
(When he saw them not eating, he got scared); he concealed his
fear. They said: Do not fear. And they gave him good news of
a son endowed with knowledge. But his wife came forward
(laughing) aloud. Then she struck her forehead and said, “A
barren old woman!” They said: Yes, it is like that. Your Lord
told so. Certainly He is the Wise, the Omniscient. (Prophet
Abraham) said: O you messengers! Then what is your errand
(now)? They said: We have been sent to a sinning people – to
send on them stones (i.e., missiles) of clay earmarked by your
Lord for the transgressors.
Further, there are also two other verses, which make it
unambiguously clear that Jibreel is not an angel (Q. 2:98 and
66:4). Of these, verse 2:98 also reveals that Michael, which is
also believed by the ulema as malak, is not a malak. Malak,
Jibreel and also Michael are given distinct identities. Jibreel
and Michael are not identified as angels in the Quran.
‫اك َوفا َو ُك ًّاااِكَّز ِكها َو َوم َوَلئِك َو ِك ِكها َو ُكر ُكسِك ِكها َو ِكج ْكِكِبي َوا َو ِكم َو َوؿافَوِكإ َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ُك ااِكْك َو فِك ِكي َوا‬
2:98 Whoever is an enemy of Allah, His angels, His apostles,

Jibreel and Michael, certainly Allah is an enemy of the
unbelievers.
‫ام ْكوَوَلهُكا َو ِكج ْكِكِبي ُكا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫تا ُكػُكوُك ُك َو ا ۖ ا َو إ ْكفا َوظَو َو َواا َو َوْكهافَوإ َّزفاااَّزهَوا ُك َوو َو‬ ‫اصغَو ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫إِك ْكفا َوػُكوَو اإِك َوَلاااَّزهافَوػ َوق ْك َو‬
‫ص اِك ُكحاااْك ُك ْك ِكمِك َو ا ۖ ا َوااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ُكا ػَو ْكع َو ا ٰىذَواِك َو اظَو ِكه ٌا‬
‫َو َو‬
66:4 If you two (Hafsa and Aysha, wives of Prophet
Muhammad) turn in repentance to Him, (that is good for you);
for your minds have indeed slipped (into evil). And if you both
support each other against him (Prophet Muhammad),
(remember) certainly Allah is his protector. Jibreel, the
righteous among the believers and the angels besides that, will
also back (him) up.
From the foregoing, it is evident that the words „rooh‟ and
„malak‟ mean two different things. In spite of the clear
distinction, “Jibreel” and “malak” are wrongly understood
perhaps because the term “rooh” remains unexplained even
today. The scientific explanation of rooh helps to clarify the
situation.
d) Rooh as Scripture
The Scripture is also referred to as rooh in verses 16:2,
40:15 and 42:52. These verses reveal that rooh (Scripture) is
sent to persons selected by Allah as His prophets. Further,
verse 16:2 also reveals that it is through an angel the rooh is
sent to the prophet.
‫وف‬
16:2 He sends down angels with rooh (Scripture) from His
(man) that: There is no God but I (Allah); so you fear Me.
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُك ِكام ْك ا ِكَو ِكدهِكااِكُكػْك ِكذ َورايػَو ْكوَوـا‬ ‫ِك‬

‫اااُّ َوحام ْك ا ْكَوم ِكهِكا َو َو ٰى َو‬ ‫تاذُك اااْك َوع ْك ِكشايػُكْك ِكق‬
‫رفِك عااا َّزرج ِك‬
‫َو ُك َو َو‬
‫اا َوَّزَل ِكا‬
‫ؽ‬
40:15 Elevated is He in ranks, the Lord of the Throne (of
Authority). He sends the rooh (Scripture) from His Command
to any of His servants He chooses that he (i.e., the chosen
individual) warns (people) of the Day of Mutual Meeting (of
Allah and His servants).
‫مَو ُكفا َو ٰىاَو ِك ْك ا‬ٙ‫ااْل‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى ِك‬
‫با َوَوَل ْكِك‬ ‫تا َو ْك ِكر َو‬
‫يام اااْك َو ُك‬ ‫اكْك َو‬
‫ام ُك‬ ‫َو َوك َوذا َو ا َوْك َوحْكػَو اإاَوْك َو ُكار ًنح ام ْك ا ْكَوم ِكاَو ا ۚ َو‬
‫ام ْك َو ِكق ٍءام‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ام ْك ااَو َو ُكام ْك ا َو داَو ا ۚ ا َو إاَّز َو ااَوَوػ ْكه ياإ َو ٰىَلاصَواط ُك‬
‫ِك ِكِك‬
‫َوج َوع ْكَو هُكااُك ًنوراااػَو ْكه يا ه َو‬
42:52 And thus We transmitted to you a rooh (the Quran) from
Our command. You did not know what the Book (i.e.,
Scripture) was and (what) the Faith was. But We made it (the
Quran) a light. We guide with it whom We wish from Our
servants. And verily you are guiding (people) to the right path.
The use of the term „rooh‟ to indicate the Scripture in the

above verses justifies the interpretation of rooh as biological
information because the Scriptural information (divine
revelation) can be stored in human biosystem (in the brain
memory).
e) Rooh to strengthen faith

Verse 58:22 reveals that rooh is also used to strengthen
one‟s belief. This is also consistent with the computer model as
rooh being biological program can be used to strengthen the
faith.
‫اح َّزداااَّزهَوا َو َور ُكسواَوهُكا َو اَو ْكو َو‬ ‫وفا ِك اَّز ِكها ااْك ػوِكـ ْك ِك‬‫اَت ُك ا َوػ ْكوًنم ايػُك ْك ِكمُك َو‬
‫َوَل َوِك‬
‫اك اُكوااآ َو َو ُك ْكما َوْك ا‬ ‫ام ْك َو‬ ‫ااْلخ ِك ايػُك َوو ُّاد َوف َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك‬
‫مَو َوفا َو َويَّز َو ُك ْكما ِكُك ٍءح ِكامْكهُكا ۖ ا‬ٙ‫ااْل‬ ‫وِبِكم ْكِك‬ ‫اك ِك ِك‬ ‫ۚ ٰى ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫بآتا ُكػُك ُك‬ ‫َوْكػَو َو ُك ْكما َوْك اإ ْكخ َووااػَو ُكه ْكما َوْك ا َو َوَوػ ُكه ْكما ا ُك اَوئ َو َو َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ااْلَواْكػه ر ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ت َوْك ِك ِك‬ ‫ي ْك ِكخُكهماجَّز ٍء‬
‫ضواا َوْكهُكا‬ ‫اخ ا ي َو اف َوه ا ۚ َوارض َو اااَّزهُكا َوْكػ ُكه ْكما َو َور ُك‬ ‫اَت ِكيام ْك ا َوْك َوه ْك َو ُك َو‬ ‫َو ُك ُك ْك َو‬
‫باااَّز ِكها ُك ُكماااْك ُك ْكفِك ُكح َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫باااَّزها ۚ ا َوَوَلاإ َّزفاح ْك َو‬
‫ٰى ِك ِك‬
‫ۚ ا ُك اَوئ َو اح ْك ُك‬
58:22 You will not find people who believe in Allah and the
Last Day in close relationship with those who resist Allah and
His messenger even if they are their fathers, their sons, their
brothers or their kindred. For them (i.e., the believers) He has
written belief in their minds and strengthened them with a rooh
from Himself. And He will admit them to Gardens with rivers
flowing beneath, to dwell therein (forever). Allah is well
pleased with them and they are well pleased with Him. They
are the party of Allah. Truly it is the party of Allah who are
successful.
From verses 16:2, 40:15 and 42:52 quoted above, and
from verse 17:85 given below, it can also be understood that
rooh is nothing but Allah‟s command or instruction, which in
computer terminology is program.
‫َو يَو ْك أَواُكواَو َو ا َو ِك اااُّ ِكحا ۖ ا ُك ِك اااُّ ُكح ِكام ْك ا ْكَوم ِك َوارِّلِبا َو َوم ا ُك ِك ُك ْكم ِكام َو اااْكعِكْك ِكماإِكَّزَلا َوِك ًنَلا‬
17:85 They ask you about the rooh. Say: The rooh is from the
command of my Lord. You were given only a little from (Our)
knowledge.
It is quite evident that the term “rooh” is used in the
Quran to denote not only the biosoftware but also the Scripture.
It can also be observed that the word rooh is invariably used in
the Quran in respect of living beings. Hence, “rooh” can be
best understood as the general term for the divine biological
information based on the computer model. The term
“biological information” refers to, in a broad sense, any
information that can be stored on the chromosome. This also
implies that every kind of biological information is stored on
the chromosome by the same mechanism. This is discernible
from the Quranic revelations on information storage in human
memory (see chapter 11) as well as in the cells of various other
organs (Q. 36:65, 41:20-23, see chapter 17). Further, from the
revelations that Prophet Jesus Christ is both rooh and Allah‟s
Word (Q. 4:171 quoted earlier) and the Quran is also both rooh
(Q. 16:2, 40:15 and 42:52 quoted above) and Allah‟s Word (Q.
18:27, see chapter 15), it can be deduced that the divine

biological information, which includes biosoftware, special
programs (e.g., Jibreel) installed in selected human individuals
(e.g., prophets) and revelation (Scripture), is Allah‟s Word.
And Allah‟s Word is what we call energy (see chapter 6). The
rooh in the light of computer model of the organism can be
scientifically explained in this way.
f) Death – a certainty
As discussed above, death is the result of deletion of
nafs (rooh or biosoftware) from the body. The biosoftware is
irreversibly lost from the body at death. The Quran reiterates
that death is a certainty ordained for all (Q. 3:185, 4:78) and
the term of every individual has been fixed as if by writing (Q.
3:145) implying lifespan and death are programmed for each
individual in the biosoftware (nafs). None can exceed that
term.
‫سا َوذائِكَوق ُكاااْك و ِك‬
ۗ ‫تا‬ ‫ُكك ُّااػَو ْكف ٍء‬
‫َو ْك‬
3:185 “Everyone will taste death….”
ۗ ‫ام َو َّز َو اةٍء‬
ُّ ‫اك ُك ْكم ِكآتا ػُكُك ٍءج‬ ‫َويْكػَو َو ا َو ُك واُكواايُك ْك ِكرك ُّ ُكماااْك َو ْكو ُك‬
‫تا َو اَو ْكو ُك‬
4:78 “Wherever you are, death will find you out, even if you
are in forts built strong and high!...”
ۗ ‫َل‬ ُّ ‫وتاإِكَّزَلا ِكِكإ ْكذ ِكفاااَّز ِكهاكِكَو ًن‬
‫ام َو َّزج ًنا‬ ‫َوفاَتُك َو‬
‫سا َو‬ ‫اك َوفااِكَوػ ْكف ٍء‬
3:145 None can die without Allah‟s consent, the term being
fixed as by writing.
These revelations indicate that in the normal case the term
expires with the execution of the end instruction in the
biosoftware, that is, deletion of the nafs (biosoftware) from the
body cells resulting in the death of the individual. Death being
a certainty ordained by Allah, man will never be able to
conquer death. Despite this Quranic warning, studies are going
on in the field of gerontology to extend longevity and conquer
death ultimately. A book published by the Immortality Institute
(www.imminst.org) in the US in 2004 entitled The Scientific

Conquest of Death – Essays on Infinite Lifespans, discusses
methods including cryonics for preserving human body on the
hope that one day in the near future it will be possible to
conquer death. According to them, it is now possible to
clinically „turn off‟ people for more than an hour with no
heartbeat or brain activity for certain surgical procedures.
Studies are also going on to preserve individual organs
indefinitely by using a new ice-free preservation method called
vitrification. Animal brains have been found to resume
functioning even after as long as seven years of frozen storage.
Can human life be preserved for years instead of hours? The
idea is, if human body can be preserved for long in a state of
„dormancy‟ without losing the ability to resume functioning,
the people at near-death state can be preserved and brought to
life in future when method of conquering death has been
discovered. Although there is natural mechanism of dormancy
that we observe in plant seeds, etc., going by the Quranic
revelation eternal life without death is an impossible
proposition. Death is a certainty ordained by Allah for all. It is
imperative therefore that we take guidance from the Quran in
these subjects and realize that every research effort now being
directed to stop ageing and conquer death is destined to fail.
The research will prove in the end the Quran is truth.
Rooh and the modern concept of molecular gene
The Quranic revelation of rooh as the divine
biosoftware, the driving force of life, indicates that biological
information exists in biological systems in nonmaterial (or
nonphysical) form. This perception is opposed to the molecular
gene (genome) concept in biology. Molecular gene implies that
genetic program is encoded by DNA structure. In other words,
biological information exists in material form. A brief
discussion of the scientific inadequacies and demerits of this
concept is presented here.
In 1865, the Austrian monk Johann Gregor Mendel

proposed three laws governing heredity, which however did
not see light of the day until after 30 years when in 1900 three
botanists independently and almost simultaneously
rediscovered them. Bateson coined the term “genetics” for the
emerging science of heredity in 1906. Subsequently in 1909,
Wilhelm Johannsen introduced the notions of “genotype” and
“phenotype”. In addition, for the elements of the genotype, he
proposed the term “gene”. Johannsen had reservations with
respect to gene‟s particulate nature and had also warned against
conceiving genes for a particular character [9]. Thus the gene
remained as hypothetical nonphysical entity in biology since
Mendelian genetics did not permit supposition of material
genetic elements. It is important to note in this context that
Johannsen‟s nonphysical gene agrees well with the Quranic
revelation of nonphysical rooh. Thomas Hunt Morgan and his
group contributed substantially to the understanding of the
mechanism of heredity. In the year 1933, on the occasion of his
Nobel address, Morgan observed: “At the level at which the
genetic experiments lie it does not make the slightest difference
whether the gene is a hypothetical unit, or whether the gene is a
material particle.” [10]. Nevertheless, many geneticists like
Herman J. Muller (Morgan‟s student), believed that genes had
to be material particles. In 1950, on the occasion of the fiftieth
anniversary of the rediscovery of Mendel‟s work, Muller
however admitted: “[T]he real core of gene theory still appears
to lie in the deep unknown. That is, we have as yet no actual
knowledge of the mechanism underlying that unique property
which makes a gene a gene… its ability to cause the synthesis
of another structure like itself, [in] which even the mutations of
the original gene are copied. [We] do not know of such things
yet in chemistry.” [11]. The growing success of various studies
relating to classical genetics led to hardening of the belief that
the gene is discrete, material entity [12, 13]. It has been known
since about 1913 that the individual active units of heredity -
the genes - are strung together in one-dimensional array along
the chromosomes, the threadlike bodies in the nucleus of the

cell. It has also become apparent that the information-
containing part of the chromosomal chain is the DNA molecule
[14].
George Beadle and Edward Tatum during the late
1930s and early 1940s established the connection between
genes and metabolism. They proposed the “one gene, one
enzyme hypothesis”. Since chemical reactions occurring in the
body are mediated by enzymes, and since enzymes are proteins
and thus heritable traits, it is supposed that the gene and
proteins are related. These views of gene function strengthened
the idea of genetic specificity leading to molecularization of
the gene. In the early 1940s, Oswald Avery and his colleagues
purified the deoxyribonuleic acid (DNA) of one strain of
bacteria, and demonstrated that it was able to transmit the
infectious characteristics of that strain to another, harmless one
[12]. Elucidation of the structure of DNA as macromolecular
double helix (Fig. 9.2) by Francis Crick and James Watson in
1953 [15] and in vitro characterization of the process of protein
biosynthesis led to the idea that it was the linear sequence of
ribonucleic acid derived from one of the DNA strands that
directed the synthesis of a linear sequence of amino acids, or a
polypeptide, and that this process was mediated by an adaptor
molecule (RNA template). In 1958 Francis Crick formulated
the “sequence hypothesis” (triplet code or codon, i.e., three
bases at a time specified one amino acid) and the “central
dogma” of molecular biology. All these considerations
ultimately led to defining the molecular gene. According to the
classical molecular concept, a gene is a stretch of DNA that
encodes a functional product, a single polypeptide chain or
RNA molecule. The entire collection of genes encoded by a
particular organism is the “genome” that is supposed to
constitute the genetic program. Johannsen‟s non-particulate
gene thus metamorphosed into particulate gene. The molecular
gene was born!
The material gene is not strictly a product prompted by

research findings; rather it is more a product of the conviction
of geneticists that the gene has to be material entity. The
assumption of “one gene, one protein” makes the genes
generally synonymous with proteins. Thus the term “gene”
refers to the gene that codes for protein.
Molecular biology opened the floodgates of boundless
optimism about the ability of the super molecule DNA to
decipher the mechanism of life as well as the potential of gene
for genetic manipulation. In his classic and influential
textbook, The Molecular Biology of the Gene, James Watson
stated: “We have complete confidence that further research of
the intensity given to genetics will eventually provide man with
the ability to describe with completeness the essential features
that constitute life.” [16]. But he was grossly wrong. Peter
Cook reflects: “Watson and Crick must have thought that the
sequence was everything. But life is much more complicated
than that.” [17]. That the molecular gene is too inadequate to
explain the phenomenon of life is becoming increasingly
evident from studies being conducted in genetics and related
fields.
Fig. 9.2. Double helical structure of DNA, the genetic material

a) The gene is indefinable

Although molecular biologists hoped that it would be
possible to identify the genes for different attributes of an
organism, the gene remained elusive. According to geneticist
Peter Portin, “The gene is no longer a fixed point on the
chromosome, producing a single messenger RNA. Rather, most
eurkaryotic genes consist of split DNA sequences, often
producing more than one mRNA by means of complex
promoters and/or alternative splicing. Furthermore, DNA
sequences are movable in certain respects, and proteins
produced by a single gene are processed into their constituent
parts. Moreover, in certain cases the primary transcript is
edited before translation, using information from different
genetic units and thereby demolishing the one-to-one
correspondence between gene and messenger RNA. Finally,
the occurrence of nested genes invalidates the simpler and
earlier idea of the linear arrangement of genes in the linkage
group, and gene assembly similarly confutes the idea of a
simple one-to-one correspondence between the gene as the unit
of transmission and of genetic function....” [18]. Other leading
scientists like Thomas Fogle and Michel Morange also concede
that there is no longer a precise definition of what could count
as a gene [19, 20]. An important objective of genome projects
is the identification of genes. Current estimates of human genes
generated from genome sequencing is 30,000–40,000, with
occasional excursions to 100,000 or more. One reason for the
continuing ambiguity is that genes are neither well defined nor
easily recognizable [21]. If gene cannot be defined, how can it
be counted and what reliability is there in gene estimates?
Horace Freeland Judson notes: “The phrases current in genetics
that most plainly do violence to understanding begin “the gene
for”: the gene for breast cancer, the gene for
hypercholesterolaemia, the gene for schizophrenia, the gene for
homosexuality, and so on. We know of course that there are no
single genes for such things.” [22]. In spite of that the phrase
„the gene for‟ is still in use.
Instead of generating more evidence in support of the

particulate nature of the gene, research in molecular biology is
generating evidence to the contrary. Craig Holdrege observes
(italics added): “The complexity at the molecular level reveals
that the simple mechanisms one imagined in the 1960s simply
do not exist in that form. It has become less and less clear what
a gene actually is and does. And although the deterministic
gene is still the gene that lives in the minds of many students,
lay people, and - at least as a desire - in the minds of many
biologists, the findings of late twentieth century genetics show
one thing clearly: the simple deterministic gene, the
foundational “atom” of biology is dead. There is no clear-cut
hereditary mechanism - no definite sequence of nitrogenous
bases in a segment of a DNA molecule that determines the
make-up and structure of proteins, which in turn determine a
definite feature of an organism.” [23]. Evelyn Fox Keller
makes the case for a radically new thinking about the nature of
heredity in her book The Century of the Gene. In her articulate
and insightful history of genetics and molecular biology, she
suggests that most of our common assumptions about genes are
either too simplistic or simply incorrect. It turns out, for
example, that a single functioning gene may be split and found
in several locations on a chromosome, and it is rare that a gene
can be determined to have caused any particular trait,
characteristic or behavior [24]. The problem with molecular
gene concept has attracted the attention of leading scientists. It
has also been the subject of reviews [25].
b) Lack of genome-phenome correspondence
The objective of genomic research is to ultimately
understand the relationships between heritable units and their
phenotypes. But it appears that genome concept would not
deliver that information. The genome organization is extremely
complex. Genes reside within one another, share some of their
DNA sequences, are transcribed and spliced in complex
patterns, and can overlap in function with other genes of the
same sequence families. “Today, in the era of genomic

sequencing and intense effort to identify sites of expression, the
declared goal is to search for genes, entities assumed to have
physical integrity. Ironically, the sharper resolving power of
modern investigative tools make less clear what, exactly, is
meant by a molecular gene, and therefore, how this goal will be
realized and what it will mean”, observes Fogle [19].
Knowledge of the DNA sequence does not tell us how
this genetic information leads to the observable traits and
behaviours (phenotypes) [26]. For biological research, the
twentieth century has been the century of the gene. According
to geneticist William Gelbart, “we may well have come to the
point where the use of the term “gene” is of limited value and
might in fact be a hindrance to our understanding of the
genome. Although this may sound heretical, especially coming
from a card-carrying geneticist, it reflects the fact that, unlike
chromosomes, genes are not physical objects but are merely
concepts that have acquired a great deal of historic baggage
over the past decades.” [27, italics added].
Studies at the molecular level fail to demonstrate the
expected correspondence between genome structure and
phenotype. The most spectacular example of this is the
morphological dissimilarity between human being and
chimpanzee despite a 98.7% similarity in their DNA [28].
Although evolutionary biologists speak of genomes of chimp
and man as being almost identical in support of their argument
of human evolution from animal, and for establishing
chimpanzee as the closest animal ancestor of human being,
they have not enumerated so far the identical phenotypic
characters in human and chimp in terms of anatomy,
physiology, development and other biological features. In fact
there is none. A chimp is not even 0.1% human being or a
human being 0.1% chimp. A human being differs from chimp in
every detail and at every point of the body. The only similarity
between chimp and man is in the DNA. The differences in
traits, characteristic behaviour, instincts and capabilities

between human (Homo sapiens) and chimpanzee (Pan sp.) are
far greater than the small degree of sequence divergence
(1.3%) could account for. This indicates DNA does not encode
the genetic program for the development and functioning of the
phenotype.
The chimp-human comparison is a case of similar
genomes but dissimilar phenotypes. The reverse case is also
known. Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae are physically
very similar organisms. It takes an expert to distinguish them.
The two have near-identical biology, even down to the
minutiae of developmental processes. Surprisingly, however,
their genomes are not so similar. C. elegans has more than 700
chemoreceptor genes when C. briggsae gets on by just 430.
There are also many genes unique to each of them [29].
“Typically when people say that the human genome contains
27,000 genes or so, they are referring to genes that code for
proteins,” points out Michel Georges, a geneticist at the
University of Liège in Belgium. But even though that number
is still tentative – estimates range from 20,000 to 40,000 – it
seems to confirm that there is no clear correspondence between
the complexity of a species and the number of genes in its
genome. “Fruit flies have fewer coding genes than
roundworms, and rice plants have more than humans,” notes
Mattick [30]. It is rather strange to see that genes are counted
and their number estimated when the gene cannot be correctly
defined.
Many insects exhibit alternative morphologies
(polyphenisms) based on differential gene expression rather
than genetic polymorphism (differences in genes themselves).
One of the best understood insect polyphenisms is the queen-
worker dimorphism in honey bee. Both the queens and the
workers are females but morphologically distinct forms.
Besides, the queen is fertile whereas the worker is sterile.
Studies conducted with Apis mellifera revealed that numerous
genes appeared to be differentially expressed between the two

castes [31]. The seven differentially expressed loci observed in
the study belonged to at least five distinctly different functional
groups. The queen and the worker castes in honey bee provide
an unfailing proof of the natural existence of similar genomes
exhibiting dissimilar phenotypes. The absence of genome-
phenome relationship is very much evident from these studies.
It implies that genome does not constitute the biological
program.
c) Genome - chemically untenable
Several non-chemical features have been assigned to
material genome. Some of the obvious departures from
chemical fundamentals are given below.
It is generally believed that genomes of the tissues of
the body are identical. This notion has been however
challenged [32]. Investigation into the underlying genetic
causes of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) revealed major
genetic differences between blood cells and tissue cells of the
same individuals. The finding calls into question one of the
most basic assumptions of human genetics that DNA in every
cell in the body is essentially identical to every other cell.
Apart from that, “This discovery may undercut the rationale
behind numerous large-scale genetic studies conducted over
the last 15 years, studies which were supposed to isolate the
causes of scores of human diseases. Except for cancer, samples
of diseased tissue are difficult or even impossible to take from
living patients. Thus, the vast majority of genetic samples used
in large-scale studies come in the form of blood. However, if it
turns out that blood and tissue cells do not match genetically,
these ambitious and expensive genome-wide association
studies may prove to have been essentially flawed from the
outset.” [33]. Now the question is how can the genetic
information constituted by the genome of a zygote via mitosis,
which is believed to result in identical daughter cells, can
produce different genomes and organelles? The discovery thus
challenges this belief about mitotic cell division also. A

chemical molecule (DNA in this case) cannot do that. There
are two angles to this issue. One is, if genome remains the
same, how cytologically and functionally different tissues
arise; and the other is, if genome is different in different
tissues, how such variation can occur. Either way, the
molecular gene concept flops.
It has been observed that an overwhelming 95% of
genome consisted of non-coding DNA in eukaryotes and about
5% is constituted by the coding-DNA or genes. The non-
coding DNA (ncDNA) is referred to as “junk DNA” [30].
Though structurally comparable with the coding DNA, the so-
called junk DNA does not encode similar biological
information (or vice versa).
The variations observed in the use of triplet codes
among organisms are another issue. Like the pseudogene this
aspect is against chemical fundamentals and remains
unexplained. The degenerate nature of the biological code
implies several triplets coding per amino acid. Further, two
amino acids have only one mRNA codon each; AUG for
methionine and UGG for tryptophan. Hence 59 degenerate
triplets code 18 amino acids; these 18 have two to six
synonymous codons each. Choices between synonymous
codons are not random; some codons in the set specific to an
amino acid are used more than the others [34]. The „genome
hypothesis‟ which tries to explain the variation in codon use
states that codon use is species specific, i.e., each genome or
type of genome shows a particular pattern of choices between
synonymous codons. Thus overall codon usage differs between
taxa; but codon bias is also influenced by other factors like
gene length, gene expressivity (the amount of protein made per
gene), environment and lifestyle of the organism [35]. The
codon bias gives rise to the paradox whether protein evolution
determined DNA sequence or DNA commanded protein
evolution. Many such dilemmas remain in molecular evolution.
The origin of bias in codon and anticodon frequencies

continues to elude researchers [34].
Presently an organism, be it a single-celled
microorganism or a multicellular animal, is treated as mere
bundle of chemical molecules. What we know in chemistry is
that the chemical information is encoded by the molecular
structure and it is that information which determines the
specific physical and chemical properties of the substance. The
specificity and stability of the properties under a given set of
environmental conditions are characteristics of the chemical
structure. There is no chemical structure in nature that shows
departure from these chemical fundamentals. On the other
hand, the genetic program (biological information) is dynamic
in nature as evidenced from the variable phenotype it produces
with time. How is it possible to explain evolution of different
phenotypes from the same genome without sacrificing
chemical principles? It is this dynamic genetic information that
is superimposed over the chemical information encoded by the
structure of DNA. There is no chemical structure in nature that
shows dynamic properties with time or under similar
environmental conditions. The superimposition of biological
information on the DNA structure cannot be scientifically
justified as it violates the structure-property constancy.
Another fundamental attribute of a chemical molecule
is it cannot lose the properties assigned by its structure. The
genome is an exception to this rule also! It appears it can lose
its property as is evident from its behaviour in a dead body.
Although the genome is intact in the dead body, it does not
show any sign of life indicating it does not carry genetic
program. If biological program is encoded by the structure of
DNA, how can the body die? Even if it dies, it should be
possible to restore life through repair of the faulty DNA. What
happened to the biological information the genome structure
encoded while the body was alive? How can information
encoded by a chemical structure disappear? There is no

scientific answer to any of these questions.
d) Other anomalies
Although there are certain criteria suggested to identify
the genes, their application has not been straightforward.
Besides, issues like overlap, alternative splicing, and
pseudogenes are also involved. “Pseudogenes are similar in
sequence to normal genes, but they usually contain obvious
disablements such as frameshifts or stop codons in the middle
of coding domains. This prevents them from producing a
functional product or having a detectable effect on the
organism‟s phenotype…. The boundary between living and
dead genes is often not sharp. A pseudogene in one individual
can be functional in a different isolate of the same species…
and so technically is a gene only in one strain…. there are other
pseudogenes that have entire coding regions without obvious
disablements but do not appear to be expressed…. Ultimately,
we believe that identification of genes based solely on the
human genome sequence, while possible in principle, will not
be practical in the foreseeable future.” [36].
There are many kinds of DNA repairs. Rosenfeld gives
a detailed account of the self-healing strategies of the „master
molecule‟. If a base is put in wrong place during replication,
there are enzymes to correct the mistake. Purines, without any
errors and without any damages drop out by the thousands
every day presumably due to wear and tear of existence in the
chromosomes only to be promptly replaced by insertases. A
base can spontaneously undergo change. A cytosine, for
example, will lose an amino group and become uracil. Uracil is
perfectly at home in RNA but not in DNA. The enzymes called
uracil glycosylases recognize the uracil, remove it and replace
it with a new cytosine. Suppose that an error has occurred in
one of the DNA strands say, a T has been put across from a G,
where a C really belongs. This would give rise to two strands
one with a G and the other with a T. The enzymatic apparatus
„knows‟ that cannot be correct, but how does it know whether

to replace the C with a T on one strand, or the C with an A on
the other? If the replacement takes place not on the right strand,
the result would be either death of the cell or a mutation. How
does it know which is the authentic original? [37]
Besides the anatomical, physiological and biochemical
characteristics, there are an altogether different set of heritable
attributes. Instincts (e.g., food habits, mating behaviour, etc.)
exhibited by various species and mental (intelligence,
imagination, feelings, etc.) attributes exhibited by human
beings belong to this category. It is not possible to explain
how chemical structures or base sequence in nucleic acids can
be translated into information of this kind. All these facts go
against molecular gene concept and do not support the
contention that a material (genome) constitutes the genetic
program.
The foregoing discussion brings to light the current
dismal plight of material gene concept. The failure of the
material gene will provide the confirmatory proof of the
validity of the Quranic revelation of nonmaterial biological
information – the rooh. The present-day DNA technology is
mere manipulation at the hardware level. It is precisely
biohardware technology and not biosoftware technology.
Molecular biologists are erroneously pursuing a chemical trail
to find out the source of biological information. Using DNA-
technology they are unwittingly trying to find hardware
solution for software problem. In the process they are altering
some of the hardware elements (DNA) assuming that these
structures form the software. This is like changing the typeface
of an electronic typewriter connected to a computer. The
typewriter will print out the words as ordered by the software.
If a typeface is changed it will print most of the time a wrong
word with the changed typeface although occasionally it may
print a meaningful word. This will explain why in spite of all-
out global effort in genetic engineering, not much success
(except cases like Bt cotton, Bt brinjal and insulin production)

has been achieved in this field.
Scientific evidence for nonmaterial bioinformation
The inadequacies and anomalies of the molecular gene
discussed above are indirect evidence of the existence of
bioinformation in nonmolecular form. Of these, the existence
of the genome in the dead body without showing any sign of
life is perhaps the most glaring. There are also other scientific
evidence for the existence of bioprogram in the cell
independent of DNA.
There is growing wealth of information to indicate that
the cell itself carries the program to change DNA. However,
this fact has been rather sidelined by the scientific community.
Miroslav Radman, a molecular geneticist at the Universite
Rene Descartes in Paris, discovered the phenomenon of cell-
directed mutagenesis in 1970. He showed that bacteria
harboured a genetic program to make mutations. At that time,
no one believed this heretical proposal [38]. Many biologists
were skeptical about this discovery because genetic mutation
was considered a random phenomenon. In 1988 Cairns et al.
confirmed that genetic mutations are induced from within the
cell. They found cell-induced changes of various elements of
the lac operon in Escherichia coli bacteria [39]. This report
literally galvanized the critics. According to Chicural,
depending on environmental conditions, bacteria may be able
to direct mutation of specific genes. The discovery of cell-
directed mutagenesis outraged a number of evolutionary
biologists who quickly embarked on studies to test the notion
[38]. Goodman described the studies conducted by Joshua
Lederberg at the University of Wisconsin which showed that
mutations for resistance to some antibiotics occurred
spontaneously in microbial cells that had never been exposed
before to the antibiotics [40]. Another report of resistance of
bacteria to antibiotics by Kohanski et al also provides evidence
of cell-induced mutation [41]. Commenting on the work,
Martin Enserink writes: “Traditionally, the development of

antibiotic resistance – a big and growing problem in medicine –
has been seen as a passive phenomenon. Haphazard mutations
occur in bacterial genomes, and bacteria randomly swap
genetic elements. Every now and then, a mutation or a bit of
newly acquired DNA enables the microbes to detoxify
antibiotics, pump them out of the cells, or render them
harmless in another way. When these microbes are exposed to
antibiotics, natural selection will allow them to outcompete the
ones that aren‟t resistant. But in the past 6 years, a different
view has emerged, says microbiologist Jesús Blázquez of the
Spanish National Research Council in Madrid. Researchers
have discovered that mutation rates in bacteria sometimes go
up in response to stress, in some cases promoting resistance.
And studies by Blázquez and others have shown that the
antibiotics themselves can cause this phenomenon, called
hypermutability.” [42]. Genetic change, and hence the
evolution of new species, is commonly thought as the result of
small, random mutations in individual genes. But this
perception is wrong in the light of growing wealth of data. The
mutations leading to evolutionary change can involve the
wholesale shuffling or duplication of the genetic material,
changes that can affect the expression of genes or free up
duplicated genes to evolve new functions. Further these
changes may not be totally random. Biologists need to consider
genomes and the evolutionary changes they undergo in a much
different light [43].
The phenomenon of cell-directed mutagenesis provides
ample support to the Quranic revelation of nonphysical rooh
(biosoftware) existing in the cell (as stored information). It also
validates the nonphysical gene originally proposed by Wilhelm
Johannsen [9]. DNA mutation has to be seen as change in
hardware element effected as per the biological program stored
on the chromosomes. Such changes create hardware required
for the execution of new programs as situation warrants.
In this era of computer technology, we cannot treat

nonmaterial or nonphysical phenomenon as something non-
existing, superstitious and improbable. Information is basically
nonphysical. Information stored on computer disk is intangible
and nonphysical. Ironically, molecular biologists cannot bring
themselves to believe that biological information also exists in
nonparticulate form. More than sixty years of intensive
research has gone into molecular biology worldwide and yet
biologists know precious little about the gene and phenomenon
of life! Biology is science of life. But biologists have not been
able to define and explain what life is. As is very much evident
from the above discussion, we will be able to understand and
explain the phenomena of life and death only in conjunction
with the Quranic revelations.
a) Falsifiability of nonmaterial bioinformation concept
The Quranic revelation of nonmaterial basis of life is
scientifically verifiable as it offers falsifiable predictions.
Falsifiability of the revelation equates it with a scientific
theory. The Quranic revelation about rooh yields at least two
predictions. One is, it is impossible to create life from
nonliving matter. That is, life can only be created from life and
not from nonlife. Another is, it is impossible to restore life to a
dead cell or dead body. These predictions are falsifiable. A lot
of effort is now being directed to synthesize living cell
chemically (i.e., without involving a living cell at any stage)
from scratch. In fact these experiments also test the validity of
the predictions offered by the Quranic revelations.
A team of molecular biologists led by Craig Venter in
the US produced the complete genome of an organism
Mycoplasma genitalium, a parasitic bacterium with the smallest
genome for any free-living cell [44]. This is a landmark
achievement in biology for two reasons: one is that it has been
possible to synthesize the genome of a living organism in the
laboratory, and the other is that it demonstrated the synthetic
genome could not come to life implying that genome does not
encode biological information. This means life cannot be

produced from nonlife. Failure of the synthetic genome to
spring to life provides experimental proof of the validity of the
prediction based on the Quranic revelation of the nonmaterial
rooh as the cause of life.
Claim has been made of the production of “synthetic
cell” of Mycoplasma mycoides in a paper published by Craig
Venter team [45]. This was accomplished by synthesizing the
genome of M. mycoides and transplanting it into Mycoplasma
capricolum recipient cell. The use of the term “synthetic cell”
in the paper is highly misleading because the synthesis was not
accomplished through purely chemical means. The study had
also involved in vivo methods using yeast (Saccharomyces
cerevisiae) cells. Further, the cytoplasm of the recipient cell
was also not synthetic. It is imperative that the experiments to
produce life from nonlife should not involve use of living cell
or organism at any stage as otherwise use of the term
“synthetic” will be meaningless.
Biologists can also adopt an alternative approach to
prove the material basis of the biological program by restoring
life to a dead cell through chemical means. A dead cell is
equivalent to a prosthetic cell or a synthetic cell. It has all the
material ingredients and components of a living cell (including
DNA) except life. By bringing a dead cell back to life through
chemical means, biologists can prove that life is a material
phenomenon. Thereby, they can also falsify the Quranic
revelations relating to life and death quoted above. However,
the growing instances of failure of experiments to chemically
synthesize living cell from nonlife only support the Quranic
revelations. Continued failure of experiments in this line will
ultimately prove the Quran is truth, which will also prove God
is truth. In all probability biologists are poised to prove God as
physicists did through failure of steady state cosmology (see
chapter 3).
Biomemetics
The term “biomemetics” refers to the science of
nonmolecular bioinformation based on the Quranic revelation
of intangible rooh as the cause of life. The biological
information can be thought of as information stored on the
chromosome in sectors (Fig. 9.3).
Sectors
Centromere
Fig. 9.3. Biomemory organization on the chromosome

Note: The chromosome (biomemory or hard disk of an organism) is divided
into many sectors.
The nonphysical invisible biological program stored on

the chromosome can be perceived in terms of biomemetic
concept. Biomeme (see chapter 7) may be defined as the
smallest unit of biological information that can be transmitted
from parent to offspring and that can take part in natural

biosoftware engineering processes like cutting and splicing of
chromosomal sectors, deletion, replication, translocation,
crossing over (recombination), etc. A sector on chromosome
may be storing one or more biomemes. If a sector does not
store a biomeme, it would be like a blank sector in computer
memory.
The bioprogram at the level of the species may be
distinguished as microbioprogram and as biomemome at the
level of the individual. Microbiprogram constitutes the
common biomeme pool for creation of diverse biomemomes
(individuals) within a species. Biomemome represents the
biosoftware (or nafs) of an individual generated from the
microbioprogram of the species and transmitted to the
individual via the germ line. It contains all the programs
(biomemes) prescribed for the individual. It is the execution of
the biomemome that results in various manifestations such as
development of hardware (phenotype), biosystem functioning,
behaviour, instincts, disease development, biosystem
maintenance, coordination and control, etc.
Biological phenomenon can be perceived as the product
of execution of the divine instructions contained in one or more
biomemes in the prescribed sequence. Separate programs
govern the development of structures (hardware components or
the so-called phenotype) and their functioning in the organism.
An organism may have a well-developed structure, but it may
not function if biomeme(s) for its functioning is lacking. For
instance, although we all have two hands, not all of us can
write with left hand; only those who have the biomeme(s) for
that can do that. For every function, be it an externally
performed activity or an internally performed house-keeping
biological activity, appropriate biomeme(s) is required.
Further, there are also biomemes that coordinate all the
developmental processes and functions of the organs at the
level of the individual.
a) Natural biosoftware engineering

Insofar as biomemes are stored in sectors on the
chromosome, qualitative and quantitative changes in the
semantic content can be brought about by shifting, adding,
deleting and shuffling the chromosome sectors. The
bioinformation content of a cell as a whole can also be altered
by increasing or decreasing the number of chromosomes. We
find a variety of such mechanisms in operation that can do all
these and more. Unfortunately, biologists look at them as
random phenomena, errors or mistakes. As every bioprocess
needs program to take place and is carried out in accordance
with the biomemome, it is surprising to see these important
bioprocesses are considered in biology as chance events or
mistakes. Evidently, molecular gene concept cannot offer any
explanation for these mechanisms. Biomemetically these
processes can be understood as natural biosoftware engineering
mechanisms brought about in the cell in accordance with the
biommemome. Some of the natural biosoftware engineering
phenomena are presented here.
Mitosis and meiosis: Mitosis (Fig. 9.4) and meiosis (Fig. 9.5)
are two kinds of cell division found in living organisms. They
are natural processes carried out in specified steps and
sequence to produce biomemtically variable cells. Somatic (2n)
cells (body cells and not gametes) serve as parent cells for both
mitosis and meiosis.
Fig. 9.4. Mitosis – a type of cell division that produces two daughter cells
with identical or different operamemomes
Fig. 9.5. Meiosis – a type of cell division to create four haploid (n) cells
(gametes) from a diploid (2n) somatic cell
Mitotic division produces two daughter cells with same
number of chromosomes as in parent cell. The operamemomes
of the daughter cells may be identical as in the case of cells of a
tissue or different as in the case of cells of different tissues.
Meiotic division takes place during gametogenesis, i.e.,
formation of gametes (Fig. 9.5). During this process, the
somatic cell undergoes halving of the homologous
chromosomes and replication resulting in the production of
four cells, gametes. Each of these cells will have half the
number (n) of chromosomes. During fertilization the male
gamete and female gamete fuse to form diploid (2n) cell – the
zygote, which produces diverse tissues through mitosis in the
developing individual.
Crossing over: During meiosis through a process of „crossing
over‟, the segments of non-sister chromatids of a homologous
pair of homologous dyads are exchanged (Fig. 9.6). This

swapping of portions leads to alteration of bioinformation
content in the chromosomes involved.
Fig. 9.6. Crossing over phenomenon exchanging sectors between

homologous chromosomes
Trisomy mosaicism: During cell division (both mitosis and
meiosis) sister chromatids may not sometimes separate but
move together to the same daughter cell increasing its
chromosome number by one. This phenomenon is called non-
disjunction. Anaphase lag is another mechanism in which one
chromosome fails to get incorporated into the nucleus of a
daughter cell. These mechanisms can increase or decrease the
number of chromosomes in the daughter cells and hence alter
the biomemetic content.
Chromosomal aberrations: The so-called „aberrations‟ are
changes that may occur in the chromosomes during cell
division (Fig. 9.7). Although many types of aberrations are
found, the more commonly observed are deletion (loss of small
segment of chromosome usually in only one homologue),
translocation (a segment of one of the two homologous
chromosomes breaks and binds to the other), duplication
(occurrence of the same sectors twice on the same

chromosome), inversion (a particular sector is reversed in the
chromosome), insertion (a new sector is inserted into the
chromosome), and substitution (a certain chromosome sector is
replaced with another).
Fig. 9.7. Some types of chromosomal aberration

Note: A, B, C, D and E indicate chromosome sectors
Occurrence of more than the usual set of chromosomes

in the same cell (polyploidy, a consequence of lack of
disjunction between the daughter chromosomes following
replication) is also seen in nature. These phenomena serve as
powerful tools to produce radically different chromosome
compositions and hence bioinformation content.
Transposable elements (TEs): The discovery of built-in
natural genetic engineering mechanisms dates back to Nobel
laureate Barbara McClintock‟s pioneering cytogenetic studies
on transposable elements during the late 1940s and early 1950s
[45]. These mobile elements offer a versatile cut-and-splice
tool in bringing about specific changes in the organization of
chromosomes. Transposition plays an important role in
chromosome rearrangements. Insertion, deletion and inversion
occur either as direct consequence of transposition or by
general recombination.
All these processes viewed in the light of the computer

model of organism produce specific changes in the
chromosome sectors and hence biomeme composition in
accordance with the bioprogram.
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10. ORIGIN OF BIOINFORMATION AND

PROGRAMMED EVOLUTION OF
BIOLOGICAL SPECIES
The magnitude of biodiversity existing on Earth is

overwhelming, to say the least. Several millions of diverse
biological species have been created and sustained by Allah in
the human robot testing laboratory for the benefit of man.
Although the phenomenon of life remains undefined and
unexplained in science, we find several theories advanced in
biology to explain the origin of life as well as subsequent
evolution of biological species on Earth. The theories of origin
of life suggest in one way or the other that life arose on this
planet from simple organic compounds. The process is referred
to as abiogenesis. Louis Pasteur held the view that living things
can come only from other living beings. This assertion later
came to be known as law of biogenesis. The term “biogenesis”
was originally coined by Henry Charlton Bastian to mean
generation of life from nonliving materials. However, T.H.
Huxley, a strong proponent of Darwin‟s theory of evolution,
preferred the term “abiogenesis” and redefined “biogenesis”
for life arising from already existing life forms. The generation
of life from nonliving material is henceforth called abiogenesis
[1]. The term “biogenesis” is used in this book not in the sense
mentioned above but to mean origin of divine biological
information on Earth that led to the creation of living species.
Before we discuss biogenesis and creation of biological species
in the light of the Quran, let us examine briefly theories of
abiogenesis and Darwin‟s theory of evolution.
Theories of abiogenesis
Theories advanced to explain the origin of life from
nonlife can be broadly categorized into four a) prebiotic soup
theory, b) gene-first model, c) metabolism-first model [2] and
d) panspermia theory. The essence of these theories is only

presented here.
a) Prebiotic soup theory
In the beginning, the earth was very hot and did not
possess an atmosphere. But as it cooled, an atmosphere began
to develop from the gas emitted from the rocks. The early
atmosphere was without oxygen, the vital gas required for
higher forms of life. Only primitive forms of life could have
survived then. It was supposed that by chance combination of
atoms macromolecules were formed from which self-
reproducing structures were formed. The reactions leading to
their formation took place when the earth had been sufficiently
cooled. The lowering of temperature would have also caused
the condensation of steam into water creating large water
bodies like oceans, seas, etc., on the planet. Several chemical
elements particularly carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen
present in the primitive atmosphere combined to form amino
acids from which proteins were formed. Stanley L. Miller and
Harold Urey demonstrated that simple amino acids and several
complex organic compounds could be formed in a closed
system containing hydrogen, ammonia, methane and water
vapour under the influence of an electric discharge [3]. This
was taken as evidence to suggest that a similar reaction might
have taken place in the early atmosphere under the influence of
lightning, resulting in the formation of amino acids and from
them, the proteins. These organic substances might have
accumulated in the soupy sea. According to Robinson, “The
suggestion that random chemistry could produce the molecules
of life “held the field for a long time.” But later calculations
appeared to show that the early atmosphere contained much
more carbon dioxide and much less hydrogen than Miller‟s
model required, and correcting these concentrations cast doubt
on the likelihood that complex molecules would form in
abundance. Where, then, might organic precursors have come
from? There is some, albeit scant, evidence for their arrival on
comets colliding with the earth, but there is little enthusiasm

for this as a solution. Finally, there is no geologic evidence, in
either sediments or metamorphic rocks that such a soup ever
existed.” [2].
b) Gene-first model
This model is handicapped by the chicken-and-egg
problem associated with DNA and protein. Since DNA codes
for protein, it is required for the production of protein while
protein is required for the synthesis of DNA as catalyst. The
role of DNA in the prebiotic scenario thus became suspect. The
importance shifted to RNA as it can function as temporary
information carrier and catalyst. According to the RNA world
hypothesis, the first living system was a polymer(s) of catalytic
RNA capable of self-replication that subsequently evolved the
ability to encode more versatile peptide catalysts [4, 5].
Mineral-catalyzed reactions, followed by a series of
fractionations, have been suggested to offer the most plausible
route to RNA [6, 7]. According to Smith et al., a stable cell
wall is required to protect the first primitive organism. The first
cell wall might have been an internal mineral surface, from
which the cell developed a protective biological cap emerging
into a nutrient-rich “soup”. Ultimately, the biological cap might
have expanded into a complete cell wall, allowing mobility and
colonization of energy-rich challenging environments [8].
c) Metabolism-first model
Even while the RNA world hypothesis was seriously
considered, Wachtershauser proposed a radical alternative
theory of the origin of life based on iron sulfide. Iron disulfide
(pyrite) can catalyze a variety of crucial biochemical reactions.
According to him the earliest living system was not a
nucleotide-based replicator but a mineral-based metabolizer
converting simple and abundant inorganic compounds like
carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide into more complex
organic ones on the surface of a pyrite crystal [9, 10, 11].
Wachtershauser‟s theory of auto-origin suggests pyrite

formation as the earliest energy source for life based on surface
metabolism and autocatalytic reproduction cycle. Essentially, it
is a theory of carbon fixation from an archaic, pyrite-pulled
version of the reductive citric acid cycle. Another view is that
life on the earth might have begun in rocks on the ocean floor
more than four billion years ago. Hot springs deposit a
honeycomb of iron sulphide mineral on the ocean floor. This
would have served as the ideal place for life to originate [11].
Bernal preferred life to begin by catalytic assembly on a
mineral surface [12].
Another suggestion is the clay system of Cairns-Smith
[13]. Clays may have been the catalysts that spurred the
spontaneous assembly of fatty acids into small sacs that
ultimately would have evolved into the first living cell. These
vesicles could be induced to grow and split into separate
vesicles under laboratory conditions. Many other substances
with negatively charged surfaces also catalyze formation of
vesicles. When montmorillonite particles were loaded with a
fluorescently labeled RNA and those particles were added to
micelles, the RNA-loaded particles could be detected inside the
resulting vesicles. When the labeled RNA alone was
encapsulated inside vesicles, it did not leak out. This is
considered as a demonstration of growth and division without
any biochemical machinery [14].
d) Panspermia theories
The idea that life originated on this planet in
continuation of the inorganic evolution received a jolt when, in
1973, Francis Crick and L. Orgel proposed a new theory called
the „directed panspermia‟ [15]. According to them, spores of
life might have been sent to the earth in an unmanned
spaceship by a more advanced civilization evolved billions of
years ago on a planet of another star. In effect the theory only
shifts the venue of origin of life from Earth to another planet;
but does not explain how life originated. The original
panspermia theory did not say that the spores were

intentionally sent to other planets, but merely said that
microbes in space brought life to planets like the earth. In
different versions of the theory, the microbes are supposed to
have been transported by light pressure (Arrhenius‟s radio-
panspermia), meteorites (ballistic panspermia), or comets
(modern panspermia) [16].
e) Problems with the theories
Although there is no evidence for the origin of life from
nonlife, there is no dearth in such theories either. All attempts
to assemble an integrated scheme of physicochemical
processes have significant weaknesses [17]. Problems occur
with hypotheses of the earliest molecules with the properties
commonly associated with life. These include the unlikelihood
of formation of complex self-replicating molecules such as
RNA by chance encounters even over geological time; the
difficulty of protecting such molecules following their
formation from dilution and destruction by high temperatures,
hydrolysis and ultraviolet radiation; and finally the difficulty of
imagining how self-organization alone could lead to
encapsulation of a complex hierarchy of biochemical reactions
in a membrane to form the simplest unicellular organism [17].
The “RNA world” theory is not a feasible proposition and is
losing ground. The theory is appealing because of the supposed
dual roles played by RNA – both as genetic material and as a
catalytic molecule in the protobiological evolution. However
this concept encounters considerable difficulties for the fact
that RNA is chemically fragile and difficult to synthesize
abiotically. The known range of its catalytic activities is rather
narrow, and the origin of an RNA synthetic apparatus is not
clear [18].
A high temperature origin of life (80o to 110oC) was
widely favoured because hyperthermophiles which grow at
temperatures between 80o and 110oC are claimed to be the
oldest organisms on the earth, although there are dissenting
opinions [19]. The atmospheric models depicting an early

warm (approximately 85o to 110oC) Earth support this theory.
Still higher temperature origin (350oC in submarine vents) was
also proposed. However, the instability of nucleobases
(adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine and thymine) at
temperatures much above 0oC would make them unlikely to
accumulate on the early Earth. Since these compounds are
essential for the formation of the first genetic material in the
pre-RNA and RNA world, a low-temperature origin of life and
atmospheric models suggesting a cool early earth (about 0oC)
rather than a warm one (around 85o to 110oC) can only be
considered, if origin of life involving these nucleobases is
assumed [19].
Many of the theories of origin of life including those
relating to the origin of the genetic code have been tested in
laboratory experiments on the assumption that the protocol
used in those experiments shall provide suitable proxy for a
prebiotic environment [20]. A pre-RNA world would have
come first, during which some substance, RNA-like polymer
carried out the genetic functions later taken over by RNA.
Although the hypothesis required the existence of a nucleotide
soup in which RNA molecules performed the catalytic
activities to assemble themselves, the experimental evidence
does not appear to support the existence of such a soup [21].
Metabolism-first model has also been challenged by Vasas et
al. [22]. They demonstrated that replication of compositional
information is so inaccurate that fitter compositional genomes
cannot be maintained by selection and, therefore, the system
cannot evolve. This fundamental limitation of ensemble
replicators goes against metabolism-first theories of origin of
life.
Another serious problem is explaining chirality. “To
date, none of the models have proposed a solution to one of the
more vexing origin problems: chirality. Three-dimensional
molecules such as sugars and amino acids can exist in two
mirror-image forms, like left and right hands (chiros means

hand in Greek). Any nonbiological synthesis of such
molecules, as would have occurred before life arose, produces
equal amounts of each type. Nonetheless, modern cells use
exclusively left-handed amino acids and right-handed ribose
sugars, and interference from the wrong kind shuts down
biological reactions. How could chiral life arise in the presence
of so much interference?” [2].
According to Freeman Dyson, the popular accounts of
the origin of life side step the issue of the origin of the complex
cooperative schema worked out between proteins and nucleic
acids – the controlled production of self-replicating catalytic
systems of biomolecules. Instead they focus on other hurdle,
i.e., producing amino acids and nucleotides, and getting them
to polymerase into proteins and nucleic acids (typically RNA).
All the scenarios that have been proposed for producing RNA
under plausible natural conditions lack experimental
demonstration and this includes the RNA world, clay crystals
and vesicle accounts. No one has been able to synthesize RNA
without the help of protein catalysts or nucleic acid templates,
and on top of this problem, there is the fragility of the RNA
molecule to contend with [23]. It seems very unlikely that
minerals played an important part in prebiotic chemistry, both
as simple adsorbents and as catalysts. It is also unlikely that a
single mineral would have functioned as a specific catalyst for
several unrelated reactions. Even if the members of a suite of
minerals could each catalyze one step in a complex cycle, it
does not seem likely that the cycle would self-organize on their
surfaces [24].
A common feature of all these theories is that they all
remain in the nonlife domain. Although none of these
proposals suggests how life originated, they do go by the name
„theory of origin of life‟! This will be made amply clear from
the following conclusions drawn from a study relating to origin
of life (italics added): “A CO-dominant atmosphere may have
existed when life originated. This atmosphere could have

produced a variety of bioorganic compounds with yields
comparable to those obtained from a strongly reducing
atmosphere. A small amount of CO2 could have allowed the
primitive Earth to freeze. This could mean that CO would have
been more stable in the atmosphere than previously thought
because of the reduced vapor pressure of water. Methane and
ammonia would have been also more stable and could have
contributed to the synthesis of bioorganic compounds. CO2 is
likely to have been present, but it might not have been
significantly involved in the synthesis of bioorganic
compounds.” [25]. The conclusions drawn from this study
exemplify the kind of information being spewed out from
research on origin of life.
Biologists only construct storylines to enhance the
credibility of the false assumption that life originated from
nonlife as emergent phenomenon through chance combination
of certain chemical compounds for which there is not even an
iota of evidence in nature or from laboratory experiments.
When we come down to the ultimate precursor molecule
required for the origin of life, it should be genome, the one that
encodes genetic program. Here again, experimental results do
not support the chemical origin of life. As we have already
seen (see chapter 9), the synthetic genome produced by Craig
Venter‟s team did not exhibit any sign of life. This is a clear
scientific verdict that life cannot originate from nonlife. No
wonder, despite several decades of studies on the origin of life
no solution is yet in sight. The failure of experiments to create
life chemically is also indication of the nonmaterial nature of
biological information.
Darwin’s theory of evolution
Although the phenomenon of life and the concept of
species are not understood in science, research has been going
on to explain how millions of living species appeared on Earth.
Biodiversity on Earth has been described in terms of

species. Organisms in reality present a mosaic of characters
with specific and overlapping non-specific characters.
Consequently all efforts made so far to categorize them into
coherent non-arbitrary groups or species with well-demarcated
boundaries have been unsuccessful. The problem of defining
„species‟ has been recognized since Linnean time. Karl von
Linne, a Swedish botanist and medical doctor known to
scientific world as Carolus Linnaeus, published the most
influential book in taxonomy “Systema Naturae” in 1735 in
which he outlined a scheme for classifying organisms
according to the degree of similarities. The levels of hierarchy
in Linnaeus classification are: Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-
Family-Genus-Species [26]. In this system, the species are
classified based on morphological and anatomical similarities.
The Linnaean system of classification is the most widely
accepted method in taxonomy and is very useful in studying
diverse organisms in the bioworld. It was not however meant to
suggest a species evolved from similar species.
The term „species‟ means different things to different
people. This leads to a very complicated situation in
evolutionary biology because species is the unit of evolution.
There are as many definitions of species as there are authors
who have written about them. Some of these are:
morphological species concept, biological species concept,
evolutionary species concept, recognition species concept,
cohesion species concept, phylogenetic species concept, Greek
species concept, tyological species concept, Darwin‟s species
concept, ecological species concept, phenetic species concept,
etc. [27]. According to Ernst Mayr, who introduced the
biological species concept, the species is the principal unit of
evolution and it is impossible to write about evolution, and
indeed about almost any aspect of the philosophy of biology,
without having a sound understanding of the meaning of
species [28]. With all the confusion and complexity existing in
the definition of species – the unit of biological evolution –
how is it possible to propose a theory on the origin of species?

That puts the theory of evolution in a quandary. What exactly
then the theory conveys by the term species? Mayr further
admits that “the conclusion that there are concrete describable
objects in nature which deserve to be called “species” is not
unanimously accepted. There has been a widespread view that
species are only arbitrary artifacts of the human mind, as some
nominalists, in particular, have claimed” [28]. It is an irony that
although a unifying concept of species could not be advanced
so far, the term “species” is being used by evolutionists
indiscriminately to suit one‟s idea. On this count, the term
“species” is no different from the term “gene”, which also
remains undefined. But then Darwin himself admits that
species is an arbitrary unit. See what Darwin says: “… I look at
the term species, as one arbitrarily given for the sake of
convenience to a set of individuals closely resembling each
other, and that it does not essentially differ from the term
variety, which is given to less distinct and more fluctuating
forms. The term variety, again, in comparison with mere
individual differences, is also applied arbitrarily, and for mere
convenience sake” [29, p. 46; emphasis added]. “No one
definition has as yet satisfied all naturalists; yet every naturalist
knows vaguely what he means when he speaks of a species”
[29, p. 39; emphasis added]. “Certainly no clear line of
demarcation has as yet been drawn between species and sub-
species that is, the form which in the opinion of some
naturalists come very near to, but do not quite arrive at the rank
of species; species also is a vague form, or again, between sub-
species and well marked varieties, or between lesser varieties
and individual differences.” [29, p. 45; emphasis added]. These
statements are indeed surprising as Darwin himself did not
know what he meant by the term „species‟. As rightly pointed
out by Graybeal, to try and divide all organisms into species
using one of today‟s concepts, is misguided because the
important characteristics used to define species, interbreeding
and descent, are only variably attained by groups of individuals

which one might call species [30].
Studies on the evolution of species got momentum
since the publication of Darwin‟s theory of evolution a century
and half ago. British naturalist Charles Darwin published the
book On The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection,
Or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
in 1859, which formed the foundation of theory of evolution
[29]. Darwin believed that species were mutable and could give
rise to newer forms if beneficial heritable variation occurred. In
this way new species evolved as descent with modification. He
assumed heritable variations occur in species by chance. He
further assumed there is severe competition between species
leading to struggle for existence. If a variation occurs in an
individual that helps it in some way to outcompete, that
individual survives and the variation is transmitted down to
future generations. In this way the variation gets preserved in
the population. He called this mechanism “natural selection”.
According to the theory, natural selection is a purposeless,
unconscious mechanism driven by chance whose result is
supposed to take geologic time for manifestation. Gradual
accumulation of small variations ultimately leads to speciation.
Thus every species evolved as descent with modification from
earlier species and the process of evolution will go on forever
creating newer and newer species.
Darwinism in the latter part of the 19th century faced an
alternative evolutionary theory known as neo-Lamarckism
[31]. This hypothesis shared with Lamarck‟s original theory
the importance of use and disuse in the development and
obliteration of organs, and it added the notion that environment
acts directly on organic structures, which explained their
adaptation to the ways of life and environments of each
organism. Adherents of this theory rejected natural selection as
an explanation for adaptation to the environment. In the
Netherlands, Hugo de Vries advanced a new evolutionary
theory known as mutationism which essentially did away with

natural selection as a major evolutionary process. [31].
Mutationists believe that the driving force of evolution is
mutation and not natural selection. “…the mutationist school
did not, of course, regard mutations as random. They thought
that the body had a built-in tendency to change in certain
directions rather than others, though they left open the question
of how the body „knew‟ what changes would be good for it in
future.” [32].
Mutationism was also opposed to by many naturalists
particularly biometricians like Briton Karl Pearson who
defended Darwinian natural selection as the major cause of
evolution [31]. The work of theoretical geneticists like R. A.
Fisher and J. B. Haldane in Britain and Sewall Wright in the
United States in this area contributed to the downfall of
mutationism. The biologists were slow starters to accept the
new developments particularly because of the involvement of
mathematics and omission of many issues such as speciation
that were of great importance to evolutionists. With the
advancement of a reasonably comprehensive account of the
evolutionary process by Theodosius Dobzhansky in his book
Genetics and the Origin of Species [33], the evolutionary
theory started being understood and appreciated as genetic
change in populations. This led to the development of the
“synthetic theory” which is not just one single hypothesis (or
theory) but a multidisciplinary body of knowledge cutting
across genetics, embryology, zoology, botany, paleontology,
and molecular biology. The “synthetic” epithet is now often
omitted and it is known as the Theory of Evolution. Th.
Dobzhansky, together with Ernst Mayr, Julian Huxley, the
paleontologist George G. Simpson, and the botanist George
Ledyard Stebbins are considered the architects of the synthetic
theory. [31]. The synthetic theory (modern synthesis) is also
referred to as neo-Darwinism. According to Futuyma, genetic
variations arise in population by random mutation and
recombination. Changes in gene frequency brought about by
random genetic drift, gene flow and natural selection lead to

the evolution of populations. Most adaptive genetic variants
have individually slight phenotypic effects so that phenotypic
changes are graded. Diversification occurs through separation
among populations which in turn results in reproductive
isolation among populations. These processes continued over
long periods give rise to changes of such great magnitude as to
warrant the designation of higher taxonomic levels (genera,
family, etc.) [34]. Compared to Darwinism the modern
synthesis gives more emphasis to random genetic drift than to
natural selection. It recognizes that genes are discrete entities
through which characteristics are inherited and the existence of
multiple alleles of a gene is responsible for variation within a
population. Speciation occurs as a consequence of gradual
accumulation of small genetic changes. In other words,
macroevolution is nothing but multiples of microevolutions.
According to the neutral theory of Motoo Kimura, the
vast majority of evolutionary changes are neutral or not
selective. The neutral theory of molecular evolution accepts
that, for any gene, a large proportion of all possible mutants are
harmful to their carriers; these mutants are eliminated or kept at
very low frequency by natural selection. The theory assumes,
however, that many functional mutants can occur at each locus
that are adaptively equivalent to one another. These mutants
are not subjective to selection relative to one another because
they do not affect the fitness of their carriers (nor do they
modify their morphological, physiological, or behavioural
properties). Evolution at the molecular level consists for the
most part of the gradual, random replacement of one allele by
another that is functionally equivalent to the first. The theory
assumes that favourable mutations occur, but are sufficiently
rare that they have little effect on the overall evolutionary rate
of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions [35, 36].
Although Darwin‟s theory has been widely publicized
as scientifically proven theory, the truth is that it has not been
even possible to defend the theory scientifically. Only a few

examples are given here. The only possible natural evidence
that would have swayed in favour of the theory is the fossil
record showing intermediate forms predicted by the theory.
Darwin stated: “…the number of intermediate and transitional
links between all living and extinct species, must have been
inconceivably great. But assuredly, if this theory be true, such
have lived upon this earth.” [29, p. 231]. “Lastly, looking not to
any one time, but to all time, if my theory be true, numberless
intermediate varieties, linking most closely all the species of
the same group together, must assuredly have existed; but the
very process of natural selection constantly tends, as has been
so often remarked, to exterminate the parent forms and the
intermediate links. Consequently evidence of their former
existence could be found only amongst fossil remains…” [29,
p. 149-150]. But the fossil record did not live up to Darwin‟s
expectations. It is barren for transitional forms. Darwin‟s
reaction to the absence of intermediate forms is: “Geology
assuredly does not reveal any such finely graduated organic
chain; and this, perhaps, is the most obvious and gravest
objection which can be urged against my theory. The
explanation lies, as I believe, in the extreme imperfection of the
geological record.” [29, p. 230]. By that remark, Darwin misled
the scientific community in two ways. Firstly, Darwin knew
even before he wrote the book that fossil record did not show
intermediate stages. Yet instead of developing the theory in
accordance with natural reality, Darwin developed the theory
against it describing the natural archive of biodiversity as
imperfect! Evidently there is no other way he could think of to
develop the theory. Darwin‟s verdict about the fossil record
literally galvanized the evolutionists. Some are putting their
best effort to prove fossil record is imperfect while others are
doing their level best to establish that the fossil record does
show intermediate forms as is evident from the occasional
reports of „discovery of transitional forms‟. These reports are
rather against Darwin‟s verdict about the fossil forms. Yet the
evolutionary biologists out of sheer despair want to do that.

Secondly, by the prediction of intermediate forms, Darwin
diverted the attention of scientists solely to the geological
record. It may be noted that the theory asserts that evolution is
a continuous process and therefore intermediate forms should
be present at all times. This means intermediate forms should
exist not only in the past, but also in the present as well as in
future populations. Here again Darwin‟s theory flopped. Out of
supposedly several million species, over two million species
have been recorded on Earth. None of them has been found to
be imperfect in its structure or function. There is not a single
extant organism that qualifies as intermediate form envisaged
by Darwin!
Darwin was also skeptical about the acceptance of his
own view of imperfection of geological record as is evident
from his statement: “He who rejects these views on the nature
of the geological record will rightly reject my whole theory.
For he may ask in vain where are the numberless transitional
links which must formerly have connected the closely allied or
representative species, found in the several stages of the same
great formation.” [29, p. 279-280]. To consider a natural
phenomenon (in this case, the fossil record) as imperfect for
the reason it does not agree with one‟s idea is something
unheard of and unthinkable in science. What Darwin did not
realize was by looking for evidence against Allah in His
creations, he was committing a big blunder! There are many
theories in physical and chemical sciences that yield
predictions to enable us to verify their veracity. But in the
event of failure of a prediction, no one would consider the
theory is correct and Nature wrong! If natural evidence goes
against the predictions of a theory, it is preposterous to defend
it by perfunctory arguments. No evolutionist would have
doubted the perfection of the fossil record if Darwin‟s theory
had not predicted transitional forms. In no other field of
science can one find such unethical move to deliberately
misinterpret natural formation in defense of a theory.
Another example of erroneous assumption is

competition between species, which is vital for evolution of
new species. Darwin assumes there is severe competition
between species leading to struggle for existence. “A struggle
for existence inevitably follows from the high rate at which all
organic beings tend to increase” [29, p. 55]. “Nothing is easier
than to admit in words the truth of universal struggle for life”
[29, p. 54]. Darwin‟s assumption that evolution of new
structures or innovations enables a species to outcompete the
others and that results in its survival is perhaps the most
misleading idea. Darwin‟s theory is a circular argument. The
theory implies that a species evolves with the ability to
outcompete others. If that were the case, evolution cannot take
place without interspecific competition. In other words,
competition among organisms should also be a product of
evolution. This means evolution only creates competition and
does not eliminate it. There is no rationale in the argument that
evolution takes place for enabling the species to overcome the
competition (for its survival) when completion has also to be
preserved in the resulting population by the very process of
evolution for its continuance.
Peter Kropotkin was a Russian revolutionary anarchist
and a critic of Darwinism. His views about evolution revolved
round cooperation and not competition. As a naturalist
studying the geology and zoology of eastern Russia, his
observation of the animal world taught him that living beings
coped with the harsh Siberian environment primarily through
cooperative behaviour. He categorically denied that evolution
resulted from struggle for life. Kropotkin could not accept
Thomas Huxley‟s (a staunch believer and protagonist of
Darwinism) „gladiatorial‟ Darwinism as valid: “They conceive
of the animal world as a world of perpetual struggle among
half-starved individuals, thirsting for one another‟s blood.”
Stephen Jay Gould devotes a full chapter in his book Bully for
Brontosarus presenting Kropotkin‟s views on biological
evolution based on cooperation in sharp contrast with
Darwinism based on competition [37]. Kropotkin‟s idea of

natural co-operation and Darwin‟s idea of fierce competition
are diametrically opposite views but both trying to explain the
same phenomenon.
Evidence is mounting against the theory. In his book,
Darwinism: The Refutation of a Myth, Soren Lovtrup,
professor of zoophysiology at Universityof Umea, Sweden,
points out a very important fact about the critics of Darwinism.
He states: “Some critics turned against Darwin‟s teachings for
religious reasons, but they were a minority; most of his
opponents…argued on a completely scientific basis.” He goes
on to explain many reasons for the rejection of Darwin‟s
proposal. “…first of all that many innovations cannot possibly
come into existence through accumulation of many small steps,
and even if they can, natural selection cannot accomplish it,
because incipient and intermediate stages are not
advantageous.” [38]. Lovtrup‟s remarks in effect clear the
misunderstanding that the theory is opposed only by religious
leaders. Many scientists have either rejected it or are skeptical
about it. There are several websites and books that argue either
in support of the theory or against it. The various aspects of the
theory and its scientific inadequacies have also been discussed
elsewhere [39]. Ever since the publication of Darwin‟s theory
more than 150 years ago, it has remained controversial. This is
very much expected as it is against the truth of creation
revealed by the Quran. The theory is downright denial of
Creator God. Darwinism challenged the religion, particularly
its theory of creation. As succinctly epitomized by Earnest
Haeckel, one of the expounders of the theory of evolution,
“Darwin‟s theory of evolution and natural selection
revolutionised biology. The implication of this postulated
struggle for existence seemed to undermine the basis of
religion…no miracle, no creation, no creator.” It is with this
„theory‟, the atheists promote the idea that living species
evolved by chance and wre not created!
Being an orthodox Christian during his teens, Charles

Darwin knew better than anyone else how his theory of origin
of new species threatened belief in God and religion. He called
himself “the Devil‟s Chaplain” and complained that by
publishing the theory he felt “like confessing a
murder.” [40]. He also described his theory as “the Devil‟s
gospel” [41]. He was also not fully convinced of his theory: “I
have hitherto sometimes spoken as if the variations so common
and multiform in organic beings under domestication, and in a
lesser degree in those in a state of nature had been due to
chance. This, of course, is a wholly incorrect expression…”
[29, p. 111, italics added]. Darwin wrote later in his another
book, The Descent of Man that: “I admit…that in the earlier
edition of my Origin of Species I probably attributed too much
to the action of natural descent of the survival of the fittest.”
[42]. “But then arises the doubt, can the mind of a man, which
has, as I fully believe, been developed from a mind as low as
that possessed by the lowest animals, be trusted when it draws
such grand conclusions? ....... Would anyone trust in the
convictions of a monkey's mind, if there are any convictions in
such a mind.” [43]. Charles Darwin stated his theory was
“grievously hypothetical”. Saying “The eye to this day gives
me a cold shudder”, Darwin couldn‟t possibly believe the eye
had evolved by natural selection. He openly admitted his own
doubts saying that “this seems, I freely confess, absurd in the
highest possible degree.” [44]. In a letter to Asa Gray, Harvard
biology professor, Charles Darwin wrote: “I am quite
conscious that my speculations run quite beyond the bounds of
true science.” [45]. Fourteen years after the publication of The
Origin of Species, Darwin wrote to a friend thus: “In fact the
belief in Natural Selection must at present be grounded entirely
on general considerations….When we descend to details, we
can prove that no one species has changed…nor can we prove
that the supposed changes are beneficial, which is the
groundwork of the theory. Nor can we explain why some
species have changed and others have not.” [46]. No wonder

the theory continues to remain controversial.
Evolutionary tree
Genomic similarity is considered as the indicator of
evolutionary relationship between organisms. Molecular tools
enable us to compare the genetic similarities through genome
analysis and to ascertain the genetic relationships among
species and their pedigrees [47]. The construction of a
phylogenetic tree is conceptually simple. The number of
differences between pairs of corresponding DNA sequences
from different organisms is taken to be some measure of the
“evolutionary distance” that separates them. Pair-wise
differences between the sequences of many organisms are used
to construct maps of the evolutionary paths that led to the
modern-day sequences [48]. Protein sequencing offers a tool
for establishing homologies from which genealogies leading to
the construction of phylogenetic tree can be arrived at.
Evolutionary biologists look at the universal tree of life
as being consisted of three domains: the ordinary bacteria, the
Archaea which are microbes best known for living in extreme
environments and the eukaryotes (eukarya) including man
having nucleated cells. From comparisons of the genes
encoding ribosomal RNAs of the microbes, they believed that
life began with some primitive bacteria. These then branched
into Archaea, modern bacteria and later to eukaryotes.
However comparisons of DNA sequences of other kinds of
genes had led to varied versions of the evolutionary tree
making the tree of life more confusing rather than more
focusing. “More genomes have only further blurred the
branching pattern of the tree of life. Some blame shanghaied
genes; others say the tree is wrong.” [49]. One reason attributed
to this „unexpected‟ finding is the lateral transfer of the genes.
According to Andre Goffeau, a geneticist at the Universite
Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, there is so much lateral
transfer that even the concept of the tree is debatable. The
genomes of modern microbes may be mosaics of genes from

different organisms rather than descendants of any single early
form of life suggesting thereby that not even the ribosomal
genes reflect evolutionary relationships [49]. Pennisi presented
an impressive cross section of the growing body of evidence
questioning the veracity of the evolutionary tree. In the case of
bacteria, lateral gene transfer has been considered to be so
widespread that it renders the concept of species among
bacteria meaningless and makes it impossible to construct an
evolutionary tree [49]. Daubin et al. also expressed similar
views [50]. Philippe and Forterre [51] demonstrated that the
phylogenies were highly confusing due to the combining
effects of gene duplication, gene loss, lateral gene transfer and
tree reconstruction artifact. Many alternative scenarios were
proposed with no obvious possibility to make a rational choice.
The results of a study of the patterns of a certain type of
genomic change, called transposon insertions, among 13
vertebrate species supported an earlier proposal of evolutionary
trees showing that primates (human, chimpanzee, baboon) are
more closely related to rodents (mouse, rat) than to carnivores
(cat, dog) or artiodactyls (cow, pig) [52]. This placement had
earlier triggered off a heated controversy in the field of
evolutionary genomics as the new sequence data refutes
alternative evolutionary tree that place rodents much farther
away from primates. The evolutionary tree constructed based
on genetic parameters is clearly a departure from the expected
morphological classification.
A particularly unexpected outcome of the studies in this
field is that structures traditionally viewed as being analogous
are regulated in their development by genes that are clearly
homologous. There is uncertainty among biologists in the
determination of homology. We must accept that homology is
usually a hypothesis about evolutionary history rather than a
deduced matter of fact [53]. More detailed discussion of these
subjects may be found elsewhere [54]. The difficulties and
ever-increasing inconsistencies observed with the phylogenetic
approach greatly mar its scientific merit. The available

information indicates that the diverse forms of life could not
have evolved from a common ancestor. There is no evidence
whatsoever to say that morphological, anatomical, embryonic
and genetic relationships among diverse forms of life are
indicators of descent with modification from a common
ancestral species. It is also argued that similar genomes should
result in similar phenotypes under identical environmental
conditions. However, nature provides clear proof that it is not
so. Polyphenisms observed in many insects (e.g., queen and
worker castes of ants, bees and wasps) are strong indicators of
the differential gene expression in spite of the similar genomes
[55]. These natural phenomena are evidence of the non-
correspondence of one genome-one phenotype concept and
question the very basis of determining phylogeny based on
genome analysis. No wonder Elizabeth Pennisi asked the most
relevant question “Is it time to uproot the tree of life?” [49].
Creation of biological species
Programmed evolution can be thought of as probable
mode of creation of living beings by Allah. A theory of
programmed evolution of biological species has been proposed
earlier in the light of certain Quranic hints and scientific facts
[56]. Human species is excluded from the ambit of this theory
because the Quran reveals that man was created by a special
process (Q. 15:28-29, see chapter 11). The theory of
programmed organic evolution is in no way comparable with
Darwin‟s theory. It is not based on the view that life originated
from nonlife as emergent phenomenon. The origin of species is
also not viewed as evolution from existing species as a result of
random mutations (supposed to be caused by the action of
certain agents external to the cell) followed by natural
selection. Instead, it explains the origin of species as creation
through programmed evolution based on divine biosoftware
carried in a primordial cell. The theory takes into account the
existence of molecular tools and systems for rearranging and
reorganizing chromosome sectors effectively changing the

bimeme composition (i.e., semantic content) and the fact that
these rearrangements are carried out as cell-directed (i.e.,
programmed) functions.
a) Ontogeny as model phenomenon
The phenomenon of ontogenetic development
(biosystem development) is the natural demonstration of
creation of an individual through programmed evolution.
In the case of human being, the zygote undergoes
mitotic division to form a ball of cells. Once there are 32 cells
(blastomeres), the developing baby is called a morula. With
further cell division, the morula becomes an outer shell of cells
with an attached inner group of cells. This stage is called
blastocyst stage. The inner cells become the embryo. These
cells of the embryonic stage multiply through repeated
divisions and initiate differentiation on time schedules
prescribed by the program. Differentiation implies
transformation of the cells from the more general to the
particular along a pre-determined direction. Thus a neuroblast,
which may be indistinguishable from another cell in the
beginning, would become increasingly different from the
others as the process of differentiation continues and eventually
becomes a nervous tissue. Embryo formation is completed in
about two months during which, almost all of the internal
organs are well laid down. From the third month onwards to
the end of gestation, the changes that occur in the foetus are
growth and further tissue differentiation. Ultimately, through
repeated mitotic division, morphogenesis and histogenesis, the
baby is formed which following birth develops into an adult.
The phenomenon of ontogenetic development
illustrates in effect step by step differentiation of the
biomemome carried in the zygote in accordance with the
instructions contained in the biomemome. It is therefore a cell-
directed phenomenon. The various stages are identified as
blastomere, blastocyst, etc. The process ultimately produces

specific number of end cells each with different set of operable
biomemes (operamemome) and inoperable or dormant
biomemes (Fig. 10.1). Each end cell undergoes further mitotic
divisions producing specific number of cells with identical
operamemomes. This mass of cells which are structurally and
functionally identical represents a tissue. Biologists consider
mitosis as a process of cell division that creates daughter cells
with identical genomes (i.e., genetic program). However this
notion has been proven wrong with the discovery of variations
in the genomes of different tissues [57]. The discovery is in
conformity with the biomemetic concept. The observed
structural and functional differences among tissues can be
attributed to differences in the operamemomes. The differences
cannot be explained based on the molecular gene concept.
Zygote Tissue 1 Tissue 2
Tissue 3 Tissue 4 Tissue 5
Fig. 10.1. Programmed evolution of end cells from the zygote during
ontogenetic development
Note: Unfilled circles indicate the operable biomemes that can come into
operation in the cell. Filled circles indicate dormant biomemes. The totality
of operamemes constitutes the operamemome of a cell.
A similar process can be thought of for the creation of
millions of diverse species by Allah. From the biomemetic
point of view, creation of species through programmed
evolution involves two steps namely, biogenesis (origin of
biological information) and programmed evolution of

microbioprograms of diverse species. Primary requirement of
the programmed evolution of species is the availability of a
source of biological information, without which biological
organisms cannot evolve. But this most important requirement
of biological evolution has been comfortably ignored by
biologists by supposing genetic mutation will bring new
information; but from where or from which source? This issue
remains unresolved and will remain so forever as it cannot be
addressed in science. The theory of programmed evolution of
species requires that a primordial cell or primordial biochip
(PBC) comparable with zygote carrying the divine bioprogram
should have appeared first on the Earth. This bioprogram
served as the biomeme pool (like the biomemome stored in the
zygote) for the creation of millions of end cells with diverse
microbioprograms. The origin of the PBC carrying the divine
bioprogram for the creation of diverse species is considered
here as biogenesis. Following that, the bioprogram came into
operation leading to the creation of millions of end cells (as
specified in the program) carrying diverse microbioprograms
each representing a species.
b) Biogenesis – origin of divine biological information
How did the PBC with the divine bioprogram to guide
the evolution of diverse species originate on the earth? There
are certain verses in the Quran that indicate how rooh
(biosoftware) is transmitted to Earth by Allah. The creation of
zygote in the womb of Mary carrying the biosoftware of
Prophet Jesus Christ is a case in point. The event is an
illustration of the divine mode of transmission of biosoftware
to Earth. Prophet Jesus was created from a Word (rooh) from
Allah.
‫ام ْك َوَوا َو ِكج ًنه ا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ام ْك َوُكاإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوايػُكَو ِّل ُك ِكؾا ِك َو ِك َو ٍء ِكامْكهُك ْك‬
‫ااْسُكهُكاااْك َو ُكحا َو اا ْك ُك َو‬
‫إ ْكذا َو اَوتاااْك َو َوَلئ َو ُكايَو َو‬
‫ِكٓتااا ُّ اْكػَو ا َو ْكاْل ِكخَوةِكا َو ِكم َو اااْك ُك َوقَّزِك َوا‬
3:45 Behold! The angels said: O Mary! Allah gives you glad
news of a Word from Him. His name will be Jesus Christ son
of Mary, held in honour in this world and in the Hereafter and
one of those nearest to Allah.
Allah‟s Word is divine software. The „Word‟ mentioned in the
above verse is the rooh (biosoftware) to create Prophet Jesus
Christ.
‫بام َو اإِك ِكذاااْكػ َوذت ِكام ا َو ِكه ام َو اًن ا َو ِكًّ افَو َّزَّت َوذت ِكام اد ِكِنِكم ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اح َوج ًن ا‬ ‫َو ْك ْك ُك ْك‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َواذْك ُكك ْك ِكآتاااْك َو َو ْك َو َوَو ْك ْك ْك َو َو‬
‫تا َوِكقًّ ا َو َوؿا‬ ‫اكْك َو‬‫تاإِك ِّلِّنا َو ُكوذُكا ِك اَّز ْك ٰىَو ِك ِكامْك َو اإِك ْكف ُك‬ ‫ااس ِكويًّ ا َو اَو ْك‬ ‫فَوأ ْكَور َوس ْكَو اإِكاَوْكػ َوه ُكار َوحَو افَوػَو َو ثَّز َو َو‬
‫اَلَو ا َو َو ًن َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫إِكَّزٔمَو ا َواَو ارس ُك ِك ِك‬
‫مْك َو ْك ِك ا َو َو ٌ ا َو َوَلْكا‬ٙ‫وف ِكاِلا ُك َوَل ٌـا َو َوَلْك َوا‬
‫َوَّنايَو ُك ُك‬
‫تا َّزٰى‬ ‫بااَو ِك ا ُك َوَل ًنم َوازكًّ ا َو اَو ْك‬‫وؿ َوارِّل اْلَو َو َو‬ ‫َو ُك‬
‫اك َوذا ا َو َوؿ َوارُّ ا ُك َووا َو َو َّز ا َو ِّل ٌ ا ۖ ا َو اَو ْكج َوعَوهُكاآيَو ًناا َّز ِكسا َو َور ْك َو ًنامَّز ا ۚ ا َو َوك َوفا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬ ‫ُكَوؾا َوغِكًّ ا َو َوؿ َو‬
‫لًّ اا‬ ‫ضًّ افَوح َوْكهافَو اْكػَو َوذتا ِكِكهام َو اًن ا َو ِك‬ ‫َوم اام ْكق ِك‬
‫َو َو ُك َو ْك َو‬ ‫ْك ًن َو‬
19:16-22 And remember Mary in this Book (the Quran) when
she retreated from her family to a place in the east. She placed
a screen (to separate herself) from them. Then We sent to her
Our rooh and he (i.e., the angel) appeared to her as man in all
respects. She said: “I seek refuge in Most Gracious (Allah)
from you (i.e., the angel in human male form), if you fear
Allah.” He (i.e., the angel in human male form) said: “Indeed I
am only a messenger from your Lord to gift to you a pure son.”
She said: “How can I have a son as no man has (ever) touched
me and I have not been an unchaste (woman)?” He (i.e., the
angel in human male form) said: “It is like that. Your Lord
says, “It is a simple thing for Me and (We wish) to make him
(i.e., her son Jesus) a sign to mankind and a Mercy from Us.” It
is a matter ordained.” So she conceived him (i.e., her son
Jesus) and she retired with him to a remote place.
66:12 And Mary the daughter of Imran, who guarded her
genital organ; and We breathed into it (i.e., her genital organ)
from Our rooh; and she testified to the truth of the Words of
her Lord and of His Revelations, and was one of the devout
(servants).
These verses indicate that it is from the rooh Allah sent with an
angel (messenger) into Mary‟s genital organ, Prophet Jesus
Christ was created (see chapter 9 for a detailed discussion of
rooh). Evidently, the biosoftware (rooh) transmitted by the
angel materialized as a cell (zygote) carrying the biosoftware,
which then developed into Prophet Jesus Christ. The entire
phenomenon can be scientifically described as teleportation
event in which intangible (ghayb) biological information
transmitted by God transformed into visible (shahdat) form,
the zygote carrying the biosoftware (of Prophet Jesus Christ),
in the genital tract of Mary.
Teleportation involves what is called “quantum
entanglement”, a less understood concept of entwining two or
more particles without physical contact. In 2004, physicists in
Austria [58] and in the US [59] independently demonstrated
quantum teleportation with atoms. In 2006, Eugene Polzik and
his team at the University of Aarhus in Denmark, successfully
conducted a teleportation experiment involving a microscopic
atomic object containing thousands of billions of atoms [60].
They teleported the information to a distance of half a metre.
For the first time, it involved teleportation between light and
matter, two different objects. The creation of a zygote cell in
Mary‟s genital organ from the divine rooh transmitted into it
can be likened to teleportation phenomenon.
The PBC or the first cell with divine biological program
necessary for the creation of millions of species would have
been formed on Earth in the same way as the creation of zygote
in Mary‟s womb from the rooh (biological information) sent by
Allah. The appearance of the PBC on Earth thus marked
biogenesis – origin of life or more correctly appearance of
biological information – on this planet. The arrival of the
divine bioprogram is the landmark event that provided the
source of biological information vital for the evolution of

diverse species. That was the defining moment of the bioworld
on this planet. Life did not (and could not) jump-start from
nonlife based on chemical principles through a hypothetical
emergent phenomenon as is believed and propagated by the
scientific community with no proof whatsoever for such
phenomenon. Life appeared only when the biological
information (the divine bioprogram) was made available on the
earth by Allah. It was a one-time event.
The Quran further reveals that Allah created everything
from water (Q. 21:30; 24:45).
believe then?
‫ِك‬ ‫مْك ِك ا َو َو ٰى ِك‬ٙ‫ام ْك َوا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اك َّزادا َّزٍء ِكام ٍء ِك‬
‫ار ْكجَو ْك ِك ا َو مْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬
‫ام ْك ا‬ ‫مْك ا َو َو ٰى ا َوطْك ها َو مْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬ٙ‫ام ْك َوا‬ ‫ام ا ۖ افَو ْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬ ‫اخَو َوق ُك َو ْك َو‬ ‫َوااَّزهُك َو‬
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا َو ِك يٌا‬
‫ام ايَو َو ُكا ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو َو ٰى ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫مْك ا َو َو ٰى ا ْكَورَو ٍءعا ۚ ا٘مَوْكُك ُكقاااَّزهُك َو‬ٙ‫َو‬
24:45 And Allah created every organism from water. Among
them are those that move on their bellies, those that walk on
two legs and those that walk on four (legs). Allah creates what
He pleases. Verily, Allah has power over all things.
In the light of these Quranic revelations it is justifiable to
assume that the PBC would have been formed in an aqueous
milieu (like that of womb). There are no two opinions among
biologists as to the most probable location for the origin of life;
it is water. Alfred Russel Wallace emphasized at the beginning
of the twentieth century that the first requirement for life is
liquid water; without it, as far as we know, life is impossible
[61]. In a discussion of the origin of life, George Wald
concluded that life arose in the sea: “Here were the necessary
salts and water. The latter is not only the principal component
of organism, but prior to the formation provided a medium

which could dissolve molecules of the widest variety and
ceaselessly mix and circulate them” [62].
The essentiality of an aqueous milieu has been
recognized in science only for the origin of life but not for the
subsequent evolution of diverse organisms. The Quran differs
in this respect and asserts that all the biospecies on the earth
arose from water (Q. 21:30). It also explicitly states about the
creation of animals from water (Q. 24:45). The divine
statements apply to all living beings from unicellular organisms
like bacteria to multicellular organisms like plants and animals
but not human species as it is clearly stated that the first human
being Adam was created by Allah from clay through a special
process (Q. 15:28-29).
c) Programmed evolution of biological species from PBC
The organic evolution might have got off from a single
cell as is generally believed. But, contrary to the current belief,
the first cell formed on this planet could not have been a
species but a cell (PBC), which carried the divine bioprogram
(rooh) necessary for the evolution of the innumerable diverse
species. Woese [63] proposed the “universal ancestor” concept
to look at the rooting of the evolutionary tree. The ancestor
according to this model, could not have been a particular
organism, a single organismal lineage. It was communal, a
loosely knit, diverse conglomeration of primitive cells that
evolved as a unit, and it eventually developed to a stage where
it broke into several distinct communities, which in turn
became the three primary lines of descent. The primary lines,
however, were not conventional lineages. Each represented a
progressive consolidation of the corresponding community into
a smaller number of more complex cell types, which ultimately
developed into the ancestor(s) of that organismal domain. The
concept of PBC comes very close to the “universal ancestor”
concept.
It may be noted that the PBC which started the organic

evolution is the counterpart of the big bang singularity
(abiogenesis or origin of the chemical information) that started
the inorganic evolution, and zygote (carrying biomemome) that
started the development of a human individual in the mother‟s
womb. The PBC with a built-in program as the driving force
can explain the phenomenon of evolution of biospecies
consistent with natural evidence.
Let us now examine the probable biomemetic pathway
on the lines of ontogeny through which the PBC could have
produced millions of microbioprograms each representing a
species (Fig. 10.2). For convenience in illustration, the
taxonomic classification system is taken as example. The
execution of the bioprogram carried in the PBC might have
initially produced mother cells representing evolutionary
lineages (domains of life). As per the modern phylogenetic
classification, there are three domains namely, Bacteria,
Archaea (microbes living in extreme environments) and
Eukarya (or sometimes termed Eukaryota) [64]. Each of the
domain mother cells produced kingdom mother cells. For
example, the three kingdoms – animals, plants and fungi – are
just three of about a dozen extant major branches of the
eukaryote domain [31]. Each of these mother cells might have
undergone further differentiation of the biosoftware in
successive steps creating different lineages in accordance with
the program to produce ultimately specified number of end
cells under a kingdom. Each end cell carried the
microbioprogram of a species, which served as the source of
biological information for the creation of intraspecific variation
among its members. In this way, programmed evolution of
species can be broadly understood.
The number of steps indicated in the biosoftware
differentiation process (Fig. 10.2) discussed above is only
arbitrary and is intended to explain the process. The number of
steps through which the differentiation process might have

taken place would be as specified in the program.
PBC Bioprogram
differentiation
Eukarya
Bacteria Archae Animal

kingdom
Plant Phylum
kingdom mother
cells
(Phylu
m)
Stepwise
differentiation
of bioprogram
in each mother
cell continues
End cells each carrying

microbioprogram of a
species under the phylum
Fig. 10.2. Creation of microbioprograms of diverse species from a common

biomeme pool through programmed biosoftware differentiation
PBC – Primordial biochip. Note that the number of differentiation steps,
number of mother cells, number of end cells shown are arbitrary.
With the production of the end cells the programmed

evolution of biological species is essentially complete. Going
by the Quranic revelation (Q. 21:30; 24:45 quoted above), the
entire process from the origin of PBC to the programmed
evolution of end cells carrying the microbioprograms of
millions of species would have occurred in an aqueous milieu
(like the womb). It would not have required so much space or
quantity of water. Nor would it have taken a long time either, if
the speed with which natural biosoftware engineering
processes and cell division occur is any indication. The end
cells produced by the animal mother cell might have been in
the form of eggs while those originated from the other mother
cells might have been in the form of single cells, spores, seeds,
etc. Whatever form in which they emerged, these cells might
have been dispersed over the water and land areas by natural
processes resulting in their widespread distribution on the
earth. The development of the first individuals from the end
cells representing species might have taken place on different
time schedules as programmed. The event marked the
appearance of the respective species on Earth. It is this
sequence that is reflected in the fossil record. Depending on the
species, sexually dimorphic, polymorphic, asexual and other
forms of individuals would have developed from the end cells,
which through further multiplication increased their population
and perpetuated their species.
Biomemetics thus distinguishes species based on their
microbioprograms, individuals based on their biomemomes,
and tissues based on their operamemomes.
The theory of programmed evolution proposed here
differs in several respects from the traditional theories of origin
of life and biological evolution based on Darwinism. These are:
 Life did not originate as emergent phenomenon from
non-living substances.
 The first cell formed on Earth was not an organism but

a cell carrying the divine bioprogram necessary to
create the diverse species specified in it.
 The divine bioprogram, the source of biological
information on this planet, was the driving force behind
organic evolution.
 Creation of diverse species is creation of diverse
biomemome packages (microbioprograms) from a
common biomeme pool (the bioprogram) through
biosoftware engineering processes.
 The organisms that developed from the
microbioprograms were in perfect forms. There were no
intermediate forms between any two species.
 Programmed evolution does not assume a common
ancestor organism for all the species.
 Programmed evolution is a deterministic phenomenon.
The species created are in accordance with the divine
biosoftware to suit the multifarious purposes for which
they are created by Allah on Earth, the human robot
testing laboratory.
The proposed theory of programmed evolution of
species driven by divine bioprogram is fully supported by
natural evidences and experimental findings as given below.
a) Programmed evolution does not predict intermediate stages
to create fully developed organism. It is creation in one go
through a programmed evolutionary process. Therefore the
theory is consistent with the lack of intermediate or transitional
forms in the fossil record.
b) Geological records indicate sudden appearance of new
species punctuated by long periods of stasis (Punctuated
Equilibrium). Darwin‟s theory fails to explain this natural
evidence of appearance of full-fledged species. The proposed
theory of programmed evolution, however, allows such pattern

in the appearance of species on Earth. According to Douglas
Futuyma, a prominent evolutionary biologist, “Organisms
either appeared fully developed or they did not. If they did not,
they must have developed from preexisting species by some
process of modification. If they did appear in a fully developed
state, they must indeed have been created by some omnipotent
intelligence.” [65].
c) Almost all groups at all taxonomic levels first appear in the
fossil record as „type‟ forms, and then „explode‟ into a large
number of diverse lineages with a mix of related but not
identical potentials [66, 67, 68]. This pattern is suggestive of
partitioning of a very large common bioinformation pool with a
large number of alternate morphological potentials. But no
known mechanism is so far available for generating such
information-dense primordial source. According to Grasse,
evolving species acquire a new store of genetic information
through “a phenomenon whose equivalent cannot be seen in
the creatures living at the present time (either because it is not
there or because we are unable to see it)” [69]. These
observations are fully consistent with the proposed theory of
programmed evolution because it recognizes the intangible
divine bioprogram stored in the PBC as the source of biological
information and the driving force behind the evolution of
species.
d) Insofar as chromosomes form the storage device of the cell
(biochip) and the bioprogram is stored as biomemes in
different sectors of the chromosomes of the PBC,
microbioprograms specific to different species can be created
from the parent source through natural biosoftware engineering
mechanisms followed by cell division to assemble and
reorganize the resulting biomemetic packages into viable sets
of instructions on the chromosomes in a programmed manner.
In this way „new‟ biosoftware (microbioprogram) can be
created. This aspect is the most important and unique feature of
the theory of programmed evolution as it describes how new

biosoftware can be created from an original biomeme pool
through natural biosoftware engineering processes. The current
scientific theories are silent about the source of biological
information. Further, biologists consider phenomena like
crossing over (recombination), chromosomal aberrations, etc.,
which create new chromosome compositions and hence
bioinformation content, not as programmed mechanisms but as
random phenomena, errors and mistakes.
e) The theory of programmed organic evolution based on the
differentiation of an original bioprogram and reorganisation of
biomemes into viable sets of millions of microbioprograms
predicts extensive mixing of chromosomal regions and the
possibility of finding identical program bits in the
microbioprograms of the species. Physically these program bits
will be represented by identical chromosomal sectors, which
store them. Since DNA is part of the chromosomal material,
the existence of identical sequences in the genomes of different
species is a reflection of the existence of identical
chromosomal sectors in them. This can be taken as
confirmatory proof of the biosoftware engineering processes
that occurred during the programmed evolution of
microbioprograms from the original biomeme pool in the PBC.
Studies relating to molecular evolution provide considerable
evidence of chromosome rearrangement, shuffling,
reorganisation, etc., during the evolution of species. These
findings support the proposed theory of programmed evolution.
Little wonder Philippe and Forterre [51] found the phylogenies
as highly confusing due to the combining effects of gene
duplication, gene loss, lateral gene transfer, etc. Experimental
evidence for the occurrence of biosoftware engineering
processes can also be obtained from several studies in
comparative genomics. Wide variations are observed in
karyotypes (number, size and shape of chromosomes in a
somatic cell) of organisms. Comparison of karyotypes within
and between species reveals that the differences are due to
chromosome rearrangements. These rearrangements had played

a major role in organic evolution [70]. Cases of genes in the
same phylogenetic clade occurring in different chromosomal
regions and genes belonging to distantly related phylogenetic
clades occurring very closely in a chromosomal region are
quite common [71]. These observations were explained as the
result of several chromosomal rearrangements occurred at the
regions of these genes and the shuffling of genes (physically
chromosomal regions) contained in different genomic clusters.
Further it is now well recognized that horizontal gene transfer
(or lateral gene transfer) had taken place during evolution. The
horizontal gene transfer is a prediction of the proposed theory
of programmed evolution involving natural biosoftware
engineering processes. The phenomenon of horizontal gene
transfer goes against the vertical evolutionary pathway implied
in the Darwinian model. It is the non-genealogical transmission
of genetic material from one organism to another [72]. There
are now several attempts to find explanation for this
phenomenon and fit it in the Darwin‟s theory of evolution [73]
but to no avail. All these findings do support creation of
biological species on this planet through programmed
evolution.
Biomemetic classification of species
Since an organism is natural biocomputer or biorobot, it
has biosoftware and an ensemble of appropriate hardware
capable of executing the program. The hardware (cell
structures) are produced based on the biosoftware. The
biosoftware at the level of species is referred to as
microbioprogram. The computer concept permits us to classify
the species based on their biosoftware and system
configuration. Biological species may be broadly grouped into
the following classes.
Biochip: Species comprising unicellular organisms like
bacteria, amoebae, etc., are examples of this category. These
biosystems are characterised by a single biochip. The
microbioprogram and the hardware required to execute the

program are carried in that single biochip. The system memory
stores the microbioprogram. The biosystem has only limited
number of functions to perform and is totally „unconscious‟ in
its activities.
Multiple-biochipped decentralized biosystem: The
multicellular plant species are included in this category. The
Class-2 biosystems are unconscious systems like the Class-1
systems. They also function based on the microbioprogram
stored in the cell memory (the chromosome). The system does
not have a central processing unit.
Multiple-biochipped centrally controlled unconscious
biosystem: These include the animal species. Their internal
functioning as well as external activities are fully controlled by
a central processing unit (CPU) located in their brains. An
animal system carries out both internal and external activities
in response to stimuli transmitted through sensory organs. The
internal activities are the house-keeping biological activities
occurring inside the biosystem that are responsible for the
moment-to-moment existence and sustenance of the biosystem.
For example, the activities of cardiovascular system, digestive
system (energy generation), nervous system (communication
network and control), reproductive system, etc., are internal
activities. On the other hand, tasks such as movement from one
place to another, etc., are externally executed activities. The
CPU controls both internal functions and external activities in
accordance with the microbioprogram. The system is
unconscious of its existence (see chapter 11).
Multiple-biochipped conscious free-willed biosystem: This
special class of biosystem comprises only one species, Homo
sapiens. In addition to CPU, human biosystem has another
processor, the mind (qalb), bestowed freewill,consciousness
and intelligence (see chapter 11). The presence of mind
distinguishes human species from the rest of the species.
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11. MAN – ALLAH’S INTELLIGENT,

CONSCIOUS AND FREE-WILLED ROBOT
Man is a new phenomenon in the history of planet Earth
bringing to the world thought, language, social relations and
civilizations, and exerting an active influence on nature.
Human race thus stands out from the rest of several millions of
living species. Being the only species bestowed with
intelligence, consciousness and freewill, man alone is capable
of appreciating the world around him. No other species can.
Evolutionists assume man originated by chance in
continuation of the evolution of animal species. Chimpanzee is
supposed to be the closest animal ancestor of man. Since the
current taxonomy of biological species gives more weight to
comparative anatomy, Homo sapiens is included as a member
of genus Homo, of subfamily Homininae, of family
Hominidae, of order Primata, of class Mammalia, of
subphylum Vertebrata, of phylum Chordata, of kingdom
Animalia. Controversies do exist regarding the validity of the
placement of human species in animal kingdom. As early as
1864, Armand Quatrefages de Breau, the famous French
anthropologist, had expressed strong views against this
placement [1]. Quatrefages singled out man in a special,
independent kingdom. He gave more importance to such
criteria as language, conscious activity and social life than to
anatomy.
Creation of human species

Holy Quran describes the creation of Adam, the first
member of human species, as a single step process and not
through evolution from an existing animal species. Allah
created first the male member, Adam. He was created from
clay (Q. 15:28-29). The location of creation of Adam appears
to be God‟s abode in the presence of angels as can be inferred
from verse 2:30. After moulding clay into human shape, God
breathed into it from His rooh to create Adam.
‫َوَت َوع ُكاف َوه َو‬
‫ْك‬ ‫اج ِك ٌ ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك َو‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وف‬ ‫ِّلسااَو َو ا ۖ ا َو َوؿاإ ِّلِّنا َو ْك َو ُكم َو‬
‫ام َواَلا َوػ ْكعَو ُك َوا‬ ‫ِّلم َوا َو َوْكْم ُك ااُك َو ِّل ُكحاِبَو ْك َوؾا َو اػُك َوق ُك‬
2:30 Behold! Your Lord said to the angels: I am going to
create a vicegerent on earth. They said: Will You place therein
one who will make mischief therein and shed blood while we
do chant Your praises and glorify Your holiness? He (Allah)
said: I know what you do not know.
‫تا‬ ‫ٍء ِك‬ ‫اص ْك َو ٍء ِك ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫إِك ْكذا َو َوؿارُّ ااِكْك َوَلئِك َو ِكاإِك ِّلِّن ِك‬
‫ااس َّزويْكػُكهُكا َو اػَو َوف ْكخ ُك‬
‫ام ْك ُكوفافَوإ َوذ َو‬
‫ل ؿام ْك ا َوَوإ َو‬ ‫اخ ا ٌقا َو َو ًناام ْك َو‬
‫َو‬ ‫َو َو َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫اس ج ي َو اا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ف هام ْك ُكار ح افَوػ َوق ُكعواااَوهُك َو‬
15:28-29 Behold! Your Lord said to the angels: I am about to
create a man from sounding clay (made) from sticky mud.
When I have fashioned him and breathed into him from My
rooh, you fall down in obeisance to him.
Based on the computer model of biological organism, the
phrase, “breathed into it (clay mould) from My rooh” can be
interpreted as the process of installing the biosoftware of
human species in the clay model to transform it into a living
human individual. The word rooh used in this context refers to
biological software (see chapter 9). The Quran further reveals
that the first female member (Eve) was created from Adam‟s
nafs (the rooh breathed into the clay model) and from them, the
entire humanity (Q. 4:1, 39:6).
4:1 O mankind! Fear your Lord who created you from a single
soul (nafs) and from that, He created its mate, and from them

watching you.
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوع ِكـ َواْثَو اِكَو َوا ْكَوزَو ٍءاجا ۚ ا‬
‫اج َوع َو ِكامْكػ َوه َوازْك َوج َوه ا َو َواْكػَو َوؿااَو ُك ْكم ِكام َو ْك‬ ‫اح َو ةٍء ُك‬
‫سا ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوخَو َوق ُك ْكمام ْك ااػَو ْكف ٍء َو‬
‫ثا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك ُك ُكماااَّزهُك َوارُّ ُك ْكمااَوهُكا‬ ‫تاثَوَوَل ٍء‬‫وفا َّزُكمه ِك ُك ماخ ْك ًنق ِكام ا ػع ِكاخ ْك ٍءق ِكآتاظُكُك ٍء‬
‫َو‬ ‫ْك َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو٘مْكُك ُكق ُك ْكم ِكآتا ُكطُك َو ْك َو‬
‫لَوفُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ااْك ُك ْك ُك ا ۖ َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َووا ۖ افَوأ َّزٰى‬
‫َوَّنا ُك ْك‬
39:6 He created you (all) from a single soul; then He created
from it its mate; and he sent down from the cattle eight pairs;
He develops you in your mothers‟ wombs in stages one after
another in three veils of darkness. That is Allah – your Lord; to
Him belongs (all) dominion. There is no God but He; then how
do you get misled (from the truth)?
These verses indicate a very important fact about humanity. It
is from a single bioprogram (i.e., the nafs of Adam) the entire
humanity with individuals varying widely in their physical and
mental capabilities is created. In other words, Adam‟s nafs
serves as the common memetic pool or the source of biological
information required for creating billions of human beings
varying widely in their characteristics. Adam‟s nafs can
therefore be considered as the microbioprogram of human
species. It is the Quran that reveals to us the source of
biological information required to create huge variability in
human population. The issue is beyond the scope of science.
Since it was from Adam‟s nafs, the female member
(Eve) was created, it can be inferred that the male biosoftware
carries information needed to create female also. In reality this
is reflected in the chromosome composition of male and female
sexes. The message conveyed through verses 4:1 and 39:6
therefore permits us to determine the karyotype of Eve in
relation to Adam. The human biosoftware is stored on 23 pairs
of chromosomes of which 22 pairs are autosomes and one pair
sex chromosomes. Female member has two X chromosomes
whereas the male has one X chromosome and one Y
chromosome as sex chromosomes indicating that biological
information relating to female characteristics is stored on X

chromosome and that relating to male is stored on Y
chromosome. Thus XX combination determines the femaleness
and XY combination determines the maleness. This also shows
that only male member has the full complement of
chromosomes of the species. Thus the nafs of Adam which
forms the microbioprogram of human species (i.e., the source
of biological information of mankind) is stored on 22 pairs of
autosomes and one pair of X and Y chromosomes. Adam‟s
karyotype may be designated as (22 autosome pairs)A plus (one
XY pair)A, where subscript A stands for Adam. Since it was
from Adam‟s nafs Eve was created, the karyotype of Eve can
be written as (22 autosome pairs)A plus XAXA. It is from this
human couple, generations of mankind arose and spread as
different communities worldwide.
Human robot system
In the Quran Allah describes man as His robot. Allah
created man to serve Him. Man is addressed by Allah as “abd”
meaning servant or robot.
‫ساإِكَّزَلااِكَوػ ْكعُك ُك ِكفا‬ ‫ت ْكِك ِك‬
‫ااْل َّز ا َو ْكاْلاْك َو‬ ‫اخَو ْكق ُك‬
51:56 I created jinn and man only to serve Me.
Human biosystem is endowed with unique features to
enable man to serve Allah. These are mind, memory, faculties
of seeing and hearing, ability to read and write, etc. Through
several verses in the Quran Allah gives a good account of these
attributes of human robot system, which distinguish man from
the rest of His creations. All these features, as we shall see,
agree well with the divine purpose of creating man and also
justify the need to test human robots before deploying them as
His servants.
a) Qalb (Mind) – the conscious free-willed processor
The part of human biosystem that is bestowed with
discretionary freedom or freewill is qalb. The word qalb (pl.
quloob) used in the Quran means mind. The various features of

human mind are also dealt in sufficient detail in the Quran.
These are discussed below. From these revelations and based
on the computer model of human being, the qalb is described
here as the freewilled, intelligent and conscious processor of
human biosystem. It is the only component in the whole
universe that is bestowed with the freedom to act on its will.
Human mind acts as input port: Human mind acts as an input
port for divine messages transmitted by special rooh (Jibreel)
to prophets (see also chapters 15 and 16). Satan also puts evil
suggestions onto the mind of man.
‫ام َو‬ ‫ام ْك َو‬‫ُك ْك َو‬
‫َو ُك ْك َو ٰى ااِكْك ُك ْك ِكمِك َوا‬
2:97 Say (O Muhammad!): Whoever is an enemy of Jibreel,
(let him understand) that certainly it was that (Jibreel) which
transmitted the (revelation) onto your mind by Allah‟s order
confirming the (revelations) that came before it and as
guidance and glad tidings to the believers.
‫وف ِكام َو اااْك ُك ْك ِكذ ِكري َو اا‬
‫ااْل ِكَوم ُك ا َو َو ٰى ا َوػ ْكِك َو ااِكَو ُك َو‬
‫باااْك َوع اَو ِك َو ااػَوَو َوؿا ِكِكهاااُّ ُكح ْك‬
‫َو إِكاَّزهُكااَوَوػْك ِكي ُك َوار ِّل‬
26:192-194 Verily this (the Quran) is a revelation from the
Lord of the worlds. The Rooh-ul-Ameen (Jibreel) descended
with it onto your (Prophet Muhammad‟s) mind to make you
one of the warners.
‫ااَتَوَّز ٰىَنا َواْك َوق ااا َّز ْكطَو ُكف ِكآتا ْكُكمِكَّزِك ِكهافَوػَوػْك َو ُكخاااَّزهُكا‬
‫ِباإِكَّزَلاإِك َوذ َو‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
ٍّ ‫َو َوم ا ْكَور َوس ْكَو ام ْك ا َوػْك َو ام ْك َوار ُكسوؿا َوَوَلااَوِك‬
‫اح ِك ٌام‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫اّتَّز ُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اٗم ُكماااَّزهُكاآيَو ها ۗ ا َوااَّزهُكا َو ٌم َو‬ ‫َوم ايػُكْكق ااا َّز ْكطَو ُكف ُك ْك‬
22:52 Never did We send before you (Prophet Muhammad)
an apostle or a prophet but when he recited (a revelation), the
Satan would put (evil suggestion) into what he recited. But
Allah removes what the Satan put in, then Allah establishes His
revelations. And Allah is All-Knowing, Wise.
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ااْلَّز َوافَو ُك َوَل ِكام اح ُك ِك‬

‫ثا ْكئُك َو ا َوَوَلا َوػ ْكقَوَو ا ٰىَو ذهااا َو‬
‫َّزجَوَوةافَوػَو ُك واَو ا‬ ‫ْك َو ْك‬ ‫تا َو َوزْك ُكج َو ْكَو‬ ‫ااس ُك ْك ا َواْك َو‬‫اآد ُكـ ْك‬‫َو يَو َو‬
‫ام ا‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اَلُك َو ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك َّز ِك ِك‬
‫اس ْكوآِت َو ا َو َو َوؿ َو‬ ‫يا َوْكػ ُكه َو ام ْك َو‬ ‫ام ا ُك ر َو‬ ‫ي َو َو‬
‫اَلُكَو ااا َّز ْكطَو ُكفااُكْك َو‬ ‫س َو‬ ‫م َو اااظ ا َو افَوػ َوو ْكس َوو َو‬
‫ااْلَو اِك ِكي َو ا َو َو َوْسَو ُكه َو ا‬
‫امَو َو ْك ِك ا َوْك ا َو ُك واَو ِكام َو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َّزجَوةِكاإَّزَلا ْكَوفا َو ُك واَو َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫اػَو َوه ُكك َو َوارُّ ُك َو ا َو ْك ا ٰىَو ذهااا َو‬
‫إِك ِّلِّنااَو ُك َو ااَو ِك َو اااَّز ِكص ِكح َو اا‬
7:19-21 (Allah said): O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in the
garden and eat from it as you wish but do not approach this
Tree, then you will become transgressors. Then Satan began to
whisper suggestions to them in order to expose to them their
nudity which was hidden from them. It (Satan) said: Your Lord
forbade you this Tree lest you should become angels or
immortals. And to both of them he swore: I am indeed one of
the sincere well-wishers of you both.
Mind is conscious, intelligent and free-willed processor: It is
involved in thinking, understanding, learning, etc. (Q. 7:179,
22:46, 47:24, 47:29, 59:14). All these are conscious
information processing phenomena in one way or the other.
Allah has also given human mind the liberty to take decision
and act on its own (Q. 17:84, 76:3, 50:37).
‫وف ِكاِبَو ا َو َوَلُك ْكما َو ْك ُك ٌ َواَلا‬
‫وب َواَلايػَو ْكف َوق ُكه َو‬ ‫سا ۖ َو‬
ٌ ‫اَلُك ْكما ُكػُك‬ ‫اْلاْك ِك‬‫ااْلِك ِّل ا َو ْكِك‬ ‫اكثِك ِك‬
‫اام َو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو اَو َوق ْك اذَو َورْكاَو اْلَو َوه َو‬
‫َّزم َو ًن‬
‫َوض ُّا ۚ ا ُك ٰىاَوئِك َو ا ُك ُكما‬ ‫وف ِكاِبَو ا ۚ ا ُك ٰىاَوئِك َو َو‬
‫اك ْكْلَواْكػ َوع ِكـا َو ْك ا ُك ْكما َو‬ ‫لُك َوف ِكاِبَو ا َو َوَلُك ْكماآذَوا ٌف َواَلايَو ْك َو ُكع َو‬‫يػ ِك‬
‫ُكْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ااْكغَو فُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
7:179 We have made many of the jinns and human beings for
Hell. They have minds with which they do not understand, they
have eyes with which they do not see and they have ears with
which they do not hear. They are like cattle; nay more
misguided. They are the heedless people.
‫وف ِكاِبَو ا ۖ افَوِكإا َوػَّزه َواَلا‬ ‫وبايػَو ْكع ِكقُك َو‬

‫وف ِكاِبَو ا َوْك اآ َوذا ٌفايَو ْك َو ُكع َو‬ ٌ ‫اَلُك ْكما ُكػُك‬
‫وف َو‬
‫ضافَوػَو ُك َو‬‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َوفَوػَومايَو ِك ِك‬
‫اآت ْك‬ ‫ْك ُك‬
‫ااال ُك ِكار‬
ُّ ‫وباااَّزِكِت ِكآت‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬
‫ل ُكرا َو اَو ْك ا َوػ ْكع َو اااْك ُكقُك ُك‬ ‫ااْلَوْك َو‬
‫َوػ ْكع َو ْك‬
22:46 Had they not travelled through the earth so that they
would have minds with which they could understand and ears
with which they could hear? Truly it is not their eyes that are
blind but their minds that are in their memories (sudoor, plural
of sadr).
‫آفا ْكَوـا َو َو ٰى ا ُكػُك ٍء‬
‫وبا َوْكػ َوف ُكَلَو‬ ‫َوفَو َوَلايػَوَو َو ػَّزُك َوفاااْك ُكق ْك َو‬
47:24 Do they not then earnestly seek to understand the Quran
or are there locks on (their) minds?
‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوـ ِك‬
‫ِكجاااَّزهُكا ْك‬
‫َوضغَو اػَو ُكه ْكما‬ ‫ا٘مْك َو‬
‫ضا ْكَوفااَو ْك ُك‬ ‫باااَّزذي َو ِكآتا ُكػُكوِب ْكم َو‬
ٌ ‫امَو‬ ‫اح َو‬‫ْك َو‬
47:29 Or do those with disease in their minds think that Allah
will not bring to light all their rancour?
‫اج ُك ٍءرا ۚ ا َوأْك ُكس ُكه ْكما ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكما َو ِكي ٌ ا ۚ ا‬ ‫اُم َّز ٍء ِك ِك‬ ‫َوَلايػ َوق ِكُكواَو ُك م َوِك‬
‫لَو ا َوْك ام ْك ا َو َورا ُك‬ ‫اَج ًنع اإِكَّزَل ِكآتا ُكػًن ُكَو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬ ۚ ‫ِك‬
‫اَج ًنع ا َو ُكػُكوػُك ُكه ْكما َو َّز ٰىَّتا اذَوا َو ا أَوا ُكػَّزه ْكما َوػ ْكوٌـ َواَلايػَو ْكعقُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫َوْك َو ُكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬
59:14 They will not fight you collectively, except in fortified
towns or from behind walls. Their enmity among themselves is
strong. You would think they were united, but their minds are
divided. That is because they are a people who do not think.
‫اسِك ًنَلا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اك ايػَو ْكع َو ُكا َو َو ٰى ا َو كَو هافَوػَوُّ ُك ْكما َو ْك َو ُكماِبَو ْك ا ُك َووا َو ْك َو ٰى َو‬
17:84 Say: Everyone acts according to his own disposition.
But your Lord knows best who is best guided on the path.
‫إِكاَّز ا َو َو يْكػَو هُكااا َّز ِك َواإِك َّزم ا َو كِكًناا َو إِك َّزم َو‬
‫اك ُكف ًنورا‬
76:3 We (Allah) showed him the (right) way; either he can
be grateful or ungrateful.
‫با َوْك ا َواْك َوق ااا َّز ْك َوعا َو ُك َووا َو ِكه ٌا‬ ‫إِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىذَواِك َو ااَو ِكذ ْككَو ٰى ااِك َو ْك َو‬
ٌ ‫اك َوفااَوهُكا َوػ ْك‬
50:37 Verily in that is scope for thinking for the one who has
a mind or who listens and is a witness.
Mind creates feelings in human being: The Quran attributes

several kinds of feeling to mind.
‫اكْك َو ا ُكْكِك اااْك َو ْكوَو ٰى ا ۖ ا َو َوؿا َوَو َوَلْكا ُكػ ْك ِكم ْك ا ۖ ا َو َوؿا ػَوَو ٰى ا َو ٰىاَو ِك ْك ا‬ ‫َو إِك ْكذا َو َوؿاإِك ْكػَوا ِك ُكم َوار ِّل‬
‫با ِكَورِكِّن َو‬
‫اجَو ٍء ِكامْكػ ُكه َّز ا‬ ‫ل ْك ُك َّز اإِكاَوْك َو ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اك ِّل َو‬ ‫ااج َوع ْك ا َو َو ٰى ُك‬
‫اّتَّز ْك‬ ‫اَوطْك َو ئ َّز ا َوػ ْكِكِبا ۖ ا َو َوؿافَو ُكخ ْكذا ْكَورػَو َوع ًنام َو اااطَّزْكِك افَو ُك‬
‫اح ِك ٌام‬ ‫َوفاااَّزهَوا َو ِكيٌ َو‬
‫اس ْكعًن ا ۚ ا َوا ْك َو ْكما َّز‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااد ُك ُكه َّز ايَوأْك َو َو َو‬ ‫ااّتَّز ْك‬
‫ُكج ْك ًن ُك‬
‫‪2:260 Behold! Abraham said: My Lord! Show me how You‬‬
‫‪give life to the dead. He said: Have you not believed then? He‬‬
‫‪said: Yea! But to give solace to my mind. Allah said: Catch‬‬
‫‪four birds and draw them near to you. Then (after cutting), put‬‬
‫‪a piece of them on each hill and call them. They will come to‬‬
‫‪you running. Then know that Allah is Mighty, Wise.‬‬
‫َّزلُك اإِكَّزَل ِكام ْك ا ِكْك ِكاااَّز ِكها ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اج َوعَوهُكاااَّزهُكاإِكَّزَلا ُك ْك َو ٰى ا َو اَوطْك َو ئ َّز ا ِكها ُكػُكوُك ُك ْكما ۚ ا َو َوم ااا ْك‬
‫اح ِك ٌام‬ ‫َو ِكيٌ َو‬
‫‪8:10 Allah made it only glad news to console your minds.‬‬
‫‪There is no help except from Allah. Verily Allah is Mighty,‬‬
‫‪Wise.‬‬
‫َّزلُك اإِكَّزَل ِكام ْك ا ِكْك ِكاااَّز ِكهاااْك َوع ِكي ِك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اج َوعَوهُكاااَّزهُكاإِكَّزَلا ُك ْك َو ٰى ااَو ُك ْكما َو اَوطْك َو ئ َّز ا ُكػُكوُك ُك ْكما ِكها ۗ ا َو َوم ااا ْك‬
‫اْلَو ِك ِكام‬
‫ْك‬
‫‪3:126 Allah made it glad news for you to give solace to your‬‬
‫‪minds. There is no help except from Allah, the Mighty, the‬‬
‫‪Wise,‬‬
‫تااَوُكْك ِكيا ِكِكهااَو ْكوَوَلا ْكَوف َوارَوطْكَو ا َو َو ٰى ا َوػ ْكِك َوه ااِكَو ُك َو‬
‫وف ِكام َو ا‬ ‫وس ٰى افَو ِكر ًن ا ۖ اإِك ْكف َو‬
‫اك َود ْك‬ ‫ام َو‬
‫َوصَو َوحافُكػ َو ُكادا ِّلُكـ ُك‬‫َو ْك‬
‫ااْك ُك ْك م َوا‬
‫‪28:10 And there came to be a void in Moses‟s mother‟s‬‬
‫‪feeling. She was about to disclose his (case), had We not‬‬
‫‪strengthened her mind so that she remained a (firm) believer.‬‬
‫ض ْكع ا ِك اْك َوق ْكوِكؿافَوػَوطْك َوعاااَّز ِكذ ِك‬
‫يآتا‬ ‫َو‬ ‫اَّتْك َو َو‬ ‫َوح ٍء ِكام َو اااِّل َو ِك ا ۚ اإِك ِكفاا ػ َوَّزقْك ُك َّز‬
‫ُتافَو َوَل َو‬ ‫اكأ َو‬
‫ُت َو‬ ‫َّزِبااَو ْك ُك َّز‬ ‫ِك‬
‫يَو اا َو َوااا ِك ِّل‬
‫ام ْكعُك فًن‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ضا َو ُكػ ْك َو ا َوػ ْكوًنَل َو‬ ‫امَو ٌ‬‫َوػ ْك ه َو‬
‫‪33:32 O wives of the Prophet (Muhammad)! If you are God-‬‬
‫‪fearing, you are not like other women. So be not complaisant in‬‬
your talk, as those in whose mind is a disease might desire (for

you); but you speak well mannerly.
‫اسِك ٍءما‬ ‫اج ارَّزهُكا ِكَوق ْك ٍء‬
‫ب َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫إ ْكذ َو َو َو‬
37:84 Behold! (Prophet Abraham) approached his Lord with a
sound mind.
‫تاااَّز ِكها َو َوْك ُك ْكماإِك ْكذ ُك‬

‫اكْكُك ْكما َو ْك َو ا ًنافَوأَواَّز َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اَج ًنع ا َوَوَلا َوػ َوفَّزُكواا ۚ ا َواذْك ُككُك ااا ْكع َو َو‬
‫ااِب ِك اااَّز ِكه َوِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫َوا ْك َول ُك و َوْك‬
‫اح ْكفَوةٍء ِكام َو اااَّز ِكرافَوأَواْكػ َوق َوذ ُكك ْكم ِكامْكػ َوه ا ۗ ا‬ ‫ِكِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َوصَو ْكحُك ْكما ْكع َو هاإ ْكخ َووااًن ا َو ُككْكُك ْكما َو َو ٰى ا َو َوف ُك‬ ‫ػَو ْك َو ا ُكػُكوِك ُك ْكمافَوأ ْك‬
‫َوك ٰىَوذاِك َو ايػُكَوػ ِّل ُك اااَّزهُكااَو ُك ْكماآيَو ِكِكهااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َوػ ْكهَو ُك َواف‬
3:103 All of you in unison hold the rope of Allah (the Quran)
firmly and do not get divided among yourselves. And
remember Allah‟s favour on you while you were enemies.
Then He joined your minds (in love) so that by His mercy you
became brethren. You were on the edge of the Fire pit (because
of your wrongdoing); then He saved you from it. Thus Allah
makes His verses (the Quran) clear to you so that you may be
guided.
‫ااض ُكو ِك‬ ‫ِكِك ِكِك ِك‬ ‫ااك اَّز ِكذي َو َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضا َوْك َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫اآت ْك‬ ‫اك َوفُك اا َو َو اُكوااْل ْكخ َوواِن ْكماإ َوذ َو َو‬ ‫ااَلا َو ُك واُكو َو‬
‫اآمُكو َو‬ ‫يَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫اٗمِك ا‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ٰى ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ُكًّ ااَوو َو ِك‬
‫اح ْك َوةًن ِكآتا ُكػُكوِب ْكما ۗ ا َوااَّزهُك ُكْك‬
‫ام ُكواا َو َوم ا ُك ُكواااَو ْكج َوع َواااَّزهُكاذَوا َو َو‬‫ام َو‬ ‫اك اُكواا ْك َو اَو َو‬ ‫ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫وفا َول ٌا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ۗ
‫تا ا َواا هُكاِبَو ا َوػ ْكع َو ُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫م ُك‬ٙ‫َو ُك‬
3:156 O believers! Be not like the unbelievers who say about
their brethren (if they die) while they are travelling on the earth
or engaged in fighting, “If they had stayed with us, they would
not have died or been killed.” (That is for) Allah to make it
regret in their minds. It is Allah who gives life and death, and
Allah sees well all that you do.
‫وفا َو َوْكػ َوه ِكام َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو اُكواااُكِكي ُك ا ْكَوفااَوأْك ُكك َوامْكػ َوه ا َو َوطْك َو ئ َّز ا ُكػُكوػُكَو ا َو اػَو ْكعَو َوما ْكَوفا َو ْك َو‬
‫اص َو ْكػَوػَو ا َو اَو ُك َو‬
‫اا َّز ِك ِكي َوا‬
5:113 They said: “We only wish to eat from it for our mental
satisfaction and to know that you have indeed told us the truth.
And we ourselves (want to) be the witnesses to it (i.e. the food

plate from the sky).”
‫ام ْك ِكمِك َو ا‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل ْكُكك ْكما َو َوْك ِكه ْكما َو يَو ْك ُك‬
‫اص ُك َورا َوػ ْكوـ ُك‬ ‫َو ُكوُك ْكمايػُك َوع ِّلذ ْكػ ُكه ُكماااَّزهُكا أَويْك ي ُك ْكما َو ُك٘مْك ِك ْكما َو يػَوْك ُك‬
‫اح ِك ٌماا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ي ْكذ ِك با َو َو ِكِك‬
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا ۗ ا َوااَّزهُكا َو ٌم َو‬ ‫وباااَّزهُكا َو َو ٰى َو‬ ‫يا ُكػُكوِب ْكما ۗ ا َو يػَوُك ُك‬ ‫َو ُك ْك ْك‬
9:14-15 Fight them and Allah will punish them through your
hands. And He will humiliate them and help you against them
and console the memories of believing people and remove the
anger of their minds. Allah will turn (mercifully) to whom He
pleases. And Allah is All-Knowing, Wise.
‫ِكِك‬ ‫َوَلا َوػْكػ َوفعااا َو ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اام ذَواا َو َوؿ َوارُّ ُك ْكما ۖ ا َو اُكو ْك‬
‫اااْلَو َّزقا‬ ‫اح َّز ٰىَّتاإِكذَواافػُكِّل َو‬
‫عا َو ْك ا ػُكُكوِب ْكما َو اُكو َو‬ ‫َّزف َو ُكا ْك َو هُكاإَّزَلاا َو ْك ا َوذ َوفااَوهُكا ۚ َو‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َو‬
‫ۖ ا َو ُك َوواااْك َوعِك ُّ اااْك َو ِك ُكا‬
34:23 No intercession other than to whom He has permitted
will be successful with Him. Thus when tension is removed
from their minds, they will say: What did your Lord say? They
will say: The Truth. He is the Supreme, the Great.
‫وفا ِك ْكْل ِكخَوةِكا ۖ ا َو إِك َوذااذُككِكَو اااَّز ِكذي َو ِكام ْك ا‬
‫وباااَّز ِكذي َو َواَلايػُك ْك ِكمُك َو‬
‫َّزتا ُكػُك ُك‬ ‫َو إِك َوذااذُككِكَو اااَّزهُكا َو ْكح َو هُك ْك‬
‫ااِشَوأَوز ْك‬
‫ُكد اِكِكهاإِكذَواا ُك ْكمايَو ْك َوْك ِك ُك َواف‬
39:45 When Allah alone is mentioned, the minds of those who
do not believe in the Hereafter will get dejected; but when
(gods) other than He are mentioned, behold, they become
happy!
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫م اًن ِك ِكِك‬ٙ‫وباااْك ِكمِك ااِك ػ داد ااإِك‬
‫ُك واااَّز ِكذيا َواْكػ َوؿااا َّز ِك َو َو ِكآتا ُكػُك ِك‬
‫ودا‬ ‫مَو ِن ْكما ۗ ا َو اَّزه ُك‬ٙ‫ام َوعاإ‬
‫اجُك ُك‬ ‫ُك ْك َو َو ْك َو ُك َو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ضا ۚ ا َوك َوفاااَّزها ِك اح ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ُك َو ًن َو ًن‬ ‫َو‬
48:4 It is He who sent down tranquility into the minds of the
believers in order to increase their belief. And to Allah belong
the armies of the skies and the earth. And Allah is Omniscient,
the Wise.
‫اس ِك َوَوهُكا َو َو ٰى َوار ُكسواِكِكها‬ ‫ااْل ِك َّز َوا َوِك َّز َو ْك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ااْلَو َّز افَوأَواْكػَو َوؿاااَّزهُك َو‬
‫اك َوف ِك ِكِك‬
‫اآتا ُكػُكوِب ُكم ْكَو‬
‫َّز ِك‬
‫اج َوع َواااذي َو َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫إ ْكذ َو‬
‫َوح َّزق ِكاِبَو ا َو َو ْك َو َوه ا ۚ ا َو َوك َوفاااَّزهُكا ِك ُك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا‬ ‫َو اااْك ِكمِك ا َواْك مهم َو ِك‬
‫اك َو َوااا ػ ْكَّزق َوو ٰى ا َو َوك اُكواا َو‬ ‫َو َو ُك ْك َو َو َو َو ُك ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو ًن‬
48:26 When the nonbelievers harboured in their minds disdain
– the disdain of the ignorance – Allah sent down His tranquility
on His messenger and on the believers, and made them stick to
the command of God-consciousness‟ (kalimata alttaqwa).
They were the most deserving for it and its right people. And
Allah has full knowledge of all things.
‫ااْل ْكِكّم ا جع ْكَو ِكآتا ُكػُك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫وبا‬ ‫ام ْك َوَوا َوآ َوػْكػَو هُك ْكِك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫ُكّتَّزا َوػ َّزفْكػَو ا َو َو ٰى اآثَو ِكر ْكما ُك ُكس َو ا َو َوػ َّزفْكػَو ا ع َو اا ْك ِك َو‬
‫ض َوو ِكافاااَّز ِكهافَو َو ا‬ ‫اكَوْكػَو َو ا َو َوْك ِكهماإِكَّزَلاا ْكِكغَو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ار ْك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫ااَّزذي َو اا ػَّزَوػ ُكعوهُك َوارْكفَو ًنا َو َور ْك َو ًنا َو َورْك َو اَّز ًناا ْكػَو َو ُكوَو َو‬
‫َوجَو ُك ْكما ۖ ا َو َوكثِك ٌ ِكامْكػ ُكه ْكمافَو ِكس ُكق َوا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ر و اح َّزق ِك ِك‬
‫وف‬ ‫ار َو يَو َوه ا ۖ افَوآ َوػْكػَو اااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫اآمُكواامْكػ ُكه ْكما ْك‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو َو‬
57:27 Thereafter, We followed them up with (many of) Our
apostles. We sent after them Jesus the son of Mary and gave
him the Injeel and We put in the minds of those who followed
him compassion and mercy. But monasticism was their
invention. We did not prescribe it for them; (We prescribed)
only seeking the good pleasure of Allah. But they did not
observe it (i.e., the prescribed) the way it should have been
observed. Then We gave the believers among them their
reward; but most of them were rebellious transgressors.
‫ام اظَوَوػْكُك ْكما ْكَوفا‬ ‫اديَو ِكرِك ْكم ِكاْلَوَّز ِكؿ ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ْك ِك ا ۚ َو‬
‫ب ِكام ِك‬
‫ْك‬
‫اام ا َو ْك ِك اااْك ِكَو ِك‬ ‫واااَّز ِكذيا َوخ جاااَّز ِكذي َو ِك‬
‫اك َوفُك ْك‬ ‫ْك َو َو َو‬ ‫ُك َو‬
ۖ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ۖ
‫اٗمَو ُكواا ا‬ ‫اَلْك َوْك‬
‫ث َو‬ ‫لواػُك ُكه ْكمام َو ااا هافَوأَوَو ُك ُكمااا هُكام ْك َو‬
‫احْك ُك‬ ‫اح ُك‬
‫ام ا َوعُكػ ُكه ْكم ُك‬
‫َو٘مْكُك ُكجواا ا َو ظَوُّواا َوا ُكػَّزه ْكم َو‬
‫وفا ػُكُكوَوػ ُكه ْكما ِكأَويْك ِك ِكيه ْكما َو َويْك ِكياااْك ُك ْك ِكمِك َو افَو ْك َوِك ُكِب اايَو ا ُك ِكِلا‬
‫ا٘مْك ِكُك َو‬
‫با ۚ ُك‬ ‫َو َوذ َو ِك ِكِك‬
‫ؼآتا ُكػُكوِب ُكماااُّ ْك َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ل ِكار‬
‫ْكاْلَوْك َو‬
59:2 It is He who got out the unbelievers among the People
of the Book from their homes in the first eviction bid. You
(Prophet Muhammad) did not think they would go out. And
they thought that their fortresses would defend them from
Allah. But Allah approached them in a manner they could not
even think of and cast terror into their minds. Thus they were
demolishing their houses with their own hands and (with) the
hands of the believers. (That is) a lesson to be learnt, O people
with eyesight!
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِك ِك ْكمايػَو ُكقواُك َو‬
‫ااَّز ِكذي اج ِك‬
‫مَو ِكفا َوَوَل َوْك‬ٙ‫اسَوػ ُكقواَو ا ِك ْكِكْل‬
‫اَت َوع ْك ا‬ ‫وف َوارػَّزَو اا ْك ف ْك ااَوَو ا َو ِكِكْل ْكخ َووااَو اااَّزذي َو َو‬ ‫َو َو َو ُك‬
‫ؼ َوارح ٌام‬ ٌ ‫اارػَّزَو اإاَّز َو َوارُك‬ ‫اآمُكو َو‬ ‫ِكٓتا ُكػُكوِكَو ا ًَّلااَّزذي َو َو‬
59:10 And those who came after them. They say: Our Lord!
Forgive us and those of our brethren who went before us
believing. And do not make any ill-feeling in our minds
towards those who believe. Our Lord! Surely You are Kind,
Merciful.
ٌ‫وبايػَو ْكوَومئِك ٍءذا َو ِكاج َوف ا‬

ٌ ‫ُكػُك‬
79:8 That Day, some minds will tremble with fear.
‫اَو ُكراااَّز ِكهاااْك ُك وَو َو ةُكاااَّزِكِتا َوطَّزِك ُكعا َو َو ْك‬
‫ااْلَوفْكئِك َو ةِكاا‬
104:6-7 (It is) the Fire (i.e., the wrath) of Allah kindled, which
reaches up to (the faculty of) feeling.
‫ۖ ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫مه ِكطعِك ِك ِك‬
ٌ‫ام ْكق ع ُكارُك سه ْكم َواَلايػَوْك َو ُّاإاَوْكه ْكماطَوْكفُكػ ُكه ْكما ا َو َوفْكئ َو ػُك ُكه ْكما َو َووا ا‬
‫ُك ْك َو ُك‬
14:43 As they hurry along with their heads raised up, their
eyelids not returning to them (i.e., kept open), and their (faculty
of) feeling void!
‫يازْكرٍءعا ِكْك َو ا ػَوْكِك َو اااْك ُك َوحَّزِكـ َوارػَّزَو ااِكُك ِكق ُك و َّز‬

‫اااال َوَلةَوا‬ ‫ٍء ِك‬
‫تام ْك اذُكِّلريَّزِكِتا ِكَووادا َو ْكِك اذ َو‬
‫رػَّزَو اإِك ِّلِّنا َوس َو ْك ِك‬
‫ْك ُك‬ ‫َو‬
‫فَو ْكج َوع ْك ا َوفْكئ َو ًنةام َو اااَّز ِكسا َوػ ْكه ِكوياإِكاَوْك ِكه ْكما َو ْكارُكزْكػ ُكه ْكمام َو اااثَّز َو َواتااَو َوعَّز ُكه ْكمايَو ْك ُك ُك َواف‬
14:37 O our Lord! I have put up some among my progeny in
an uncultivated valley close to Your Sacred House (Masjidul
Haram). O our Lord! That is to enable them to establish the
Prayer. So make (the faculty of) feeling of some people (there)
compassionate towards them (i.e., his progeny) and feed them
with fruits so that they may be grateful.
‫ِك‬ ‫اِك لغ اإِكاَو ِكها َوفْكئِك ةُكاااَّز ِكذي َواَلايػ ِكم َو ِك ِك‬
‫ام ْكق َوِكفُك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫اام ا ُك ْكم ُك‬ ‫وفا ِك ْكْلخَوةِكا َو اَوػ ْك َو‬
‫ض ْكوهُكا َو اَوػ ْكق َوِكفُكو َو‬ ‫َو ُك ْك ُك‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو ٰى ْك َو‬
6:113 (That is) to make (the faculty of) feeling of those who
do not believe in the Hereafter incline towards it and to satisfy
them with it, and (also) to let them continue to earn what they
have been earning (i.e., evil).
‫امَّزةٍءا َو اَو َوذ ُكرُك ْكم ِكآتاطُك ْكغَو ِكِنِك ْكمايػَو ْكع َو ُكه َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫اك َو ِك ِكِك‬
‫اَلْكايػُك ْك مُكواا ها َوَّز َوؿ َو‬ ‫ل َورُك ْكم َو َو‬
‫اػُك َوقِّل ِك‬
‫با َوفْكئ َو َوػ ُكه ْكما َو َوْك َو‬
‫َو ُك‬
6:110 We will make their (faculty of) feeling and their sights
vacillate as in the first instance when they refused to believe in
it and We will leave them free to wander blindly in their
trespasses.
‫ام َوارَو ٰىا‬
‫باااْك ُكف َو ُكاد َو‬
‫اك َوذ َو‬
‫َوم َو‬
53:11 (Prophet Muhammad‟s faculty of) feeling had not
falsified what he saw.
‫تا ِكِكهافُكػ َو َواد َوؾا ۖ ا‬ ‫اح ةًنا ۚ َو ٰى ِك ِك‬ ‫َو َو َوؿاااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫اك َوذا َو ااُكثَوِّل َو‬ ‫اَجْكَو ًنا َو ِك َو‬ ‫اك َوفُك اااَو ْكوَوَلااػُكِّل َوؿا َو َوْك ِكهاااْك ُكق ْك ُك‬
‫آف ُك‬
‫َو َورػَّز ْكَو هُكا َوػ ْك ِك ًنا‬
‫َل‬
25:32 The unbelievers said: Why is the Quran not sent down
to him (i.e., Prophet Muhammad) in full as one (single
revelation)? It is like that (i.e., it is revealed in installments) to
strengthen your (faculty of) feeling with it and We have recited
it to you unhurriedly (in stages).
‫ام ْك ئُك ًنوَلا‬ ‫اك ُّا ُك ٰىاَوئِك َو َو‬
‫اك َوفا َوْكهُك َو‬ ‫لَو ا َوااْك ُكف َو َواد ُك‬ ‫ِكِك ِك‬
‫سااَو َو ا ها ْك ٌما ۚ اإِك َّزفااا َّز ْك َوعا َوااْكَو َو‬
‫ام ااَوْك َو‬
‫َوَوَلا َوػ ْكق ُك َو‬
17:36 And do not pursue anything about which you have no
knowledge. Indeed every act of hearing, seeing and feeling will
be enquired into (on the Day of Reckoning).
‫تا ِكِكهافُكػ َو َواد َوؾا ۚ ا َو َوج َو َوؾ ِكآتا ٰىَو ِكذهِك ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ُّقا َو َوم ْكو ِكظَو ٌا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ُّ ‫َو ُكك ًَّلااػَو ُكق‬
‫صا َو َوْك َو ام ْك ا َواْكػَو اااُّ ُكس ِك َو‬
‫ام ااػُكثَوِّل ُك‬
‫َو ِكذ ْككَو ٰى ااِكْك ُك ْك ِكمِك َوا‬
11:120 All that We relate to you from the stories of the apostles
is what can make your (faculty of) feeling firm. Through this
(Quran) has come to you the truth, an exhortation and a
Reminder to the believers.
The Arabic word “fuad” (pl. “afidat”) is translated as “feeling

and understanding” [5]\, which are conscious perceptions. The
connection of fuad with qalb (mind) is also made clear in verse
28:10 quoted above. Therefore, these may be considered as
attributes of the qalb. To sum up, the qalb (mind) is a processor
that has the ability to learn, think and understand, to impart
self-consciousness (self-awareness or “I” feeling) and feelings
including pain and ego to the individual, to exercise freewill
and decide course of action by the individual, and to act as
input port to receive information.
b) Sadr – memory of human biosystem

At several places in the Quran mention has been made
of human sadr as hardware component with the characteristics
of memory where information on conscious activities (i.e.,
originating from mind) is stored. These are:
i) Sadr as the organ that stores information (Q. 40:19, 3:118,
39:7, 35:38, 31:23, 29:10, 17:51)
ُّ ‫اَّتْك ِكف‬
‫ااال ُك ُكرا‬ ‫اخ ئِكَو َو ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ْك ُك ِك ا َو َوم ُك‬ ‫يػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬
40:19 He (i.e., Allah) knows deception by eyes and what the
memories conceal.
‫َّزخ ُكذ اا ِكطَو اَو ًن ِكام اد اِك ُك م َواَلايأْكاُكواَو ُك ماخ ًنَلا ُّد اام ا ِكُّما َو ْك ا َو ِك‬ ‫ااَلا َوػ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫تا‬ ‫ْك ُك ْك َو ْك َو َو َو َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫يَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫اآمُكو َو‬
‫تا ۖ اإِك ْكف ُك‬ ‫ااْك ػ ْكغض ِكام ا َوفْكػوا ِك ِكهما م ُك ِك‬
‫اكْكُك ْكما‬ ‫َوكَوػُك ا ۚ ا َو ْك ا ػَوَّزػَّز ااَو ُك ُكم ْك َو‬
‫اص ُك ُكرُك ْكما ْك‬
‫اَّتْكف ُك‬ ‫َو َو ُك ْك َو ْك َو َو‬
‫َوػ ْكع ِكقُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
3:118 O believers! Do not take people other than yours as
intimate friends. They will not fail to inflict loss on you. They
only desire your ruin. Their mouths have disclosed hatred and
what their memories conceal is bigger. We have made plain to
you the verses (of the Quran), if you think and understand.
‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ضهُكااَو ُك ْكما‬‫ض ٰى ااعَو دهاااْك ُك ْكفَو ا ۖ ا َو إِك ْكفا َو ْك ُك ُك اايػَوْك َو‬ ‫ْكفُك اافَوِكإ َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ِك ا َوْك ُك ْكما ۖ ا َوَوَلايػَوْك َو‬
‫إِك ْكفا َو ُك‬
‫وفا ۚ اإِكاَّزهُكا‬ ‫ام ْك ِكج ُكع ُك ْكمافَوػُكػَوِّلئُك ُك ْكم ِكاِبَو ُك‬
‫اكْكُك ْكما َوػ ْكع َو ُك َو‬ ‫ُكخ ٰى ا ۗ ُك ِك‬
‫اّتَّزاإ َو ٰىَل َوارِّل ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ا َوَوَلا َو ُكرا َوازَورةٌا ْكزَورا ْك َو‬
ۗ
ُّ ‫ات‬ ‫ِك ما ِك َوذ ِك‬
ٌ ‫َو‬
39:7 If you reject, truly Allah has no need of you and He
does not like ingratitude from His servants. If you are grateful,
He is pleased with you. No bearer of burdens can bear the
burden of another. In the end your return is to your Lord. Then
He will inform you of all that you did (in this life). Verily He
knows well what is (stored) in the memories.
‫ااال ُك ِكرا‬
ُّ ‫ات‬‫ضا ۚ اإِكاَّزها ِك ما ِك َوذ ِك‬
‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫إِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ِكَلا َوْك ِك‬
‫بااا َّز ِك‬
ٌ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫ُك‬
35:38 Verily Allah is knower of the mystery of the skies and
the earth. Indeed He has full knowledge of what is (stored) in
the (human) memories.
‫اك ْكف ها ۚ اإِكاَو ػَو ام ِكجعهمافَوػُكػَوِّلئػهم ِكاِبَو ا ِك ُكواا ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزها ِك ما ِك َوذ ِك‬
‫اتا‬ ٌ ‫َو َو‬ ‫اٗمُكاْك َو ُك ُكُك ْك َو ْك ُك ُك ْك ُك ُك ْك َو‬ ‫اك َوفَو افَو َوَل َوْك‬
‫َو َوم ْك َو‬
‫اال ُك ِكار‬
ُّ
31:23 But if any rejects Faith, let not his rejection grieve you.
Their return is to Us; then We will inform them about their
deeds. Verily, Allah knows well what is (stored) in the
memories.
‫اباااَّز ِكها َو اَوئِك ْك ا‬
‫اكع َوذ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫وؿ ِك َّز ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ي ِكآتاااَّزه َو‬
‫اج َوع َوافْكػَو َواااَّز ِكس َو َو‬ ‫اآمَّز ا ا هافَوإ َوذاا ُك ذ َو‬ ‫ام ْك ايػَو ُكق ُك َو‬ ‫َو م َو اااَّز ِكس َو‬
‫اص ُك ِكراااْك َوع اَو ِك َوا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ساااَّزهُكا أَو ْك َو َوماِبَو ِكآت ُك‬ ۚ
‫ام َوع ُك ْكما ا َوَو اَوْك َو‬
‫اكَّز َو‬‫لٌ ِكام ْك َوارِّل َو ااَوَوػ ُكقواُك َّز اإِكاَّز ُك‬
‫َوج َوااَو ْك‬
29:10 There are, among people, those who say, “We believe
in Allah”; but if they happen to suffer in (the cause of) Allah,
they will take the persecution by the people for Allah‟s
punishment. And if help comes from your Lord, they are sure
to say, “We have been with you”. Is not Allah who knows best
what is (stored) in the memories of people of the world?
‫امَّزةٍءا ۚ ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك ايُكع ُك اَو ا ۖ ا ُك ِك اااَّزذيافَوطَوَوُكك ْكما َوَّز َوؿ َو‬ ‫اص ُك ِكرُكك ْكما ۚ افَو َو َوػ ُكقواُك َو‬
‫وف َو‬ ‫اخ ْك ًنق اِمَّز ايَو ْك ُكػُك ِكآت ُك‬
‫َوْك َو‬
‫وفاإِكاَوْك َو ُكارُك َوس ُكه ْكما َو يػَو ُكقواُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفا َو ِكيًن‬
‫ام َو ٰىَّتا ُك َووا ۖ ا ُك ْك ا َو َو ٰى ا ْكَوفايَو ُك َو‬
‫وف َو‬ ‫ض َو‬ ‫فَو َو ُكػْكغ ُك‬
17:51 Or anything, which in your memories is the most

difficult (to be resurrected), (yet you will be resurrected)! Then
they will ask: Who will return us (to a new creation)? Say: The
One who created you first time. Then they will nod their heads
towards you (mockingly) and ask: When will that be? Say:
Maybe, it will happen quite soon!
ii) Sadr – from where recorded information is retrieved (Q.
100:10)
ُّ ‫ام ِكآت‬
‫ل َو َو‬
‫َو ُكح ِّل‬
100:10 And that which is (stored) in the memories is made
manifest.
iii) Sadr is where divine revelations are stored (Q. 7:2, 29:49)
‫احَو ٌج ِكامْكهُكااِكُكػْك ِكذ َورا ِكِكها َو ِكذ ْككَو ٰى ااِكْك ُك ْك ِكمِك َوا‬ ‫با ُكاْك ِكَوؿاإِكاَوْك َو افَو َوَلايَو ُك ْك ِكآت َو‬
‫اص ْك ِكرَوؾ َو‬
‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫كَو‬
7:2 (This is) a Book (the Quran) revealed to you. So let your
memory have no difficulty on that account. You warn (the
people) with this (Quran) and it is a Reminder to the believers.
‫اٖم َوح ُك ا ِكآيَو ِكَو اإِكَّزَلاااظَّز اِك ُك َو‬

‫اص ُك ِكراااَّزذي َو ا ُك ُكوااااْكع ْك َوما ۚ ا َو َوم َوْك‬
‫ت ِكآت ُك‬
ٌ ‫تا ػَوِّلػَو‬
ٌ ‫َو ْك ا ُك َوواآيَو‬
29:49 Nay, these are clear messages in the memories of those
endowed with knowledge. And only the wrongdoers reject Our
verses.
iv) Sadr into which Satan, man and jinn can transmit
information (Q. 114:1-5)
‫س ِكآتا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز ِك‬ ‫امِك ِك اااَّز ِكساإِكٰىاَو ِكهاااَّز ِكس ِكام ْك ا َو ِّل اااْك َوو ْكس َوو ِك‬ ‫ُك ْك ا َو ُكوذُكا ِكَو ِّل‬
‫ااْلَوَّز ِكساااذيايػُك َوو ْكسو ُك‬
‫اس ْك‬ ‫باااَّز ِكس َو‬
‫ااْلِكَّز ِكا َوااَّز ِكساا‬
‫ص ُك ِكراااَّز ِكس ِكام َو ْك‬ ‫ُك‬
114:1-5 Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind, Master of
mankind, God of Mankind, from the evil of the retreating
whispers – (of the one) that (i.e., the Satan) whispers into the
human memories (and of the whispers) from the jinns and
mankind.
v) Sadr is where information on various aspects like distress,

fear, desire, needs, pride, rancour, doubts, etc. is stored (Q.
15:97, 4:90, 59:13, 59:9, 40:80, 40:56, 15:47, 7:43, 10:57,
9:14-15)
‫اص ْك ُكرَوؾ ِكاِبَو ايػَو ُكقواُك َو‬

‫َو اَو َوق ْك ااػَو ْكعَو ُكما َواَّز َو ايَوض ُكق َو‬
15:97 We certainly know how distressed your memory is
because of what they say.
‫اص ُك ُكرُك ْكما ْكَوفا‬ ‫وفاإِك َو ٰىَلا َوػوٍءـا ػ ػَو ُك ما ػ ػَوػهم ِكام ثَو ٌؽا َو اج ُككم ِك‬ ‫إِكَّزَلاااَّز ِكذي اي ِك‬
‫ت ُك‬‫احلَو ْك‬ ‫ْك َو ُك ْك َو‬ ‫ْك َوْك ْك َو َوْك ُك ْك‬ ‫لُك َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫يػُك َوق ِكُكوُكك ْكما َوْك ايػُك َوق ُكواا َوػ ْكوَوم ُكه ْكما ا َو اَو ْكوا َو َوااا هُكااَو َو طَو ُكه ْكما َو َوْك ُك ْكمافَوػَو َوق َوػُكوُكك ْكما افَوإفاا ْك َوػَواُكوُكك ْكما‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ۚ ‫َّز‬ ‫َّز‬ ۚ ‫ِك‬
‫اسِك ًنا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َل‬ ‫اج َوع َواااَّزهُكااَو ُك ْكما َو َوْكه ْكم َو‬ ‫فَوػَو ْكمايػُك َوق ُكوُكك ْكما َو َواْك َوق ْكوااإاَوْك ُك ُكمااا َّز َو َومافَو َو َو‬
4:90 Except those who join a group with whom you have a
treaty or those who approach you with their memories
restraining them from fighting you or fighting their own
people. If Allah had wished, He would have given them power
over you and they would have fought you. If they withdraw
from you without fighting and bring peace offer to you, then
Allah has not made any way (i.e., reason) for you (to fight)
against them.
‫اص ُك ِكرِك ْكم ِكام َو اااَّز ِكها ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو ا ِكأَوا ُكػَّزه ْكما َوػ ْكوٌـ َواَلايػَو ْكف َوق ُكه َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ُّارْك َو ًن ِكآت ُك‬
‫َوْلَواْكػُك ْكما َو َو َو‬
59:13 Fear of you is stronger in their memories than the (fear)
of Allah. That is because they are a people who do not
understand.
‫اص ُك ِكرِك ْكما‬ ‫وفام ا َو ج اإِكاَو ِكهما َوَل َوِك‬
‫اٖم ُك َوف ِكآت ُك‬ ‫اٗمُّ َو َو ْك َو َو ْك ْك َو‬
‫مَو َوف ِكام ا َوػ ِك ِكهم ُكِك‬ٙ‫اْل‬
‫ْك ْك ْك‬ ‫َّزارا َو ْكِك‬ ‫َّز ِك‬
‫َوااذي َو ا َوػَوػ َّزوُك اااا َو‬
‫وؽا ُك َّزحااػَو ْكف ِك ِكها‬
‫ص ٌا ۚ ا َو َوم ْك ايُك َو‬ ‫ح ج ًن ِكاِمَّز ا ُك ُكواا يػ ثِك َوفا َو ا َواْكػ ُكف ِك ِكهما اَوو َو ِكِك‬
‫ل َو‬ ‫اخ َو‬
‫اك َوفاِب ْكم َو‬ ‫ْك َو ْك‬ ‫َو ُك ْك ُك َو ٰى‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫فَوأُك ٰىاَوئِك َو ا ُك ُكماااْك ُك ْكف ُكح َوا‬
‫وف‬
59:9 And those (Ansars) who arranged their (i.e., for
Muhajirs) abode and (embraced) the Faith prior to them (i.e.,
their arrival). They (Ansars) love those who migrated to them,
and they (Ansars) will not find in their memories a desire for
what is given to them (i.e., Muhajirs). And even if they are
faced with poverty, they are more concerned (about Muhajirs)

than themselves. Whoever guards his soul from thriftiness,
they are the successful ones.
‫اص ُك ِكرُكك ْكما َو َو َوْكػ َوه ا َو َو َو اااْك ُكف ْك ِك ا ُكْك َو ُك َو‬ ‫اَو ُك مافِك ه ِك ِك‬
‫وفا‬ ‫اح َوج ًن ِكآت ُك‬
‫امَو ف ُكعا َو اَوْكػُكغُكواا َو َوْكػ َوه َو‬
‫َو ْك َو َو‬
40:80 And you have other advantages in them (cattle). And
you can meet any need (kept stored) in your memories about
them. And on them and on ships you are carried (for travel).
‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫اٖمَو ِكداُك َو‬
‫إِك َّزفاااَّز ِكذي َو ُك‬
‫اس ْكطَو فا َوَو ُك ْكما ۙ اإِك ْكف ِكآت ُك‬
‫اص ُك ِكر ْكماإَّزَلاكْكػٌ َو‬
‫ام ا ُك ْكما‬ ‫وف ِكآتاآيَو تاااَّزها غَو ْكِك ُك‬
‫ِك اِكغِك ِكها ۚ افَو سَوعِك ْكذا ِك اَّز ِكها ۖ اإِكاَّزها وااا َّز ِك عاااْك ِك‬
‫ل ُكا‬ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫ُك ُك َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َو‬
40:56 Those who dispute about the signs of Allah without any
authority given to them, they have in their memories nothing
but high self-esteem, which they will never attain. Therefore
you seek refuge in Allah. Verily He hears and sees (all things).
‫امَوػ َوق ِكِك َوا‬
‫اسُك ٍءر ُك‬
‫اػَوَو ْك َو ام ِكآت ُك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اص ُك ِكر ْكمام ْك ا ٍّاإ ْكخ َووااًن ا َو َو ٰى ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو‬
15:47 And We will remove (delete) from their memories any
lurking rancor. (They will be) brothers facing each other on
raised couches.
‫اااْلَو ْك ُك ااِكَّز ِكهاااَّز ِكذيا َو َو ااَو ا‬ ‫يام ْك ا َوْكِك ِكه ُكم ْك‬
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوه ُكرا ۖ ا َو َو اُكو ْك‬ ‫اَت ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اص ُك ِكر ْكم ِكام ْك ا ِك ٍّ َوْك‬ ‫ام ِكآت ُك‬ ‫َو اػَوَو ْك َو َو‬
‫ِكَل َوٰىذاا م ُك ِك ِك‬
‫ت ُكار ُكس ُك َوارػِّلَو ا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۖ ا َو اُك ُك‬
‫ود اا ْكَوفا‬ ‫اج َو ْك‬ ‫يااَو ْكوَوَلا ْكَوفا َو َو ااَو اااَّزهُكا ۖ ااَو َوق ْك َو‬ ‫اكَّز ااَوػ ْكهَو َو‬ ‫َو َو َو‬
‫اكْكُك ْكما َوػ ْكع َو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ِكْك ُك ُكم ْك‬
‫ااْلَوَّز ُكا ُك ِكرثْكػُك ُك وَو ِكاِبَو ُك‬
7:43 And We will remove (delete) from their memories
whatever ill-feeling there is. Rivers will flow beneath them and
they will say: Praise be to Allah who guided us to this
(felicity); we would not have found true guidance if Allah had
not guided us. Indeed apostles of our Lord came to us with
truth.” And it will be called out to them: “That is the Garden!
You are made its heirs for your deeds (of righteousness).
ُّ ‫ام ْكو ِكظَو ٌ ِكام ْك َوارِّل ُك ْكما َو ِك َوف ٌااِك َو ِكآت‬

‫ااال ُك ِكرا َو ُك ًن ا َو َور ْك َو ٌا‬ ‫اج َوْك ُك ْكم َو‬
‫سا َو ْك َو‬
‫اِكْك ُك ْك ِكمِك َوا‬
10:57 O mankind! You have received a direction (the Quran)

from your Lord and a solution to the (doubts) in your
memories. And (the Quran is) a guidance and mercy to the
believers.
‫ام ْك ِكمِك َو ا‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل ْكُكك ْكما َو َوْك ِكه ْكما َو يَو ْك ُك‬
‫اص ُك َورا َوػ ْكوـ ُك‬ ‫َو ُكوُك ْكمايػُك َوع ِّلذ ْكػ ُكه ُكماااَّزهُكا أَويْك ي ُك ْكما َو ُك٘مْك ِك ْكما َو يػَوْك ُك‬
‫اح ِك ٌماا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ي ْكذ ِك با َو َو ِكِك‬
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا ۗ ا َوااَّزهُكا َو ٌم َو‬ ‫وباااَّزهُكا َو َو ٰى َو‬ ‫يا ُكػُكوِب ْكما ۗ ا َو يػَوُك ُك‬ ‫َو ُك ْك ْك‬
9:14-15 Fight them and Allah will punish them through your
hands. And He will humiliate them and help you against them
and clear (doubts from) the memories of believing people and
remove the anger of their minds. Allah will turn (mercifully) to
whom He pleases. And Allah is All-Knowing, Wise.
vi) Sadr can be expanded (Q. 94:1, 39:22, 20:25, 16:106,
6:125)
Expansion of memory implies increased storage of
information relating to Allah‟s guidance in the Scripture, which
will enhance one‟s faith. To the people of Muhammadan era, it
is the knowledge of the Quran.
‫اص ْك َورَوؾا‬
‫َوَلْكااَو ْك َو ْكحااَو َو َو‬
‫َو‬
94:1 Have We not expanded your memory for you (Prophet
Muhammad)?
‫ور ِكام ارِّلِكها ۚ افَوػوي ااِكْك َوق ِكس ِكا ُكػُكو ػهم ِكام ِك‬
‫اذ ْكك ِك ا‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َو ُك ُك ْك ْك‬ ٌ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫َوفَو َو ْك ا َو َو َوحاااَّزهُك َو‬
‫اص ْك َورهُكاا ْكْل ْكس َوَلـافَوػ ُكه َووا َو َو ٰى ااُك ْك َو‬
‫امِك ٍءا‬ ‫ااَّز ِكها ۚ ا ُك ٰىاَوئِك َو ِكآت َو ٍء‬
‫اض َوَلؿ ُك‬
39:22 Is the one whose memory Allah has expanded towards
Islam (and) thus he received enlightenment from his Lord (like
a hard-minded one)? Woe to those whose minds are hardened
against the remembrance of Allah. They are clearly in error.
‫اص ْك ِكري‬
‫باا ْك َو ْكح ِكاِل َو‬
‫َو َوؿ َوار ِّل‬
20:25 (Prophet Moses) said: O my Lord! Expand my memory
for me.

‫اضِّلػ ًنق ا‬
‫اص ْك َورهُك َو‬
‫اٖم َوع ْك َو‬ ‫اص ْك َورهُكاا ْكِكْل ْكس َوَلِكـا ۖ ا َو َوم ْك ايُكِكْكدا ْكَوفايُكضَّزهُك َوْك‬
‫فَو َو ْك ايُكِكداااَّزهُكا ْكَوفايػَو ْكه يَوهُكايَو ْك َو ْكح َو‬
‫سا َو َو اااَّز ِكذي َو َواَلايػُك ْك ِكمُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫اك ٰىَوذاِك َو َوْك َّز‬
‫اٖم َوع ُكااا هُكاااِّل ْكج َو‬ ‫لعَّز ُك ِكآتااا َّز َو ِك ا ۚ َو‬ ‫اكأَّزَؤمَو ايَو َّز‬
‫َوحَو ًنج َو‬
6:125 Whomsoever Allah likes to guide, He expands his
memory towards Islam; and whomsoever He intends to leave
astray, He makes his memory shrunken and narrow (so that
believing in Islam will be) like a difficult climb towards the
sky. Thus Allah imposes penalty on the unbelievers.
vii) Sadr can be made to shrink (Q. 6:125 quoted above, 11:12,
26:13)
Shrunken memory refers to a sadr sparsely filled with
Allah‟s revelations. It is also the memory expanded with
unbelief as described in the verse 16:106.
‫اص ْك ُكرَوؾا ْكَوفايػَو ُكقواُكواااَو ْكوَوَلا ُكاْك ِكَوؿا َو َوْك ِكه َو‬
‫اكْكػٌ ا َوْك ا‬ ‫فَوػَوعَّز َو ا َو ِكرٌؾا ػعضام ايوح اإِكاَو َو ا ِك ِكِك‬
‫ض ئ ٌقا ه َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو َو ُك َو ٰى ْك َو َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ا َوك ٌا‬ ‫امَو ٌ ا ۚ اإِكَّزٔمَو ا َواْك َو‬
‫تااَوذيٌ ا ۚ ا َوااَّزهُكا َو َو ٰى ُك‬ ‫ام َوعهُك َو‬
‫َوج َو َو‬
11:12 Because they say why not a treasure is sent down to
him (Prophet Muhammad) or an angel comes with him, you
(Prophet Muammad) may (be tempted to) exclude some
portion of what is transmitted to you and your memory may
shrink on account of that. But you are only a warner. And
Allah is responsible for all things.
‫اص ْك ِكريا َوَوَلايػَوْكطَوِك ُكقااِك َو ِكِّنافَوأ ْكَورِكس ْك اإِك َو ٰىَلا َو ُكر َوفا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو يَوض ُكق َو‬
26:13 My (Prophet Moses) memory will become shrunken
and my tongue will become rigid. So send for Harun.”
‫ام ْك ا َو َو َوحا ِك اْك ُك ْكف ِك ا‬ ‫ُكك ِكها َوػ ْك ه ِك ِك ِك ٰى ِك‬ ‫م َو ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك ِكِك ِك‬
‫مَو فا َو اَو ْك َو‬ٙ‫امطْك َو ئ ا ْكِكْل‬
‫ام ْك ا ْك َو َو ُك ُك ُك‬ ‫مَو اهاإَّزَل َو‬ٙ‫اك َوفَو ا اَّزهام ْك ا ػَو ْكع اإ‬ ‫َو ْك‬
‫ابا َو ِكظ ٌام‬ ‫ص ْك راافَوػعَو ِكهما َوض ِك ِك‬
ٌ ‫بام َو اااَّزها َو َوَلُك ْكما َو َوذ‬
ٌ ‫َو ًن َو ْك ْك َو‬
16:106 Whoever, after his belief, disbelieves in Allah – except
the one under compulsion with his mind remaining firm in
Faith – and who expands (i.e., fills) his memory with unbelief,
on them is wrath of Allah and they have a dreadful penalty.
All these verses are in one way or the other suggestive of

information storage in sadr. Therefore sadr is the organ or
tissue that stores information (on its chromosomes) about the
conscious activities (i.e., information originating from qalb) of
man.
Allah knows what is on one’s qalb and in sadr: Allah informs
us that He knows everything that is on one‟s mind and what is
stored in memory. None can hide anything from Him.
‫اَلُك ْكم ِكآتا َواْكػ ُكف ِك ِكه ْكما َوػ ْكوًنَلا‬
‫ضا َوْكػ ُكه ْكما َو ِكظْك ُكه ْكما َو ُك ْك َو‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ٰى ِك ِك‬
‫ام ِكآتا ُكػُكوِب ْكمافَوأَو ْك ِك ْك‬
‫ُك اَوئ َو اااَّزذي َو ايػَو ْكعَو ُكماااَّزهُك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو غًن‬
4:63 (Allah) knows what is in their minds. So you (Prophet
Muhammad) keep away from them and advise them and speak
to them a word to reach their very souls.
There are also several verses that inform us that Allah knows
all the information stored in the memory (sadr).
‫اَّتْك ُكفواام ِكآتاص ُك ِكرُككما َو ا ػُك ُك هايػعَو هاااَّزها ۗ ا يػعَومام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫اتا َو َوم ِكآتا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫ُك ْك ْك ْك ُك َو ْك ْك ُك ُك َو َو ْك ُك َو‬ ‫ُك ْك اإ ْكف ُك َو‬
‫ضا ۗ ا َوااَّزهُكا َو َو ٰى ُك‬
‫ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬
3:29 Say: Whether you hide what is (stored) in your memory
or reveal it, Allah knows it all. He knows what is in the skies
and what is in the earth. And Allah has power over all things.
‫ُكّتَّزا َواْكػَو َوؿا َو َوْك ُك ْكم ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِكاااْكغَو ِّلما َوَومَو ًنااػُك َوع ًنس ايػَو ْكغ َو ٰى اطَو ئِكَوف ًن ِكامْك ُك ْكما ۖ ا َو طَو ئِكَوف ٌا َو ْك ا َوَوٕمَّزْكػ ُكه ْكما‬
‫ااْل ْكَوم ِك ِكام ْك ا َو ْك ٍء ا ۗ ا‬ ‫ااْلَو ِك ِكَّز ِكا ۖ ايػَو ُكقواُك َو‬
‫وفا َو ْك ااَوَو ِكام َو ْك‬ ‫ُّوفا ِك اَّز ِكها َوْكػَو ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ِّلقاظَو َّز ْك‬ ‫َواْكػ ُكف ُك ُكه ْكمايَوظُك َو‬
‫اك َوفااَوَو ِكام َو ا‬ ‫وفااَو ْكو َو‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫وف ِكآتا َواْكػ ُكف ه ْكم َو‬
‫ام َواَلايػُكْك ُك َوفااَو َو ا ۖ ايػَو ُكقواُك َو‬ ‫ا٘مْك ُكف َو‬ ‫اكَّزهُكااِكَّز ِكها ۗ ُك‬ ‫ُك ْك اإِك َّزف ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَومَو ُك‬
‫با َو َوْك ِكه ُكماااْك َوقْك ُكاإِك َو ٰىَلا‬ ‫اكْك م ِكآتا ػ وِك ُك مااَو ػ زاااَّز ِكذي ُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك َو‬
ۗ
‫ام ا ُك ْكَو ا َو ُك َو ا ا ُك ْك ااَو ْكو ُك ُك ْك ُكُك ْك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫ْكاْل ْكَوم ِك ا َو ْك ٌ َو‬
‫اتا‬‫مض ِكجعِك ِكهما ۖ ا اِك ِك اااَّزهام ِكآتاص ُك ِكرُككما اِك ِّلحصام ِكآتا ُكػُكوِك ُك ما ۗ ا ااَّزها ِك ما ِك َوذ ِك‬
ٌ ‫ْك َو ُك َو‬ ‫ُك ْك َو ُك َو َو َو‬ ‫ْك َو َوْكَو َو ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
ُّ
3:154 Then after (the spell) of grief, He sent down on you a
protective slumber, (which) gripped a group among you while
another group became worried about themselves. They had
false views about Allah – the views of the ignorant times

(jahiliyyat). They said: Do we have any role to play in this
matter? You say: (None has any role); the whole affair is
Allah‟s. They keep to themselves what they do not reveal to
you. They say: If we had anything to do with the matter, we
would not have been killed here. Say: Even if you had
remained in your homes, those for whom death was decreed
would have gone to the place of their death. (All these were)
for Allah to test what is in your memories and purify what is in
your minds. And Allah knows well what is (stored) in your
memories.
‫ااْل ْكَوم ِك ا َو ٰىاَو ِك َّز ا‬ ‫امَو ِكم َو ا َوِك ًنَلا ۖ ا َو اَو ْكوا َوَور َواك ُكه ْكم َو‬
‫اكثِك ًناااَوَوف ِك ْكُك ْكما َو اَوَوػَو َوز ْك ُك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫إ ْكذايُكِكي َو ُكه ُكماااَّزهُك ِكآت َو‬
ُّ ‫ات‬ ‫ااَّزهاسَّزما ۗ اإِكاَّزها ِك ما ِك َوذ ِك‬
ٌ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو‬
8:43 (Remember) Allah showed you the enemy as few (in
number) in your dream. Had He shown you their number more,
you would have shown cowardice and dissented in the matter
(i.e., whether to fight or not). But Allah saved (you). Indeed He
knows what is (stored) in the memories.
‫ب ُك ِك ِك‬ ‫وفا ِك اْك ِكَو ِك‬ ‫ا َواْكػ ما ُك َوَل ِك ا ُكِك ُّواػَوهما َوَل ُكِك‬
‫اٗمُّواَو ُك ْكما َو ُكػ ْك ِكمُك َو‬
‫ااآمَّز ا َو إِك َوذ َو‬
‫ااخَو ْكواا‬ ‫اكِّلها َو إ َوذاااَو ُكقوُكك ْكما َو اُكو َو‬ ‫ُك ْك َو‬ ‫َو ُك ْك‬
ُّ ‫اموُكواا ِكغَوْكظ ُك ْكما ۗ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ٌما ِك َوذات‬
‫ااال ُك ِكار‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْلَواَو م َوام َو اااْكغَوْكيا ۚ ا ُك ْك ُك‬ ‫ضواا َو َوْك ُك ُكم ْك‬ ُّ ‫َو‬
3:119 Ah! You are those who love them, but they do not love
you. And you believe in the whole of the Book. When they
meet you, they say, “We have believed”. But when they are
alone, they bite off their fingertips in their rage for you. Say:
Die with you rage. Allah knows well what is (stored) in the
memories.
‫اذْك ُكك اااِكع َواااَّز ِكها َو ُك ما ِكم ثَو َوهاااَّز ِكذيا اثػَو َوق ُك ما ِكِكهاإِك ْكذا ُكػ ْك م َوِك‬
‫اْس ْكعَو ا َو َوطَو ْكعَو ا ۖ ا َوا ػ ُكَّزقوااااَّزهَوا ۚ ا‬ ‫ُك ْك‬ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫َو ْك ْك َو ُك‬ ‫َو ُك ْك َو‬
ُّ ‫إِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ِك ٌما َوذات‬
‫ااال ُك ارِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
5:7 And remember the favour of Allah on you and His
covenant, which He ratified with you when you said, “We hear
and we obey”. And fear Allah. Verily Allah knows well what is
(stored) in your memories.
‫ام ايُك ِك ُّ َوفا‬ ‫اح اي ػ ْكغ ُك َو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوَوَلاإِكا ُكػَّزه ْكمايػَوثْكػُك َو‬
‫وفاثَو ػَو ُكه ْكمايػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬ ‫اص ُك َورُك ْكمااَو ْك َو ْكخ ُكفواامْكهُكا ۚ ا َوَوَل َو َو ْك َو‬
‫وف ُك‬
ُّ ‫ات‬ ‫وفا ۚ اإِكاَّزها ِك ما ِك َوذ ِك‬ ‫َو َوم ايػُك ْكعِكُك َو‬
ٌ ‫ُك َو‬
11:5 Is it not that they fold up their memories to hide from
Him? Ah! Even when they cover themselves with their
garments, He knows what they conceal and what they reveal.
Indeed He knows well what is (stored) in the memories.
ُّ ‫ات‬‫ِكَوسُّ اا َوػواَو ُك ما َو ِك ااجه اا ِكِكها ۖ اإِكاَّزها ِك ما ِك َوذ ِك‬
ٌ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫ْك ْك ْك َو ُك‬ ‫َو‬
67:13 And whether you speak quietly or loudly, certainly He
knows what is (stored) in the memories.
‫وفا ۚ ا ااَّزها ِك ما ِك َوذ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ضا يػعَوم ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اتا‬ ‫ام ِكآتااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك َو َو ْك ُك َو‬
ٌ ‫ام ا ُك ُّ َوفا َو َوم ا ُكػ ْكع ُك َو َو ُك َو‬ ‫يػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬
ُّ
64:4 He knows what is in the skies and the earth, and He
knows what you conceal and what you reveal. And Allah
knows well what is (stored) in the memories.
ُّ ‫ات‬‫يواِكياااَّز ِكآتاااػَّزه ِكرا يواِكياااػَّزه ر ِكآتاااَّز ِك ا ۚ ا وا ِك ما ِك َوذ ِك‬
ٌ ‫ْك َو ُك َو َو‬ ‫َو َو ُك ُك َو َو‬ ‫ُك ُك ْك َو‬
57:6 He merges the night with the day and He merges the
day with the night. And He has full knowledge of what is
(stored) in human memories.
‫اك ِكذ ًن ا ۖ افَوِكإ ْكفايَو َو ِكإاااَّزهُك َو‬

‫مْك ُكحاااَّزهُكاااْكَو ِكط َوا‬ٙ‫ا٘مْكِك ْكما َو َو ٰى ا َوػ ْكِك َو ا ۗ ا َو َو‬ ‫وفاافْكػَوػَو ٰى ا َو َو اااَّز ِكه َو‬
‫ْكَوـايػَو ُكقواُك َو‬
ُّ ‫ات‬ ‫ااْل َّزقا ِك َو ِك ِكِكها ۚ اإِكاَّزها ِك ما ِك َوذ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو ُكٗم ُّق ْكَو‬
42:24 Or do they say he (i.e., Prophet Muhammad) has
fabricated a lie about Allah? But if Allah had so wanted, He
would have sealed your mind. And Allah would delete the lie
and confirm the truth with His Words. Verily He knows well
what is (stored) in the memories.
‫اص ُك ُكرُك ْكما َو َوم ايػُك ْكعِكُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫رُّ َو ايػعَوم ِك‬
‫ام ا ُك ُّ ُك‬
‫َو َو َو ْك ُك َو‬
28:69 And your Lord knows what their memories conceal and
what they reveal.
‫اص ُك ُكرُك ْكما َو َوم ايػُك ْكعِكُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫إِك َّزفارَّز َو ااَو ػعَوم ِك‬
‫ام ا ُك ُّ ُك‬
‫َو َو َو ْك ُك َو‬
27:74 And verily your Lord knows what their memories hide
and what they reveal.
These verses also make it clear that sadr is the memory where
all information on the conscious activities (i.e., decisions taken
as well as activities ordered by the qalb, observations,
experience, etc.) is stored. The information must have been
stored on the chromosomes of memory cells by the same
mechanism as biosoftware is stored. Allah knows all the
information stored in human memory even if the person does
not reveal it. This is reminded through several verses quoted
above. This means one can hide nothing from Allah.
c) Mechanism of real-time recording in sadr

Insofar as the Quran informs us that one‟s conscious
actions during the test life (present life) are recorded in real
time, and that the dossier of all the deeds will be handed over
to the individual on the Day of Judgement, there must be
mechanism and provision available in human biosystem for
accomplishing this task. To that end, the Quran reveals that
there are two guards over every human being for recording his
activities in real time.
‫با َوِك ٌ اا‬ ‫إِك ْكذايػ ػَو َّزق اااْك ػَو ِّلق ِكفا ِك اااْك ِك ِك ا ِك ااا ِّل ِكؿا َوعِك ٌ ام ايػ ْك ِكف ُك ِك ٍء ِك ِك ِك‬
ٌ ‫يام ْك ا َوػ ْكوؿاإَّزَلااَو َو يْكه َوار‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ُك َو َو َو َو َو َو‬ ‫َوَو‬
50:17-18 Behold, two recipients receive one sitting on the right
and the other on the left (of a person). Not a word does he utter
without a sentinel ready by his side (to record it).
‫وفاا‬
‫ام ا َوػ ْكف َوعُك َو‬
‫وف َو‬ ‫اْلَو فِك ِكظ َو اكِكَو ًنام َو‬
‫اك ِكِك َو ايػَو ْكعَو ُك َو‬ ‫َو إِك َّزفا َو َوْك ُك ْكم َو‬
82:10-12 And verily there are guards over you, honourable
recorders (to write down your deeds). They know all that you
do.
The two guards or sentinels who do the recording are generally

interpreted by the religious scholars as angels. Based on the
computer model, it can be understood as biomemes (programs)
to do the recording. Hence „honourable recorders‟, „guards‟ or
„sentinels‟ mentioned in the verses quoted above can be
thought of as programs available in the human biosoftware
responsible for recording conscious activities of a person in his
memory (sadr) in real time. That is, these programs save the
information on conscious activities of the individual in his
sadr. The mentioning of two „sentinels‟, one on left and the
other on right, agrees well with the mode of functioning of the
brain. The brain can be divided into two symmetrical halves,
the left and the right hemispheres, joined together in the
middle. Although these two hemispheres look identical
morphologically, they are not functionally similar. Each half of
the brain controls the contralateral half of the body; i.e., the left
hemisphere controls the right hand side of the body and the
right hemisphere controls the left hand side of the body.
Therefore, the Quranic revelation of two sentinels one on the
left and the other on the right can be interpreted as the two
programs present in the brain cells (one program in each
hemisphere of the brain) to record (save) in the sadr (memory)
the conscious activities carried out by right hand side and left
hand side of the body. Nothing will be left out. Everything in
which mind is involved will be recorded in one‟s sadr. The
information stored in sadr therefore constitutes one‟s record of
conscious activities during his test life.
d) Information stored in sadr – record of one’s test

performance
The memory (sadr) stores information on all activities
an individual consciously performs during his test life on this
earth. The information retrieved from sadr therefore provides
the complete record of one‟s deeds. It is this dossier that is
handed over to the individual on the Day of Judgement. The
following verses permit us to draw such a conclusion.
‫ااْلَوْكِك ااَو َو ِكي ٌ ا َوفَو َوَلايػَو ْكعَو ُكماإِك َوذاا ػُك ْكعثِكَو ا‬
‫ب ْك‬ ‫ااْلاْك َوفااِك ِّلِكهااَو َو ودا إِكاَّزها َو ا ٰىَوذاِك ااَو ِكه ٌ ا إِكاَّزه ِك‬
‫اْلُك ِّل‬ ‫إِك َّزف ْكِك َو َو ُك ٌ َو ُك َو ٰى َو َو َو ُك‬
‫اْلَوِك ٌاا‬‫ااال ُك ِكراإِك َّزف َوارػَّز ُكه ْكم ِكاِبِك ْكمايػَو ْكوَومئِك ٍءذ َو‬
ُّ ‫ام ِكآت‬
‫ل َو َو‬ ‫َوم ِكآتاااْك ُكقُك ِك‬
‫ورا َو ُكح ِّل‬
100:6-11 Truly, man is ungrateful to his Lord. And to that
(fact) he bears witness (by his deeds). And violent is he in his
love for wealth. Does he not know when that which is (locked
up) in (human) sadr(s) is made manifest – that their Lord had
been well-acquainted with them that Day (Day of Judgement)?
17:13-14 Every man‟s fate We have fastened on his own neck.
On the Day of Judgment We will bring out for him a book (i.e.,
record or dossier), which he will find wide open. (He will be
told): “You read your record; sufficient are you today to assess
your account.”
ٌ‫اخ فِكَوا‬ ‫وف َواَل َو ِك‬

‫اَّتْك َوف ٰى امْك ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫ض َو‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬
‫يػَو ْكوَومئذا ُكػ ْكعَو ُك‬
69:18 That Day you shall be brought to judgement. Not an act
of yours that you hide will be hidden.
Besides sadr, tissues of other organs of the body also
store information (on their chromosomes) relating to their
activities, as it is mentioned in the Quran that body parts will
stand witness for the actions of the individual suggesting that
information on the activities carried out by each organ of the
body is available.
‫وفا‬ ‫آمْكِك ُكما َو َو ٰى ا َوفْكػ َووا ِك ِكه ْكما َو ُك َو ِّل ُك َو ا َويْك ِك ِكيه ْكما َو َو ْك َوه ُك ا ْكَور ُكجُك ُكه ْكم ِكاِبَو َو‬
‫اك اُكواايَو ْك ِك ُك َو‬ ‫ااْكَوػ ْكوَوـ َو‬
36:65 That Day We shall seal their mouths. But their hands
will speak to us, and their feet bear witness, to all that they did.
‫وفا َو َو اُكواا‬ ‫اك اُكواايػَو ْكع َو ُك َو‬‫ود ُك ْكم ِكاِبَو َو‬

‫ل ُكرُك ْكما َو ُكجُك ُك‬ ‫اج ُك َو ا َو ِكه َو ا َو َوْك ِكه ْكم َو‬
‫اْسْك ُكع ُكه ْكما َو َوْك َو‬ ‫اام َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوح َّز ٰىَّتاإ َوذ َو‬
‫امَّزةٍءا‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ود ِك م ِك‬
‫اَلَوا َو ِكه ْك ُكْكُتا َو َوْكػَو ا ۖ ا َو اُكواا َواْكطَوَوقَو اااَّزهُكاااَّز ِكذيا َواْكطَو َوق ُك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اخَو َوق ُك ْكما َوَّز َوؿ َو‬
‫اك َّزا َو ْك ا َو ُك َوو َو‬ ‫ْلُكُك ْك‬
‫ود ُكك ْكما‬
‫اجُك ُك‬
‫ل ُكرُكك ْكما َوَوَل ُك‬ ‫اكْكُك ْكما َو ْك َوِك ُك َوفا ْكَوفايَو ْك َوه َو ا َو َوْك ُك ْكم َو‬
‫اْسْك ُكع ُك ْكما َوَوَلا َوْك َو‬ ‫َو إِكاَوْك ِكها ػُك ْك َوج ُكع َو‬
‫وفا َو َوم ُك‬
‫وفا َو ٰىَوذاِك ُك ْكماظَوُّ ُك ُكماااَّز ِكذياظَوَوػْكُك ْكما ِكَوِّل ُك ْكما ْكَورَود ُكاك ْكما‬ ‫َوفاااَّزه َواَلايػعَوم َو ِك‬
‫اكثِك ًنااِمَّز ا َوػ ْكع َو ُك َو‬ ‫َو اَو ْك اظَوَوػْكُك ْكما َّز َو َو ْك ُك‬
‫ٰى ِك‬
‫َوصَو ْكحُك ْكم ِكام َو ْك‬
‫فَوأ ْك‬
41:20-23 At length, when they reach the (Fire), their hearing,
their sight, and their skins will bear witness against them, as to
(all) their deeds. They will say to their skins: Why you bear
witness against us? They will say: (Allah) has given us speech;
(He) Who gives speech to everything: He created you for the
first time and to Him you are to return. You did not seek to
hide yourselves, lest your hearing, your sight, and your skins
should bear witness against you! But you did think that Allah
knew not many of the things that you used to do! But this
thought of yours which you did entertain concerning your
Lord, has brought you to destruction, and (now) you have
become those utterly lost!
This implies that the chromosomes in human body cells have
excess memory space over and above that is required for
storing the biosoftware. The chromosomes in the cells of
various tissues of the organs must be storing information on the
biochemical reactions pertaining to the acivities carried out by
the respective organs. Retrieval of that information can
produce the record of those activities. It is presumed that
irrespective of the genre (e.g., biological software, acquired
information, etc.), information is stored on the chromosome by
the same mechanism although we cannot say what the
mechanism is.
e) Locations of mind (qalb) and memory (sadr)

Where are the qalb and sadr located? The Quran
reveals that the qalb is located in sadr.
‫وف ِكاِبَو ا ۖ افَوِكإا َوػَّزه َواَلا‬ ‫وبايػَو ْكع ِكقُك َو‬

‫وف ِكاِبَو ا َوْك اآذَوا ٌفايَو ْك َو ُكع َو‬ ٌ ‫اَلُك ْكما ُكػُك‬
‫وف َو‬
‫ضافَوػَو ُك َو‬‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َوفَوػَومايَو ِك ِك‬
‫ااال ُك ارِك‬ ‫ِك‬
ُّ ‫وبااا ِكِتآت‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬
‫ل ُكرا َو اَو ْك ا َوػ ْكع َو اااْك ُكقُك ُك‬ ‫ااْلَوْك َو‬
‫َوػ ْكع َو ْك‬
22:46 Had they not travelled through the earth so that they
would have minds with which they could understand and ears
with which they could hear? Truly it is not their eyes that are
blind but their minds that are in their memories.
Since qalb is situated in sadr, if we can find out the
location of one, the location of the other can also be found out.
The Quran throws some light on the location of sadr.
‫امْك ُك ًنورا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ۖ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬
17:13 Every man‟s fate We have fastened on his own neck: On
the Day of Judgment We shall bring out for him a scroll, which
he will see spread open.
This verse associates one‟s fate with the scroll (record of one‟s
activities) to be produced on the Day of Judgement. One‟s fate,
whether he will go to Heaven or Hell, is determined by this
record. Therefore, it can be deduced that the „fate‟ implies the
record of one‟s activities. Since the Quranic verses 100:6-11
(quoted above) reveal that it is sadr that forms the dossier of a
person, the revelation that “Every man‟s fate We have fastened
on his neck” (Q. 17:13) points to the location of sadr
somewhere in the neck region. It may be the lower part of the
brain that is indicated in the verse. In that case, the probable
location of sadr will be cerebellum (Fig. 11.1). This, in turn,
would suggest that the qalb, which resides in the sadr, is also
situated in cerebellum. Thus we may consider cerebellum as
the most probable location of qalb and sadr. Mind may be
thought of as separate organ situated in the memory tissue.
Going by this reasoning, the cerebellum must be a hub
of information processing and transmission of commands for
voluntary (conscious) activities. The available literature on
cerebellum does give some indication of that. The cerebellum
is located in the hindbrain at the base of the skull nearest to the
neck. It is also called “little brain”. The cerebellum contains
nearly 50% of all neurons in the brain, although it constitutes
about 10% of total brain volume.
Fig. 11.1. Cerebellum – probable location of mind (qalb) and memory

(sadr)
The cerebellum receives about 200 million input fibers;
in contrast, the optic nerve is composed of a mere one million
fibers [6]. It coordinates voluntary movements (e.g. walking,
posture and speech) and is important for learning motor
(skilled) behaviours [7]. These are conscious voluntary
activities commanded by the qalb. The cerebellum is
comparable with a powerful computer, capable of making
contributions to both motor dexterity and mental prowess of
humans. It handles an enormous amount of information
received by it and after processing sends out decisions (output
information) to various other regions of the brain, telling them
what to do and when to do it [8]. All these tasks compare well
with the functions of the qalb and are therefore suggestive of
the location of qalb in cerebellum. More studies are however
required to confirm the exact location of human mind and
memory.
In the translations of the verses quoted above, I have
given meanings of the words qalb and sadr as mind and
memory respectively. The messages carried in those verses
permit us to assign those meanings to these words
scientifically. The literal meaning of the word „qalb‟ is heart
and that of „sadr‟ is chest. In his Quran translation, Yusuf Ali
translates the word sadr as breast. Occasionally qalb is also

translated as mind. It may be noted that people irrespective of
the language they speak generally refer to mind as heart. It
could be in common parlance the words qalb and sadr are used
in the Quran. Nevertheless the descriptions and functions of
„qalb‟ and „sadr‟ given in the Quran do indicate that qalb is
mind, and sadr is memory. In reality heart is not mind. If that
were not the case, a heart-transplanted patient would be living
with the mind of another person (the donor), and a patient
implanted with total artificial heart would be living without
mind! This is not true. If heart is mind, a person put on
artificial heart will not be able to perform mental activities and
experience feelings. But in reality the individual does perform
mental activities and experience feelings. Therefore, the
current understanding of the words qalb and sadr as heart and
chest needs change for the better. These words have to be taken
to mean mind and memory respectively. The computer model
of human biosystem helps to understand the implied meanings
of these words in the Quran as well as the divine purposes of
these organs in relation to human robot testing.
It may be noted that mind is the only part in the human
body that is conscious and every other part is unconscious. It is
the only thing in the whole universe that is bestowed with
freedom to take decision and act on its own. No other thing in
the whole universe is created that way. The rest of the universe
functions as programmed by Allah. (It is however not known
whether jinn has mind. Nothing is mentioned about this in the
Quran.)
f) Faculties of seeing and hearing
Since man alone has mind, he alone can generate
conscious perception and experience. Seeing and hearing are
conscious perceptions. Feel of touch, smell and taste are also
conscious perceptions. The Quran unambiguously states that
Allah made faculties of hearing, seeing and feeling only for
man. No other species has these faculties. In other words, these
are unique features of Homo sapiens. This will be made clear

from the following verses.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ُك ْك ا ُك َوواااَّز ِكذيا َواْك َو أ ُك‬
‫ل َورا َو ْكاْلَوفْكئ َو ةَوا ۖ ا َو ًنَل َو‬
‫ام ا َو ْك ُك ُك َوفا‬ ‫َوك ْكما َو َوج َوع َوااَو ُك ُكمااا َّز ْك َوعا َو ْكاْلَوْك َو‬
67:23 Say: It is He who created you and made for you (the
faculties of) hearing, seeing and feeling. Little thanks it is you
give.
‫ِك‬
‫ل ًنراا َو َوفْكئِك َو ةًنافَو َو ا َو ْك َو ٰىَنا َوْكػ ُكه ْكما‬
‫اْسْك ًنع ا َو َوْك َو‬ ‫ام َّز َّز ُكك ْكمافِك ِكها َو َوج َوع ْكَو َو‬
‫اَلُك ْكم َو‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ام َّز َّز ُك ْكماف َو اإ ْكف َو‬ ‫َو اَو َوق ْك َو‬
‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ااٖم َوح ُك َوفا آيَو تاااَّزها َو َوح َوؽاِب ْكم َو‬
‫ام ا‬ ‫اك اُكو َوْك‬ ‫ل ُكرُك ْكما َوَوَلا َوفْكئِك َو ػُك ُكه ْكم ِكام ْك ا َو ْك ٍء اإِك ْكذ َو‬‫َوْسْك ُكع ُكه ْكما َوَوَلا َوْك َو‬
‫َوك اُكواا ِكِكهايَو ْك َوػ ْكه ِكئُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
46:26 And We had given them (certain) conveniences which
We had not given to you and We had endowed them with
(faculties of) hearing, seeing and feeling. But their (faculties
of) hearing, seeing and feeling did not benefit them at all as
they went on denying the verses of Allah. And they were
(completely) encircled by what they had been mocking at.
‫ااَّت َوذاإِك ٰىَوَلها واها َوضَّزهاااَّزها َو ا ِك ْك ٍءما خ ما َو َو ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اْسْكعها َو َوػ ْكِكها َو َوج َوع َوا َو َو ٰى ا َو َو‬
‫ل ِكهِكا‬ ‫َو َو َو َو َو ٰى‬ ‫ام ِك َّزَو َوُك َو َو ُك َو َو ُك ُك َو ٰى‬ ‫ت َو‬ ‫َوفَوػَوَويْك َو‬
‫ِك َو َوةًنافَو َو ْك ايػَو ْكه ِك ِكيه ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِكاااَّز ِكها ۚ ا َوفَو َوَلا َو َوذ َّزكُك َواف‬
45:23 Did you see the one who took his lust as his god? Allah
has left him astray deliberately and sealed his hearing and his
mind, and put a cover on his sight. Then who can guide him
after Allah (has left him astray)? Will you not then think?
‫ل َورا َو ْكاْلَوفْكئ َو َوةا ۚ ا َو ًنَل َو‬
32:9 Then He fashioned him (i.e., Adam) in due proportion
and breathed into him from His rooh. And He made for you
(the faculties of) hearing, seeing and feeling. Little thanks it is

you give!
‫َو ُك َوواااَّزذيا َواْك َو أَوااَو ُك ُكمااا َّز ْك َوعا َو ْكاْلَوْك َو‬
‫ل َورا َو ْكاْلَوفْكئ َو ةَوا ۚ ا َو ًنَل َو‬
‫ام ا َو ْك ُك ُك َوفا‬
23:78 It is He who made for you (the faculties of) hearing,
seeing and feeling. Little thanks it is you give!
‫ام ْك ئُك ًنوَلا‬ ‫اك ُّا ُك ٰىاَوئِك َو َو‬
‫اك َوفا َوْكهُك َو‬ ‫لَو ا َوااْك ُكف َو َواد ُك‬ ‫ِكِك ِك‬
‫سااَو َو ا ها ْك ٌما ۚ اإِك َّزفااا َّز ْك َوعا َوااْكَو َو‬
‫ام ااَوْك َو‬
‫َوَوَلا َوػ ْكق ُك َو‬
17:36 And do not pursue anything about which you have no
knowledge. Indeed every act of hearing, seeing and feeling will
be enquired into (on the Day of Reckoning).
‫وفا‬ ‫ود ُك ْكم ِكاِبَو َو‬
‫اك اُكواايػَو ْكع َو ُك َو‬ ‫ل ُكرُك ْكما َو ُكجُك ُك‬ ‫اج ُك َو ا َو ِكه َو ا َو َوْك ِكه ْكم َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوح َّز ٰىَّتاإذَو َو‬
41:20 When they reach near the (Fire), (the faculties of) their
hearing and their sight, and their skins will bear witness over
them about their deeds.
‫ود ُكك ْكما َو ٰىاَو ِك ْك اظَوَوػْكُك ْكما َّز‬

‫َوفا‬ ‫اجُك ُك‬
‫اْسْك ُكع ُك ْكما َوَوَلا َوْك َو‬ ‫َو َوم ُك‬
‫اكثِك ِك‬
‫ااِمَّز ا َوػ ْكع َو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫َّز‬
‫اا هَو َواَلايػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو ًن‬
41:22 You did not hide yourself (thinking) that your hearing,
your sight, and your skins will bear witness over you! But you
thought that Allah did not know most of the things that you
were doing!
‫ل َورا‬ ‫وفا َّزُكم َوه ِك ُك ْكم َواَلا َوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬
‫وفا َو ْكئًن ا َو َوج َوع َوااَو ُك ُكمااا َّز ْك َوعا َو ْكاْلَوْك َو‬
‫ااَّزها َوخ ج ُك م ِكام ا طُك ِك‬
‫َو ُك ْك َو َو ْك ْك ُك‬
‫َو ْكاْلَوفْكئِك َو ةَوا ۙ ااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َو ْك ُك ُك َواف‬
16:78 It is Allah who brought you out from your mothers‟
wombs when you knew nothing. And He gave you (the
faculties of) hearing, sight and feeling so that you become
grateful (to Him).
‫ااْلَو َّز ِكام َو ا‬
‫ِكج ْك‬ ‫ا٘مْك ُك‬
‫ل َورا َو َوم ْك ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫مْك ُك ااا َّز ْك َوعا َو ْكاْلَوْك َو‬ٙ‫ضا َّزَوم ْك َوا‬ ‫ام ْك ايػَوْك ُكزُك ُك ْكم ِكام َو ااا َّز َو ِك ا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬‫ُك ْك َو‬
‫وفاااَّزهُكا ۚ افَوػ ُكق ْك ا َوفَو َوَلا َوػ ػ ُك‬
‫َّزق َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ااْل ْكَومَو ا ۚ افَو َو َوػ ُكقواُك َو‬
‫ااْلَو ِّل ا َو َوم ْك ايُك َو ػِّلُك ْك‬
‫تام َو ْك‬‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ِكجاااْك َو ِّل َو‬
‫ااْك َو ِّلتا َو ُك٘مْك ُك‬
10:31 Ask (them): Who gives you sustenance from the sky
and from the earth or who controls (the faculties of) hearing
and the sight? And who produces the living from the dead and
the dead from the living? And who regulates all affairs? Then
they will say, “Allah”. Say: Do you not then fear (Him)?
‫ام ْك اإِكٰىاَوهٌا َوْكػُك اااَّز ِكهايَوأْك ِك ُك ْكما ِكِكها‬
‫ل َورُكك ْكما َو َوخَو َوما َو َو ٰى ا ُكػُكوِك ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫ُك ْك ا َوَورَويْكػُك ْكماإِك ْكفا َو‬
‫َوخ َوذاااَّزهُك َو‬
‫اْسْك َوع ُك ْكما َو َوْك َو‬
‫ل ِكفُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫اّتَّزا ُك ْكمايَو ْك‬
‫ت ُك‬ ‫ااْلي ِك‬
‫ؼ ْك َو‬ ‫لِّل ُك‬
‫اكْك َو ااُك َو‬‫ۗ اااْكظُكْك َو‬
6:46 Say: You see, if Allah took away (the faculties of) your
hearing and your sight and sealed up your minds, then which
god other than Allah can restore them to you? See how We
explain the revelations; yet they turn away.
‫ام َو ْكواافِك ِكها َو إِكذَواا َوظْكَو َوما َو َوْك ِكه ْكما َو ُكمواا ۚ ا َو اَو ْكوا‬
‫اَلُك ْكم َو‬ ‫اكَّز َو ا َو‬
‫َوض َو َو‬ ‫ل َورُك ْكما ۖ ُك‬ ‫ا٘مْكطَو ُك ا َوْك َو‬
‫يَو َو ُكداااْكَوػ ْك ُكؽ َو‬
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا َو ِكيٌا‬ ‫ل ِكرِك ْكما ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو َو ٰى ُك‬ ‫َو اااَّزهااَو َوذ ِك ِك‬
‫با َو ْك ع ِكه ْكما َو َوْك َو‬ ‫َو ُك َو َو‬
2:20 The lightning grows to almost snatching away their
eyesight. Every time they are given light, they walk in it and
when it was made dark to them, they would stand still. And if
Allah had willed, He would have removed their faculties of
hearing and sight. Verily, Allah has power over all things.
‫ابا َو ِكظ ٌما‬ ‫اْسعِك ِكهما ۖ ا َو ا َو ِك ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬
ٌ ‫ل ِكر ْكما َو َوةٌا ۖ ا َو َوَلُك ْكما َو َوذ‬
‫َوخَو َوماااَّزهُكا َو َو ٰى ا ُكػُكوِب ْكما َو َو َو ٰى َوْك ْك َو َو ٰى ْك َو‬
2:7 Allah has put a seal on their minds and on their hearing.
And a veil is there on their eyes. They have a great penalty.
g) Ability to speak and write
The Quran further reveals that man is given the ability
to speak and write. These are the two means of communication
between human individuals. This means that Adam‟s nafs, the
source of biological information to human species, contains
programs for speech and writing. The verse 55:4 informs that
Allah taught man to speak.
‫َو َّز َو هُكاااْكَوػَو َوفا‬
55:4 He taught him to speak.
The Quran also informs that Allah taught man how to write (Q.
96:3-5).
‫اَلْكايػَو ْكعَو ْكماا‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫َوك ُكـاااَّز ِكذيا َو َّزما ِك اْك َوقَو ِكما َو َّزم ْكِك‬
‫ااْلاْك َو َوف َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ااْل ْك َو‬
‫ا ْكػَوْكا َو َورُّ َو ْك‬
96:3-5 Read! And your Lord is most generous, who taught (the
use of) the pen; taught man what he did not know.
These abilities are also unique to human species. The Quran
informs us that Allah has designed a number of languages for
man.
30:22 And among His signs are the creation of the skies and
the earth, and the variations in your languages and your
colours. Verily in that are signs for those with knowledge.
It is with the help of language man communicates with one

another. Speaking and writing are two modes of
communication, and language forms the software for both
these processes.
Comparison of human and animal biosystems

From the foregoing, it is evident that Allah has
endowed human biosystem with several unique features and
skills. These include mind, memory, language, faculties of
seeing, hearing and feeling, abilities to speak and write,
consciousness, intelligence and freewill. Human mind and
memory have been the subjects of intensive research in
science. As yet we do not have definite information on these
most vital components of human biosystem. There is no single
explanation for the phenomenon of mind. The contemporary
views about mind in neuroscience, psychology, philosophy and
cybernetics are different. They all have different interpretations
of mind and consciousness. Although we consider
consciousness, thinking power, reasoning, perception,
judgement, etc., as mental faculties, we have not been able to

generate definite information on these aspects in science.
Further it is still debated whether mind is physical or not. It is
again the Quran that provides us with important information on
both mind and memory.
It is the Quran that reveals to us human mind is
physical and is located in the memory tissues. The Quran
further reveals to us that conscious perception, information
processing, freewill, understanding, and generation of feelings,
etc., are its attributes. Equally important is the revelation that
human memory is where real-time recording of the conscious
activities of a human individual is going on. It forms the
repertoire of one‟s activities carried out at the behest of mind
and constitutes the record of one‟s performance during the test
life for evaluation on the Day of Judgement. Although memory
is distinguished as short-term, long-term, etc., in science, the
Quran informs us that all our conscious activities are
permanently stored in memory and the entire information is
retrieved at death as it forms the record of one‟s performance
during his test life.
It is generally believed that if the organ(s) required for
some function is available in an organism it will be able to
carry out that function. For example, explanations and
interpretations made by evolutionists from fossil records bank
on such assumption. If a fossil shows structures relating to
wings, it will be interpreted that the organism is capable of
flight. This is far from true. We all have two hands but not all
of us are ambidextrous. That is, not all of us can use both hands
equally well. Most of us use right hand for most purposes.
Very few people use both right and left hands equally well
indicating they have programs for the functioning of both
hands. This means separate programs are required for
development of a structure and its functioning. If the program
for development of a structure is available in a biosystem, the
structure will develop. But it will not function unless the
program for its functioning is available in the biomemome.

This is quite similar to the functioning of computer hardware.
In a computer system mere availability of hardware is not
enough for its functioning. Unless the system has the necessary
software installed in it, hardware will not function. Take the
case of a printer connected to a computer. The printer will not
work just because it is connected to the computer. It will work
only if appropriate software package for its functioning is
available in the computer. The computer model also helps to
explain scientifically the unique features of human biosystem
revealed through the Quran.
The Quranic statement of “Allah taught man how to
speak and how to write” (Q. 55:4, 96:3-5 quoted above) must
be seen as allegorical expression of installing the required
software for these tasks. “Teaching a computer system” means
“installation of appropriate software” in the system. If you have
installed the print software in your PC, you can say you have
taught the system how to print. Thus the word “teach” in the
Quran denotes installation of appropriate program in human
biosystem. This means that Adam‟s nafs does contain all the
programs necessary for performing tasks like speaking,
writing, etc.
The verse on teaching how to speak has much wider
connotation. It implies that whatever languages man should
speak were also uploaded in Adam‟s bisystem. One estimate
shows human beings can learn more than 10,000 languages! In
other words, that many languages are included in Adam‟s nafs.
Man cannot invent a language other than what is given in
Adam‟s nafs. The development of language is quite like the
development of science and technology through discoveries
and inventions (see chapter 12). When a language is invented
(developed), it provides information about its alphabets, words,
meaning, grammer, etc. Subsequently, when we learn a
language we are effectively installing in our sadr a software for
communication.
Similarly Allah has also taught us how to read (Q.

96:3). All these verses about “teaching” imply that Allah had
included the appropriate programs in the human biosoftware
(i.e., Adam‟s nafs). That is why human beings are able to
speak, read and write.
The transformation of information stored in our
memory from its intangible form into tangible form by the
human biosystem can also be understood in comparison with
computer or robot system. The information we store on the
hard disk of a computer exists in intangible form (in machine
language). We install appropriate software (also in machine
language) in the computer to transform the intangible
information stored as file on the hard disk into tangible audio
or visual form in a language our mind can process. That way
our mind understands that information. In the human
biosystem, information is downloaded from the sadr onto the
qalb of the individual in tangible form in the language(s)
installed (learned) in the system. Similarly, voice box of a
person produces signals (information) which can be
transformed using the audio biomemes in the biosoftware into
tangible sound frequency in the language one knows. Likewise
while writing, appropriate program comes into operation to
transform the intangible information stored in sadr into visual
form, i.e., in the form of alphabets of a language. If it is
drawing, the hand will be creating the tangible picture on a
paper. The hand is literally producing a tangible hard copy of
the intangible information stored in one‟s memory. We can say
while writing and drawing, hand functions like a printer. The
meaning of “Allah taught us to read, write and speak” can be
explained in this way in the light of computer analogy.
If we examine human body in the light of these unique
features, it will be possible to understand the kind of biosystem
Allah has created to serve Him. Human mind can choose what
it wants and direct the system to act. These are the voluntary
actions of the individual. Therefore it goes without saying that
every individual has to be tested for his willingness to obey

Allah (i.e., His instructions in the Scripture) before he is
chosen to serve Him. It is to this test man is subjected to in this
life. One has to prove himself to Allah that he is His obedient
servant. The test is in fact the test of mind.
Since Allah has given mind only to man, which imparts
consciousness, it follows that animals are unconscious beings.
Further as already discussed, Allah has given the faculties of
seeing and hearing only to man (see Q. 67:23 quoted above).
That would mean animals do not see as we see and hear as we
hear even though they have eyes and ears (Q. 7:179).
‫وف ِكاِبَو ا َو َوَلُك ْكما َو ْك ُك ٌ َواَلا‬
‫وب َواَلايػَو ْكف َوق ُكه َو‬ ‫سا ۖ َو‬
ٌ ‫اَلُك ْكما ُكػُك‬ ‫اْلاْك ِك‬‫ااْلِك ِّل ا َو ْكِك‬ ‫اكثِك ِك‬
‫اام َو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو اَو َوق ْك ا َوذ َورْكاَو اْلَو َوه َو‬
‫َّزم َو ًن‬
‫َوض ُّا ۚ ا ُك ٰىاَوئِك َو ا ُك ُكما‬ ‫وف ِكاِبَو ا ۚ ا ُك ٰىاَوئِك َو َو‬
‫اك ْكْلَواْكػ َوع ِكـا َو ْك ا ُك ْكما َو‬ ‫لُك َوف ِكاِبَو ا َو َوَلُك ْكماآذَوا ٌف َواَلايَو ْك َو ُكع َو‬‫يػ ِك‬
‫ُكْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ااْكغَو فُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
7:179 We have made many of the jinns and human beings for
Hell. They have minds with which they do not understand, they
have eyes with which they do not see and they have ears with
which they do not hear. They are like cattle; nay more
misguided. They are the heedless people.
The same message is conveyed in a different way through
verse 25:44 also.
‫اك ْكْلَواْكػ َوع ِكـا ۖ ا َو ْك ا ُك ْكما َو‬

‫َوض ُّا‬ ‫وفا َوْك ايػَو ْكع ِكقُك َو‬
‫وفا ۚ اإِك ْكفا ُك ْكماإِكَّزَل َو‬ ‫َوكثَوػَو ُك ْكمايَو ْك َو ُكع َو‬ ‫با َّز‬
‫َوفا ْك‬ ‫ْكَوـا َوْك َو ُك‬
‫َوسِك ًنا‬
‫َل‬
25:44 Or do you think that most of them do listen or
understand? They are only like cattle; nay, they are farther off
the (righteous) path.
How can these messages be explained? A comparison of
human and animal biosystems in the light of computer model
would help explain these messages in the right perspective. It
may be noted that biosoftwarewise and hence biohardwarewise
(i.e., phenotype), man and animal are two distinctly different
biosystems. Since the animal biosystem does not have a

conscious processor (mind), all its functions are unconscious
ones. In other words, an animal has only an unconscious
Central Processing Unit (CPU) to direct and control its
functions. The functions include both internally executed
house-keeping functions (biological activities like digestion,
blood circulation, etc.) as well as externally performed
activities (e.g., movement, eating, etc.). On the other hand,
human biosystem has both CPU that controls house-keeping or
life-sustaining activities and mind that controls voluntary or
conscious activities. Since house-keeping functions going on
inside human biosystem are controlled by the CPU, man is not
aware of them. He is aware of only those activities directed by
mind. In fact it is mind itself and no other part of the body that
is conscious of the activities performed as per its directives. In
view of the differences in the processors, the mechanisms
involved in the functioning of animal and human biosystems
will also be different. The Quranic revelations such as “animal
does not see or hear as man does” must be therefore examined
and explained in the light of the differences in system
configuration revealed through the Quran.
Although animals have external data input ports like
eye, ear, etc., the signals coming through them from outside are
processed by the CPU and not by mind and hence do not result
in conscious perception of the environment (Fig. 11.2). A
signal arising from inside or outside of the system is an
abioswitch that actuates the biomeme(s) concerned in the cells.
The CPU processes it in accordance with the biosoftware and
gives orders to appropriate hardware component (organ) for
action. This is an action performed unconsciously as in man-
made robot. The animals are thus comparable to man-made
robots in their mode of functioning. They do not feel or
experience anything (i.e., conscious perception) and are not
aware of themselves as well as their surroundings. The
performance of the animal biosystem is purely mechanical.
Animal biosystem
Input CPU
ports
Commands
Organs
Human biosystem
Input CPU Qalb

ports (Mind)
Commands
Sadr
(Memory)
Organs
Fig. 11.2. Contrast between animal and human biosystems
The universe is nothing but information – the divine

instructions carried by the energy. The world around us is
basically without sound, colour, taste, size, etc. If a flower
appears to us as beautiful (a mental feeling or experience) it is
our mind that creates that image and feeling based on our
biosoftware. The natural things are intrinsically neither good
nor bad, neither beautiful nor ugly, neither sweet nor bitter. It is
human mind that confers these characteristics to the outside
world in accordance with the biosoftware. Allah designed the

human biosoftware (Adam‟s nafs) and mind that way.
A signal received from the environment through an
input port acts as abioswitch, which activates the biomeme(s)
concerned in the body cells. It is then processed by the mind
(and not by the CPU) in accordance with the actuated program
resulting in conscious perception. Thus conscious perception
occurs only in human beings and man alone perceives the
world with colour, sound, etc., and no other species does. The
Quranic message mentioned above that Allah made faculties of
hearing, seeing, feeling and understanding only for man (Q.
67:23) points to that. The Quran (Q. 7:179) further implies that
mere possession of organs like eye and ear is not enough to
provide the system with faculties of seeing and hearing.
Animal has organs like eye and ear but they do not see or hear
as we do (Q. 7:179; 25:44).
All cases of conscious perception are effectively mental
constructs like the creation process itself; i.e., transformation of
intangible (ghayb) information into tangible (shahadat) form.
The mind also distinguishes between the internally inputted
signals and externally inputted information (through five
sensory organs) in their mode of projection. While internally
inputted signal (e.g., pain signal) is transformed into conscious
perception with respect to the point of origin of that signal
inside the body, the externally inputted signal is transformed
into tangible form with respect to its location of origin outside
of the biosystem.
Let us take an example. Consider an object, which we
see as red. In reality the object is not red. It only emits or
reflects electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength region of
about 600 nm. The electromagnetic radiation is a signal
carrying divine information. This signal enters the human
biosystem through eyes, acts as abioswitch and actuates
specific biomeme(s) which is processed by the mind to create
red image on the mental screen. Thus we see it as red. To put it
differently, if the signal has been specified for actuating the

biomeme for green colour, mind would have created green
image of the object. Audio signals entering through ears also
undergo similar pathways. Take another example, the taste we
experience when a substance comes into contact with the cells
of our tongue or the so-called taste buds. The abiomemes
(chemical structures) in the food substance we eat actuate
specific biomemes in the tongue cells and they come into
operation. The mind processes it and experiences the taste in
accordance with the biosoftware. The biomemes included in
human biosoftware must be inconceivably large. Just think of
the ranges in colour, smell, taste, sound, pain, feelings we
experience, to mention but a few! Further Allah has fixed in
our biosoftware thresholds and maxima for the signals that
create all these experiences. For instance, there is minimum
intensity (threshold value) required for the sound wave to
create audibility in man although this value may vary slightly
from individual to individual. What does this indicate? This
indicates that the audibility and the sound volume we
experience depend on the specific biomemes in our
biosoftware. For instance if the threshold value for the auditory
signal creates a thousand-fold more volume, we would have
heard a sound thousand times louder than what we experience
now. Coupled with that, it would have also permitted a lot of
noise (background interference) to become audible. We should
therefore realize that all these aspects are so finely and
meticuluously taken care of by the Omnipotent Creator in
designing Adam‟s nafs – the source of bioinformation in
human species. The Quranic message that Allah made faculties
of hearing, seeing, feeling and understanding only for man can
be explained that way.
Information is stored in our memory in intangible form
(as in computer hard disk) and not in any human language.
During thought process the intangible information is
transmitted down to the mind in tangible form in a chosen
language. Obviously there should be a program to translate
information into one‟s chosen language as well as to decide

and regulate the flow of information onto the mind. This
program may be referred to as „guidance program‟ that controls
the flow of both a priori (that reached via germ line) and a
posteriori (acquired through experience) information stored in
the memory of the individual (see also chapters 12 and 16).
Any information or signal „viewed‟ by the qalb (i.e.,
transmitted to mind) is a conscious activity and any action
commanded by the qalb is also a conscious activity. It is mind
that takes decision to act as it is bestowed with freewill. The
decision is transmitted to the CPU which, in turn, activates the
concerned tissues/organs for action (Fig. 11.2). If nothing is
communicated, no action will result. The decision taken by
mind (whether it is for an action or for no action) also forms a
conscious activity.
The computer concept also allows us to define the
phenomenon of sleep. Sleep may be thought of as the result of
temporary cessation of transmission of biomemetic information
(resulting from the actuation of biomemes by abiomemes) to
the mind. Signals arising from both inside (e.g., pain) and
outside of the system (audio, olfactory, tactile and taste) are cut
off from mind. Since eyes are closed during sleep, light cannot
enter them. Even if eyes are open during sleep, the light that
enters them cannot reach mind. This is a temporary functional
and not physical severance of the connection with mind. Since
no signal reaches the mind, it remains in an unconscious state
oblivious of the external world while the house-keeping
functions will go on uninterrupted as they are carried out by
CPU. The biosystem is in „sleep‟ mode.
Although the processor mind is cut off from all these
signals, it is still functionally connected to sadr. Both a priori
and a posteriori kinds of data and information can get
transmitted from memory to mind in sleep. This results in the
production of dream. Dream is a mental construct generated
from the stored data and information transmitted from the
memory (sadr) much like the computer projects a video clip on

its monitor from the data stored on its hard disk. When it is
awake (i.e., when sensory organs are functionally connected to
mind), mind generates the image, sound, etc. about the world
around it directly from the data (signals originating from
outside of the biosystem) received by it via sensory organs
(eyes, ears, etc.).
Cartesians consider animals as „mere automata‟ that
lack minds. This view of Descartes, seventeenth century
French philosopher and mathematician, is based on the failure
of animals to use language conversationally or reason
generally. On this basis he claimed that nothing in animal
behaviour requires a non-mechanical (mental) explanation;
hence he saw no reason to attribute possession of mind to
animals [9]. According to Carruthers [10, 11], all animal
behaviour can be assimilated to the non-conscious activities of
humans such as driving while distracted. An example of „action
under unconsciousness” in human beings is „sleepwalking or
somnambulism‟. Sleepwalking is a common arousal disorder
especially in children. The activities of sleepwalkers are not
limited to walking alone; they may perform several complex
activities such as cooking and eating food, getting into
automobiles, washing clothes, feeding pets, physical and verbal
attack of others, etc. Somnambulists are usually unaware of
their activities. After waking up also, most people cannot
recollect even the conversations they had with others [12]. In
sleep, as already mentioned, the processor mind (qalb) is
functionally severed from outside world and no signal from
outside reaches it. Obviously the activities of somnambulist are
unconscious activities and can be attributed to CPU. They are
comparable with the house-keeping functions carried out by the
CPU. The human biosystem operates like animal biosystem
during sleepwalking with CPU in full control. Since qalb is not
involved, these activities are not saved in the memory (sadr).
As a result, the individual cannot remember (retrieval of
information to qalb from sadr) them also.
Only humans are unquestionably regarded to possess a

„theory of mind‟ (ToM). An individual is said to have ToM if
it acts as if it understood that other individuals have mental
states and if it is able to interpret these states in the appropriate
context and intentionally modify its behaviour accordingly
[13].
Certain animals can be trained to perform tasks that are
not governed by their bioprograms. The famous story of the
dog that Ivan Pavlov trained to salivate upon sounding a bell
just prior to bringing food to it falls in this category. In the
normal course (before training), the dog would not have
salivated upon hearing the bell. It would salivate only at the
sight of the food in accordance with its biosoftware. During
training, the bell-food connection formed a rule and it is saved
in its memory (random access memory). Subsequently, when it
heard the sound of the bell, the CPU responded in accordance
with the new rule by sending commands for salivation in
anticipation of the food. This is not a conscious learning
process but is one of conditioned reflux. True, an animal also
stores in its memory the information it receives from the
environment. Such information as permitted for storage by the
biosoftware of the animal is required for the analysis of the
environment around it by the CPU and hence for its very
existence.
The Quranic revelation of absence of feelings (afidat)
in animals (Q. 67:23) has more significance than meets the eye
particularly in respect of pain, which is also a conscious
perception or experience. We think of animal system much like
ours and hence we believe that they also have feelings as we
do. But the Quran does not say so. The activities of an animal
can be likened to the activities of a somnambulist. An animal is
mere automata like our robot and does not experience feelings
including pain. Animal does not have mind to create feeling, a
conscious experience. A striking observation in this regard is
that the male and female members of an animal species do not
exhibit any sign of sexual arousal or attraction towards the

opposite sex although they are fully naked. They are sexually
activated only for the purpose of reproduction as prescribed in
their biosoftware and they do it unconsciously like
programmed robots. A dog when beaten produces crying sound
and runs away. We attribute its response (crying and fleeing) to
the pain it felt because we interpret it from human angle. That
is not correct. We should realize that such responses can be
created even without experiencing pain. For example, we often
see persons watching a tragedy scene in a film get tears in their
eyes. This is because the signals emanating from the scene
create sorrowful feeling in them as they think that actors
involved have suffered a lot, but in reality they had not. An
animal‟s case is similar to that. An animal‟s outward
expressions by way of crying, running, etc., are not because it
felt pain but because it is programmed that way. Our robots can
also be programmed to create such responses when beaten.
That does not mean the robots feel pain. Thus based on the
Quranic revelation it can be inferred that since animals do not
have qalb, they do not have consciousness and hence do not
experience feelings including pain. Most Merciful Allah‟s
permission (Q. 5:1, 5:3) to kill animals (barring the banned
ones) by pronouncing His name for our food and other
purposes (e.g., animal sacrifice in hajj) must be viewed in this
light.
‫اِبِك ُك ْك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوع ـاإَّزَل َو‬
‫ام ايػُكْكػَو ٰى ا َو َوْك ُك ْكما َوْكػَو ا‬ ‫تااَو ُك ْكم َو َو‬ ‫اآمُكواا َوْك فُكواا ِك اْك ُكع ُكقودا ۚ ا ُكحَّز ْك‬
‫ُكِكُمِّل َّز ِك‬
‫ام ايُكِكي ُكا‬ ‫احُك ٌـا ۗ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَو َوْك‬
‫اٗم ُك ُكم َو‬ ‫ااالْك ا َو َواْكػُك ْكم ُك‬
5:1 O believers! … Lawful to you (for food) are animals with
the exceptions mentioned to you. Hunting is forbidden while
you are in sacred pilgrimage (hajj or umrah). Verily Allah
directs what He intends.
‫ااْلِكْك ِكي ِك ا َو َوم ا ُك ِك َّزااِكغَو ْكِك اااَّز ِكها ِكِكها َوااْك ُك ْك َوخِك َوق ُكا َوااْك َو ْكوُكو َوذةُكا‬
‫َّزـا َو َوْلْك ُكم ْك‬
‫تا َو َوْك ُك ُكماااْك َو ْكَو ُكا َواا ُك‬
‫ُكحِّل َوم ْك‬
‫با َو ْكَوفا َو ْك َوػ ْكق ِك ُك واا‬ ‫ُّل ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام اذَو َّزكْكُك ْكما َو َوم اذُك َوحا َو َو ااا ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوك َوااا َّز ُك ُكعاإَّزَل َو‬
‫ااْك ػ ِّلدي ُكا اا ِك‬
‫َّزط َوح ُكا َو َوم ا َو‬ ‫َو ُك َو َو َو َو‬
‫اخ َو ْكو ِكفا ۚ ا‬ ‫اديِك ُك ْكمافَو َوَل َو‬‫اام ِك‬ ‫ِك ْكْل ْكَوزَوَلِكـا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك ُك مافِك قا ۗ اااْك ػوـايئِكساااَّز ِكذي َو ِك‬
‫اَّتْك َو ْكوُك ْكما َو ْك‬ ‫اك َوفُك ْك‬ ‫ْك ْك ٌ َو ْك َو َو َو َو‬
‫تااَو ُك م ْكِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْل ْكس َوَل َوـاا‬ ‫تا َو َوْك ُك ْكماا ْكع َو ِكِتا َو َورض ُك ُك‬ ‫تااَو ُك ْكماديَو ُك ْكما َو َوْكَتَو ْك ُك‬
‫َوك َو ْك ُك‬
‫ااْكَوػ ْكوَوـا ْك‬
‫ور َوارِكح ٌام‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫امَو َوج اِك ٍء ِكِك‬ ‫اُمْك ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫اْل ْكٍءّتا ۙ افَوإ َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ُكف‬ ‫ل ا َوْكػَو ُك‬ ‫ااضطُكَّز ِكآت َو َو َو‬ ‫ديًن ا ۚ افَو َو ِك ْك‬
5:3 Forbidden to you (for food) are dead meat, blood, pork, that
on which a name other than Allah‟s has been invoked, that
which has been killed by strangling or a violent blow or a
headlong fall or gored to death or what is (partly) eaten by a
wild animal unless it is slaughtered (pronouncing Allah‟s name
before it dies); that which is sacrificed on stone (altars). And
(forbidden) is also the division (of meat) by raffling with
arrows; that is impiety…. But if anybody is forced by hunger
with no inclination to transgress, (he is not at fault to eat the
prohibited food). Allah is indeed Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Besides the permission given to man to kill animals, Allah has
also made many animals food for other animals, which is
reflected in prey-predator relationship.
Animals do not have feelings (afidat) including pain
because they lack qalb (mind). If we extrapolate this argument
a little further, it would seem likely that human infant is an
“unconscious” biosystem like animal until the development of
mind. Till then all its expressions and activities are
unconsciously performed ones by the CPU. It does not have
feelings including pain. The biprocessor model of human
biosystem thus helps to explain these phenomena.
The foregoing discussion is centred round the
uniqueness of human species conveyed by the Creator through
the Quran. It is clear that man‟s uniqueness is due to his mind,
which alone is bestowed with freedom to take decision and act.
It is such a robot Allah has created to serve Him.
Understanding the Quranic revelations about Allah‟s robot
(Abdullah) scientifically makes it clear why Allah wants to test
man for his obedience to Him.
References
1. Alexeev, V.P. 1986. The Origin of the Human Race.
Progress Publishers, Moscow.
2. Hey, J. 2004. What‟s So Hot about Recombination
Hotspots? PLoS Biol. 2(6):e190. doi: 10.1371/journal.
pbio.0020190
3. Wood, B. 2002. Hominid revelations from Chad. Nature
418:133-135.
Rendering of the Holy Quran. Adam Publishers, New Delhi,
India.
5. Yusuf Ali. A.1983. The Holy Quran: Text, Translation and
Commentary. Amana Corp, Maryland.
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum Retrieved April 1,
2007.
7. http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/cerebell.htm Retrieved
April 11, 2007.
8. http://www.newhorizons.org/neuro/leiner.htm Retrieved
April 11, 2007.
9. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness-animal/
10. Carruthers, P. 1989. Brute experience. J. Phil. 86:258-269.
11. Carruthers, P. 1992. The Animal Issue. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
12. http://www.sleepdisorderchannel.net/ sleepwalking/
index/shtml. Accessed May 23, 2002.
13. Byrne, R. 1995. The Thinking Ape. Evolutionary Origins
of Intelligence. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
12. SIGNIFICANCE OF ADAM’S NAFS –

MICROBIOPROGRAM OF HOMO SAPIENS
Adam‟s nafs has wide-ranging implications and
significance in human biology and anthropology. Besides being
the source of biological information for creation of vast
biomemetic diversity in human population, it is also the source
of Satan virus and a priori knowledge. It is this biomemetic
source that controls every aspect of human being at the
individual, societal and species levels.
Satan virus
Presently there is no clear understanding of Satan in the
Muslim community. We also do not know how Satan
influences our minds to mislead us from the path of Allah.
Religious scholars use the terms “Iblis” and “Satan”
synonymously implying Satan is Iblis. It is further supposed
that Satan is everywhere round the clock misleading the entire
people of the world (over seven billion) from the righteous
path. It is also foolish to suppose that one Iblis is interacting
twenty four hours with billions of human beings in the world
simultaneously. What we should realize is Satan is not Iblis.
They are different and have independent existence. Based on
computer analogy, a possible explanation to this conundrum
[1] is presented here.
Satan appeared on the scene after the creation of Adam
as can be inferred from the Quranic revelations. We also get
sufficient clue about the identity of Satan from the events that
ensued creation of Adam.
‫اسَو ْك َوػَو ا َو َوك َوف ِكام َو اااْك َو فِك ِكي َوا‬
‫َوَبا َو ْك‬
‫سا َو ٰى‬ ‫ِكَّز ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َو إِك ْكذا ُكػ ْكَو اا ْك َو َوَلئ َو ْك‬
‫ااس ُكج ُك ااْل َود َوـافَو َو َوج ُك ااإَلاإ ْك َو‬
2:34 And behold, We said to the angels: Bow down to Adam.
And they all bowed down except Iblis. He refused and was
haughty. He became one of the rejecters of Faith.
‫اط ٍء ا‬‫َو َوؿام امَوػع َو ا َّزَوَلا َو ج َو اإِك ْكذا َوم ُك َو ا ۖ ا َو َوؿا َواَو اخ ػ ِكامْكهاخَو ْكق ِك ِكام ااَو ٍءرا خَو ْكق ه ِكام ِك‬
‫َو ْك ٌ ُك َو َو ْك َو َو َو ُك ْك‬ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫ْك ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو‬
‫ااال ي َو ا َو َوؿا َواْكظ ْكِّنا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفااَو َو ا ْكَوفا َوػَو َو َّزػَو اف َوه افَو ْكخُك ْكجاإاَّز َو ام َو َّز‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َوؿافَو ْك ِك ْكطامْكػ َوه افَو َو ايَو ُك ُك‬
‫اصَواطَو َو اااْك ُك ْك َو ِكق َوما‬ ‫اَلم ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫إِك َو ٰىَلايػوِكـايػ ػعثُك َو ِك ِك‬
‫وفا َو َوؿاإاَّز َو ام َو اااْك ُك ْكظَو ِكي َو ا َو َوؿافَو َو ا َو ْك َوويْكػَوِك َواْلَو ْكػ ُكع َو َّزف َوُك ْك‬ ‫َو ْك ُكْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اِشَو ئ ِكه ْكما ۖ ا َوَوَل َو‬ ‫ِك‬‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫مَو ِن ْكما َو َو ْك َو‬ٙ‫اخ ْكف ِكه ْكما َو َو ْك ا َوْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوكثَوػَو ُك ْكما‬
‫اَت ُك ا ْك‬ ‫َّزه ْكمام ْك ا ػَو ْك ِك ا َويْك ِكيه ْكما َو م ْك َو‬ ‫ُكّتَّز َواْل َوػ ػ ُك‬
‫َّزم ِكامْك ُك ْكما‬
‫َوف َو‬‫ام ْك ُكح ًنوراا ۖ ااَو َو ْك ا َوِك َوع َو ِكامْكػ ُكه ْكم َواْل ْكَوم َوْل َّز‬ ‫ام ْكذ ُك ًنم َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو ك ِكي َو ا َو َوؿ ْك‬
‫ااخُك ْكجامْكػ َوه َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوَجَوعِك َو اا‬ ‫ْك‬
7:12-18 (Allah) said: What prevented you from bowing down
when I commanded you? He (Iblis) said: I am better than he
(Adam). You created me from fire and him from clay. (Allah)
said: Get you down from this. It is not for you to be arrogant
here; get out for you are the meanest (of creatures). He (Iblis)
said: Give me respite till the day they (human beings) are
raised up (resurrected for judgement). (Allah) said: Be you
among those who have respite. He (Iblis) said: Because You
have misguided me, I will lie in wait for them (human beings)
on Your straight way. Then I will assault them from before
them and behind them, from their right and from their left; nor
will You find in most of them gratitude (for Your Mercy).
(Allah) said: Get out from this, disgraced and expelled. If any
of them follow you, I will fill Hell with you all.
These verses reveal that when Allah ordered the angels to bow
down to Adam following his creation, all the angels except
Iblis bowed down. Allah asked him to explain his non-
compliance. Iblis responded boastingly that he was much
above man in status and that prevented him from prostrating
before Adam. Allah asked him to get out from the divine
abode. Iblis pleaded for respite till the Day of Judgement when
all human beings are raised up again. Allah granted Iblis
respite. Iblis then swore that since Allah misguided him, he
would mislead all human beings from the divine path except
the most sincere and pious ones. How does Iblis go about
misleading man and what is his strategy are some of the
important questions that remain unanswered. The revelations

following these verses shed light on these important issues. The
points to be noted are indicated in boldface in parentheses and
their explanations are given in subsequent discussion.
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ااْلَّز َوافَو ُك َوَل ِكام اح ُك ِك‬
‫ثا ْكئُك َو ا َوَوَلا َوػ ْكقَوَو ا ٰىَو ذهااا َو‬
‫َّزجَوةَوافَوػَو ُك واَو ا‬ ‫ْك َو ْك‬ ‫تا َو َوزْك ُكج َو ْكَو‬ ‫ااس ُك ْك ا َواْك َو‬ ‫اآد ُكـ ْك‬ ‫َو يَو َو‬
‫ام ا‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اَلُك َو ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك َّز ِك ِك‬
‫اس ْكوآِت َو ا َو َو َوؿ َو‬ ‫يا َوْكػ ُكه َو ام ْك َو‬ ‫ام ا ُك ر َو‬ ‫ي َو َو‬ ‫اَلُكَو ااا َّز ْكطَو ُكفااُكْك َو‬ ‫س َو‬ ‫م َو اااظ ا َو افَوػ َوو ْكس َوو َو‬
‫ااْلَو اِك ِكي َو ا َو َو َوْسَو ُكه َو ا‬
‫امَو َو ْك ِك ا َوْك ا َو ُك واَو ِكام َو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َّزجَوةِكاإَّزَلا ْكَوفا َو ُك واَو َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫اػَو َوه ُكك َو َوارُّ ُك َو ا َو ْك ا ٰىَو ذهااا َو‬
‫اس ْكوآ ُكػ ُكه َو ا َو طَوِكف َوق ا‬
‫اَلُكَو َو‬ ‫ت َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫إ ِّلِّنااَو ُك َو ااَو َو اااَّز صح َو افَو َو َّزَل ُكٕمَو ا غُكُك ٍءرا ۚ افَوػَو َّز ا َوذا َو ااا َو‬
‫َّزجَوَوةا َو َو ْك‬
‫َّزجَوةِكا َو َوُك ْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااْلَوَّز ِكا ۖ ا َو اَو َود ُكإمَو َوارػُّ ُكه َو ا َو‬
‫ل َوف ِكفا َو َوْك ِكه َو ِكام ْك ا َو َورِكؽ ْك‬ ‫َو٘مْك ِك‬
‫َوَلْكا َواْكػ َوه ُك َو ا َو ْك ا ْك ُك َو ااا َو‬
‫اَلْكا َوػ ْكغ ِكف ْك ااَوَو ا َو َوػ ْك َوْكَو ا‬
‫امِك ٌ ا َو َوَل َوارػَّزَو اظَوَو ْك َو ا َواْكػ ُكف َو َو ا َو إِك ْكف َو‬ ‫اَو ُك َو اإ َّزفااا َّز ْكطَو َوفااَو ُك َو ا َو ُك ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك َوػ َوق ا‬ ‫ض ُك‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬‫ضا َو ُك ا ۖ ا َو اَو ُك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬ ‫ض ُك ْكمااِكَوػ ْكع ٍء‬ ‫اَوَو ُك واَو َّز ِكام ْك ِك‬
‫ااْلَو س ِكي َو ا َو َوؿاا ْك ِكطُكواا ػَو ْكع ُك‬ ‫َو‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫اَّتْكَو ُكج َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفا َو مْكػ َوه ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫عاإِك َو ٰىَلاح ٍء ا َو َوؿاف َوه ا َوْكَوػ ْكو َوفا َو ف َوه َواَتُكوُك َو‬ ٌ ‫َو َومَو‬
7:19-25 O Adam! You and your wife dwell in the Garden and
enjoy (its good things) as you wish but do not approach this
Tree or you run into harm and transgression. Then Satan (not
Iblis) began to whisper suggestions to them to uncover their
shame that was hidden from them (before). He (it) said: Your
Lord only forbade you this Tree lest you should become angels
or such beings as live for ever. And he (it) swore to both of
them: I am indeed your sincere advisor. So by deceit he (it)
brought their fall. When they tasted of the Tree, their shame
became manifest to them and they began to sew together the
leaves of the Garden over their bodies. And their Lord called to
them: Did I not tell you that Satan (not Iblis) was an avowed
enemy to you? They said: Our Lord! We have wronged our
own souls. If You do not forgive us and bestow upon us Your
Mercy, we shall be certainly be lost. (Allah) said: Get you
down with enmity between yourselves. The earth will be your
dwelling place and your means of livelihood for a term. He
(Allah) said: Therein shall you live, and therein shall you die,
and from there shall you be taken out (resurrection).
The first reference to Satan appears here. Allah asked Adam

and Eve to live in the Garden. They were ordered by God not
to touch the Tree there. That was the only directive Allah had
given to test them. However, they were lured and misguided by
the loathsome Satan (not Iblis) to disobedience. They fell an
easy prey to Satan‟s temptations and failed in the test – they ate
of the tree. That led to their ouster from the Garden to Earth. It
is important to note that it was Iblis who vowed before Allah to
mislead man. But it was not Iblis but Satan who put the
misleading suggestions onto the minds of Adam and Eve. The
Quran did not use the word Iblis after his conversation with
Allah (i.e., after verse 7:18), but used the word “Satan” instead.
The use of the word Satan in place of Iblis in the above verses
(Q. 7:19-25) is glaring. It is because Satan is different from
Iblis. If not, there is no need to introduce a different term. The
ulema have not distinguished the two terms from each other.
The situation has led to so much confusion in understanding
the verses, which is reflected in Quran translations. For
instance, Yusuf Ali commented: “Iblis in ii. 34 is apparently
the Power of Evil, with the root idea of desperateness or
rebellion. “Satan” in this verse (i.e., 2:36) is the Power of Evil,
with the root idea of perversity or enmity.” [2]. But such an
interpretation is not consistent with the Quranic revelations and
does not clarify what Satan is. A plausible explanation can be
given based on the computer model of human biosystem [3].
Treating Iblis and Satan at par is not correct. They are
physically different because Allah warned Adam and Eve of
Satan and not Iblis as avowed enemy. Further Allah conversed
with Iblis and not Satan.
It may be recalled here that the angels are at the
command of Allah executing His orders through appropriate
programs. Since Iblis was an angel at the time of creation of
Adam, it may be presumed that Iblis was using Allah‟s
programs. This is evident from the statement of Iblis that it is
with Allah‟s permission and power he misleads human beings.
‫َوَجَوعِك َو اإِكَّزَلا ِكَو َود َوؾا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َوؿافَوِكإاَّز َو ام َو اااْك ُك ْكظَو ِكي َو اإِك َو ٰىَلايػَو ْكوـاااْك َووْكتاااْك َو ْكعُكوـا َو َوؿافَوِكعَّز َو َواْلُك ْك ِكويػَو ػ ُك‬
‫َّزه ْكما ْك‬
‫َوَجَوعِك َو اا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َّزم ِكامْك َو ا َوِمَّز ْك ا َوِك َوع َو ِكامْكػ ُكه ْكما ْك‬
‫اج َوه َو‬ ‫وؿ َواْل ْكَوم َوْل َّز‬
‫َوف َو‬ ‫اْلَو َّزقا َوُك ُك‬
‫ل َو ا َو َوؿافَو ْكْلَو ُّقا َو ْك‬‫ِكمْكػهماااْك خَو ِك‬
‫ُك ُك ُك ْك‬
38:80-85 (Allah) said: Respite then is granted to you (Iblis) till
the Day of the Time Appointed. (Iblis) said: Then by Your
(Allah‟s) Power, I (Iblis) will put them all in the wrong except
Your sincere and purified servants among them. (Allah) said:
Then it is just and fitting and I say what is just and fitting –
That I will certainly fill Hell with you and those that follow
you – everyone.
“Allah‟s Power” mentioned in the above verses indicates
Allah‟s program or commands. Going by the computer model,
the human robot system requires a program to make misleading
suggestions to the processor mind. It may therefore be inferred
from these verses that with Allah‟s permission Iblis installed a
suitable program in Adam‟s biosystem. This program thus
became part of Adam‟s nafs. In computer parlance it was a
virus program that was installed by Iblis. A computer virus is a
small program designed to interfere with the functioning of the
system the way its author wanted. Satan mentioned in the
Quran may be understood as virus program. The intention of
Iblis was to mislead man from Allah‟s path. Satan virus does
this job by interfering with the decision-making function of the
human qalb (mind) by offering tempting (evil) suggestions to it
(Q. 7:19-25). Since Eve was created from Adam‟s nafs, the
Satan virus also entered Eve‟s biosoftware. Thus we find Satan
putting suggestions onto the qalbs of Adam and Eve instead of
Iblis. The virus analogy enables us to visualize how Iblis
carries out his threat. The Satan is the tool of Iblis operating
inside the human biosystem and not from outside as is believed
now. It is through Satan virus and not by direct physical
involvement Iblis who is given respite by Allah till the end of
the world carries out his threat of misleading man from the
divine righteous path. This view is further strengthened by the
use of the word “command” (amr) in the following verse to
characterize the nature of action of Satan on human mind (my

translation in boldface added).
‫اتااا َّز ْكطَو ِكفافَوِكإاَّزهُكايَوأْك ُكمُك ا‬‫اتااا َّز طَو ِكفا ۚ ا م ايػَّزِكعاخطُكو ِك‬ ‫ااَلا َوػَّزِكعوااخطُكو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َو ْك َو ْك ُك َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫اآمُكو َو ُك ُك َو‬ ‫يَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫َوح ٍءا َوَو ًن اا َو ٰىاَو ِك َّز ا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك اْك َوفح َو ِك ا ااْك ْك َو ِك ا ۚ ا اَووَوَلافَو ْك ِك‬
‫ض ُكاااَّزها َو َوْك ُك ْكما َو َور ْك َوُكهُك َو‬
‫ام َوازَوك ٰى امْك ُك ْكمام ْك ا َو‬ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫ْك َو ُك‬
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا ۗ ا َوااَّزهُك َو‬
‫اْس ٌعا َو ٌام‬ ‫ااَّزهَوايػُكَوِّلك َو‬
24:21 “O you who believe! Follow not the footsteps of Satan.
If any will follow the footsteps of Satan, he (it) will (but)
command what is shameful and wrong….”
It is also noteworthy that Iblis says it is because Allah
misled him, he is misleading Allah‟s servants – human beings.
The entire episode involving Iblis that took place in the divine
abode following creation of Adam must be seen as part of
Allah‟s scheme for installing Satan virus to make human robot
testing efficient. Since Satan is a program, the pronoun “it” is
the appropriate one and not the pronoun “he” that is used in
translations to refer to Satan. This correction is indicated by
giving “it” in boldface in parentheses in the translations of the
verses quoted.
Satan virus being a small program exists as stored
information on the chromosome. This virus program is present
in each and every cell of human body as it is copied during cell
division. In this way it enters gametes and germ line. Thus
every human individual carries Satan virus in his biomemome.
It is this extremely powerful virus program installed by Iblis in
Adam‟s biosystem to mislead man from Allah‟s path that is
referred to in the Quran as Satan and an avowed enemy of
mankind.
That Iblis is not Satan is further evident from the use of
plural term of Satan – shayateen – at many places in the Quran
whereas the term “Iblis” is not used in plural. Consider for
instance verse 7:30.
‫اد ِكفاااَّز ِكها‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫َّزَلاَو ُكا ۗ اإِكاػَّزهم َّز‬

‫اح َّزقا َو َوْك ِكه ُكماااض َو‬
‫ااَّتَو ُكذ اااا َّز َو ط َو ا َوْك اَو َوام ْك ُك‬ ‫ُك ُك‬ ‫فَو ِك ًنيق ا َو َو ٰى ا َو فَو ِك ًنيق َو‬
‫ام ْكهَو ُك َواف‬
‫وفا َوا ُكػَّزه ْكم ُك‬
‫َو َوْكٗم َو ُك َو‬
7:30 Some He (Allah) has guided. Others have (by their
choice) deserved the loss of their way. In that they took the evil
ones (shayateen) in preference to Allah for their friends and
protectors and think that they receive guidance.
Based on the traditional view, the verse would appear to
convey the existence of so many Satans or Iblis although it is
not possible to explain how a large number of Iblis can arise.
As already mentioned, every human being carries Satan virus.
An individual by virtue of his freewill can either follow Allah‟s
directions or Satan‟s. An individual who obeys Satan‟s
directions and acts accordingly is therefore referred to as Satan
in the Quran. The plural shayateen is used in the Quran to
describe a group of such people. Obviously they will also be
friends with one another. It is to be realized that mere presence
of this virus program in the body does not make a person Satan
but the individual must be following the evil path consequent
to his surrender to the virus program. If that were not the case,
all of us would have been Satans (shayateen) as we all carry
Satan virus or to use the computer jargon, we are all „infected‟
with it. Consider a situation in which a person meets a group of
individuals (Satans) who have gone astray from Allah‟s path.
He will be influenced not only by the Satan virus in his
biosystem but also by the viruses residing in the people of that
group. That group can function as a collection of Satans or
shayateen. The person does not see the virus in others. He
takes them as friends. In the traditional view, we have to
suppose many Iblis to match the term “shayateen” which is
clearly wrong. The following verses (Q. 7:27, 6:112) make it
further clear that the word shayateen refers to the misled
human beings and not many Iblis.
‫عا َوْكػ ُكه َو ااِكَو َوس ُكه َو ا‬ ‫اك ا َوخ جا َو ػوي ُك م ِكام ْك ِك‬
‫ااْلَوَّز ايػَوْك ِك ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫اآد َوـ َواَلايػَو ْكف َوػَّز ُك ُكمااا َّز ْكطَو ُكف َو َو ْك َو َو َو َو ْك ْك َو‬ ‫يَو ا َوِك َو‬
‫اج َوع ْكَو ااا َّز َو ِكط َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ث َواَلا َوػَو ْك اػَو ُكه ْكما ۗ اإاَّز َو‬ ‫اس ْكوآِت َو ا ۗ اإاَّزهُكايػَوَو ُكاك ْكما ُك َووا َو َو ُكهُكام ْك َو‬
‫احْك ُك‬ ‫ا ُكِكيػَو ُكه َو َو‬
‫َوْك اِكَو َوااِكَّز ِكذي َو َواَلايػُك ْك ِكمُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
7:27 O children of Adam! Let not Satan seduce you, in the
same manner as He got your parents out of the Garden,
stripping them of their raiment, to expose their shame: for he
(it) and his (its) tribe watch you from a position where you
cannot see them: We made the evil ones (shayateen) friends to
those without faith.
‫ض ُكه ْكماإِك َوَلا ػَو ْكع ٍء‬ ‫اسا ْكِك ِك‬ ‫ِبا َو ُك ًّاا َو َو ِكط َو ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ؼا‬
‫ض ُكاز ْكخُك َو‬ ‫اْل ِّل ايُكوح ا ػَو ْكع ُك‬ ‫ااْل ِك َو‬ ٍّ ‫اج َوع ْكَو اا ُك ِّلااِك‬
‫َو َوك َوذا َو َو‬
َ ‫ااْك َوق ْكوِكؿا ُكُك ًنراا َو اَو ْكوا َو َوارُّ َو َوام افَوػ َوعُكوهُكافَو َوذ ْكرُك ْكما َو َوم ايػَو ْكفَوػُك ف‬
6:112 Likewise we made for every messenger an enemy – evil
ones (shayateen) among men and jinns, inspiring each other
with flowery discourses by way of deception. If your Lord has
so planned they would not have done it. So leave them and
their inventions alone.
َ ‫ساظَوَّزهُكافَو ػَّزَوػ ُكعوهُكاإِكَّزَلافَو ِك ًنيق ِّلام َو اااْك ُك ْك ِكمِك‬ ‫اَو َوق ْك اص َو ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َّزؽا َو َوْكه ْكماإ ْك ُك‬ ‫َو َو‬
34:20 And on them did Iblis prove true his idea and all except
the believers followed him.
The verse (Q. 34:20) indicates the success of Iblis‟s idea of
diverting people from Allah‟s path. The use of the word Iblis in
this verse is not in contradiction with the virus analogy because
whoever succumbed to the lure of Satan in effect followed
Iblis.
The use of the word “Satan” instead of “Iblis” may not be
changing the implied message in a verse but it does affect our
perception of Iblis and Satan. From several verses, we can
understand that Satan virus influences human mind in a variety
of ways. This is also evident from the statement of Iblis during
his conversation with Allah (Q. 7:12-18 quoted above) that he
will assault them from before them and behind them, from their
right and from their left. In these verses, Iblis is telling Allah
that he will mislead Allah‟s servants. This may be taken to
mean that he misleads man with the help of his tool, Satan
virus. Satan is a powerful program capable of diverting man
from Allah‟s path. See also the following verses.
‫َوَّت َوذ َّزف ِكام ْك ا‬
‫وفاإِكَّزَلا َو طَو اًن ام ِكي ًن اااَوعَوهاااَّزها ۘ ا َو َوؿ َواْل َّزِك‬
‫ْك َو َو ُك ُك َو‬ ‫اد اِكِكهاإِكَّزَلاإِكاَو ثًن ا َو إِك ْكفايَو ْك ُك َو‬ ‫إِك ْكفاي ْك َو ِك‬
‫وفام ْك ُك‬ ‫َو ُك‬
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوع ِكـا َوَوْل ُكمَوا ُكػَّزه ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اف ْك‬ ‫َّزه ْكما َوَوْل ُكمَوا ُكػَّزه ْكمافَوػَوُكَوِّل ُك َّز اآ َوذ َو‬ ‫ض ا َوَوْلُكضَّز ػ ُك‬
‫َّزه ْكما َوَوْل َوُكمِّلػَوػ ػ ُك‬ ‫ام ْكفُك ًن‬ ‫َو د َوؾااَول ًن َو‬
‫امِك ًن ا‬ ‫َّزخ ِكذااا َّز طَو َوفا اِكًّ ِكام اد ِكفاااَّز ِكهافَوػ َوق ْك ِك‬ ‫فَوػَو ػغَوِّلػ َّزفاخ ْكقاااَّز ِكها ۚ ا م ايػ ِك‬
‫اخ ْك َوااًن ُك‬ ‫اخ َو ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْك َو ْك ُك‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫ُك ُك َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬ ‫َّز‬‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ۖ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اٖم ُك َوفا َوْكػ َوه ا‬ ‫َّزما َوَوَل َو‬ ‫اج َوه ُك‬‫امأْك َوا ُك ْكم َو‬
‫مَوِّل ه ْكما ا َو َوم ايَوع ُك ُك ُكمااا َّز ْكطَو ُكفاإَلا ُكُك ًنراا ُك اَوئ َو َو‬ٙ‫يَوع ُك ُك ْكما َو ُك‬
‫ل اا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوُم ًن‬
4:117-121 They invoke, besides Him, only female (deities).
They only invoke the arrogant Satan! Allah had cursed it. And
it said: “I will take a fixed share from Your servants. I will
mislead them and I will create in them false desires. I will
order them; then they will slit the ears of cattle. I will order
them; then they will deface Allah‟s creations.” Whoever takes
Satan for a protector forsaking Allah, he has indeed sustained a
clear loss. The Satan makes promises to them and creates in
them false desires; but Satan‟s promises are nothing but
deception. Their abode is Hell and they will find no place (to
escape) from it.
There is also another important message Allah conveys
through the events (Q. 7:12-25 quoted above) that led to the
expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden to Earth. It may
be noted that Allah ordered the first human couple not to
approach the Tree in the Garden but Satan persuaded them with
luring suggestions to furtively make them violate Allah‟s order.
This led to their tasting of the Tree, which, in turn, made their
shame manifest that was hidden from them. And they started
covering (their genitals) with leaves (Q. 7:19-22). It may be
understood from these verses that it is their tasting of the tree
that created feeling of shyness about their genitals. This means
perhaps what they ate would have triggered the biomeme(s) in
their biosytem into operation to create shy feeling. Although

the sex organs were there on their body, they were not shy of
them prior to tasting of the tree. The feeling of shyness
developed only after they tasted of the Tree. It marked the
origin of shyness about sex organs in human beings. The
message in the verses can be understood that way.
Failure of Adam and Eve in the test necessitated their
further testing as well as generations of human beings created
by Allah from them inorder to select the obedient ones. The
episode thus makes it clear how and why feeling of shyness
about sex organs coupled with sexual urge and pleasure are
created in human species. It also shows how strong and
efficient Satan virus is to mislead man. The human couple
could not even obey Allah‟s just one instruction because of its
interference! Here again we should realize that the test in the
Garden was only a prelude to the elaborate test programme
Allah has planned and arranged on Earth with billions of
biomemetically varying human beings. It is through sexual
reproduction Allah is creating biomemetically different human
beings with widely varying potentials.
Human biodiversification
Verse 4:1 states that it is from a single nafs (the rooh
that was breathed into the clay model to create Adam) all the
men and women are created.
4: 1 O mankind! Fear your Lord who created you from a
single nafs and from that, He created its mate, and from them
watching you.
The verse reveals that the microbioprogram of Homo sapiens is

Adam‟s nafs. In other words, the source of biological
information to create biodiversity in human species is Adam‟s
nafs.
At several places in the Quran, human individual is
mentioned on the basis of biosoftware as nafs (pl. anfus or
nufoos).
‫تا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوخَو ْك‬
‫تا َو َّز‬
‫َّزم ْك‬
‫ام ا َو َو‬
‫س َو‬
ٌ ‫تااػَو ْكف‬
‫َو َو ْك‬
82:5 (Then) each soul (nafs) will know what (deeds) it has
advanced and (what deeds it has) put off.
‫تا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضَو ْك‬
‫َوح َو‬
‫ام ا ْك‬
‫س َو‬
ٌ ‫تااػَو ْكف‬
‫َو َو ْك‬
81:14 (Then) each soul (nafs) will know what it has brought
(i.e., good and evil).
‫اس ئِك ٌقا َو َو ِكه ٌا‬
‫ام َوع َوه َو‬ ‫اك ُّااػَو ْكف ٍء‬
‫س َو‬ ‫ت ُك‬
‫َو َوج َو ْك‬
50:21 Every soul (nafs) will come with an escort and a
witness.
‫ااْلِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫س ِكاِبَو َو‬
‫با‬ ‫اس ِك ُك‬
‫يع ْك َو‬ ‫تا ۚ َواَلاظُكْك َوماااْكَوػ ْكوَوـا ۚ اإ َّزفاااَّزهَو َو‬
‫اك َو َو ْك‬ ‫اك ُّااػَو ْكف ٍء‬
‫اَتَو ٰى ُك‬
‫ااْكَوػ ْكوَوـ ُكْك‬
40:17 That Day every soul (nafs) will be rewarded what it
earned. There will be no injustice that Day. Indeed Allah is
swift in taking account.
‫إِكاَّز ا َواْكػ اْكَو ا َو َو اااْك ِكَو بااِك َّز ِكسا ِك ْكْل ِّلقا ۖ افَو ِك اا َو َو ٰى افَوِكَوػ ْكف ِك ِكها ۖ ا م اض َّزافَوِكإَّزٔمَو اي ِك‬
‫ض ُّا‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك‬
‫تا َو َوْكه ْكما َووك ٍءا‬
‫َو َوْكػ َوه ا ۖ ا َو َوم ا َواْك َو‬
39:41 Verily We have sent down the Book (i.e., the Quran) to
you (Prophet Muhammad) in truth for mankind. Then whoever
attains guidance (from it) benefits his own soul (nafs) and
whoever strays (from it) does so against it (i.e., his own soul).
You are not given the responsibility over them.
Referring of an individual by nafs (biomemome or the
biosoftware of the individual) as given in these verses is indeed
the correct and accurate method. It is also the accurate
expression of one‟s identity because the biomemome (nafs) of

an individual remains unchanged throughout his life starting
from zygote stage but his phenotype is dynamic. It changes
with time as the execution of the biomemome proceeds until
death. Therefore phenotype at any given instant does not
describe or represent an individual for the whole period of life
from the time of formation of zygote to death. Evidently, the
identity of an individual can be best described by his nafs
(biosoftware), which is static. The use of the term “nafs” in the
Quran to mean a human individual is therefore the most
appropriate expression. Allah alone knows the nafs of a human
being. We have absolutely no knowledge of that.
Human beings are created by Allah with varying
physical and mental potentials. This is expected because if
human beings are identical in their characteristics and
behaviour (i.e., clones with identical biosoftware) it is enough
to test just one individual. But Allah‟s intention is to create a
large number of diverse nafs to produce diverse human
phenotypes with varying potentials. Allah is creating such large
population of varying phenotypes from a single nafs – Adam‟s
nafs – the microbioprogram of human species. The entire
population of mankind originates from a single biosoftware.
Therefore every human individual is Adam‟s offspring. At
several places, the Quran reminds us of this fact by addressing
mankind as children of Adam (see verse 7:27 quoted above).
However there is one exception. Prophet Jesus Christ does not
belong to Adam‟s lineage. He was created from a separate
rooh.
66:12 And Mary the daughter of Imran, who guarded her
genital organ; and We breathed into it (i.e., her genital organ)
from Our rooh; and she testified to the truth of the Words of
her Lord and of His Revelations, and was one of the devout
(servants).
‫اخَو َوقهُك ِكام ا ُكػ ٍء‬ ‫امثَو َوا ِك َو ٰى ا ِكْك َو اااَّز ِكه َو‬
‫اك َو ثَو ِك َو‬
‫اآد َوـا ۖ َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفا‬
‫اّتَّزا َو َوؿااَوهُك ُك‬
‫اب ُك‬ ‫ْك َو‬ ‫إ َّزف َو‬
3:59 Indeed the similitude of Jesus before Allah is that of
Adam; He created him (Adam) from dust, then said to it, “Be”
and he (Adam) came into being.
Therefore Prophet Jesus Christ is not a member of Adam‟s
lineage. He was not created from Adam‟s nafs (see chapter 10
for a detailed account of the creation of Prophet Jesus). He was
created from a special rooh. His death is also a special
phenomenon (see chapter 17).
Although biology deals with human reproduction and
multiplication, the issue of source of biological information
required for bringing about the huge diversity observed in
human biosystem in a highly regulated manner cannot be
addressed in science. It is through Quran Allah reveals to us the
source of biological information for human biodiversification.
In human beings, not only are the phenotypic attributes
numerous, their variation is also much larger than in other
species. For instance height in human beings varies from about
three feet to over seven feet. The dynamic phenotype that
develops from a biomemome is also unique. Every human
individual can be identified by face. This is also the case with
every other character. This specificity arising from one‟s nafs
is taken advantage of for biometric identification of human
individuals. Fingerprint, palm vein pattern, capillary blood
vessel pattern in the eye (retina scan), etc., have already
become accepted biometric signatures for identification of
individuals. On the other hand, in other species intraspecific
variability is limited. Take the case of an animal. If you look at
a herd of sheep of the same age, they will all appear alike in
their looks as well as in their behaviour.
Human species is so programmed by Allah that its

members become distinct diversity groups such as ethnic,
racial, cultural, linguistic, etc.
‫اخَو ْكقَو ُكك ْكم ِكام ْك اذَو َوك ٍء ا َو ُكاْكػثَو ٰى ا َو َوج َوع ْكَو ُكك ْكما ُك ُكعوًن ا َو َوػَو ئِك َوااِكَوػ َوع َورفُكواا ۚ اإِك َّزفا‬
‫ساإِكاَّز َو‬
‫اخِك ٌا‬ ‫َوكَو َوم ُك ْكما ْك َو اااَّزها َوْكػ َوق ُكك ْكما ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ٌم َو‬ ‫ْك‬
49:13 O mankind! We created you from a male and female,
and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know each
other. Verily the most honored of you in the sight of Allah is
the one who is most deeply conscious of Him. And Allah has
full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things).
30:22 And among His signs is the creation of the heavens and
the earth, and the variations in your languages and your colors;
verily in that are signs for those who have knowledge.
With wide-ranging characters, skills and talents, human
biodiversity profile is unwieldy and overwhelming to say the
least. No two individuals including the so-called „identical
twins‟ (monozygotic twins) are identical. Each human being is
unique in each phenotypic attribute and is not repeated in time
and space. This holds true for the past, present and future
human populations. Such is the magnitude of variability
existing in human race. And the source of biological
information responsible for this scale of diversity is Adam‟s
nafs – the microbioprogram of human species. Another notable
aspect of human biodiversification process is that it is an
ongoing process. As a result we find more and more variations
enhancing the physical and mental potentials emerge in time
and space as specified in Adam‟s nafs. This is reflected in the
advancement of every field of human activity. It is not possible
to say whether Homo sapiens has attained the maximum
potentials physically and mentally; perhaps still more
wonderful show of human potential in both physical and

mental abilities is yet to come. What we observe now is the
scale of human biodiversity created so far.
All the biological differences among individuals and
variations among individuals and populations (e.g., cultural,
linguistic, ethnic, etc.) occur in accordance with the human
biodiversification software provided in Adam‟s nafs. The
mechanism of creating variations among individuals in a
programmed manner can be understood scientifically from the
various phenomena involved.
Allah informs us that following the creation of Adam
and Eve as discussed above, further multiplication of human
beings is effected through “water” (Q. 32:7-8; 25:54; 35:11).
‫اس َوَلاَو ٍءا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااْلاْك ِكف ِكام ِك‬
‫اط ٍء ُك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اج َوع َوااَو ْك َوهُكام ْك ُك‬
‫اّتَّز َو‬ ‫َواخ ْك َوق ْكِك َو ْك‬
‫اخَو َوقهُكا ۖ ا َو َو َو َو‬
‫اك َّزا َو ْك َو‬ ‫ااَّزذيا ْك‬
‫َوح َو َو ُك‬
‫ام ِكه ٍء اا‬ ‫ِكم ٍء‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫ْك َو‬
32:7-8 He who made all His creations the best and He
originated the creation of man from clay, then made his
progeny from a quintessence of an insignificant water.
‫ياخَو َوق ِكام َو اااْك َو ِك ا َو َو ًناافَو َوج َوعَوهُكااَو َو ًن ا َو ِكص ْكهًناا ۗ ا َو َوك َوف َوارُّ َو ا َو ِكيًنا‬ ‫ِك‬
25:54 It is He who created man from water; then He
established family and marital relationships. And your Lord
has power (over all things).
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫اّتَّز ِكام ْك ااُكطْك َوف ٍء ُك‬ ‫اخَو َوق ُك م ِكام ا ُكػ ٍء‬ ‫َّز‬
‫اج ا ۚ ا َو َوم ا َوْك ُكام ْك ا ُكاْكػثَو ٰى ا َوَوَلا َو َو‬
‫ض ُكعا‬ ‫اج َوعَو ُك ْكما ْكَوزَو ًن‬
‫اّتَّز َو‬ ‫اب ُك‬ ‫َواا هُك َو ْك ْك َو‬
‫با ۚ اإِك َّزفا‬ ‫إِكَّزَلا ِكعِكْك ِك ِكها ۚ ا م ايػع َّز ِكام امع َّز ٍء ا َوَلايػْكػ َوقص ِكام ا ُك ِكهِكاإِكَّزَل ِكآتاكِكَو ٍء‬
‫َو َو ُك َو ُك ْك ُك َو َو ُك ُك ْك ُك‬
‫ٰىذَواِك َو ا َو َو اااَّز ِكهايَو ِك ٌا‬
35:11 And Allah created you from dust; then from a sperm-
drop; then He made you mates. And no female conceives or
delivers without His knowledge. No man is granted extension
of life nor is his lifespan shortened except in accordance with
(what is given) in a Record. All that is easy for Allah.
‫ِك‬
The term “water” used in these verses must not be taken in the
usual sense of the word as used in verses 21:30 and 24:45
relating to the creation of other organisms discussed in chapter
10. The “water” mentioned in the above verses refers to the
semen containing sperms (Q. 25:54; 32:8) or a mixture of both
male and female gametes (Q. 76:2). The verses are suggestive
of the sexual reproduction involved in the multiplication
process.
Allah further informs us of the love and affection He
created between spouses and for children.
‫ام َووَّزدةًنا َو َور ْك َو ًنا ۚ ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكم اآي ِكِكها ْكَوفاخَوقااَو ُك م ِكام ا َواْكػ ُكف ِك ُك ما َوز ِك‬
‫اج ااَو ْك ُك ُكوااإاَوْكػ َوه ا َو َوج َوع َوا ػَوْكػَو ُك ْكم َو‬
‫ْك ْك َو ًن‬ ‫َو َو ْك ْك‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬
‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬
‫إِك َّزف ِكآتاذَوا َو َواْليَو تاا َوق ْكوـايػَوَوػ َوف ُك َواف‬
‫َّز‬
30:21 And among His signs is the creation of your spouses
from among yourselves so that you find solace with her. And
He gave between you love and mercy. Verily in that are signs
for those who think.
‫اخْكػٌ ا ِكْك َو َوارِّل َو اثػَو َووا ًن ا َو َوخْكػٌ ا َوَوم ًنَلا‬ ‫ااْل ةِكااا ُّ اْكػ ا ۖ ا ااْك ِك ت َّز ِك‬ ‫وف ِك‬
‫ت َو‬
‫ااال ْلَو ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو َو ُك‬ ‫ازيَو ُك ْكَوَو‬ ‫ااْك َو ُكؿا َوااْكَوػُك َو‬
18:46 Wealth and children are adornment of the life of this
world. But the good (deeds) that last are better for reward with
your Lord and better to hope for.
From these messages, it can be deduced that desire and
love for the opposite sex, pleasure in sex, desire and love for
children, care of children by the parents, care of parents by the
children, etc., are attributes prescribed for human beings to
encourage them to reproduce. Without these pleasures, human
attitude towards procreation will be rather negative since man
is endowed with discretionary freedom. Equally important is
man‟s insatiable desire to live and live longer. These features
of human biosystem must be seen as part of Allah‟s strategy

for creating huge population of human beings for testing.
Human beings inherit their physical and mental
characteristics and abilities, develop language and culture, and
exist as distinct races as stipulated in Adam‟s nafs. Human
biodiversification process can be understood as biomemetically
programmed phenomenon to create diverse phenotypes,
biomemetic lineages representing races, nations, tribes, etc.
The phenomenon is natural demonstration of how varied
phenotypes (human individuals) are produced from diverse
biosoftware created from a single original source of biological
information (Adam‟s nafs) through natural biosoftware
engineering mechanisms. (It is reminded here that creation of
diverse biological species through programmed evolution was
also discussed earlier on similar lines. See chapter 10.)
Appropriate natural biosoftware engineering mechanisms play
a major role in shuffling, redistributing and reorganizing the
biomemetic package during meiosis to produce biomemetically
varying gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes
unite to produce the biosoftware of the offspring (next
generation). Transmission of bioinformation in this way to the
offspring preserves the Adam-Eve lineage and its continuity
over generations. It is these lineages that, in turn, represent
diverse ethnic groups, races, cultures, etc. along the timeline
prescribed in Adam‟s nafs (Fig. 12.1).
During meiosis (see Fig. 9.5 in chapter 9) biomemetic
changes occur through a process called „crossing over‟ in
which segments of non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair
of homologous dyads are exchanged (see Fig. 9.6 in chapter 9).
This swapping of chromosome portions leads to alteration of
bioinformation content in the resulting chromosomes. The
„crossing over‟, as any other bioprocess, is a programmed
phenomenon. It is responsible for the production of the next
generation biosoftware in human species. It is this process that
leads to biodiversification in human populations in time and
space in a programmed manner. Since scientists do not view

this natural process as mechanism designed and programmed to
accomplish the divine objective of creating biodiversity, they
consider this and other similar process as random phenomena
or errors and mistakes.
Rooh
Adam‟s Eve‟s
nafs nafs
Generations
of human
beings
Time
Fig. 12.1. Illustration of human biodiversification process as memetically

programmed phenomenon originating from Adam‟s nafs
Note: Biomemetic changes occur in each generation through biosoftware
engineering processes particularly via cross over during gametogenesis.
Mere production of gametes slated for the next
generation is not enough. The male gametes (sperms) and
female gametes (eggs) so produced must also meet their right
partners and fuse to form the zygotes to produce the intended
biomemomes and from them the human individuals via
ontogenetic development (Fig. 12.2). To that end Allah informs

us:
much the wombs fall short (of their time or number) or do
exceed. Every single thing is before His sight, in (due)
proportion.
Sperms
Egg
Fig. 12.2 A swarm of sperms surrounding the female egg about to be

fertilized
The verse quoted above indicates that fertilization
taking place in human biosystem is as programmed by Allah
and therefore He knows what every female conceives.
Spermatozoa normally encounter the egg at the fertilization site
(in the Fallopian tube) within 24 hours after ovulation. A
considerable fraction of the spermatozoa in the semen
ejaculated into the female reproductive tract remains
motionless in storage sites until ovulation, when the
spermatozoa resume maximal motility and reach the
fertilization site within minutes. “Sperms have the opportunity
to interact with many other kinds of cells in the female,” says

Jerry Hedrick, a biochemist in the Division of Biological
Sciences, UC Davis. “How egg and sperm recognize one
another is a fundamental question in reproductive biology.” [4].
Although the nature of the signal for sperm movement is not
known, there are indications to suggest that attraction of
spermatozoa to a factor(s) released from the egg may be a key
event in the fertilization process and may give insight into the
mechanism underlying early egg-sperm communication [5].
This is indicative of some kind of chemical signaling for
drawing the sperms towards the egg for fertilization. However,
the exact mechanism involved in the fertilization process
particularly the question of how only a single sperm is enabled
to fertilize the ovum is not known. Allah says:
3:6 It is He Who shapes you in the womb as He likes.
This message implies that which sperm must fuse with which
ovum has also been programmed so that the individual
developed from the fusion becomes Allah‟s choice. We do not
have sufficient information on human fertilization to
understand the mechanism involved in bringing together
„biomemetically labelled‟ pair (male and female) of gametes
for their eventual union. Studies conducted with human beings
in this area are scanty. Fertilization of female egg with male
sperm is a highly controlled phenomenon as only one sperm
out of millions in the ejaculated semen is capable of fertilizing
the egg. Further once fertilized by a sperm, the zygote
(fertilized egg) is inaccessible to another sperm. It is closed for
ever. Evidently there is mechanism to guide sperm to the egg it
has to fertilize. In other words, a sperm is programmed to fuse
with certain egg and not at random.
The Quranic revelation is clear indication of the
programmed biodiversification process taking place in human
beings by which Allah creates diversity in human population as
He likes. Each human being represents a new biosoftware and

a link in the biodiversification chain or the Adam-Eve lineage.
The biosoftware of the individual also carries specific set of
instructions for transmission to the next generation. In this way
biodiversification process preserves the continuity and timeline
of a common descent.
The essence of human biodiversification from a single
(Adam‟s) nafs (Q. 4:1) is that the entire human attributes are
biomemetically controlled by Allah. If you inherit the biomeme
that creates the talent to sing, you become a singer; if you don‟t
have that biomeme, you are not a singer. You cannot make
yourself a singer. We (our phenotypes) are what Allah decides
us to be. We are not what we wish to be. We also cannot
choose our parents, place of birth, time of birth, year of birth,
our children, our career, etc. No individual is responsible for
his abilities and disabilities, his pluses and minuses. These are
what Allah has given to him through the biosoftware he
inherits. In spite of that, a person with some special ability
boasts about it as if he is responsible for that. This is
foolishness. We should not attribute development of any ability
or otherwise to the individual. It is Allah Who creates those
abilities and potentials in human beings and not the individuals.
One should not feel superior or inferior to others in this regard.
By creating large phenotypic (hardware) variability, Allah is
testing individuals with wide-ranging physical and mental
abilities. It is also demonstration of the potentials of human
species. Further we should look at the phenotypic potentials of
human beings as signs (ayaat) of Allah‟s power and wisdom
(see chapter 13 for Allah‟s signs in detail). Allah says:
‫ضاآي تااِكْك وِكِك ا ِكٓتا َواْكػ ُكف ِك ُك ما ۚ ا َوفَو َوَلا ػُك ِك‬ ‫َوِكٓت ْك‬
‫لُك َوفا‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك َو ٌ ُك َو َو‬
51:20-21 On the earth are signs for the firm believers, and also
in your own selves. Will you not then see?
‫تااِكَوق ْكوٍءـايُكوِكُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫ث ِكام ٍء‬
ٌ ‫ادا َّز اآيَو‬
‫ِكٓت ِك‬
‫اخ ْكق ُك ْكما َو َوم ايػَوُك ُّ ْك َو‬
‫َو َو‬
‫‪45:4 And there are signs for the firm believers in the creation‬‬
‫‪of yourself and the organisms He disperses.‬‬
‫ام َووَّزدةًنا َو َور ْك َو ًنا ۚ ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكم اآي ِكِكها ْكَوفاخَوقااَو ُك م ِكام ا َواْكػ ُكف ِك ُك ما َوز ِك‬
‫اج ااَو ْك ُك ُكوااإاَوْكػ َوه ا َو َوج َوع َوا ػَوْكػَو ُك ْكم َو‬
‫ْك ْك َو ًن‬ ‫َو َو ْك ْك‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬
‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬
‫إِك َّزف ِكآتا َوذا َو َواْليَو تاا َوق ْكوـايػَوَوػ َوف َّز ُك َواف‬
‫‪30:21 And among His signs is the creation of your spouses‬‬
‫‪from among yourselves so that you find solace with her. And‬‬
‫‪He gave between you love and mercy. Verily in that are signs‬‬
‫‪for those who reflect.‬‬
‫‪30:22 And among His signs is the creation of the skies and the‬‬
‫‪earth, and the variations in your languages and your colours.‬‬
‫‪Verily in that are signs for those with knowledge.‬‬
‫‪A priori knowledge and evolution of science and‬‬
‫‪technology‬‬
‫‪Another event that took place after the creation of‬‬
‫‪Adam is the uploading of knowledgebase in his biosystem. The‬‬
‫‪Holy Quran narrates the story thus (emphasis in italics added).‬‬
‫َوَت َوع ُكاف َوه َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك َو‬ ‫اج ِك ٌ ِكآت ْك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ِك‬
‫وفا َو َو َّز َوما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ِّلسااَو َو ا ۖ ا َو َوؿاإ ِّلِّنا َو ْك َو ُكم َو‬
‫ام َواَلا َوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬ ‫ِّلم َوا َو َوْكْم ُك ااُك َو ِّل ُكحاِبَو ْك َوؾا َو اػُك َوق ُك‬ ‫َو يَو ْك ف ُك ااا َو‬
‫اص ِكد ِك َو ا‬ ‫َوْسَو ِك ا ٰىَو ُكَوَل ِك اإِك ْكف ُك‬
‫اكْكُك ْكم َو‬ ‫ض ُكه ْكما َو َو اااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ِكافَوػ َوق َوؿا َواْكِكئُكوِكِّنا ِكأ ْك‬ ‫اكَّز َوه ُك‬
‫اّتَّزا َو َو َو‬ ‫َوْسَو َو ُك‬
‫ااْل ْك‬
‫آد َوـ ْك‬‫َو‬
‫اآد ُكـا َواْك ْكئػ ُكه ْكما‬
‫ااْلَو ُكما َو َوؿايَو َو‬ ‫تاااْك َوع ُكم ْك‬ ‫ام ا َو َّز ْك َوػَو ا ۖ اإاَّز َو ا َواْك َو‬ ‫ااسْك َوح اَو َو َواَلا ْك َومااَوَو اإَّزَل َو‬ ‫َو اُكو ُك‬
‫ضا‬ ‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َوَلا َوُك ااَو ُك ماإِك ِّلِّنا َو َوما َو بااا َّز ِك‬ ‫َوْسَو ئِك ِكهما ۖ افَوػَو َّز ا َواْكػ أَو ُك ما ِكأ ْك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ْك ُك ْك َو َو َو‬ ‫َوْسَو ئه ْكما َو َوؿا َوْك ْك ْك‬ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫أ ْك ْك‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫اكْكُك ْكما َو ْك ُك ُك َو‬
‫ام ا ػُكْك ُك َوفا َو َوم ُك‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو ُكم َو‬
‫‪2:30-33 Behold! Your Lord said to the angels: I will create a‬‬
‫‪vicegerent on the earth. They said: Will You place therein one‬‬
‫‪who will make mischief therein and shed blood while we‬‬
celebrate Your praises and glorify Your holy (name)? He said:

I know what you do not know. And He taught Adam the names
of all things; then He placed them before the angels and said:
Tell Me the names of these if you are right. They said: Glory to
You, of knowledge we have none except what You have taught
us. In truth it is You Who are perfect in knowledge and
wisdom. He said: O Adam! Tell them their names. When he
told them their names, God said: Did I not tell you that I know
the secret of the sky and the earth, and I know what you reveal
and what you conceal.
The verses reveal that the source of knowledge to both angel

and human species is Allah. What Allah taught Adam
constitutes the knowledge human species is entitled to get. The
term “taught” may be interpreted as uploading knowledge in
Adam‟s biosystem. This forms the repertoire of every kind of
knowledge including scientific and technological knowledge
human species is entitled to get. At another place in the Quran,
it is more explicitly stated that the quantum of knowledge
communicated to human species is finite.
‫َو يَو ْك أَواُكواَو َو ا َو ِك اااُّ ِكحا ۖ ا ُك ِك اااُّ ُكح ِكام ْك ا ْكَوم ِك َوارِّلِبا َو َوم ا ُك ِك ُك ْكم ِكام َو اااْكعِكْك ِكماإِكَّزَلا َوِك ًنَلا‬
17:85 “…Of knowledge it is only a little that is communicated
to you (O men!).”
Viewed from the divine angle, the knowledge gifted to
us by Allah is qualitatively and quantitatively very little. The
use of the phrase “names of things” in verses 2:30-33 is also
suggestive of very little knowledge in the eyes of Allah. It is
clear from the above verses that the source of knowledge is
Allah. The knowledge Allah uploaded to Adam‟s biosystem is
the source of a priori knowledge or the knowledge one inherits
at birth as distinct from that he gains from experience.
The knowledge gifted by Allah to Adam is transmitted
down the germ line so that it reaches generations of mankind in
a phased manner as programmed. This would mean besides
phenotypic characters human beings also receive knowledge at

birth through germ line. Many philosophers have indicated the
existence of a priori knowledge although its source has
remained unknown. German philosopher Immanuel Kant
proposed the a priori and a posteriori notions about
knowledge. According to him, a proposition is knowable a
priori if it is knowable independently of experience. A
proposition is knowable a posteriori if it is knowable on the
basis of experience [6]. Unlike the empiricists, Kant thinks that
a priori knowledge is independent of the content of experience
which is seated in one‟s cognitive faculties, not any particular
experience. There has been a surge of interest in the proper
explication of the notion of a priori [7]. It is knowledge gained
deductively and not through empirical evidence. The
knowledge of mathematics (as opposed to the knowledge
created by mathematics) is a priori. Rationalists believe that
there is a priori knowledge, whereas empiricists believe that all
knowledge is ultimately derived from some kind of external
experience. The Quranic message comes as confirmation of a
priori proposition. It also reveals its source. Although the
notions of a priori and a posteriori are very much alive in
contemporary philosophy and science, there has been no
systematic search to find out the source of a priori knowledge.
Our experience tells that we can access information only if it is
available in our memory. It is impossible for anyone to get new
information through thought process if it is not available in his
memory. The knowledge one brings with him at birth well
before he experiences the outside world constitutes the a priori
knowledge. The Quranic disclosure of the divine source of
knowledge to human beings explains how we obtain
knowledge of hitherto unknown things and phenomena.
Advancement in science and technology as well as in other
fields like arts, literature, etc., must be seen in this light as
programmed release of knowledge by Allah. Scientists,
technologists, novelists, poets, etc., are quite aware that
scientific ideas or the subject matter to write as the case may be
flow into their minds at certain times of their life. They have no
control over it.
The process of transmission of a priori knowledge can
also be explained as biomemetic through germ line like the
human biodiversification phenomenon. A computer or a robot
can retrieve certain information only if that information is
available in its memory. Likewise a human being can retrieve
particular information only if it is available in his memory.
Otherwise he cannot. For example only people who know your
name, i.e., who have stored your name in their memories
(sadr), can tell your name. This means only their minds can
retrieve that information. To put it differently, even if the entire
seven billion plus people now living in the world start thinking
to find out your name, none will get it except those who know
your name. That being the case how can anyone acquire new
information about the universe or technology, if that
information is not available in his memory? If a scientist wants
to conduct an experiment, he should first get that idea. The idea
may be what he derived from already available information in
which case it is a posteriori. However on several occasions it
can be new – not known yet. Idea or information of that kind
cannot pop up on one‟s mind from thin air. It should have
come from his memory. One strikes an idea when it is
downloaded to his mind. (The reader may please note that the
term “download” is also used in this book to mean the process
of transmitting information stored in the memory (sadr) of an
individual onto his mind (qalb) although the term is generally
used in computer science to transfer files, programs, etc., to a
computer from a server kept elsewhere). We call such events as
intuition. We all experience this once in a while. Remember
that our mind is constantly being bombarded with information
(downloading process) we acquired from our experience (a
posteriori) and also with new information (ideas), which we
are not aware of until then. The new information also
originates from our memory. It does not fall under the category
of known (a posteriori) information which we store in our
memory. The new information arrived through germ line. The

source of any information other than a posteriori is Adam‟s
nafs. As the knowledge included in Adam‟s nafs is transmitted
through germ line, its release to mankind in time and space
depends on how it is programmed. Both biodiversification and
transmission of a priori knowledge must be operating in
tandem so that individuals with appropriate phenotypic
attributes are created to receive certain knowledge. When
certain knowledge reaches a zygote biomemetically through
germ line, the individual developed from that zygote carries
that knowledge. That knowledge gets stored in his memory
during development. It will be downloaded onto his mind from
the memory at the time stipulated in his biosoftware. Till then
he will not be even aware of that knowledge. Once downloaded
to the mind, it becomes a piece of known information and the
individual can retrieve it from the memory any time he wants.
Discovery of new information (knowledge) other than that is
gained from experience happens in this way in every sphere of
human activity as programmed by Allah in Adam‟s nafs. As
the Quran puts it:
‫وفا‬ ‫ام ْك َوػ َوق ا ۚ ا َو َوس ْكو َو‬
‫ؼا َوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ا ُك ِّلااػَوَوإ ُك‬
6:67 For every message there is a pre-determined time and
soon you will know it.
If the individual is not the person to release that knowledge, he
will not have access to it. It will not get downloaded to his
mind. He will remain unaware of that knowledge acting as
mere vector to pass on that biomeme(s) to the next generation.
Albert Einstein‟s miracle year came in 1905 when he was 26
years old and working as patent examiner in Bern, Switzerland,
and not as scientist working in a research institute or
university. He proposed that light, which in classical physics is
a wave, could also be thought of as consisting of discrete bits
of energy which he called quanta. The implied wave-particle
duality of light became the cornerstone of the new quantum
theory and this discovery earned him Nobel Prize. Einstein had
that information stored on his chromosomes right from the

zygote stage. It reached his memory during development and
got downloaded onto his mind at the time specified in his
biosoftware – when he was 26 years old!
Another Quranic indication of the programmed release
of knowledge is the inclusion of several verses of scientific
merit in the Quran, which can be comprehended only with the
help of scientific knowledge. The people of Prophet
Muhammad‟s time would have understood those messages
only in the literal sense and not as the people of modern era can
comprehend them with the help of science. This means that
Allah included those messages for the benefit of later
generations of mankind when the required scientific knowledge
is made available by Him (see chapter 4). Inclusion of such
messages in the Quran is suggestive of the programmed future
release of scientific knowledge relating to them through
discoveries and inventions.
The timing of discoveries and inventions, and step by
step upgradation of our knowledge is very much evident from
the history of science. The discoveries did not happen in a
random fashion. We find a sequence from less developed to
more developed ones over time. The timelines of discoveries
and inventions indicate that. This is illustrated with the
example of superconductivity (Fig. 12.3). Superconductivity
was discovered in 1911 by Kamerlingh Onnes. He found that
mercury becomes superconducting at about 4 K. Since then,
discoveries of superconducting materials with higher and
higher transition temperatures (Tc) have been made [8, 9, 10,
11]. The world record of Tc of near 38 0C (100 F or 311 K) as
of 2013 is held by Tl5Pb2Ba2SiCu8O16+ [8].
Many of the discoveries and inventions would also
appear to us as „accidental‟. That is, the discovery that happens
unexpectedly when the scientist involved is not looking for it.
This is suggestive of the programmed nature of release of
knowledge through persons and at times pre-determined by
Allah. Louis Pasteur‟s discovery of cholera vaccine, Alexander

Fleming‟s discovery of the first antibiotic penicillin, William
Perkin‟s discovery of first artificial dye, Roy Plunket‟s
discovery of Teflon, Friedrich August Kekule‟s discovery of
the structure of benzene in a dream are, to name but a few,
„accidental‟ discoveries. In fact most of the major discoveries
and inventions are „accidental‟ ones. A couple of such
discoveries are presented here in some detail for sample.
150
120
Temperature (K)
90
60
30
0
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Year
Fig. 12.3. Programmed release of knowledge about superconducting

materials with higher transition temperatures
Source: http://hoffman.physics.harvard.edu/research/SCintro.php Accessed
11-12-06; http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/Area_of_Interest/Chemistry/
Materials_Science/Energy_Source_Materials/Magnetic_Materials/Tutorial/
Superconductivity.html Accessed 11-12-06; http://hyperphysics.phy-
astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/ scex.html Accessed 12-12-06; http://
superconductors.org/History.htm Accessed 11-12-06
Kamerlingh Onnes‟s discovery of superconductivity
mentioned above itself is one. Onnes studied the electrical
behaviour of metals at low temperatures. Onnes cooled
mercury to about 4 K when surprisingly, the metal became
superconducting. This discovery earned him Nobel Prize in
1913. Superconductivity has been a Nobel-fertile field. The

discoveries of superconducting substances in several cases
have been serendipitous. In Physics World magazine of April
2001 issue, Colin Gough wrote about the discovery of
superconducting magnesium diboride (MgB2) thus: “One of the
most bizarre aspects of this latest discovery is that magnesium
diboride has been sitting on chemists‟ shelves for almost 50
years. No one recognized that it was even an interesting metal
– let alone a record-breaking superconductor.” [12].
One day Sir William Crookes (1832-1919) was passing
a high voltage current through a discharge tube (later known as
Crookes tube). He found that photographic plates kept nearby
had become fogged. To prevent further fogging, he removed
the box from there and kept it in another room. For some
reason or the other, this strange phenomenon did not arouse the
curiosity of that renowned scientist to probe further. Certainly,
the time had not come for the discovery of X-rays or Crookes
was not the person assigned that job by Allah. Shortly after that
in 1885, Wilhem Konard Roentgen was using a Crookes tube
for his experiments at the University of Wurzburg. He also
happened to notice the same effect on photographic plates as
Crookes observed. But this time the phenomenon aroused the
curiosity of the observer. Roentgen preferred to cover the tube
with black paper to prevent any light coming from it rather
than removing the photographic plate from its place. To his
great astonishment, the photographic plate still got fogged as
mere covering of the tube was insufficient to prevent the rays
coming from it. He thus discovered one of the most fascinating
natural phenomena useful to mankind – the X-rays [13].
See what Anthony Hewish, the discoverer of the first

pulsar in 1967 and Nobel laureate from Cambridge University,
says about his discovery, “I only wish I could say that we were
looking for pulsars at the time, but the truth is that my
colleagues and I were studying quasars, the mysterious radio
galaxies situated far beyond the confines of the Milky Way,
when the first pulsar unexpectedly placed its signature upon

our records. By an extremely fortunate twist of fate, the new
radio telescope that we were using was ideally suited to pick up
the rapid succession of faint radio pulses that characterise these
fascinating objects” [13].
What about the Nobel Prize itself? This prize was
instituted by Alfred Nobel with the enormous fortune he could
make from an accidental discovery. The Nobels were
manufactures of liquid nitroglycerine, a powerful explosive
that is dangerous to handle. One day, Alfred Nobel, one of the
sons, was lifting a bottle of nitroglycerine. As he did, he spilled
some of it on a fine powder of kieselghur. Instead of exploding,
it formed a paste with the powder. The mixture was still
explosive but considerably safer to handle. Alfred Nobel thus
discovered the dynamite that brought him a fortune.
The evolution of science and technology thus takes
place as the result of programmed release of knowledge by
Allah to the persons selected by Him. We call those persons
scientists. What prophet is to religion Islam, scientist is to
science. Divine information on language, new literary ideas,
arts, etc., is also released through that process to the people
selected for the purpose and those areas of human knowledge
are also developed the same way. To put it differently, none
will get information about a hitherto unknown phenomenon or
new ideas unless God wills it (Q. 2:255).
‫وفا ِك َو ْك ٍء ِكام ْك ا ِك ْك ِك ِكهاإِكَّزَل ِكاِبَو ا َو َوا ۚ ا‬ ‫َوَل ُكِك‬
‫اٗم طُك َو‬ ‫َو‬
2:255 “….Nor shall they obtain ought from His knowledge
except as He wills….”
Here the statement “as Allah wills it” denotes “as Allah
programmed it”. The world, however, do not accept the truth
that the source of knowledge is Allah. They consider science
and technology as well as other areas of knowledge as merely
products of human intellect and effort. No person has any
ability other than what Allah has given him. None can claim of
any ability as self-created. Any such claim or ego arises out of

sheer ignorance of facts and consequent susceptibility to
satanic influence. Unless one studies the Quran, he will not be
able to understand and realize this. The Quran alone gives us
information on the source of knowledge man receives. We are
mere creations of Allah. We acquire our physical abilities
(phenotype) from the divine program (biomemome) stored in a
microscopic biochip (zygote). We also receive new knowledge
that way from the zygote. We do not generate anything; the
divine biosoftware does it.
An important purpose of giving us scientific and
technological knowledge by Allah is to enable us to utilize the
resources He has provided on Earth for our requirements (see
chapter 13) during the test programme. Scientific knowledge
also improves our comprehension of Allah‟s messages
conveyed through the Quran (see chapter 4) and it makes us
realize the infinite knowledge, wisdom and power of our
Creator Allah.
References
Adam Publishers, New Delhi, India.
2. Ali. A. Y. 1983. The Holy Quran: Text, Translation and
Commentary. Amana Corp, Maryland, p. 25, n. 52.
Rendering of the Holy Quran. Adam Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi, India.
4. Guin, K. The facts of life. UC Davis Magazine,

http://ucdmag.ucdavis.edu/su96/ magTOC.html.
5. Ralt et al. 1991. Sperm attraction to a follicular factor(s)
correlates with human egg fertilizability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA. 88(7): 2840–2844.
6. Kant, I. 1781. Critique of Pure Reason, trans. N.K. Smith.

London: Macmillan, 1929.
7. Boghossian, P. and Peacocke, C. 2000. New Essays on the A
Priori.doi:10.1093/0199241279.001.0001.
8. http://superconductors.org/38c_rec.htm Accessed April 29,
2014.
9. http://hoffman.physics.harvard.edu/research/SCintro.php
Accessed 11-12-06.
10.http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/Area_of_Interest/Chemistry/
Materials_Science/Energy_Source_Materials/Magnetic_Materi
als/Tutorial/Superconductivity.html Accessed 11-12-06.
11. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/
scex.html Accessed 12-12-06;
12. http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/14/4/2 Retrieved
December 11, 2006.
13. The Book of Popular Science, 1972, Vol. 5, Grolier Inc.,
USA.
13. PLANET EARTH – HUMAN ROBOT

TESTING LABORATORY
The universe we observe today is a fully developed
system going through its post-development phase comparable
to human life after attaining adulthood. The universe must be
treated, studied, understood and taught as a system from the
divine perspective. Through several verses the Quran reiterates
that Allah created Earth and skies with purpose and also
reveals what the purpose is (see chapter 5). The purpose of
creating the universe is to provide infrastructure facility for
human robot testing. The Quran invariably refers to the
universe as “the skies and the earth” giving so much
prominence to the earth because it is created by Allah as the
laboratory facility to test human robots. The planet Earth is
therefore so designed by Allah to serve as the habitat of man.
The provisions given therein are to meet all the human
requirements stipulated in the human biosoftware (Adam‟s
nafs). The present Earth is a simulated miniature replica of the
final abode, Heaven, promised by Allah to the successful
human robots.
The scientific community argues that the universe
originated by chance with no purpose to serve. Earth is
considered as just a planet like any other planet. Any view
about the universe and human life disregarding divine purpose
of creation will only prove to be erroneous and unscientific.
Examination of the universe particularly Earth in the light of
divine purpose will reveal close correspondence between the
divine objective stated in the Quran and ground realities. This
correspondence is yet another undeniable scientific proof of the
divinity of the Quran and existence of God Almighty [1]. Such
an examination will bring into focus how Earth and
extraterrestrial space are designed and created to achieve the
divine objective of testing human robots.
Design of Earth vis-à-vis the divine objective

Earth as the venue of human robot testing is central to
the divine mission with His creations. A lot of information is
now available on various aspects of Earth that will help
understand the planet from the standpoint of divine mission [2,
3, 4]. NASA website also gives extensive information.
Studies in astronomy picked up momentum only during
the last century. For centuries, astronomers believed that our
galaxy, the Milky Way, made up the entire universe. Now we
know ours is not the only galaxy; there are billions of galaxies
spaced far between. The Quran reveals to us that the cosmic
space surrounding Earth is organized into seven strata (see
chapter 4). This aspect is yet to be studied however. Studies on
the stratification of cosmos would certainly throw light on the
organizational pattern and distribution of galaxies. A galaxy is
a huge collection of millions of stars, dust and gas. The Milky
Way is a spiral galaxy consisting of more than 100 billion stars.
It is supposed to have come into existence ten to fifteen billion
years ago. The earth is part of the solar system in the Milky
Way. Solar system is situated on the outer edge of the Milky
Way about 28000 light years from the galactic centre [2]. It
takes 225 million years to complete one revolution around the
Milky Way. Our sun, located centrally in the solar system, is a
medium-sized yellow star. It makes up 99.8 per cent of the
mass of the solar system. Its diameter is 1,390,000 km.
Following the recent de-recognition of the planet Pluto, there
are now eight planets belonging to the solar system. These are
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune. Besides, it also has at least three dwarf planets (Pluto
is now treated as a dwarf planet), more than 130 planetary
satellites, a large number of asteroids (rocky objects in space
ranging from a few meters wide to several hundred kilometers)
and comets, and the interplanetary medium.
Earth is the fifth largest planet in the solar system
which is situated third from the sun. Earth is supposed to have
come into existence 4.5 to 4.6 billion years ago. The earth
weighs 5.972 x 1021 metric tons and orbits around the sun at an
average distance of 149669180 km. While orbiting the sun the
earth also rotates with a tilt of 23.5o on its axis. The duration to
complete one full rotation (360o) is reckoned as one day. The
rotational speed of the earth starts at zero at either geographic
pole and increases toward the equator, where it reaches its
maximum of about 1669 km per hour. It takes 365.2422 days
to orbit the sun. This duration forms the basis of reckoning a
year in Julian calendar as well as in Gregorian calendar. The
earth pulls every object towards its centre. This gravitational
force prevents every object from being thrown out into the
space by its spin. Earth has a satellite, the moon. Its radius is
1738 km. The moon is at a distance of about 384000 km from
the earth. The moon takes about 27.32 days to orbit Earth.
Lunar calendar is based on cycles of the lunar phase. Hijri
calendar followed by the Muslim community is a lunar
calendar. As with the earth, the rotational speed starts at zero
at either geographic pole and increases toward the lunar
equator, where it reaches its maximum of about 16.7 km per
hour. A characteristic feature of the components of the universe
be it a satellite, planet, star or galaxy, is their constant motion
in their prescribed orbits. This is highlighted in the Quran at
several places.
‫اّتَّز ْك‬‫اتا ِكغَو ْكِك ا َو َو ٍءا َوػَو ْك اػَو َوه ا ۖ ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْليَو تااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َوق َوارِّل ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل ُك ْك‬‫ااْل ْكَومَو ايػُك َوف ِّل‬ ۚ
‫ام َو ًّ ا ايُك َو ػِّلُك ْك‬ ‫َوج ٍء ُك‬‫اٖم ِكياْل َو‬
‫اك َوْك‬ ۖ
‫َوااْك َوق َو َو ا ُك‬
‫وف‬
Lord.

21:33 It is He Who created the night and the day, and the sun
and the moon; all (the celestial bodies) swim along, each in its
rounded course.
It is the orbital motion that creates day and night, seasons, tides
etc. We take the durations of orbital motions of the earth and
the moon as the basis for calendars. Allah has also prescribed
twelve months for a year.
‫ِك‬ ‫اآتاكِك ِك ِك‬ ‫إِك َّزفا ِك َّز ةَوااا ُّه ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ضا‬ ‫باااَّزهايػَو ْكوَوـ َو‬
‫اخَو َوقااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫ورا ْك َو اااَّزهااثْكػَو ا َو َو َو ا َو ْكهًن ِك َو‬ ‫ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬
‫احُك ٌـا ۚ ا َوذا َو ااا ِّلي ُك اااْك َوقِّل ُكما ۚ افَو َوَلا َوظْك ُك وااف ِكه َّز ا َواْكػ ُكف َو ُك ْكما ۚ ا َو َو ُكوااااْك ُك ْك ِكك َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫مْكػ َوه ا ْكَورػَو َوع ٌ ُك‬
‫ام َوعاااْك ُك ِكَّزق َوا‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَو َو‬ ‫اك َو ايػُك َوق ِكُكواَو ُك ْكم َو‬
‫اك فَّز ًنا ۚ ا َوا ْك َو ُك واا َّز‬ ‫َوك فَّز ًن َو‬
9:36 The number of months in the sight of Allah is twelve
(in a year) as per Record of Allah on the day He created the
skies and the earth. Of these four are (sacred) prohibited (for
war); that is the straight religion. So do not wrong yourselves
in them (i.e., during those months). And fight all the mushriks
as they fight you all. And know that Allah is with the God-
conscious.
Accordingly a year is formed of twelve months. We follow it
by default as this information has been incorporated by Allah
in Adam‟s nafs and it is from that source we get that
information like we get knowledge of science and technology
(discussed in chapter 12). Motion of those celestial bodies has
been designed so by the Creator for the benefit of man.
Through several verses in the Quran Allah describes and
informs us the way He created the universal components to
meet the purposes envisaged in His mission in accordance with
human needs specified in Adam‟s nafs.
‫ل اا ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َواْلي ٍء‬
‫َو َو‬
‫واااَّز ِكذياجع ااَو ُك ماااَّز ااِكَو ُك ُكواافِك ِكها ااػَّزه ر ِك‬
‫امْك ًن‬
‫َو َو َو ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو ُك ْك َو ْك‬ ‫ُك َو‬
‫وف‬
10:67 It is He who made for you the night to rest therein and
the day to make things visible (to you). Verily in that are signs
for those who listen (to His message).
‫ضِك ِكها َو اَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َو ْك ُك ُك َوفا‬ ‫ُك ُكواافِك ِكها اِك ػغُكو ِك‬
‫اام ْك افَو ْك‬
‫ِكم ار ْك ِك ِكهاجع ااَو ُك ماااَّز ا اا ػ ِك‬
‫َو َوْكَو‬ ‫َّزه َورااَو ْك‬
‫َو ْك َو َو َو َو َو ُك ْك َو َو َو‬
28:73 It is out of His mercy He made the night and day for
you to rest therein (i.e., in the night) and to seek from His
Grace (in the day) and that you may become grateful.
‫ضِك ِكها ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َواْلي ٍء‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫َّزه ِكرا َوا ْكِكغَو ُكؤُكك ْكم ِكام ْك افَو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫امَو ُكم ُك ْكما اَّزْك ِك ا َواا ػ َو‬
‫ِك ِكِك‬
‫وف‬
30:23 Among His signs are your sleep in the night and your
seeking (livelihood) from His bounty during the day. Verily in
that are signs for those who hear.
‫ااَّزهاااَّز ِكذياجع ااَو ُك ماااَّز ااِكَو ُك ُكواافِك ِكها ااػَّزه رام ِك‬
‫لًناا ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوااَو ُكذ افَو ْك‬
‫ض ٍء ا َو َو اااَّز ِكسا‬ ‫َو َو َو ُك ْك‬ ‫َو َو َو ُك ْك َو ْك‬ ‫ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو ٰىاَو َّز ا ْك‬
‫َوكثَوػَو اااَّز ِكس َواَلايَو ْك ُك ُك َواف‬
40:61 It is Allah Who made the night for you, that you may rest
therein, and the days as that which helps (you) to see. Verily
Allah is full of Grace and Bounty to men: yet most men give
no thanks.
‫ض ًنَلا‬ ‫جع ْك اااَّز ا ااػَّزه راآيػ ػ ِك ا ۖ افَو حواَو اآي َواااَّز ِك ا جع ْك اآي َواااػَّزه ِكرام ِك ِك‬
‫لَوًنةااَوْكَوػغُكواافَو ْك‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو ْك َو َو َو َو َو َو ُك ْك‬ ‫َو َو َو َو ْك َو َو َو َو َوَو ْك‬
‫ل ْكَو ها َوػ ْكف ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِكم ارِّل ُك ما اِك ػعَو واا َو دااا ِّل ِك ا ْكِك‬
‫ل ًنا‬
‫َل‬ ‫با ۚ ا َو ُكك َّزا َو ْك افَو َّز ُك‬
‫اْل َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫ْك َو ْك َو َو ْك ُك َو َو‬
17:12 We have made the night and the day as two (of Our)
signs: the sign of the night have We obscured, while the sign of
the day We have made to enlighten you; that you may seek
bounty from your Lord, and that you may know the number
and count of the years. And We have explained everything in
detail.

‫اتا ِكأ ْكَوم ِكهِكا ۗ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىذَواِك َو ا‬ٌ ‫ام َو َّزخَو‬
‫وـ ُك‬ ‫سا َوااْك َوق َو َو ا ۖ ا َواا ُك‬
‫ُّج ُك‬ ‫َّزه َورا َواا َّز ْك َو‬ ‫َو َوس َّزخَو ااَو ُك ُكماااَّزْك َوا َواا ػ َو‬
‫اُمْكَوِك ًنف ا َواْك َووااُكهُكا ۗ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َو َواْليَو ًنااِكَوق ْكوٍءـا‬
‫ض ُك‬ ‫تااِكَوق ْكوٍءـايػَو ْكع ِكقُك َو‬
‫وفا َو َوم ا َوذ َورَوااَو ُك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َوْلي ٍء‬
‫َو‬
‫يَو َّزذ َّزكُك َوفاا‬
16:12-13 He has subjected the night and the day, and the sun
and the moon to you. The stars are (also) subjected (to you) by
His command. Verily in that are signs for people who apply
their mind. And (He has subjected to you) the things which He
created on this earth in diverse colours. Indeed in that are signs
for people who think.
‫س َّزخ ااَو ُك مااا َّز سا ااْك َوق ِك‬
‫ادائَوػ ْك ِك ا ۖ ا َو َوس َّزخَو ااَو ُك ُكماااَّزْك َوا َواا ػ َو‬
‫َّزه َورا‬ ‫َو َو َو ُك ْك َو َو َو َو َو‬
14:33 And He had subjected to you the sun and the moon, both
diligently pursuing their courses; and the night and the day has
he (also) made subject to you.
‫اج َوع ْكَو ِكآتااا َّز َو ِك ا ػُكُك ًنج ا َو َوزيػَّزَّز َو ااِك َّز ِكظ ِكي َوا‬
15:16 We (i.e., Allah) have made constellations in the sky and
made them beautiful to the beholders.
‫با‬
except with truth. He (i.e., Allah) explains the signs for people
who understand.
‫ِك‬ ‫اس اج ا َو ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اام ًناا َو ُك َوواااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياج َوع َواااَّزْك َوا‬ ‫ياج َوع َو ِكآتااا َّز َو ا ػُكُك ًنج ا َو َوج َوع َواف َوه َو ًن َو َو ًن ُك‬ ‫َوػَو َورَوؾاااَّزذ َو‬
‫اخ ْك َوف ًنااِك َو ْك ا َوَور َوادا ْكَوفايَو َّزذ َّزكَو ا َوْك ا َوَور َوادا ُك ُك ًنورااا‬
‫ااػَّزه ر ِك‬
‫َو َو َو‬
25:61-62 Blessed is He who made constellations in the skies

and placed therein a lamp (i.e., the sun) and a shining moon.
And it is He who made the night and the day to follow each
other for those who would like to think or show gratitude (to
Him).
‫ت ِكام َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ُكواِكياااَّز ِكآتاااػَّزه ِكرا ُكواِكياااػَّزه ر ِكآتاااَّز ِك ا ۖ ا ُكَّتْك ِكج ْك ِك‬
‫ِكجاااْك َو ِّل َو‬
‫ااْلَو َّز ام َو اااْك َو ِّلتا َو ُكَّتْك ُك‬ ‫ْك َو ُك‬ ‫َو َو ُك َو َو‬ ‫ُك ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك ا َو َو ُكا ِكغَو ْكِك اح َو ٍءا‬
‫ب‬ ‫اْلَو ِّل ا ۖ ا َو َوػ ْك ُكز ُكؽ َو‬
‫ْك‬
3:27 You (Allah) cause the night enter into the day and You
cause the day enter into the night. You bring the living out of
the dead and You bring the dead out of the living. You give
sustenance to whom You please without measure.
‫اّتَّزاااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬

‫اك َوفُك اا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضا َو َوج َوع َواااظُُّك َو تا َواا َو‬
‫ُّورا ۖ ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ْك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اْلَو ْك ُك ااَّزهاااَّزذ َو‬
‫ِكَو ِّلِبِك ْكمايػَو ْكع ِكاُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
and made the darkness and the light. Yet those who reject Faith
equate others with their Guardian-Lord.
‫ام ْك اإِكٰىاَوهٌا َوْكػُك اااَّز ِكهايَوأْك ِك ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اج َوع َواااَّزهُكا َو َوْك ُك ُكماااَّزْك َو َو‬
‫اس ْك َوم ًن ااإ َو ٰىَلايػَو ْكوـاااْكقَو َوم َو‬ ‫ُك ْك ا َوَورَويْكػُك ْكماإ ْكف َو‬
‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ضَو ٍء ا ۖ ا َوفَو َوَلا َو ْك َو ُكع َو‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ام ْك ا‬
‫اس ْك َوم ًن ااإ َو ٰىَلايػَو ْكوـاااْكقَو َوم َو‬ ‫َّزه َور َو‬ ‫اج َوع َواااَّزهُكا َو َوْك ُك ُكمااا ػ َو‬
‫وفا ُك ْك ا َوَورَويْكػُك ْكماإ ْكف َو‬
‫اج َوع َوااَو ُك ُكماااَّزْك َوا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫إِكٰىاَوها َو ػ اااَّز ِكهايأْك ِك ُك ما ِكَو ٍء ا َو ُك ُك َو ِك ِك‬
‫وفاف ها ۖ ا َوفَو َوَلا ػُكْكلُك َوفا َو م ْك َوار ْك َو ه َو‬ ‫ٌ ْك ُك َو ْك ْك ْك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫اا ػ ِك‬
‫ض ها َو اَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َو ْك ُك ُك َوفاا‬ ‫َّزه َورااَو ْك ُك ُكوااف ِكها َو اَوْكَوػغُكواام ْك افَو ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو َو‬
28:71-73 Say: Do you not see that if Allah were to make the
night persist for you till the Day of Judgment, which God other
than Allah can bring you light? Will you not then listen? Say:
Do you not see that if Allah were to make the day persist for
you till the Day of Judgment, which God other than Allah can
bring you night in which you can rest? Will you not then see?
It is out of His mercy He made the night and day for you to rest
therein (i.e., in the night) and to seek from His Grace (in the
day) and that you may become grateful.
‫َو ا َوػ ْكق ِكيُك اااْك َوع ِكي ِك اااْك َوعِك ِكما‬ ‫ااْلص ِكحا جع اااَّز اس َو ا اا َّز سا ااْك َوق اح اًن ا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك‬
‫فَو ا ُكق ْكِك ْك َو َو َو َو َو ْك َو َو ًن َو ْك َو َو َو َو ُك ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫تا‬ ‫ااْلي ِك‬ ‫ۗ ا َو ْك افَو َّز‬ ‫ااِب ِكآتاظُكُك ِك‬
‫تاااْكَوػِّل ا َوااْكَو ْكح ِك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫واااَّز ِكذياجع ااَو ُك ماااُّج ِك‬
‫ٍء‬
‫اِكَوق ْكوـايػَو ْكعَو ُك َو‬
‫وفاا‬
‫‪6:96-97 It is He who cleaves the dawn (from the dark). He‬‬
‫‪made the night calm (for rest) and the sun and moon for‬‬
‫‪reckoning (of time). That is the system ordained by (Allah), the‬‬
‫‪Mighty, the Omniscient. It is He who made the stars for you to‬‬
‫‪serve as guidance in the darkness of the land and the sea. We‬‬
‫‪explain Our signs for people who know.‬‬
‫وفَواجع ْكَو افِك ه اجَّز ٍء‬
‫ت ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫احًّ افَو ْكهُكايَوأْك ُككُك َو َو َو َو َو‬ ‫َوخَو ْكجَو امْكػ َوه َو‬
‫َوحَوػْكػَو َو ا َو ْك‬
‫ضاااْك َو ْكَو ُكا ْك‬
‫اَلُك ُكم ْك‬
‫َوآيَوٌ َو‬
‫اام ْك َواْثَوِكهِكا َو َوم ا َو ِك َوْكهُكا َويْك ِك ِكيه ْكما ۖ ا َوفَو َوَلايَو ْك ُك ُك َوفاا‬
‫وفااِك أْك ُككُكو ِك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬
‫َوٓم ٍء ا َو َو ْك َو با َو فَو َّزج ْكاَو اف َوه ام َو اااْك ُكعُك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫‪36:33-35 The dead earth is a sign for them. We give life to it‬‬
‫‪and We produce grain from it of which you eat. And We‬‬
‫‪produce therein gardens of date palms and grapes and We‬‬
‫‪cause springs to gush forth therein – for them to eat from its‬‬
‫‪fruits. It was not their hands that made it. Will they not be then‬‬
‫?)‪grateful (to Me‬‬
‫ااكْكُك ْكم ِكآتاااْك ُكف ْك ِك ا َو َوجَويْك َو ِكاِبِك ْكما ِك ِك ٍء‬
‫يحاطَوِّلَو ٍءا‬ ‫اح َّز ٰىَّتاإِك َوذ ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ُك َوواااَّزذيايُك َو ِّلػُكُكك ْكم ِكآتاااْكَوػِّل ا َوااْكَو ْكح ِك ا ۖ َو‬
‫ط ِكاِبِك ْكما ۙ ا‬
‫ام َو ٍءفا َو ظَوُّواا َوا ُكػَّزه ْكما ِكُكح َو‬ ‫اك ِّل َو‬ ‫يحا َو ِكص ٌ ا َو َوج َو ُك ُكماااْك َو ْكو ُكج ِكام ْك ُك‬ ‫اج ْكػ َوه ِك‬
‫ار ٌ‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫َو فَو ُكحوااِبَو َو َو‬
‫ل َو ااَوهُكااا ِّلي َو ااَوئِك ْك ا ْكَوّمَوْكَوػَو ِكام ْك ا ٰىَو ِكذهِكااَوَو ُك واَو َّز ِكام َو ااا َّز كِك ِكي َوا‬‫اُمْكِك ِك‬
‫َود َو ُكوااااَّزهَو ُك‬
‫‪10:22 It is He who enables you to travel in the land and sea.‬‬
‫‪Thus when you are in ships and the ships are sailing with them‬‬
‫‪under favourable wind (condition) and they are enjoying it,‬‬
‫‪there comes a stormy wind producing waves from all sides and‬‬
‫‪they think they have been surrounded, they pray to Allah‬‬
‫‪sincerely offering (their) duty solely to Him: “If You save us‬‬
‫”‪from this, we shall truly be among those grateful (to You).‬‬
‫يحافَوػَوظْكَوْك َو َوارَواكِك َو ا َو َو ٰى اظَو ْكه ِكِكها ۚ ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬

‫اك ْكْلَو ْك َوَلـاإ ْكفايَو َو أْكايُك ْك ِك اااِّل َو‬ ‫َو ِكم ْك اآيَو ِكِكه ْك‬
‫ااْلَوَوو ِكار ِكآتاااْكَو ْكح ِك َو‬
‫اكثِك ٍء اا‬ ‫ورا َوْك ايُكوِك ْكق ُكه َّز ِكاِبَو َو‬ ‫ٍء ِك‬ ‫ٰى ِك‬
‫اك َو ُكواا َو يػَو ْكع ُك ا َو ْك َو‬ ‫إِك َّزف ِكآتاذَوا َو َواْليَو تاا ُك ِّل َو‬
‫اصَّز ٍءرا َو ُك ٍء‬
42:32-34 And among His signs are the huge mountain-like

(ships) sailing in the sea. If He wants, He can make the wind
still; then they (i.e., ships) would stay motionless on its (i.e.,
sea) surface. Verily in this are signs for the patient and the
grateful ones. Or He can destroy them (i.e., ships) because of
what they have earned (for their evil deeds); but many (of the
sins) He forgives.
‫ضِك ِكها ۚ اإِكاَّزه َو ِك ِك‬ ‫رُّ ُك ماااَّز ِكذيايػ ِكج ااَو ُك ماااْك ُكف ْك َو ِكآتاااْك ح ِك ااِك ػغُكو ِك‬
‫اك َوفا ُك ْكم َوارح ًن‬‫ُك‬ ‫اام ْك افَو ْك‬ ‫َو ْك َوْكَو‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫ُكْك‬ ‫َو ُك‬
17:66 It is your Lord who makes the ship sail smoothly for
you through the sea to enable you to seek of His bounty.
Indeed He is most merciful to you.
These verses are self explanatory. Through these verses Allah
draws particular attention to the orbital motion of Earth, the
moon, etc., and several other phenomena like the wind and rain
indicating that the natural phenomena and rules (in the
abioprogram) are so prescribed by Allah as to benefit man. In
other words, natural laws and characteristics (e.g., mass,
gravitational force, speed of rotation, orbital motion, etc.) of
Earth, the moon, the sun, etc. are so prescribed by Allah as to
create day and night, phenomena like wind, rain, etc., in
accordance with the human requirements stipulated in the
microbioprogram of the species (Adam‟s nafs).
Being the centre for testing human robots, Allah has
provided sustenance and resources on the earth for His test
subjects enough to last the entire period of the test. Whatever
there is on the earth, it is created for mankind.
‫ضام ػ َوق ا م عاإِك َو ٰىَل ِك‬
‫اح ٍءا‬ ‫ض ُك ْكمااِكَوػ ْكع ٍء‬
‫ضا َو ُك ا ۖ ا َو اَو ُك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬
ٌ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك ُك ْك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫َو َوؿاا ْك ِكطُكواا ػَو ْكع ُك‬
7:24 “…On the earth will be your dwelling place and your
means of livelihood for a term.”
‫ِك ِك ِك ِك ۖ ِك ِك‬ ‫اآت ِكِك‬ ‫ِك‬

‫ورا‬ ‫ضاذَواُك ًنوَلافَو ْكم ُك و ِك َو‬
‫امَو ك َوه ا َو ُككُكواام ْك ارْكز ها ا َو إاَوْكهاااُّ ُك ُك‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫ُك َوواااَّزذ َو‬
‫‪67:15 It is He Who has made the earth manageable for you, so‬‬
‫‪traverse you through its tracts and enjoy of the sustenance‬‬
‫‪which He furnishes: but to Him is the Resurrection.‬‬
‫‪2:29 “It is He Who created for you all things that are on the‬‬
‫”‪earth….‬‬
‫َّزه َورااُك ُك ًنورا‬
‫اسَو ًن ا َو َوج َوع َوااا ػ َو‬ ‫َو ُك َوواااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياج َوع َوااَو ُك ُكماااَّزْك َوااَو ًنس ا َواا ػ ْكَّزوَوـ ُك‬
‫‪25:47 And it is He who made the night a cloth and sleep a rest‬‬
‫‪for you. And He made the day a wakening (to become active).‬‬
‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ُك ِك ْك ِك ِك‬
‫اخَو َوقا‬ ‫وفا َّزَوم ْك َو‬ ‫اخْكػٌ ا َّزَوم ايُك ْك ِكُكك َو‬
‫ااصطَوَوف ٰى ا ۗ اآاَّزهُك َو‬ ‫ااْلَو ْك ُك ااَّزها َو َوس َوَل ٌـا َو َو ٰى ا َو دهاااَّزذي َو ْك‬
‫اك َوفا‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫اتا ْكاْلَورضا َواْكػ َوؿااَو ُك م ِكام ااا َّز ِك ام افَوأَواْكػ ْكػَو ا ِكِكه ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اتا ػَو ْكه َوج َو‬ ‫اح َو ائ َوقا َوذ َو‬‫َو‬ ‫اا َّز َو َو َو ْك َو َو َو ْك َو َو َو ًن َو‬
‫ضا َوػَو ًناراا‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬
‫اج َوع َو ْك‬ ‫ام َوعاااَّز ِكها ۚ ا َو ْك ا ُك ْكما َوػ ْكوٌـايػَو ْكع ِكاُك َو‬
‫وفا َّزَوم ْك َو‬
‫ِكٰى‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اَو ُك ْكما ْكَوفا ُكػْك ُكواا َو َوجَو َو ا ۗ ا َوإاَوهٌ َو‬
‫ام َوعاااَّز ِكها ۚ ا َو ْك ا‬ ‫ِكٰى‬ ‫اَل ار ِكاس ا جع ا ػ اااْك ح ي ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اح جًناا ۗ ا َوإاَوهٌ َو‬ ‫َو َوج َوع َواخ َوَل َوَلَو ا َواْكػ َوه ًنراا َو َوج َوع َو َوَو َو َو َو َو َو َو َو َو ْك َو َو ْك َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫وفا َّزَوم ُكِك‬
‫اخَو َوف َوا‬‫ااد َو هُكا َو يَو ْك ُك ااا ُّ وَوا َو َوْكٖم َوعُك ُك ْكم ُك‬ ‫ضطَوَّز اإِكذَو َو‬ ‫باااْك ُك ْك‬
‫اٖم ُك‬ ‫َوكثَوػُك ُك ْكم َواَلايػَو ْكعَو ُك َو ْك‬ ‫ْك‬
‫تاااْكَوػِّل ا َوااْكَو ْكح ِك ا َو َوم ْك ا‬ ‫ضا ۗ ا َوإِكٰىاَوهامعاااَّز ِكها ۚ ا َوِك ًنَلام ا َو َوذ َّزك َوفا َّزَوم ايػه ِكي ُك م ِكآتاظُكُك ِك‬ ‫ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫َو‬ ‫ْك َو ْك ْك‬ ‫َو ُك‬ ‫ٌ َو َو‬
‫ام َوعاااَّز ِكها ۚ ا َوػ َوع َوَلاااَّزهُكا َو َّز ايُك ْك ِكُكك َو‬
‫وفا َّزَوم ْك ايػَوْك َو ُكا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِكٰى‬
‫يػُكْكس ُكاااِّليَو َوحا ُك ْك ًناا ػَو ْك َو ايَو َو ْكي َوار ْك َو ها ۗ ا َوإاَوهٌ َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ام َوعاااَّز ِكها ۚ ا ُك ْك ا َو ُكواا ػُكْك َو اَو ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِكٰى‬
‫ضا ۗ ا َوإاَوهٌ َو‬ ‫اّتَّزايُكعِك ُك هُكا َو َوم ْك ايػَوْك ُكزُك ُك ْكم ِكام َو ااا َّز َو ِك ا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫اْلَوْك َوق ُك‬
‫ْك‬
‫باإِكَّزَلاااَّزهُكا ۚ ا َو َوم ايَو ْك ُكعُك َوفا‬ ‫اكْك ماص ِكد ِك ا ُك َواَلايػعَومام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضاااْكغَوْك َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫إ ْكف ُك ُك ْك َو َو ْك َو ْك ُك َو ْك‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫َويَّز َوفايػُكْكػ َوعثُك َو‬
‫‪27:59-65 Say: Praise be to Allah and peace on his servants‬‬
‫‪(prophets) whom He has chosen. Is Allah better or what they‬‬
‫‪associate (with Him)? Or (the One) who created the skies and‬‬
‫‪the earth and who sent down rain for you from the sky? Then‬‬
‫‪with it We produced beautiful gardens (i.e., crops). You cannot‬‬
‫‪make the trees in them grow. Is there (another) God along with‬‬
‫‪Allah? Nay, they are people who deviate (from truth). Or (the‬‬
‫‪One) who made the earth a habitat, made rivers through it, set‬‬
thereon nails (i.e., mountains) and made a barrier between two

seas? Is there (another) God along with Allah? Nay, most of
them do not realize. Or (the One) who answers (the prayers of)
the distressed when he calls upon Him and who removes evil
and makes you representatives of the earth? Is there (another)
God along with Allah? Little do they think. Or (the One) who
guides you through the darkness of the land and the sea, and
who sends the winds as good news before (the arrival of) His
mercy (i.e., the rain)? Is there (another) God along with Allah?
Exalted is Allah above what they associate with Him! Or (the
One) who originates creation then repeats it, and who gives
you sustenance from the sky and the earth? Is there (another)
God along with Allah? Say: Bring your evidence, if you are
telling the truth. Say: None in the skies or in the earth knows
the unseen except Allah nor do they know when they shall be
raised up (for Judgment).
‫اص َووَورُكك ْكما َو َورَوزَو ُك ْكم ِكام َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوح َو َو ُك‬
‫ص َّزوَورُكك ْكمافَوأ ْك‬
‫ضا َوػَو ًناراا َواا َّز َو َوا َو ًنا َو َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬
‫ياج َوع َوااَو ُك ُكم ْك‬ ‫ااَّزهُكاااَّزذ َو‬
‫باااْك َوع اَو ِك َوا‬ ُّ ‫تا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك ُك ُكماااَّزهُك َوارُّ ُك ْكما ۖ افَوػَوَو َورَوؾاااَّزهُك َوار‬
‫ااطَّزِّل ِك‬
‫َو‬
40:64 It is Allah who made the earth habitat for you and the
sky a canopy. He gave you shape and perfected your shape,
and provided for you sustenance from good things. That is
Allah, your Lord. Glory to Allah, the Lord of the worlds.
‫اسُك ًنَلافِك َوج ًنج اا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااْلَور َو ِك‬
‫ضا َو طًن ااَو ْك ُك ُك واامْكػ َوه ُك‬ ‫َوااَّزهُك َو‬
‫اج َوع َوااَو ُك ُكم ْك ْك‬
71:19-20 And Allah made the earth a spread-out (i.e., as
carpet) for you to enable you to go about the spacious paths.
‫ااْلَورض ِكامه داا ْكِك‬

‫اسَو ًن ا َو َوج َوع ْكَو ا‬
‫اج ا َو َوج َوع ْكَو ااػَو ْكوَوم ُك ْكم ُك‬‫اْلَو َوؿا َوْك َو ًنداا َو َوخَو ْكقَو ُكك ْكما ْكَوزَو ًن‬ ‫اّم َوع ِك ْك ْك َو َو ًن َو‬ ‫َوَلْك َوْك‬
‫َو‬
‫اج ا َو َّز ًنج ا َو َواْكػَواْكَو ا‬ ‫اسْكػ ًنع ا َو ًناداا َو َوج َوع ْكَو اسَو ًن‬ ‫ام َوع ًن ا َو ػَوَوػْكػَو افَوػ ْكوَو ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫ااَّزْك َوااَو ًنس ا َو َوج َوع ْكَو ااا ػ َو‬
‫َّزه َور َو‬
‫تا َواْك َوف فًن اا‬ ‫اتام اثَو َّزج ج ااِكُكخ ِكجا ِكِكهاحًّ ا اػَو ًن ا جَّز ٍء‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫م َو اااْك ُك ْكعلَو َو ًن ًن ْك َو َو َو َو َو َو‬
78:6-16 Have We not made the earth a vast expanse? And the
mountains as pegs? And created you in pairs? And made your
sleep rest? And made the night a cloth? And made the day (for
earning) livelihood? And built over you the powerful seven

(skies)? And placed (therein) a blazing lamp? And sent down
from the clouds water in abundance to produce with it cereals
and (different) plants and gardens with luxuriant vegetation?
‫ِك ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااْلَور ِك‬
‫ام ًنافُكػَوا ًن اا‬
‫َوس َوقْكػَو ُكك ْكم َو‬
‫َوحَو ًنا َو ْكَوم َووا ًن ا َو َوج َوع ْكَو اف َوه َوارَواس َو ا َو ُمَو تا َو ْك‬ ‫اّم َوع ِك ْك ْك َو‬
‫ضاك َوف ًن ا ْك‬ ‫َوَلْك َوْك‬
‫َو‬
77:25-27 Have We not made the earth a receptacle (for) the
living and the dead, and made therein high mountains standing
firm and gave you pure water?
‫اض َوح َو ا‬
‫َوخَو َوج ُك‬ ‫ُّاخ ْك ًنق ا ِكَوـااا َّز َو ُكا ۚ ا ػَوَو َو َوارفَو َوع َو‬
‫اْسْك َو َوه افَو َو َّزوا َو ا َو َو ْك طَو َو ااَوْكػَو َوه ا َو ْك‬ ‫َوَواْكػُك ْكما َو َو َو‬
‫امَو ًن ااَو ُك ْكما‬ ‫ْكاْلَورضا ػع َو ا ٰىَوذاِك َو ادح ا َوخ ج ِكامْكػه ام ا م ا ْكِك‬
‫اْلَو َوؿا ْكَور َوس َو َو‬ ‫َو َو َو ْك َو َو َو َو َو َو َو َو ْك َو َو َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو َو ْك‬
‫َوِكْلَواْكػ َوع ِكم ُك ْكماا‬
79:27-33 Is it you the more difficult to create or the sky?
(Allah) had built it. He raised its canopy and then perfected it.
He made its night dark and brought out its light (i.e., day). And
after that He extended the earth (to a vast expanse). He brought
out from it its water and its pasture. And He fixed the
mountains firmly as resources for you and your cattle.
‫ضا َو ًّق افَوأَواْكػَوْكػَو اف َوه َو‬
‫احًّ ا‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬
‫اّتَّزا َو َوق ْكقَو ْك‬
‫اصًّ ُك‬‫اصَوْكػَو اااْك َو َو َو‬ ‫ااْلاْك َو ُكفاإِك َو ٰىَلاطَو َوع مها َواَّز َو‬ ‫فَوػ ْكَوػْكظُك ِك ْكِك‬
‫امَو ًن ااَو ُك ْكما َوِكْلَواْكػ َوع ِكم ُك ْكماا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َو ِكَوًن ا َو َو ْك‬
‫ضًن ا َو َوزيْكػُكواًن ا َو َوٓمْك ًنَلا َو َوح َو ائ َوقا ُك ْكًن ا َو فَو ك َوه ًنا َو َوًّ َو‬
80:24-32 Then let man look at his food, (and how We provide
it): For that We pour forth water in abundance, and We split
the earth in fragments, and produce therein corn, and Grapes
and nutritious plants, and Olives and Dates, and enclosed
Gardens, dense with lofty trees, and fruits and fodder for use
and convenience to you and your cattle.
‫ِك‬ ‫ضا جع ْكَو ااَو ُك مافِك ه ِك‬ ‫ام َّز َّز ُكك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬
‫ام َوع ي َو ا ۗ ا َو ًنَل َو‬
‫ام ا َو ْك ُك ُك َوفا‬ ‫ْك َو َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك َو َو َو‬ ‫َو اَو َوق ْك َو‬
7:10 It is We Who placed you with authority on the earth, and
provided you therein with means for the fulfillment of your
life: small are the thanks that you give.
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫م ا ُك ِك م ِكام ا ٍء افَو ع ْك ِك‬

‫ااْلَوَو ةااا ُّ اْكػَو ا َو ِكزيَوُكػ َوه ا ۚ ا َو َوم ا ْك َو اااَّزه َو‬
‫اخْكػٌ ا َو َوْكػ َوق ٰى ا ۚ ا َوفَو َوَلا‬ ‫َو َو ُك ْك ْك َو ْك َو َو ُك‬
‫وف‬
28:60 The (material) things which you are given are but the
conveniences of this life and the glitter thereof; but that which
is with Allah is better and more enduring: will you not then be
wise?
The most important message that emerges from these
revelations is the anthropocentric orientation of the universal
system. This is what is implied in Allah‟s declaration that He
made everything for mankind. The centrality of human species
in the divine scheme of things is thus quite obvious. Man is at
the centre of all creations and it is for him Allah created
everything else. Planet Earth, the habitat of man, which is the
divine laboratory for human robot testing, assumes special
significance in this respect. The position of Earth in the overall
divine scheme cannot be overemphasized. This is very much
reflected in the Quran. Allah gives particular emphasis to Earth
in the Quran by distinguishing it from the rest of the universe.
The infrastructure (physical universe) created for testing
human species is invariably referred to in the Quran as „skies
and Earth‟ (see verses 11:7, 45:22 and others quoted earlier),
which is suggestive of Earth‟s significance in the divine
scheme.
Being the habitat of human race Earth has been created
by Allah in accordance with requirements stipulated in human
microbioprogram (Adam‟s nafs). This also implies that there is
no other region in the universe that can serve as habitat for
man. The rest of the universal components (e.g., large number
of galaxies) or the „skies‟ referred to in the Quran are more of a
supporting system in the overall design. The sky has been
made a canopy for the earth and beautiful to look at by
adorning with stars.
The Quran speaks at length about the facilities,
amenities and infrastructure provided in the test centre – the
planet Earth. Some resources have been mentioned in a few

verses already quoted. The verses given below provide
examples of physical resources, plant resources, animal
resources and marine resources provided on Earth. The verses
are self-explanatory. Through these verses Allah provides a
glimpse of His organizational set up of Earth for the
accomplishment of His mission. We have to look at every
resource including those not mentioned in the Quran from this
divine perspective.
a) Physical resources
‫َوخَو َوجا ِكِكه ِكام َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااْلَور ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ضافَوا ًن ا َواا َّز َو َوا َو ًنا َو َواْكػَو َوؿام َو ااا َّز َو َو‬ ‫ياج َوع َوااَو ُك ُكم ْك ْك َو‬ ‫ااَّزذ َو‬
‫اَت َوعُكواااِكَّز ِكها َواْك َو ًناداا َو َواْكػُك ْكما َوػ ْكعَو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ات ِك‬
‫ارْكزًن ااَو ُك ْكما ۖ افَو َوَل َوْك‬ ‫ااثَّز ِك‬
‫َو َو‬
2:22 (It is He) Who has made the earth your couch, and the
heavens your canopy; and sent down rain from the heavens;
and brought forth therewith fruits for your sustenance; then set
not up rivals to Allah when you know (the truth).
‫ساااْكِك ُِّبا ِكأ ْك‬

‫َوفا َوأْكُكوااااْكُكػُك َو‬
‫وتا‬ ۗ ‫تااِك َّز ِكسا ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ي أَواُكواَو َو ا ِك ْك ِك ِك‬
‫ااْلَو َّز ا ۖ ا ُك ْك ا َو َو‬
‫اْلَو ِّليا ا َو اَوْك َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ام َووا ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو ْك‬
‫وتام ْك ا َوْكػ َوواِبَو ا ا َوا ػ ُكَّزقوااااَّزهَوااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
ۚ ‫ام ِك اا ػ َوَّزق ٰى ا ا َو ْكُكوااااْكُكػُك َو‬
ۗ ‫م ْك اظُك ُكهورَو ا َو اَو َّز اااْك َّزِب َو‬
‫ُكػ ْكفِك ُكح َوا‬
‫وف‬
2:189 “They ask you concerning the new moons (lunar
cycles). Say: They are indicators of time periods for mankind
and for Hajj pilgrimage….”
‫ۚا‬ ‫ضار ِكاس ا ْكَوف َواَتِك َو ا ِك ُك ما َواْكػه راا س ًنَلااَوعَّز ُك ما َوػه ُك َوفا َوَلم ٍء‬
‫تا‬ ‫َو َواْك َوق ٰى ِكآت ْك ِك‬
‫ْك َو َو ًن َو ُك ُك َو ْك ْك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور َو َو َو‬
‫َّزج ِكما ُك ْكمايػَو ْكهَو ُك َوفاا‬
‫َو ِك ا ْك‬
16:15-16 And He has set up on the earth mountains standing
firm lest it (i.e., earth) should tilt with you; and (has also
provided) rivers and roads that you may guide yourselves. And
(many) landmarks, and by the stars they guide themselves.
41:10 He set on the (earth), mountains standing firm, high

above it, and bestowed blessings on the earth, and measure
therein all things to give them nourishment in due proportion,
in four Days, in accordance with (the needs of) those who seek
(sustenance).
‫اج َوع َوافِك َوه َوازْك َوج ْك ِك ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك ِّلاااثَّز َو َوات َو‬‫ضا َو َوج َوع َوافِك َوه َوارَو ِكاس َو ا َو َواْكػ َوه ًنراا ۖ ا َو ِكم ْك ُك‬
‫َّزااْل ْكَور َو‬
‫يام ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اثْكػَوػ ِك ا ۖ ايػ ْكغ ِك اااَّز اااػَّزه را ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َواْلي ٍء‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫ْك َو َو َو‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫ْك‬
13:3 And it is He who spread out the earth and set thereon
mountains standing firm and (flowing) rivers. And He made all
kinds of fruits in two pairs. He draws the night as veil over the
day. Verily in that are signs for those who think.
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِكِك‬ ‫ااْلَور ِك ِك‬
‫اسُك ًنَلااَو َوعَّز ُكه ْكمايػَو ْكهَو ُك َوفا َو َوج َوع ْكَو ا‬
‫ض َوارَواس َو ا ْكَوف َواَت َو اِب ْكما َو َوج َوع ْكَو اف َوه اف َوج ًنج ُك‬ ‫َو َوج َوع ْكَو ِكآت ْك ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫وفاا‬
‫ض َو‬‫ام ْكع ِك ُك‬
‫اُم ُكفوظًن ا ۖ ا َو ُك ْكما َو ْك اآيَو ِتَو ُك‬
‫اا َّز َو َو َو‬
21:31-32 And We have made mountains firmly fixed on the
earth to prevent its tilting with them. And We have made
therein broad tracks so that they find their way. And We have
made the sky a well-guarded canopy. Yet, they turn away from
its signs!
‫ضَّزًنةا ۗ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوااَوط ٌ َو‬
‫اخِك ٌا‬ ‫اُمْك َو‬
‫ض ُك‬ ‫لِك ُكح ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ُك‬ ‫َوفاااَّزهَوا َواْكػَو َوؿام َو ااا َّز َو َو‬
‫ام ًنافَوػُك ْك‬ ‫َوَلْكا َوػَو ا َّز‬
‫َو‬
22:63 Do you not see that Allah sends down rain from the sky
and the earth thus becomes green? Indeed Allah has deep
knowledge and is well acquainted (with everything).
‫ام ْكوُكز ٍءفا َو َوج َوع ْكَو ااَو ُك ْكمافِك َوه ا‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ام َو ْكداَو َو ا َو َواْك َوقْكػَو افِك َوه َوارَو ِكاس َو ا َو َواْكػَوْكػَو افِك َوه ِكام ْك ُك‬
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك َو‬ ‫ض َو‬
‫َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬
‫ام ْكعُك ٍءوـا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫مع يِك ا م ااَو مااَوها ِك ِكازِك ا إِك ْكف ِكام ا َو ٍء اإِكَّزَلا ِكْك َو اَو ِك‬
‫اخَوائُكهُكا َو َوم ااػُكَوػِّلاُكهُكاإَّزَلا َوق َو ٍءر َو‬
‫َو‬ ‫َو َو َو َو َو ْك ْك ُك ْك ُك َو َو َو ْك ْك‬
‫َوس َوقْكػَو ُكك ُك وهُكا َو َوم ا َواْكػُك ْكمااَوهُكاِبَو ِكزا َو اا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو ْكَور َوس ْكَو اااِّليَو َوحااَوَووا َوحافَوأَواْكػَواْكَو ام َو ااا َّز َو َو‬
15:19-22 And the earth We have spread out (like a carpet); set
thereon mountains firm and immovable; and produced therein
all kinds of things in due balance. And We have provided
therein means of subsistence,- for you and for those for whose
sustenance you are not responsible. And there is not a thing but
its (sources and) treasures (inexhaustible) are with Us; but We
only send down thereof in due and ascertainable measures. And

We send the fecundating winds, then cause the rain to descend
from the sky, therewith providing you with water (in
abundance), though you are not the guardians of its stores.
‫ابا َو ِكمْكهُكا َو َوجٌ افِك ِكها ُك ِك ُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫تااَو ُك ْكما‬ ‫وفايػُكْكِك ُك‬ ‫ُك َوواااَّزذيا َواْكػَو َوؿام َو ااا َّز َو َو‬
ٌ ‫ام ًنا ۖ ااَو ُك ْكمامْكهُكا َو َو‬
‫اتا ۗ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىذَواِك َو َواْليَو ًنااِكَوق ْكوٍءـايػَوَوػ َوف َّز ُك َوفاا‬
‫اك ِّلاااثَّز ِك‬
‫با َو م ْك ُك َو َو‬
‫َّزخ ا ْكاْلَو َو ِك‬ ‫ِكِكهاااَّزرعا ااَّزيػ َو ِك‬
‫وفا َواا َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫ْك َو َو ْكُك‬
16:10-11 It is He who sends down rain from the sky for you,
from it you drink and from it (you grow) the trees on which
you graze (i.e., feed) your cattle. With it (i.e., rainwater) He
produces for you crops, olives, date palms, grapes and every
kind of fruit. Verily in this is a sign for those who think.
‫اخ َوَلاِكِكها‬
‫ا٘مْك ج ِكام ِك‬
‫اااْك َوو ْكد َوؽ َو ُك ُك ْك‬ ‫اٖم َوعُكهُك ُكارَوك ًنم افَوػَوػَو‬ ‫اّتَّزايػُك َواِّل ُك ا ػَوْكػَوهُك ُك‬
‫اّتَّز َوْك‬ ‫اس َوح ًن ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَوايػُكْكج َو‬
‫َو‬
‫ل ِكِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ٍء ِك ِك ٍء ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل ِكفُكهُكا َو ْك َو‬
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا ۖ ا‬ ‫ُكا َو يَو ْك‬ ‫ام ْك ايَو َو‬ ‫با ه َو‬ ‫َو يػُكَوػِّل ُكؿام َو ااا َّز َو ام ْك اجَو ؿاف َوه ام ْك ا ػَوَودافَوػُك ُك‬
‫ل ِكار‬ ‫ي َو ُكداسَو ا ػ ِك ِكهاي ْكذ َو ِك‬
‫با ْكْلَوْك َو‬ ‫َو َو َوْك َو ُك‬
24:43 Have you not seen Allah driving the clouds gently, then
unites them together, then makes them into a heap? Then you
see rain coming out from their midst. And He sends down hail
from the sky – from the mountain masses (of clouds) therein.
He strikes with it whom He intends and He diverts it from
whom He pleases. The vivid flash of its lightning almost blinds
the eyes.
‫ارْكزَوػ َوه اااَّزهُكايػَوْك ُكزُكػ َوه ا َو إِكيَّز ُكك ْكما ۚ ا َو ُك َووااا َّز ِك ُكعاااْك َوعِك ُكما‬
‫ادا َّزٍء َواَلا َوْك ِك ِك‬
‫ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو َوكأَويِّل ْك ام ْك َو‬
29:60 So many are the creatures that do not carry their own
sustenance! It is Allah who feeds them and you. And He hears
and knows (all things).
‫مْك ِك ُك ااا َّز َو َوا ْكَوفا‬ٙ‫يآتاااْكَو ْكح ِك ا ِكأ ْكَوم ِكهِكا َو ُك‬
‫اَت ِك ِك‬ ‫ام ِكآت ْك‬
‫ضا َوااْك ُكف ْك َو َوْك‬ ‫اس َّزخَو ااَو ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫َوفاااَّزهَو َو‬
‫َو‬
‫ؼ َوارِكح ٌام‬
ٌ ‫ضاإِكَّزَلا ِكِكإ ْكذاِكِكها ۗ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا ِك اَّز ِكسااَوَو ُك‬
‫َوػ َوق َوعا َو َو ْك‬
22:65 See you not that Allah has made subject to you all that is
on the earth, and the ships that sail through the sea by His
Command? He withholds the sky (rain) from failing on the
earth except by His leave: for Allah is Most Kind and Most
Merciful to man.
‫ضِك ِكها َو اَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َو ْك ُك ُك َوفا‬ ‫ااَّزهاااَّز ِكذياس َّزخ ااَو ُك ماااْك ح ااِك ج ِكياااْك ُكف ْك ُك افِك ِكها ِكأَوم ِكهِكا اِك ػغُكو ِك‬
‫اام ْك افَو ْك‬ ‫ْك َو َوْكَو‬ ‫َو َو ُك َو ْك َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫ُك‬
45:12 It is Allah Who has subjected the sea to you, that ships
may sail through it by His command, that you may seek of his
Bounty, and that you may be grateful.
‫ات ِك‬ ‫اتا ْكاْلَورضا َواْكػ َوؿ ِكام ااا َّز ِك ام افَوأَوخ جا ِكِكه ِكام اااثَّز ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ارْكزًن ا‬ ‫ياخَو َوقااا َّز َو َو َو ْك َو َو َو َو َو َو ًن ْك َو َو َو َو َو‬ ‫ااَّزهُكاااَّزذ َو‬
‫ي ِكآتاااْكَو ْكح ِك ا ِكأ ْكَوم ِكهِكا ۖ ا َو َوس َّزخَو ااَو ُك ُكم ْك‬
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوه َورا َو َوس َّزخَو ااَو ُك ُكما‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ۖ
‫اَو ُك ْكما ا َو َوس َّزخَو ااَو ُك ُكماااْك ُكف ْك َو ااَو ْكج َو‬
‫اا َّز سا ااْك َوق ِك‬
‫ادائَوػ ْك ِك ا ۖ ا َو َوس َّزخَو ااَو ُك ُكماااَّزْك َوا َواا ػ َو‬
‫َّزه َوراا‬ ‫ْك َو َو َو َو َو‬
14:32-33 It is Allah who created the skies and the earth and
sent down rain from the skies and with it He produced fruits
(i.e., crop produce) as food for you. And He subjected the ships
to you so that they sail through the sea by His command and
the rivers (also) He had subjected to you. And He subjected to
you the sun and the moon both as regular (phenomena), and the
night and the day (also) He had subjected to you.
‫اكثِك ٍء ا‬
‫ض ْكَو ُك ْكما َو َو ٰى َو‬ ‫اكَّزمَو ا ِك اآدـا َو ْكَو م ِكآتاااْك ػِّل ا ااْك ح ِك ا رزْكػَو م ِكام اااطَّزِّل ِك‬
‫تا َو فَو َّز‬ ‫َو اَو َوق ْك َو ْك َو َو َو َو َو ُك ْك َو َو َو ْك َو َو َو ُك ْك َو َو‬
‫ِكِمَّز اخَو ْكقَو ا َوػ ْكف ِك‬
‫ض ًنا‬
‫َل‬ ‫ْك َو‬
17:70 We have honoured the children of Adam; provided them
with transport on land and sea; given them for sustenance
things good and pure; and conferred on them special favours,
above a great part of our creation.
b) Plant resources
‫ل ِك ا َوااَّز ْكٗمَو ُكفاا‬ ‫َوك َو ِكـا َو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫باذُك اااْك َوع ْك‬
ُّ ‫اْلَو‬ ‫ااْل ْك‬
‫ات ْك‬ ‫ض َوع َوه اا ْكْلَواَو ِكـاف َوه افَو ك َوه ٌا َواا ْك‬
‫َّزخ ُكاذَو ُك‬ ‫ضا َو َو‬
‫َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬
55:10-12 It is He Who has spread out the earth for (His)
creatures: Therein is fruit and date-palms, producing spathes
(enclosing dates); Also corn, with (its) leaves and stalk for
fodder, and sweet-smelling plants. Then which of the favours
of your Lord will you deny?
‫ابا َو ِكمْكهُكا َو َوجٌ افِك ِكها ُك ِك ُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫تااَو ُك ْكما‬ ‫وفايػُكْكِك ُك‬ ‫ُك َوواااَّزذيا َواْكػَو َوؿام َو ااا َّز َو َو‬
ٌ ‫ام ًنا ۖ ااَو ُك ْكمامْكهُكا َو َو‬
‫اتا ۗ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىذَواِك َو َواْليَو ًنااِكَوق ْكوٍءـايػَوَوػ َوف َّز ُك َوفاا‬
‫با َو م ْك ُك َو َو‬
‫َّزخ ا ْكاْلَو َو ِك‬ ‫ِكِكهاااَّزرعا ااَّزيػ َو ِك‬
‫وفا َواا َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫ْك َو َو ْكُك‬
16:10-11 It is He who sends down rain from the sky: from it
you drink, and out of it (grows) the vegetation on which you
feed your cattle. With it He produces for you corn, olives, date-
palms, grapes and every kind of fruit: verily in this is a sign for
those who give thought.
‫اُمْكَوِك ًنف ا َواْكوااػُكه ا ۚ ا ِكم ْكِك ِك‬ ‫َوفاااَّزها َواْكػ َوؿ ِكام ااا َّز ِك ام افَوأَوخ جَو ا ِكِكه َواْثَو ٍء‬
‫اج َو ٌدا‬
‫ااْلَو ؿ ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو َو‬ ‫ات ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َوَلْكا َوػَو ا َّز َو َو َو َو َو ًن ْك َو ْك‬ ‫َو‬
‫اس ٌا‬
‫ود‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ضا ُك ُك ِك‬
‫ب ُك‬
‫اُمْكَو ٌ ا َواْك َووااػُك َوه ا َو َو َوا ُك‬ ٌ‫ٌ َو ْك‬
35:27 Do you not see that Allah sends down rain from the
sky? Then We produce with it (i.e., rainwater) fruits of various
colours. And in the mountains there are white and red paths of
various hues and (also) intense black.
‫اس ْكقَو هُكااِكَوػَو ٍءا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اس َوح ًن اث َوق ًنَل ُك‬ ‫ت َو‬ ‫اح َّز ٰىَّتاإِك َوذاا َوَوػَّز ْك‬
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫َو ُك َوواااَّزذيايػُكْكس ُكاااِّليَو َوحا ُك ْك ًناا ػَو ْك َو ايَو َو ْكي َوار ْك َو ها ۖ َو‬
‫ِكجاااْك َو ْكوَو ٰى ااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َو َوذ َّزكُك َواف‬ ‫اك ٰىَوذاِك َو ُك‬
‫آمْك ُك‬ ‫اتا ۚ َو‬ ‫اك ِّلاااثَّز ِك‬ ‫ِكِك ِك‬
‫َوخَو ْكجَو ا هام ْك ُك َو َو‬
‫َومِّلتافَوأَواْكػَواْكَو ا ِكهاااْك َو َوافَوأ ْك‬
7:57 It is He who sends the winds as glad tidings ahead of
His mercy (i.e., rain). Thus when they had carried heavy
clouds, We drive them to a lifeless land; then We sent down
rain with it and then We produce all kinds of fruits with that.
Like that We will rise up the dead. You may think over (that).
‫اك ِّلا َو ٍء افَوأَوخ جَو ِكامْكهاخ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ِكجا‬
‫اآمْك ُك‬
‫ضًن ُك‬ ‫ت ُك ْك ْك َو ْك ُك َو‬ ‫َوخَو ْكجَو ا ِكهااػَوَو َو‬ ‫ام ًنافَوأ ْك‬ ‫َو ُك َوواااَّزذيا َواْكػَو َوؿام َو ااا َّز َو َو‬
‫وفا َوااُّ َّزم َوفا‬ ‫ت ِكام ا َو ْك َو ٍء‬
‫با َوااَّزيْكػُك َو‬ ‫ِكمْكهاحًّ ام ػ اكِك ا ِكم اااَّزخ ِك ِكام اطَوْكعِكه ا ِكْكػوا ٌفادااِك ٌا جَّز ٍء‬
‫ْك‬ ‫ُك َو ُك َو َو ًن َو َو ْك ْك َو َو َو َو َو َو‬
‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫امَو َو ِكٍءها ۗ اااْكظُكُك ااإِك َو ٰىَل َواْثَوِكهِكاإِك َوذاا َوْكْثَوَو ا َو يػَوْكعِك ِكها ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا َوذا ُك ْكم َواْليَو تا‬
‫ٰى‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ُكم ْك َو ًنه ا َو َوْكػَو ُك‬
‫وف‬
6:99 It is He who sends down rain from the skies. With it
We germinate all kinds of (seeds); then We produce from that
green (crops) from which We produce closely packed grains;
and from the date palm – from its bunches – (We produce)
clusters of dates hanging down; and (We produce) gardens of
grapes, olives and pomegranates of similar and dissimilar
(varieties). Look at its fruit when it begins to form and when it

ripens. Behold! In those things there are signs for the believing
people.
‫اَلَو اطَوْك ٌعا‬
‫ت َو‬‫ل ِكا ااَّزخ ا ِكس َوق ٍء‬ ‫ب ْك ِك‬ ‫اػَوَّزاْكَو ِكام ااا َّز ِك ام ام رًنك افَوأَواْكػ ْكػَو ا ِكِكهاجَّز ٍء‬
‫ااْلَو َو ْك َو َو‬ ‫تا َو َوح َّز‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو َو َو ًن ُك َو َو َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ااْلُكُك ُكجاا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬
‫اك َوذا َو ْك‬ ۚ
‫امْكًن ا َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ۖ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوحَوػْكػَو ا ها ػَوْك َو ةًن َو‬
‫اَوض ٌ ارْكزًن اا ْكعَو دا ا َو ْك‬
50:9-11 And We send down from the sky rain as blessing and
We produce with it gardens and harvestable grains. And tall
date palms with closely packed bunches as sustenance for (My)
servants. And with it We give life to a dead land. So will be the
resurrection.
‫وفا‬ ‫اُمْكَوِك ًنف ا ُك‬

‫ُككُكهُكا َوااَّزيْكػُك َو‬ ‫ع ُك‬
‫َّزخ َوا َوااَّز ْكر َو‬
‫ٍء‬
‫ام ْكعُك َو تا َواا ْك‬
‫ٍء‬
‫ام ْكعُك َو تا َو َوْكػَو َو‬
‫واااَّز ِكذيا َواْك أ ٍء‬
‫َواجَّز ت َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو ُك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬
‫امَو َو ِكها ۚ ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل دها ۖ ا َوَوَلا‬ ‫اح َو‬ ‫اكُكواام ْك َواْثَوِكهِكاإ َوذاا َوْكْثَوَو ا َوآ ُكو َو‬
‫ااحقَّزهُكايػَو ْكوَوـ َو‬ ‫امَو َو ِبًن ا َو َوْكػَو ُك‬‫َوااُّ َّزم َوف ُك‬
‫باااْك ُك ْك ِكفِك َوا‬ ‫ُك ِكفُكواا ۚ اإِكاَّزه َواَل ُكِك‬
ُّ ‫اٗم‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫ْك‬
6:141 It is He who makes gardens with or without trellises
(i.e., with or without vines and creepers), and dates and crops
with different kinds of fruits, and olives and pomegranates of
similar and different varieties. Eat their fruits when they bear
fruit, and give its dues (i.e., debts, etc.) on the day of its
harvest, and do not waste (by extravagance). Verily He does
not like extravagant people.
‫اصْكػوا ٌفا َو ػ ِك‬
‫اصْكػ َوو ٍءافايُك ْك َوق ٰى ا‬ ‫با زر ٌ ِك ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ضا ِكطَوعام ج ِكراتا جَّز ِك‬ ‫َوِكٓت ْك‬
‫عا َو َوٓم ٌ َو َو ْك ُك‬ ‫تام ْك ا َو ْك َو َو َو ْك‬ ٌ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك ٌ ُك َو َو َو ٌ َو َو‬
‫وف‬ ‫ُكك ِك ا ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىذَواِك َواْلي ٍء‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫ض ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ُك‬ ‫ض َوه ا َو َو ٰى ا ػَو ْكع ٍء‬
‫ض ُكا ػَو ْكع َو‬
‫ِكِبَو ٍء ا ِك‬
‫اح ٍءا َو اػُك َوف ِّل‬ ‫َو‬
13:4 And on the earth are tracts situated side by side, and
gardens of grapes and crop fields, and date palms with multiple
shoots or otherwise – (all) watered with the same water. Yet
We make some better than the others to eat. Verily in that are
signs for those who understand.
‫َوخَو ْكجَو ا ِكِكها‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ًنافَوأ ْك‬‫اسُك ًنَلا َو َواْكػَو َوؿام َو ااا َّز َو َو‬
‫ام ْكه ًن اا َو َوسَو َو ااَو ُك ْكماف َوه ُك‬ ‫ض َو‬
‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫ااَّزذ َو‬
‫ٍء ِك‬ ‫ٰى ِك‬ ‫ْكَوز اج ِكام ااػَو ٍء‬
‫اكُكواا َو ْكار َو ْكواا َواْكػ َوع َوم ُك ْكما ۗ اإِك َّزف ِكآتاذَوا َو َواْليَو تاْلُك ِكِلااا ػ َو‬
‫ُّه ٰى اا‬ ‫تا َو َّز ٰىَّت ُك‬ ‫َو ًن ْك َو‬
20:53-54 (Allah) Who made the earth like a spread out carpet
for you, provided therein routes, and sent down water from the
sky. With it We produced pairs of diverse plants. You eat and
let your cattle graze. Verily, in that are signs for intelligent
people.
c) Animal resources
‫اَلُك ْكمافَو ِك ْكػ َوه ا‬ ‫ام اِك ُك َو‬
‫وفا َو َوذاَّزْكَو َو َو‬ ‫تا َويْك ِكيَو ا َواْكػ َوع ًنم افَوػ ُكه ْكم َو‬ ‫َو َوَلايػ اا َواَّز اخَو ْكقَو َو ِك ِك‬
‫اَلَو َو‬ ‫اَلُك ْكماِمَّز ا َو َو ْك‬ ‫َو ْك َوَو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َورُككوػُك ُكه ْكما َو ِكمْكػ َوه ايَوأْك ُككُك َو‬
‫با ۖ ا َوفَو َوَلايَو ْك ُك ُك َوفاا‬ ‫امَو ف ُكعا َو َوم َو ِكر ُك‬ ‫وفا َو َوَلُك ْكماف َوه َو‬
36:71-73 See they not that it is We Who have created for them
- among the things which Our hands have fashioned - cattle,
which are under their dominion?- And that We have subjected
them to their (use)? Of them some do carry them and some
they eat: And they have (other) profits from them (besides),
and they get (milk) to drink. Will they not then be grateful?
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوع ِكـا ػُكُكوًن ا َو ْك َو ِكخفُّواػَو َوه ايػَو ْكوَوـا‬ ‫ااَّزهاجع ااَو ُك م ِكام ا ػ وِك ُك ماس َو ا جع ااَو ُك م ِكام اجُك ِك‬
‫ود ْك‬ ‫َو ُك َو َو َو ْك ْك ُكُك ْك َو ًن َو َو َو َو ْك ْك ُك‬
‫َوص َووافِك َوه ا َو َوْك َو ِكرَو ا َو َو ْك َوع ِكرَو ا َوثَو ثًن ا َو َومَو ًن اإ َو ٰىَلاح ٍءا‬
‫ظَو ْكع ُك ْكما َو يػَو ْكوَوـاإِك َو َوم ُك ْكما ۙ ا َو م ْك ا ْك‬
16:80 It is Allah Who made your habitations homes of rest and
quiet for you; and made for you, out of the skins of animals,
(tents for) dwellings, which you find so light (and handy) when
you travel and when you stop (in your travels); and out of their
wool, and their soft fibres (between wool and hair), and their
hair, rich stuff and articles of convenience (to serve you) for a
time.
‫امَو فِك ُكعا َو اِكَوْكػُكغُكواا َو َوْكػ َوه ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااْلَواْكػع ـااِك ػ َوك و ِك‬
‫اامْكػ َوه ا َو ِكمْكػ َوه ا َوأْك ُككُك َو‬
‫وفا َو اَو ُك ْكماف َوه َو‬ ‫ياج َوع َوااَو ُك ُكم ْك َو َو َو ْك ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫اص ُك ِكرُكك ْكما َو َو َوْكػ َوه ا َو َو َو اااْك ُكف ْك ِك ا ُكْك َو ُك َو‬
‫َوح َوج ًن ِكآت ُك‬
40:79-80 It is Allah Who made cattle for you, that you may use
some for riding and some for food; And there are (other)
advantages in them for you (besides); that you may through
them attain to any need (there may be) in your hearts; and on
them and on ships you are carried.
‫اح َو ا ُك ِكٗمُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫اَج ٌؿ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ؼ ٌا َو َومَو فِك ُكعا َو ِكمْكػ َوه ا َوأْك ُككُك َو‬ ‫ْكاْلَواْكػع ـاخَو َوقه ا ۗ ااَو ُك مافِك ه ِك‬
‫وفا َو اَو ُك ْكماف َوه َوَو‬ ‫اد ْك‬ ‫ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو َو َو‬
‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ۚ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْلَواْكػ ُكفسا اإف َوارَّز ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اَلْكا َو ُك واُكواا َو اغ هاإَلا ِّلق ْك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َو ِكح َو ا َو ْك َو ُكح َو‬
‫وفا َو َوْك ُكا َوثْكػ َوق اَو ُك ْكماإ َو ٰىَلا ػَوَو َو‬
‫اْل ا ااْكِكغ َوؿا ْك ِك ِك‬ ‫اَو ٌ ِك‬
‫وفاا‬
‫ام َواَلا َوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬‫اْلَو َوااَوػ ْكَوكُكوَو ا َو ِكزيَو ًنا ۚ ا َو َو٘مْكُك ُكق َو‬ ‫ؼ َوارح ٌما َو ْكَوْك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫َو ُك‬
16:5-8 And He created cattle. You have in them warmth and
numerous benefits and you eat from them (i.e., meat). And you
find beauty in them while you take them to rest and while you
leave them for grazing. And they carry your heavy loads to
countries where you cannot (otherwise) reach except with
(considerable) physical strain. Your Lord is indeed Most Kind,
Most Merciful. And (He created) horses, mules and donkeys
for you to ride and for flaunting. And He has created (other)
things of which you have no knowledge.
‫ااْلَواْكػع ِكـا واَو ا فػ ا ۚ ُك ِك‬
‫ااِمَّز ارزَو ُك ماااَّزها َوَلا َوػَّزِكعوااخطُكو ِك‬
‫اتااا َّز ْكطَو ِكفا ۚ اإِكاَّزهُكااَو ُك ْكما‬ ‫اكُكو َو َو ُك ُك َو ُك ُك َو‬ ‫َو ِكم َو ْك َو َوُك ًن َو َو ْك ًن‬
‫امِك ٌا‬
‫َو ُك ُك‬
6:142 And among cattle are some for carrying burden and
some small. Eat what Allah has provided for you and do not
follow the footsteps of the Satan. Verily he is an avowed
enemy to you.
‫امَو فِك ُكع َو‬

‫اكثِك َوةٌا َو ِكمْكػ َوه ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫إِك َّزفااَو ُك م ِكآت ْك ِك ِك‬
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوع ـااَوعْكػَوًنةا ۖ ااُك ْك ق ُك ْكماِمَّز ِكآتا ُكطُكوِنَو ا َو اَو ُك ْكماف َوه َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َو‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوأْك ُككُك َو‬
‫وفا َو َو َوْكػ َوه ا َو َو َو اااْك ُكف ْك ا ُكْك َو ُك َو‬
23:21-22 And in cattle you have a lesson. From their bellies
We produce (milk) for you to drink. There are in them
numerous (other) benefits for you and you (also) eat them. And
you are carried on them as well as on ships (for journey).
‫وفااِكَو َوػو اا َو َو ٰى اظُك ُكه ِك‬
‫ورهِكا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اكَّز َوه ا َو َوج َوع َوااَو ُك ْكمام َو اااْك ُكف ْك ا َو ْكاْلَواْكػ َوع ـ َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوااَّزذ َو‬
‫ام ا َوػ ْكَوكُك َو ْك ُك‬ ‫اج ُك‬
‫ااْل ْكَوزَو َو‬
‫ياخَو َوق ْك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ُكّتَّزا َوذ ُك ِك‬
‫ااسْك َوح َوفاااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياس َّزخَو ااَوَو ا ٰىَو َوذاا َو َوم ُك‬
‫اكَّز ااَوهُكا‬ ‫ْككُك ااا ْكع َو َو َوارِّل ُك ْكماإِك َوذ ْك‬
‫اااسَوػ َوويْكػُك ْكما َو َوْكها َو َوػ ُكقواُكو ُك‬
‫ُكم ْكق ِكاِك َو ا‬
43:12-13 (The One) who created in pairs all things and made
for you ships and cattle on which you ride to enable you to sit
on its back and to remember the favour of your Lord after
sitting on it and say, “Glory to Him who subjected it to us. And

we could not have tamed it (by ourselves).”
It is pertinent to note that these verses make it clear that
animals are created for meeting the varied needs and
requirements of human race. That is why the animals are
subjected to us, which means that Allah has designed the
biosoftware of the animals in such a way to make them
subservient to us. Otherwise we will not be able to even tame
them (Q. 43:12-13).
d) Marine resources
‫اامْكه ِك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫واااَّز ِكذياس َّزخ اااْك ح ااِك أْك ُككُكو ِك‬
‫اح ْكَو ًنا َوػ ْكَو ُك واػَو َوه ا َو َوػَو ا‬ ‫اْلْك ًن اطَو ِكيًّ ا َو َو ْك َو ْكخ ِك ُكجو ُك‬
‫اامْكهُك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو ْك َو َو‬ ‫َو ُك َو‬
‫ضِك ِكها َو اَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َو ْك ُك ُك َواف‬ ‫اخ افِك ِكها اِك ػغُكو ِك‬
‫اام ْك افَو ْك‬ ‫ااْك ُكف ْك َو ِك‬
‫ام َوو َو َو َوْكَو‬
‫َو‬
16:14 It is He Who has made the sea subject, that you may eat
thereof flesh that is fresh and tender, and that you may extract
there from ornaments to wear; and you see the ships therein
that plough the waves, that you may seek (thus) of the bounty
of Allah and that you may be grateful.
‫اك ٍّا‬ ‫ُكج ٌجا ۖ ا َو ِكم ْك ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫م اي ِكوياااْك ح ِكافا ٰى َوذاا ْكذبافُكػ ات ِك‬
‫اس ئ ٌا َو َوا ُكهُكا َو ٰىَو َوذاام ْك ٌحا َو‬
‫َو َو َو ْك َو َو ْك َو َو َو ٌ َو ٌ َو‬
‫ام َوواخَو ااَوْكَوػغُكواام ْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ۖ ‫اْل اطَو ِكيًّ ا َو خ ِكج َو ِك‬ ‫َوأْك ُككُك َو‬
‫وفاح ْكَو ًنا َوػ ْكَو ُك واػَو َوه ا ا َو َوػَو اااْك ُكف ْك َو اف ه َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو ْك ُك‬ ‫وف َوْك ًن‬
‫ضِك ِكها َو اَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َو ْك ُك ُك َواف‬
‫فَو ْك‬
35:12 The two seas are not alike; one is sweet, pure and
pleasant to drink, and the other, saline and bitter. Yet from all
of them you eat fresh meat and you extract ornaments to wear;
and you see the ships ploughing through them to enable you to
seek from His bounty and that you may become grateful.
Through these and many other verses, the Quran
enumerates so many kinds of resources and natural
mechanisms (e.g., rain, wind, sailing of ships, etc.) that are
provided for the benefit of man during the test period on the
earth.
e) Other favours
One of the many unique characteristics of man is his
shyness for nakedness. Allah gave clothing to cover the nudity
and as an adornment and protection from heat, made spouses
from among ourselves, gave homes, children and grandchildren
from our spouses. Allah made our homes comfortable abode
for us. And He made cattle skins suitable for making tents,
which is light and handy while travelling and camping. From
their wool, their soft fibres and their hair, we make useful
things (like warm clothing) and devices.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ۖ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫سااا ػ ْكَّزق َوو ٰى ا ٰىَوذا َو َو‬
‫اخْكػٌ ا ۚ ا‬ ‫اآد َوـا َو ْك ا َواْكػَواْكَو ا َو َوْك ُك ْكمااَو ًنس ايػُك َوو ِكار َو‬
‫ياس ْكوآ ُك ْكما َوري ًن ا ا َو اَو ُك‬ ‫يَو ا َوِك َو‬
‫ٰىَوذاِك ِكام اآي ِك‬
‫تاااَّز ِكهااَو َوعَّز ُكه ْكمايَو َّزذ َّزكُك َواف‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬
7:26 O children of Adam (i.e., mankind)! We have sent
down to you clothing to cover your nudity and as an
adornment. But the fabric of God-consciousness (i.e., taqwa) is
the best. That is among the signs of Allah for them to ponder
over.
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوع ِكـا ػُكُكوًن ا َو ْك َو ِكخفُّواػَو َوه ايػَو ْكوَوـا‬ ‫ااَّزهاجع ااَو ُك م ِكام ا ػ وِك ُك ماس َو ا جع ااَو ُك م ِكام اجُك ِك‬
‫ود ْك‬ ‫َو ُك َو َو َو ْك ْك ُكُك ْك َو ًن َو َو َو َو ْك ْك ُك‬
‫َوص َووافِك َوه ا َو َوْك َو ِكرَو ا َو َو ْك َوع ِكرَو ا َوثَو ثًن ا َو َومَو ًن اإِك َو ٰىَلاح ٍء ا َوااَّزهُكا‬
‫ظَو ْكع ُك ْكما َو يػَو ْكوَوـاإِك َو َوم ُك ْكما ۙ ا َو م ْك ا ْك‬
‫اسَوا ِك َوا َوِكق ُك ُكم ْك‬
‫ااْلَوَّز ا‬ ‫ااْلِكَو ِكؿا ْك‬ ‫جع ااَو ُك م ِكاِمَّز اخَوق ِك‬
‫اظ َوَلًنَلا َو َوج َوع َوااَو ُك ْكم ِكام َو ْك‬
‫َوكَو اًن ا َو َوج َوع َوااَو ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫َو َو َو ْك َو َو‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك َوذا َو ايُك ُّماا ْكع َو َوهُكا َو َوْك ُك ْكمااَو َوع ُك ْكما ُك ْك ُك َو‬ ‫ٰى‬ ‫َو َوسَوا ِك َوا َوِكق ُك ْكما َوأْك َوس ُك ْكما َو‬
ۚ
16:80-81 Allah made your homes an abode for you. And He
made for you houses (tents) from cattle skins, which you find
so light (and handy) while traveling and while camping; and
from their wool, their soft fibres and their hair, (He made for
you) devices and useful articles (lasting) for a period. Allah
made shade for you from things He created and He made for
you places of refuge in the mountains; He made for you
garments to protect you from heat, and clothes to protect you
from severity (of battle). Thus He completes His favours for
you that you may submit to His will (in Islam).
All these are Allah‟s favours and blessings to human beings

undergoing the divine test in this laboratory - Earth. Apart from
that, these are all signs (ayaat) of Allah‟s power and wisdom.
This is explicitly mentioned in many of the verses quoted
above.
Evaluation of the laboratory infrastructure vis-à-
vis the divine purpose
An effective method of ascertaining the scientific
validity of the Quranic revelation of the purpose of creation of
the universe as infrastructure for testing human beings is
through evaluation of the created system from this teleological
angle. Such an analysis is attempted here in the light of the
verses quoted above.
Total area of the earth is 510.072 million km2 of which
land is 148.94 million km2 (29.2%) and water 361.132 million
km2 (70.8%) [5]. Natural resources may be either biotic
(living) or abiotic (non-living). They are materials essential or
useful to man. These include land, air, water, plants, animals,
fish, birds, microorganisms, forests, wildlife, minerals, natural
gas, petroleum, coal, etc. The list is so long. Natural resources
are classified under renewable, flow, and non-renewable
groups. Renewable resources are water, plants, animals, etc.
Wind, solar radiation, etc., are treated as flow renewable
resources as they do not require regeneration. Non-renewable
resources are finite and their supply is limited. Coal, petroleum,
mineral deposits come under this category.
The availability of natural resources as per the Quran is
guaranteed till the end of the divine test programme (Q. 7:24
quoted earlier). That is when the universe will end. The finite
nature of the resources and their limited supply are a fact. For
instance, the reserve of natural gas at the end of 2005 is
estimated to be around 179,831,967 million m3 [6], that of oil
is 1200700 million barrels [5] and that of coal is 909,064
million tons [7]. There are over 450 kinds of minerals provided
by Allah on the earth. Millions of biological species are also

available. All the biological organisms are not used directly by
man. Apart from being food, the bioresources cater to other
human needs as well – ranging from ornament to experimental
material. Statistics also shows world‟s annual wood production
(timber-equivalent) is 3.4 billion m3, meat production is 220
million tons, and marine fish catch is 90 million tons [8] to
mention but a few. The earth is thus a giant storehouse of a
wide variety of supplies in accordance with human
requirements to last a pre-determined period.
Since natural resources are created by Allah for the
exclusive use of man, their nature, distribution and availability
must correspond to human needs and requirements. And we
find this is true. This is discernible from the relative
availabilities of resources that are required by human beings in
huge amounts (e.g., water) and that required in small quantities
(e.g., platinum, gold, etc.). Several mechanisms are also in
operation to ensure their availability in sufficient quantities.
Renewal through recycling and regeneration is adopted by the
Creator to replenish the supply of high-demand resources.
Water, plants, animals, etc. come under this category. Besides
the sun, Allah has also provided other energy sources to suit
other requirements of human beings. Petroleum, coal and
nuclear sources for energy generation belong to this list.
Studies of the relative availability of the resources vis-à-vis
human needs will bring out clearly the natural scenario of the
supply-demand equation. The outcome of such studies will
certainly make people think and understand the purpose of
Allah‟s creations in the light of the Quran. It will also enable us
to discover the truth about the universe and redefine our
priorities in life.
The Quranic revelation that everything on Earth is
created for man may be called into question on the ground that
other species also utilize the resources. We think that natural
resources are provided for all the organisms and not
exclusively for mankind. It is in a way correct. It is however

significant to note that although there are millions of other
species inhabiting the earth, the Quran does not mention about
them as beneficiaries of the natural resources because they also
form resources created for man. This is what we can
understand from the verses on natural resources quoted above.
Their presence on Earth should be seen that way. These
organic beings are renewable resources sustained by Allah.
Consequently, we find they require and consume only non-
renewable resources for their sustenance. This can be explained
as follows. Over two million biological species are catalogued
and several million others are supposed to inhabit this planet.
Of these, man alone has the natural tendency (i.e., prescribed in
the biosoftware) to exploit the non-renewable resources. No
other species has. They consume only the renewable resources.
This propensity is an instinct, a default character. That is, the
microbioprograms of other species stipulate only renewable
resources for them. They do not deplete any resource they
consume.
Further if we examine the requirements and behaviour
of other organisms, it will be evident that they use the
renewable resources as such for every purpose. For example
they eat whatever nature provides. A bird builds its nest
utilizing certain materials available in nature. Likewise every
requirement of these species is met directly from what is
provided in nature. On the other hand, humans do not utilize
the natural produce including food as such like other
organisms. To man nature only provides raw materials from
which he produces things using appropriate technologies.
Human requirements are stipulated in the biosoftware that way.
Excepting perhaps some fruits and water, every item of food
we eat is processed one. Nature only provides the raw materials
– inestimably diverse plants and animals. We utilize them to
make inconceivably large number of food items with varying
tastes. We change the natural form into something different by
adopting certain technologies (e.g., cooking, cooling, mixing,
etc.) to suit our tastes stipulated in the biosoftware. The range

in taste is so large. Only human species has such wide range in
sensory perception. This is true not only for food but also for
every other material requirement like house building, transport,
and so on. This would mean that we need a wide range of
technological know-how for utilization of natural resources as
prescribed in our biosoftware. This knowledge is science and
technology, which Allah provides through biomemetic
transmission via germline (see chapter 12).
The Quran enumerates so many resources and natural
mechanisms (e.g., the sun, rain, wind, etc.) that are so
complicated and awe-inspiring to human intellect. A couple of
examples are given here. Consider the sun, the source of
energy to Earth, and water, another life-sustaining requirement.
Let us see how their supplies are maintained.
The sun, which Allah describes as lamp (Q. 71:16
quoted above) is the primary source of energy required for
sustaining life on Earth (see also chapter 4). The temperature at
sun‟s surface is around 5800 K while at the core it may reach
as high as 15,600,000 K. The sun is presently composed of
70% hydrogen and 28% helium and the rest 2% is made up of
mainly metals. The nuclear fusion going on in the core
converts hydrogen into helium and therefore, with time the
composition of the sun changes with the depletion of hydrogen.
This nuclear reaction generates immense energy (see chapter 4
for the nuclear reactions going on in the sun). The sun‟s energy
output is 386 billion billion megawatts per second for which
700,000,000 tons of hydrogen are converted to about
695,000,000 tons of helium. The energy is produced as gamma
radiation which while travelling from the core towards the
surface gets continuously absorbed and re-emitted in longer
wavelength region so that by the time it reaches the surface it
will be primarily visible light. This is how Allah created the
sun to serve as the primary source of energy to sustain life on
the earth, the human robot testing centre. However solar energy
is not directly accessible to all organisms on the earth. Allah

has created plants giving ability to harness the solar energy and
convert it to chemical energy through photosynthetic process.
The plants thus serve as the primary energy (food) source in
the bioworld. Some animals also serve as food source for other
animals. In addition to plants, animals also form food source to
man.
The mechanisms involved in worldwide circulation and
distribution of water through hydrologic cycle indicates how
intricate the divine abioprogram is on a global scale.
‫َوس َوقْكػَو ُكك ُك وهُكا َو َوم ا َواْكػُك ْكمااَوهُك ِكاِبَو ِكزاِك َوا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو ْكَور َوس ْكَو اااِّليَو َوحااَوَووا َوحافَوأَواْكػَواْكَو ام َو ااا َّز َو َو‬
15:22 And We send the fecundating winds, then cause the rain
to descend from the sky, therewith providing you with water,
though you are not the guardians of its stores.
‫ام ْكوِكِتَو ا‬
‫ضا ػَو ْكع َو َو‬ ‫َوحَوػْكػَو ا ِكِكه ْك‬
‫ااَّزهاااَّز ِكذيا َورس اااِّلي حافَوػُكثِك اسح افَو ْكقَو هاإِك َو ٰىَلا ػَو ٍء ٍء‬
‫امِّلتافَوأ ْك‬
‫ْك َو َو َو َو ُك َو َو ًن ُك ُك َو َو‬ ‫َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬ ‫ۚ َو‬
‫اك َوذا َو اااُّ ُك ُكا‬
‫ور‬
35:9 “It is Allah Who sends forth the winds, so that they raise
up the clouds and We drive them to a land that is dead, and
revive the earth therewith after its death…”
‫با ِكِكهااَو َوق ِكد ُكر َوفافَوأَواْك َو أْكاَو ا‬‫ضا ۖ ا إِكاَّز ا َو َو ٰى ا َوذ َو ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك َو‬ ‫ام ًنا ِكَوق َو ٍءرافَوأ ْك‬
‫َوس َو َّز هُك ِكآت ْك‬ ‫َو َواْكػَواْكَو ام َو ااا َّز َو َو‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫بااَو ُك ْكمافِك َوه افَوػ َوواكِكهُك َو‬
‫اكثِك َوةٌا َو ِكمْكػ َوه ا َوأْك ُككُك َو‬ ‫آم ٍء ا َو ْك َو ٍء‬ ‫اَو ُك ما ِكِكه ٍء ِك ِك‬
‫اجَّز تام ْك َو َو‬ ‫ْك َو‬
23:18-19 And We send down water from the sky according to
certain measure and We store it in the earth. And We certainly
are able to drain it off. With it We produced for you gardens of
date palms and grapes. You have plenty of fruits in them and
you are eating them.
‫اارا ِكًن ا ۚ ا َوِكِمَّز ايُكوِك ُك َوفا‬ ‫ام افَو اَو ْك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫تا َوْك ديَوٌا َوق َو رَو افَو ْكحَو َو َوااا َّز ْك ُك َوازَو ًن َو‬
‫َواْكػَو َوؿام َو ااا َّز َو َو ًن َو‬
‫ااْلَو َّزقا َوااْكَو ِكط َوا ۚ افَوأ َّزَوم ا‬ ‫اح ْك ٍءا َو ام ٍءعاز ٌ ِكامثْكػُكها ۚ َو ِك‬‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫باااَّزهُك ْك‬‫ض ِك ُك‬ ‫اك ٰىَوذا َو ايَو ْك‬ ‫َو َوْكه ِكآتاااَّز ِكراا ْك غَو َو َو ْك َو َو َوَو ُك‬
‫ضا ۚ َو ِك‬
‫باااَّزهُكا‬ ‫اك ٰىَوذا َو ايَو ْك‬
‫ض ِك ُك‬ ‫ث ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫سافَوػَو ْك ُك ُك‬ ‫اج َوف ًنا ۖ ا َو َّزَوم َو‬
‫ام ايػَوْكػ َوف ُكعاااَّز َو‬ ‫ب ُك‬
‫ااَّزَو ُك افَوػَو ْكذ َو ُك‬
‫ْكاْل ْكَومثَو َواؿ‬
13:17 He sent down water from the skies; then it flowed along
the valleys according to its measure. Then that stream carried
foam (floating) on the surface. There is similar foam (scum) on
(metals) which they smelt in the fire to make ornaments or
utensils. Thus Allah explains the true and the false. While the
foam goes as waste, while that (i.e., water) which is useful to
mankind remains in the earth. Thus Allah sets forth parables.
About 70% of the earth‟s surface is covered with water
although we can see only a very small portion of it in
circulation. The oceans store 97.5% of the earth‟s water, land
contains 2.4% and the atmosphere holds less than 0.001% as
water vapour. Of all the water that is present on the earth, only
2.5% is fresh water; the rest is salty. (In all these proportions,
we can see Allah‟s planning and strategy). Most of the fresh
water remains frozen in icecaps, present as soil moisture or
inaccessible in deep underground aquifers, leaving less than
1% accessible for use. The annual precipitation (Table 13.1)
for the earth is more than 30 times the atmosphere‟s total
capacity to hold water indicating rapid recycling of water
between the earth‟s surface and atmosphere [14].
The process of hydrologic cycle (Fig. 13.1) is
responsible for circulation and conservation of the earth‟s
water [15, 16, 17]. The hydrologic cycle begins with the
evaporation of water from the surface of the ocean. As moist
air is lifted it cools and water vapour condenses to form clouds.
One would certainly have expected that water would remain as
vapour as it goes up and it would continue to go higher and
higher in the sky. But nature has the mechanism to prevent it
from going up beyond certain altitudes by transforming it into
clouds. These clouds literally serve as the mobile overhead
reservoirs of water that can be dispatched to any point on the
earth through the control of the wind. Such controlling
mechanism has been indicated in the Quranic verses 15:22 and

35:9 given above.
Table 13.1 Earth‟s annual water budget
Type/process Oceans Land Atmosphere
Reserves 1350 33.6 0.013

(1015 km3)
Precipitation 324 99
received
(1012 km3 y-1)
Evaporation/ 361 62
transpiration
(1012 km3 y-1)
Source: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/
hyd/bdgt.rxml Accessed July 4, 2013
This is indeed a very complex natural phenomenon

when we consider the quantum of water involved in the global
transport and circulation. Once the water reaches the ground as
rain, two processes occur: a) some of the water may evaporate
back into the atmosphere and b) some of the water may
penetrate the surface and become groundwater. Groundwater
either seeps its way into oceans, rivers, and streams, or is
released back into the atmosphere through transpiration (via
plants). The remaining quantity of water on the earth‟s surface
is the runoff, which empties into lakes, rivers and streams and
is carried back to the oceans, where the cycle begins again. The
Quranic revelations (Q. 23:18-19; 13:17 quoted above) point to
these phenomena. The total quantity of water that is transported
to the atmosphere annually is about 423 x 109 km3; the same
quantity of water is returned to the earth through precipitation,
thus conserving the total water content of the planet [18, 19].
Fig. 13.1. Global water cycle involving precipitation, evaporation,

evapotranspiration and runoff
Based on: http://www.unep.org/vitalwater/images/03-water-cycle.jpg.
Original source given: Shiklomanov, I.A., State Hydrological Institute, St.
Petersburg, and UNESCO, Paris, 1999; Max Planck Institute for
Meteorology, Hamburg, 1994; Freeze, Allen, John, Cherry. Groundwater,
Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 1979.
Note: The width of the arrows indicating processes is approximately
proportional to the volume of transported water.
An important thing we can infer from the hydrologic
cycle is not a single molecule of water on our planet is broken
down to its constituent atoms (hydrogen and oxygen) or lost
irreversibly. Water being the universal solvent and an essential
component of life its total quantity is always conserved through
recycling. Although water participates in almost every
chemical reaction that is taking place on the earth and

combines with a large number of compounds in a variety of
ways, none of these reactions leads to its destruction or its
irreversible loss. The molecule is recoverable from whatever
substance or compound in which it exists. Without this unique
characteristic of the water molecule, it would not have been
possible to sustain life on this planet. It takes Allah to create it.
It is for man and man alone Allah has created
everything on this planet. And all these resources and natural
mechanisms to sustain them are unique to Earth in the entire
cosmos. It is impossible to estimate Allah‟s blessings and
bounties given to man on the earth. But still man is ungrateful
to Him. To quote the Creator:
‫ور َوارِكح ٌما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو إِك ْكفا َوػ ُكع ُّ ااا ْكع َو َواااَّزه َواَلا ُكْك ُك‬
ٌ ‫لوَو ا ۗ اإ َّزفاااَّزهَوااَوغَو ُكف‬
16:18 If you would count up the favours of Allah, never would
you be able to number them: for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most
Merciful.
‫لوَو ا ۗ اإِك َّزف ْكِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوآ َو ُكك ْكم ِكام ْك ُك‬
‫وـا‬
ٌ ‫ااْلاْك َو َوفااَوظَوُك‬ ‫اسأَواْكُك ُك وهُكا ۚ ا َو إِك ْكفا َوػ ُكع ُّ ااا ْكع َو َو‬
‫تاااَّزه َواَلا ُكْك ُك‬ ‫ام َو‬
‫اك ِّل َو‬
‫َوك َّزف ٌار‬
14:34 And He gives you of all that you ask for. But if you
count the favours of Allah, never will you be able to number
them. Verily, man is given up to injustice and ingratitude.
By giving us scientific and technological knowledge
(see chapter 12), God is enabling us to utilize the natural
resources. This is one of the important purposes of providing
scientific knowledge. Since Allah has provided the natural
resources in accordance with the human biosoftware, we
should be given knowledge of what resource is to be used for
what purpose(s). That is to say we cannot decide the purpose of
a resource ourselves. For example we cannot use petroleum as
fuel for automobile unless it is meant by God for that purpose.
It is according to that, appropriate knowledge is included in
Adam‟s nafs. If man is not given the scientific and
technological knowledge, the natural resources will remain

unutilized. For example, petroleum reserves in the world
remained untouched and unutilized till we got the knowledge
of its uses and drilling technology about a century ago. This
example also reveals that the resources are earmarked for
different era so that people can utilize only the resources
allotted for their era. This is also controlled and regulated by
the scientific and technological knowledge released by Allah to
the people. From the advancement of science and technology
being made in our times, it is evident that quite a large number
of resources are earmarked for the era of Prophet Muhammad,
which is the final and presumably the longest in the divine
testing programme.
That the diverse resources provided on the earth are in
accordance with the purposes and human requirements
stipulated in Adam‟s nafs can be made clearer through a
thought experiment. There is a lot of excitement over the
successful Moon and Mars missions now being conducted.
Most of these missions are conducted on the premise that some
day man will be able to live on Moon or another planet like
Mars. And to support that we also make a lot of hue and cry
over the discovery of water on moon, etc. A lot of money is
also being pumped into these programmes by not only wealthy
countries but also by half-starved nations for getting name and
fame! Man will never make home on the moon or Mars for the
simple reason that the Creator has not intended it. He made
only Earth as the habitat of man (Q. 7:24 quoted above). There
is no indication whatsoever in the Quran that Allah has made
any region in the cosmos other than Earth habitable for man.
Allah has created only Earth for human habitation. This means
we will not find the lunar or Martian environment favourable to
us or the resources there useful to us. We will also realize that
we will not be able to generate scientific and technological
knowledge to utilize the resources there because the knowledge
provided in Adam‟s nafs only helps to develop technologies for
utilizing the resources provided on the earth and nowhere else.
This is also supported by available information about their

environment. For instance, lunar environment indicates it is not
suitable for human habitation supporting the Quranic
revelation. The moon is only one-fourth the size of Earth and
has less mass. Since mass is less, the gravity it exerts is also
considerably less, 83.3% less than Earth‟s to be precise. A
person who weighs 80 kg on Earth will be 13.3 kg on the
moon. The weightlessness will affect normal performance of
human being on the moon. It will also cause dyslexia, a
language-based learning disorder that affects reading, writing
and spelling skills. We will find the environment, the resources
and everything else on the moon unsuitable to our biosystem.
Based on the Quran, it is possible to predict that efforts to
migrate to the moon for settlement will fail. The failure will
provide another proof of consistency between Allah‟s purpose
of creation stated in the Quran and the ground realities. Thus it
can be established scientifically that Earth was created by
Allah as human habitat to serve as the human robot testing
laboratory with resources lasting a finite period prescribed by
Allah.
Another important observation about human species is
its population growth. Human population increases with time
[9]. Population touched the 6 billion mark in 1995 (Fig. 13.2).
The current population (as of 2015) is more than 7 billion.
According to the United Nations, world population reached 7
billion on October 31, 2011 [10]. By contrast, populations of
other organisms do not show any increase although they were
all there even before the arrival of Adam and Eve on Earth.
The current rate of human population growth is about 50
million a year, which the earth sustains as per Allah‟s program
without exceeding the prescribed carrying capacity at any
given point of time. Decrease in the population of other
species, extinction of species, etc. occur as per the divine
program. Man should realize this fact. There is no point in
expressing concern over such issues.
Fig. 13.2. Human population growth with time

Based on: Danesi, P.R. and Cherif, H.S. 1996. Environmental changes in
perspective: The global response to challenges. IAEA Bulletin, 2/1996, p 2-8
Estimation of the total human population so far lived on
the earth is an impossible task for several reasons. So many
parameters whose accuracy and reliability cannot be verified
are involved in that computation with the result the outcome
will be no better than a wild guess. The parameters include the
span of human habitation of the earth since Adam and Eve,
average birth rates over the period, occupancy and global
distribution trends, fluctuations in population sizes due to
natural catastrophes and destruction of early nations and
civilizations described in the Quran, etc. Despite the
inaccuracy, guesstimates have been made of the number of
people ever born on the earth till date. One such guesstimate
shows that as of 2002, about 106,456,367,669 people have

lived on the earth since antiquity. The world population of
6,215,000,000 in mid-2002 is 5.8% of this number [11].
Another estimate done in 1999 shows that 96,100,000,000
people have lived on the earth [12]. This figure is about 15
times the previous one. The current global population of just
over 7 billion is undoubtedly the highest human population
ever lived on Earth at any point of time since Adam. This
indicates that the carrying capacity of the present earth with
modest resource support is much more than 7 billion. The
carrying capacity is the number of human beings that can be
optimally supported, given a particular subsistence adaptation
[13].
It is in the Muhammadan era, which is the final and
perhaps the longest period in the history of human robot
testing, Allah is creating the largest human population. Since
the previous century, human population has been growing
exponentially (Fig. 13.1). Needless to say it also increases the
demand for resources. Perhaps the most striking phenomenon
we witness in this context is the parallel advancement in
science and technology to bring more and more natural
resources within the reach of mankind. Advancement in
science and technology has been planned by Allah in such a
way as to provide knowledge about nature and for developing
technology to meet every demand of growing human
population be it for food, transport, communication,
employment (livelihood) or any other sector prescribed in
Adam‟s nafs. Advancement of science and technology
commensurate with human population increase we observe
today is proof of divine planning, which none can deny. The
creation of human beings will go on at stipulated rates until
Allah has tested the required number of human robots. That
will mark the end of divine testing programme and return of
human robots to their Creator.

much the wombs fall short (in number) or exceed. Every thing
is in accordance with a calculated measure (due proportion)
with Him.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ضااػَو ًن ُك ِك‬ ‫َوااَّزهُكا َواْكػَوَو ُك ْكم ِكام َو ْك‬
‫اّتَّزايُكع ُك ُكك ْكماف َوه ا َو ُك٘مْك ِك ُكج ُك ْكماإ ْكخَو ًن‬
‫اج اا‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك َو‬
71:17-18 And Allah produced you from the earth in large
numbers. Subsequently He returns you (following death) into it
(the earth) and get you out (from it again on the Day of
Resurrection).
‫ل ُك ْكما َو َو َّز ُك ْكما َو ًّاا َو ُككُّ ُكه ْكما‬ ‫ضاإِكَّزَل ِك‬ ‫اك ُّام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اآِتاااَّز ْك ٰىَو ِك ا َوْك ًن اااَو َوق ْك ا ْك‬
‫َوح َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫إ ْكف ُك َو ْك‬
‫اَلُك ُكماااَّز ْك ٰىَو ُك ا ُك ًّدااا‬
‫اسَو ْكج َوع ُك َو‬ ‫آ ِك ِكهايػوـاااْك ِكق م ِكافَوػ دااإِك َّزفاااَّز ِكذي اآمُكواا ِك ُكو َّز ِك ِك‬
‫اااال ْلَو ت َو‬ ‫َو َو َو َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو َو َو ْك ًن‬
19:93-96 Everyone in the skies and the earth is to come to the
Most Merciful (i.e., Allah) as a servant. He (Allah) has an
account of them and has numbered them exactly. And everyone
of them will come to Him singly on the Day of Judgment. To
those who believed and did good deeds, the Most Merciful
(i.e., Allah) will bring affectionate relationship.
References
Adam Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
2. www.ecology.com/2011/09/14/earth-glance/ accessed
August 1, 2013.
3. http://www.nineplanets.org/overview.html Retrieved on
March 13, 2007.
4. http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/earth.html
Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
5. https://www.cia.gov/cia/ publications/factbook/print/xx.html
Retrieved on March 16, 2007.
6.http://geography.about.com/od/obtainpopulationdata/a/world
population.htm accessed July 24, 2012.
7. http://www.xist.org/charts/en_gasres.aspx Retrieved on
March 16, 2007.
8. http://www.xist.org/ charts/en_oilres.aspx Retrieved on
March 16, 2007.
9. Danesi, P.R. and Cherif, H.S. 1996. Environmental changes
in perspective: The global response to challenges. IAEA
Bulletin, 2/1996, p. 2-8.
10. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm accessed August 1,
2012.
11.http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=PRB&template
=/ContentManagement/ ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=7421
12. http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~ramsey/People.html
13. http://www.archaeologyinfo.com/glossary.
14. http://www.xist.org/charts/en_coalres.aspx Retrieved on
March 16, 2007.
15.http://atlas.aaas.org/index.php?part=2&sec=natres&sub=me
atfish Retrieved on March 16, 2007.
16. http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/
(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/bdgt.rxml accessed July 4, 2013.
17. http://www.unep.org/vitalwater/images/03-water-cycle.jpg.
Original source given: Shiklomanov, I.A., State Hydrological
Institute, St. Petersburg, and UNESCO, Paris, 1999; Max
Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, 1994; Freeze,
Allen, John, Cherry. Groundwater, Prentice-Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, NJ. 1979.
18.http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/bdgt.rxml
19. IAEA 02-01578/FS Series 2/03/E.
‫‪14. HUMAN ROBOT TESTING‬‬

‫‪PROGRAMME ON EARTH‬‬
‫‪The first test of human beings took place in Allah‟s‬‬

‫‪abode with Adam and Eve. The Quran narrates the oldest test‬‬
‫‪history of man following the creation of first human couple,‬‬
‫‪Adam and Eve. The relevant verses have been presented in‬‬
‫‪chapter 12 in the context of explaining Satan virus. The verses‬‬
‫‪are also reproduced here from a different standpoint – to‬‬
‫‪provide an account of the circumstances leading to the‬‬
‫‪expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden to this Earth.‬‬
‫اَلْكايَو ُك ْك ا‬ ‫س َو‬ ‫ِكَّز ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ااس ُكج ُك ااْل َود َوـافَو َو َوج ُك ااإَلاإ ْك َو‬ ‫اّتَّزا ُكػ ْكَو اا ْك َو َوَلئ َو ْك‬ ‫اص َّزوْكراَو ُكك ْكم ُك‬ ‫اّتَّز َو‬ ‫اخَو ْكقَو ُكك ْكم ُك‬ ‫َو اَو َوق ْك َو‬
‫اخَو ْكقَوِك ِكام ْك ااَو ٍءرا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اخْكػٌ امْكهُك َو‬ ‫امَوػ َوع َو ا َّزَوَلا َو ْك ُكج َو اإِك ْكذا َوَوم ْك ُك َو ا ۖ ا َو َوؿا َواَو َو‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫م َو ااا َّز ج ي َو ا َو َوؿ َو‬
‫وفااَو َو ا ْكَوفا َوػَو َو َّزػَو افِك َوه افَو ْكخُك ْكجاإِكاَّز َو ِكام َو ا‬ ‫اط ٍء ا َو َوؿافَو ْك ِك ْكط ِكامْكػ َوه افَو َو ايَو ُك ُك‬ ‫خَو ْكق ه ِكام ِك‬
‫َو َو َو ُك ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫وفا َو َوؿاإِكاَّز َو ام َو اااْك ُك ْكظَو ِكي َو ا َو َوؿافَوِك َو ا َو ْك َوويْكػَوِك َواْلَو ْكػ ُكع َو َّزفا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اال ِك ِكي َو ا َو َوؿا َواْكظ ْكِكِّناإِك َو ٰىَلايػَو ْكوـايػُكْكػ َوعثُك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬
‫ِك‬‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اخ ْكف ِكه ْكما َو َو ْك ا َوْك‪ٙ‬مَو ِن ْكما َو َو ْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اّتَّز َواْل ِك ػ ػ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َّزه ْكمام ْك ا ػَو ْك ِك ا َويْك ِكيه ْكما َو م ْك َو‬ ‫َوَلُك ْكماصَواطَو َو اااْك ُك ْك َوق َوم ُك َو ُك‬
‫ام ْك ُكح ًنوراا ۖ ااَو َو ْك ا َوِك َوع َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوِش ئِكِك ِكهما ۖ ا َوَل َوِك‬
‫ام ْكذ ُك ًنم َو‬ ‫ااخُك ْكجامْكػ َوه َو‬ ‫َوكثَوػَو ُك ْكما َو ك ِكي َو ا َو َوؿ ْك‬ ‫اَت ُك ا ْك‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬
‫ثا‬‫احْك ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكمْكػ ُكه ْكم َواْل ْكَوم َوْل َّز‬
‫ااْلَوَّز َوافَو ُك َوَلام ْك َو‬ ‫تا َو َوزْك ُكج َو ْك‬ ‫ااس ُك ْك ا َواْك َو‬ ‫اآد ُكـ ْك‬
‫َوَجَوع َو ا َو يَو َو‬ ‫َّزمامْك ُك ْكما ْك‬ ‫اج َوه َو‬ ‫َوف َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك َّز ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ا‬ ‫اَلُكَو َو‬ ‫ي َو‬ ‫اَلُكَو ااا َّز ْكطَو ُكفااُكْك َو‬ ‫س َو‬ ‫َّزجَوَوةافَوػَو ُك واَو ام َو اااظ ا َو افَوػ َوو ْكس َوو َو‬ ‫ْكئُك َو ا َوَوَلا َوػ ْكقَوَو ا ٰىَو ذهااا َو‬
‫امَو َو ْك ِك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َّزجَوةِكاإَّزَلا ْكَوفا َو ُك واَو َو‬ ‫ام ااػَو َوه ُكك َو َوارُّ ُك َو ا َو ْك ا ٰىَو ذهااا َو‬ ‫اس ْكوآِت َو ا َو َو َوؿ َو‬ ‫يا َوْكػ ُكه َو ام ْك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ُك ر َو‬
‫ااْلَو اِك ِكي َو ا َو َو َوْسَو ُكه َو اإِك ِّلِّنااَو ُك َو ااَو ِك َو اااَّز ِكص ِكح َو افَو َو َّزَل ُكٕمَو ا ِكغُكُك ٍءرا ۚ افَوػَو َّز اذَوا َو ا‬ ‫َوْك ا َو ُك واَو ِكام َو ْك‬
‫ااْلَوَّز ِكا ۖ ا َو اَو َود ُكإمَو َوارػُّ ُكه َو ا َو‬
‫َوَلْكا‬ ‫ل َوف ِكفا َو َوْك ِكه َو ِكام ْك ا َو َورِكؽ ْك‬ ‫اس ْكوآ ُكػ ُكه َو ا َو طَوِكف َوق َو‬
‫ا٘مْك ِك‬
‫اَلُكَو َو‬ ‫ت َو‬ ‫َّزجَوةَوا َو َو ْك‬ ‫اا َو‬
‫امِك ٌ ا َو َوَل َوارػَّزَو اظَوَو ْك َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َّزجَوةِكا َو َوُك ْك ااَو ُك َو اإ َّزفااا َّز ْكطَو َوفااَو ُك َو ا َو ُك ُك‬ ‫َواْكػ َوه ُك َو ا َو ْك ا ْك ُك َو ااا َو‬
‫ضا َو ُك ا‬ ‫ض ُك ْكمااِكَوػ ْكع ٍء‬ ‫ااْلَو س ِكي َو ا َو َوؿاا ْك ِكطُكواا ػَو ْكع ُك‬
‫اَلا َوػ ْكغ ِكف ااَوَو ا َوػ َو ااَوَو ُك واَو َّز ِكام ْك ِك‬
‫َو‬ ‫َواْكػ ُكف َو َو ا َو إِك ْكف َوْك ْك َو ْك َوْك‬
‫وف ا‬ ‫اَّتْكَو ُكج َو‬ ‫وفا َو ِكمْكػ َوه ُك‬ ‫اح ٍء ا َو َوؿافِك َوه ا َوْكَوػ ْكو َوفا َو فِك َوه َواَتُكوُك َو‬ ‫ضام ػ َوق ا م عاإِك َو ٰىَل ِك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك ُك ْك َو َو َو َو ٌ‬ ‫ۖ ا َو اَو ُك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬
‫‪7:11-25 Indeed We created you and gave you shape. Then We‬‬
‫‪asked the angels to bow down to Adam and they (all) bowed‬‬
‫‪down except Iblis. He was not among those who bowed down.‬‬
(Allah) said: What prevented you from bowing down when I

commanded you? He said: I am better than he. You created me
from fire and You created him from clay. (Allah) said (to
Iblis): Get out from here. You cannot be arrogant here. So get
out; indeed you are among the meanest. He (Iblis) said: Give
me respite till the Day they (human beings) are resurrected.
(Allah) said: Certainly you are among those who are granted
respite. He (Iblis) said: Because You have misled me, I will lie
in wait for them (human beings) on Your straight way; then I
will reach (i.e., mislead) them from their front and from their
back, and from their right and from their left. You will not find
most of them grateful (to You for Your mercies). (Allah) said:
Get out from here disgraced and expelled. If any of them
follow you, I will fill Hell with you all. (Allah said): O Adam!
Dwell you and your wife in the garden and eat from it as you
wish but do not approach this Tree, then you will become
transgressors. Then began Satan to whisper suggestions to
them to bring into the open all their shame that was hidden
from them (before). It (i.e., Satan) said: Your Lord forbade you
this Tree lest you should become angels or immortals. And it
swore to both of them: I am indeed your sincere advisor. So
through deceit it brought their fall. When they tasted of the
Tree, their shame became manifest to them and they began to
sew together the leaves of the Garden over their bodies. And
their Lord called to them: Did I not tell you that Satan was an
avowed enemy to you? They said: Our Lord! We have
wronged our own souls. If You do not forgive us and bestow
upon us Your Mercy, we shall be certainly be lost. (Allah) said:
Get you down with enmity between yourselves. The earth will
be your dwelling place and your means of livelihood for a
term. He (Allah) said: Therein shall you live, and therein shall
you die, and from there shall you be taken out (resurrection).
‫َوَجَوعِك َو اإِكَّزَلا ِكَو َود َوؾ ِكامْكػ ُكه ُكما‬ ‫ضا َوَوْلُك ْك ِكويػَو ػ ُك‬
‫َّزه ْكما ْك‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ب ِكاِبَو ا َو ْك َوويْكػَوِك َواْل َوُكزيػِّلَو َّز َو‬
‫اَلُك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬ ‫َو َوؿ َوار ِّل‬
‫ل َو اا‬ ‫ااْك خَو ِك‬
‫ُك ْك‬
15:39-40 (Iblis) said: O my Lord! Because You have misled

me, I will make (evil) alluring to them (i.e., human beings) on
the earth and I will mislead them all except Your sincere
servants among them.
When Allah ordered the angels to bow down to Adam
after his creation, all the angels bowed down except Iblis. Allah
asked Iblis to explain his non-compliance. Iblis responded
boastfully that he was much above man in status and that
prevented him from prostrating before Adam. This arrogance
earned him Allah‟s wrath and curse. Allah asked him to get out
of the divine abode. Then Iblis pleaded for respite till the Day
of Judgement when all human beings are raised up again. Allah
granted Iblis respite. Iblis swore that since Allah misled him
(Q. 7:16), he would mislead all human beings from the divine
path except Allah‟s sincere and pious servants (Q. 15:39-40).
Allah tells Adam and Eve to live in the Garden after
giving a strong warning not to approach the Tree in it. If they
approach it, they will become transgressors. That was the only
directive given to them by Allah. That instruction formed the
basis of their testing. Allah told them that they will not become
hungry or naked in that Garden and they will not feel hot and
thirsty. Thus while both were living in the Garden, Satan
started conveying evil suggestions to their minds to tempt them
to approach the forbidden Tree and thereby expose their nudity
which was hidden from them. The Satan whispered: “Your
Lord forbade you this Tree lest you should become angels or
immortals.” And to both of them Satan swore that he was
indeed their well-wisher. Adam and Eve fell for it and ate from
the Tree. They became naked and started covering their shame
with leaves. Allah then called to them: “…Did I not forbid you
that Tree and tell you that Satan was indeed a clear enemy to
you?” Allah asked them to get out of the Garden. This is what
happened in the very first test of Homo sapiens faced by the
first human couple.
‫ض ُك ْكمااِكَوػ ْكع ٍء‬ ‫فَوأَوزَّزَل ااا َّز طَو ُكفا ْكػه افَوأَوخ جه ِكاِمَّز َو ِك ِك‬
‫ضا َو ُك ا ۖ ا‬ ‫اك اَو اف ها ۖ ا َو ُكػ ْكَو اا ْك ِكطُكواا ػَو ْكع ُك‬ ‫َو ُكَو ْك َو َو ْك َو َو ُك َو‬
‫با َو َوْك ِكها ۚ اإِكاَّزهُكا‬ ‫اح ٍء افَوػ ػَو َّزق اآدـ ِكام ارِّلِكه َو ِك ٍء‬ ‫ضام ػ َوق ا م عاإِك َو ٰىَل ِك‬ ‫َو اَو ُك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬
‫اك َو تافَوػَو َو‬ ‫َو ٰى َو ُك ْك َو‬ ٌ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك ُك ْك َو َو َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اامْكػه َوِك ۖ ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ايا‬‫اَج ًنع ا افَوإ َّزم ايَوأْك َوػَّز ُك ْكمام ِّل ا ُك ًن افَو َو ْك ا َو َوعا ُك َو َو‬ ‫اباااَّزح ُكما ُكػ ْكَو اا ْك ِكطُكو َو‬ ‫ُك َووااا ػ َّزَّزو ُك‬
‫باااَّز ِكرا ۖ ا‬ ‫َوص َوح ُك‬
‫ِك ٰى ِك‬
‫اك َوفُك اا َو َوك َّزذ ُكواا ِكآيَو َو ا ُك اَوئ َو ا ْك‬‫وفا َوااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬ ‫ؼا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما َوَوَلا ُك ْكم َوْك‬
‫اٗمَواُك َو‬ ٌ ‫اخ ْكو‬
‫فَو َوَل َو‬
‫اخ اِك ُك َوفاا‬ ‫ُك ْكماف َوه َو‬
‫ِك‬
2:36-39 Then the Satan misled them about it and got them out
of the (blessed) state they were in. We (Allah) said: You all get
down with enmity among yourselves. And on earth is your
dwelling place and means of livelihood for a (fixed) term. Then
Adam received from his Lord certain Words (or instructions)
and He forgave him (Adam). Verily, He is Oft-Returning, Most
Merciful. We (Allah) said: You all get down from here. And
when guidance comes to you from Me, whosoever follows My
guidance, on them shall be no fear nor shall they grieve. But
those who reject and treat Our signs as false, they shall be
companions of the Fire; they shall reside therein.
They were thus sent down to earth. Allah forgave Adam and
guided him to the righteous path. Adam received from Allah
certain instructions. Allah said to them that the earth is their
dwelling place and means of livelihood for a fixed term and
when Allah‟s guidance comes to them, whosoever follows it,
they will not go astray and they do not have to fear or grieve
and whosoever reject it, they will fall into misery and reside in
Hell forever. It is with these instructions Adam and Eve were
sent down to earth.
The arrival of Adam and Eve on Earth marked the
beginning of God‟s test of human robots on the earth. The earth
is the habitat of human beings and means of livelihood for a
fixed term (test period). Man will die on the earth, and
afterwards resurrected from the earth. The Quran does not
mention the exact location of the earth where Adam and Eve
arrived. Investigations about the origin of human race have led
to two theories about the location where human species first
appeared. One is „out of Africa‟ theory and the other,

multiregional theory. Of these, the latter proposes origin of
man at more than one place on the earth. The multiregional
theory is therefore not compatible with the Quran. This theory
has to be rejected in the light of the Quranic indication of one
location for the arrival of the first human couple. „Out of
Africa‟ theory points to Africa as the region of origin of
modern man and from where humans spread over the entire
globe [1, 2]. This theory is acceptable as it is not at variance
with the Quran. Recent studies employing mtDNA analysis
have offered further insight into the pattern of migration of
early humans. It was found that Arabia rather than North
Africa or the Near East was the first staging-post in the spread
of modern human around the world [3]. Based on this it may be
suggested that Adam and Eve might have been sent to some
part of Africa and from there their progeny migrated into
Arabia. It was from Arabia humans spread to other places in
due course. The advent of early civilizations and prophets in
and around Arabia also strengthen this reasoning.
Islam – the basis of Allah’s test

Unless and until human beings know who created them
and for what purpose, why they are here, what the Creator
expects from them and what is their future, etc., they will not
be able to respond to the test the way God wants them to. It is
therefore imperative that the Creator informs mankind of His
intentions and directives. And Allah states thus:
‫إِك َّزفا َو َوْكػَو ااَوْك ُكه َو ٰىا‬
92:12 Verily it is binding on Us to provide guidance.
Divine guidance is the religion Islam. Islam constitutes Allah‟s
directives for testing human robots for their obedience to Him
from the first human couple (Adam and Eve) to the last human
being to be born on this planet before the end of the world. It is
the Religion of Allah. No human being has any role in its
formulation. All other religions are man-made. Allah will not

accept a religion other than Islam. To that effect Allah informs
the entire mankind thus:
‫وفا َو َوْك ُك ْكماآيَو ِكِتا ۙ افَو َو ِك اا ػ َوَّزق ٰى ا َو ْك‬

‫َوصَو َوحافَو َوَلا‬ ‫ل َو‬ُّ ‫اآد َوـاإِك َّزم ايَوأْك ِكَوػَّز ُك ْكم ُكار ُكس ٌ ِكامْك ُك ْكمايػَو ُكق‬
‫يَو ا َوِك َو‬
‫باااَّز ِكرا‬
‫َوص َوح ُك‬
‫ٰى ِك‬
‫اسَو ْك َوػُك اا َوْكػ َوه ا ُك اَوئ َو ا ْك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫وفا َوااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫اك َّزذ ُكواا ِكآيَو َو ا َو ْك‬ ‫ؼا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما َوَوَلا ُك ْكم َوْك‬
‫اٗمَواُك َو‬ ٌ ‫َوخ ْكو‬
‫اخ اِك ُك َوفا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ۖ ا ُك ْكماف َوه َو‬
7:35-36 O children of Adam! Whenever there come to you
apostles from among you explaining My verses to you, then
whoever guard (against evil) and do good things, on them shall
be no fear nor shall have they to grieve. But those who treat
Our verses as false and show arrogance towards it, they are
companions of the Fire; they will dwell therein forever.
‫ااْلس َوَلـا ۗ ا م ااخ ػَو اااَّز ِكذي ا ُك ُكوااااْك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اج َو ُك ُكما‬ ‫باإَّزَلام ْك ا ػَو ْكع َو‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫إ َّزفااا ِّلي َو ا ْك َو اااَّزه ْكِك ْك ُك َو َو ْك َو َو َو‬
‫ااْلِك َو ِكا‬ ‫ااْكعِكْكما ػ ْكغ ا ػْكػَوػ ُكهما ۗ ا م اي ُك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ب‬ ‫اس ِك ُك‬
‫يع ْك‬ ‫ْكف ْك ا آيَو تاااَّزهافَوإ َّزفاااَّزهَو َو‬ ‫ُك َو ًن َو ْك َو َو ْك َو‬
3:19 The religion before Allah is Islam (i.e., submission to
His Will). The People of the Book split (into groups) because
of mutual jealousy after knowledge had come to them.
Whoever denies the verses of Allah (the Quran), then (know)
Allah is indeed swift in calling to account.
‫ضاطَوْكو ًن ا َو َوك ْك ًن ا َو إِكاَوْك ِكهايػُكْك َوج ُكع َو‬ ‫وفا اَوها َوسَومام ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫وفا‬ ‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َوفَوػغَوْكػَو ادي ِك اااَّزهايػَوْكػغُك َو َو ُك ْك َو َو ْك‬
3:83 Do they seek other than the Religion of Allah while all
creatures in the skies and Earth have obediently and
compulsorily submitted to His Will? And to Him shall they all
be brought back.
‫ااْل ِكخَوةِك ِكام َو ْك‬ ‫ااْلس َوَلِكـ ِك‬
‫اديًن افَوػَو ْك ايػُك ْكقَو َو ِكامْكهُكا َو ُك َوو ِكآت ْك‬ ‫َو َوم ْك ايػَوْكَو ِك ا َوْكػَو ْكِك ْك‬
3:85 If anyone desires a religion other than Islam, it will not be
accepted from him. And in the Hereafter he will be among the
losers.
‫فَوأَوِكما جه ااِك ِّلي ِك احِك ًنف ا ۚ افِكطْك تاااَّز ِكهاااَّزِكِتافَوطَو اااَّز سا َو ػه ا ۚ َواَلا َوػ ِكي ِك‬
‫اْلَوْك ِكقاااَّز ِكها‬ ‫ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْك َو ْك َو َو‬
‫ۚ ا ٰىذَواِك َو ااا ِّلي ُك اااْك َوقِّل ُكما َو ٰىاَو ِك َّز ا ْك‬
‫وف‬
30:30 So set your face sincerely to this Faith (Islam). Allah
designed (it) the way He made man. (There is) no change in
Allah‟s creation. That is the lasting religion but most people do
not realize.
‫امَو َّزدااَوهُك ِكام َو اااَّز ِكها ۖ ايػَو ْكوَومئِك ٍءذايَو َّز‬

‫ل َّز ُك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫فَوأَو ْكما َو ْكج َوه َو اا ِّلي ِك اااْك َوقِّل ِكمام ْك ا َوػْك ِك ا ْكَوفايَوأْكِكِتَوايػَو ْكوٌـ َواَل َو‬
30:43 So set your face to this straight religion before there
comes from Allah a Day that cannot be averted. On that Day
they (i.e., human beings) will separate (from one another).
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ج ِك ُك ِك ِك‬
‫احَو ٍءجا ۚ ا‬ ‫اج َوع َوا َو َوْك ُك ْكم ِكآتااا ِّلي ِك ام ْك َو‬ ‫اح َّزقاج َوه دها ۚ ا ُك َوو ْك‬
‫ااجَوَو ُكك ْكما َو َوم َو‬ ‫اآتاااَّزه َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫وؿا َو ه ًن اا‬ ‫وفاااَّز ُكس ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اْسَّز ُكك ُكماااْك ُك ْك َو ام ْك ا َوػْك ُكا َوٓتا َو َوذاااَو ُك َو‬ ۚ ‫ِك‬
‫ِكمَّز َوا َو ُك ْكماإ ْكػَوا َوما ا ُك َوو َو‬
‫ل ُك واا ِك اَّز ِكها ُك َووا‬
‫اااال َوَلةَوا آ ُكوااااَّزَوك ةَوا ا ْك َو ِك‬ ‫ۚ ِك‬
‫َو‬ ‫َو َوْك ُك ْكما َو َو ُك واُكواا ُك َوه َو ا َوا َو َو اااَّز ِكسا افَوأَو ُك و َّز َو‬
‫موَوَل ُككما ۖ افَوِكعماااْك وَو ٰىَلا اِكعمااا ِك‬
‫َّزل ُكا‬ ‫ْك َو َو ْك َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو ْك ْك‬
22:78 “…..He (Allah) has chosen you and He has imposed no
difficulties on you in religion. It is the religion of your father
Abraham. It is He who named you Muslims, both before and in
this (Quran). (That is) for the messenger to be a witness for
you, and you (i.e., believers) the witnesses for the mankind. So
establish the Prayer, give charity and hold on to Allah firmly.
He is your guardian – the best to protect and the best to help.”
Islam is therefore the divine test capsule. The basic
tenets of the religion Islam are presented here in the light of the
Quranic revelations. These would not be different for nations
of different prophets.
‫با َواِك ٍءما‬
‫م ايػ َوق ُكؿااَو َو اإِكَّزَلام ا َو ْك ا ِك ااِك ُّس ِك ِكام ا َوػْك ِك َو ا ۚ اإِك َّزفارَّز َو ااَو ُكذ ام ْكغ ِكف ٍءةا ذُك ا ِك َوق ٍء‬
‫َو َو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو ُك ْك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو ُك‬
41:43 Nothing is said to you (O Prophet Muhammad) that was
not said to the apostles before you. Indeed your Lord is the
Lord of forgiveness as well as the Lord of painful punishment.
There may be however differences in the rites and rules

prescribed by Allah for different peoples. For instance, all
kinds of food were permitted for the Jews, the people of
Prophet Moses (Q. 3:93-94). However for the people of
Prophet Muhammad some items of food are not allowed (Q.
16:115).
‫احَّز َوـاإِك ْكسَوائِك ُكا َو َو ٰى ااػَو ْكف ِك ِكه ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ِك ا ْكَوفا ػُكَوػَّز َوؿا‬ ‫ُكك ُّاااطَّز َوع ِكـ َو ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اك َوفاح ًَّلااَوِك اإ ْكسَوائ َواإَّزَل َو‬
‫ام َو‬
‫ب ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫اكْك م ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اص د َو افَو َو ِك اافْكػَوػَو ٰى ا َو َو اااَّزهاااْك َو ذ َو‬ ‫اا ػ ْكَّزوَوراةُكا ۗ ا ُك ْك افَوأْكُكواا ا ػ ْكَّزوَوراةافَو ْكػُكوَو اإِك ْكف ُك ُك ْك َو‬
‫ػَو ْكع ِكا ٰىَوذاِك َو افَوأُك ٰىاَوئِك َو ا ُك ُكماااظَّز اِك ُك َو‬
‫وفاا‬
3:93-94 All food items were lawful to the children of Israel
except what Israel made unlawful for itself before the Taurat
(the Book of Moses) was revealed. Say: “You bring the Taurat
and recite it, if you are truthful.” If anybody fabricates lie about
Allah after that, they are the wrongdoers.
‫ِك ِك‬
‫ااْلِكْك ِكي ِك ا َو َوم ا ُك َّزااغَو ْكِك اااَّز ِكها ِكِكها ۖ افَو َو ِك ْك‬
‫ااضطُكَّز ا َوْكػَو ا َو ٍءغا‬ ‫َّزـا َو َوْلْك َوم ْك‬
‫احَّز َوـا َو َوْك ُك ُكماااْك َو ْكَو َوا َواا َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫إَّزٔمَو َو‬
‫ور َوارِكح ٌام‬ ‫ٍء ِك‬
ٌ ‫َوَوَلا َو دافَوإ َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ُكف‬
16:115 He has forbidden to you only dead body, blood, pork
and any (food) on which name other than Allah‟s has been
invoked. But if anybody is forced (by the circumstances, he
may eat the forbidden food) without willful disobedience and
transgressing the limits. Then verily Allah is Oft-Forgiving,
Most Merciful.
a) Doctrine of oneness of God (Tawhid)

The foundation of Islam is tawhid – the doctrine of
oneness of God (monotheism). Islamic monotheism means
Allah (Al Ilah in Arabic meaning the Lord or God) is the only
God. It is this truth Allah conveyed to His servants first and
foremost. It is this truth Allah‟s robots have to accept first.
Obviously it formed the core message the messengers of Allah,
from Adam to Muhammad, conveyed to their peoples. We find
every message in the Quran resonates and revolves round the
absolute truth – Allah, the only God. A large number of verses

in the Quran convey the doctrine of oneness of God
emphasizing its pivotal importance and directing mankind to
stop associating partners with Him and also idolatory.
‫اك ِّلا‬
‫ب ُك‬ ُّ ‫ْك ِك ِك َو ا ُك ْك ا َو َوْكػَو اااَّز ِكها َوْكغِك َوارًّ ا َو ُك َوو َوار‬ ‫تا َو َواَو ا َوَّز ُكؿاااْك ُك‬
‫َوَلا َو ِكي َو ااَوهُكا ۖ ا َو ِك َوذا َو ا ُكم ْك ُك‬
‫اّتَّزاإِك َو ٰىَل َوارِّل ُك ْكما‬ ‫ۚ ا َوَوَلا َو ِكُكرا َو ِكازَورةٌا ِكْكزَورا ْك‬
‫ُكخَو ٰى ا ۚ ُك‬ ‫ساإِكَّزَلا َو َوْكػ َوه ا‬ ‫اك ُّااػَو ْكف ٍء‬
‫ب ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ۚ ‫ٍء‬
‫َو ْك ا ا َوَوَلا َو ْك ُك‬
‫وفاا‬‫اَّتْكَوِك ُكف َو‬
‫اكْكُك ْكمافِك ِكه َو‬
‫َوم ْك ِكج ُكع ُك ْكمافَوػُكػَوِّلئُك ُك ْكم ِكاِبَو ُك‬
6:163-164 He (i.e., Allah) has no partner and I was instructed
about that. And I am the foremost among Muslims. Say:
Should I seek a Lord other than Allah? And He is the Lord of
all things. No soul earns except on itself. No bearer of burdens
bears the burden of another. Afterwards, your return is to
Allah. He will then tell you about the things in which you
disputed.
‫ِك‬ ‫اِنِك تا ْكَوفا َو َو اااَّز ِكذي ا َو ْك َو ِك‬
‫تا‬ ‫اد ِكفاااَّزها ۚ ا ُك ْك َواَلا َوَّزِك ُكعا َو ْك َووا َو ُكك ْكما ۙ ا َو ْك َو‬
‫اضَوْك ُك‬ ‫وفام ْك ُك‬ ‫َو ُك‬ ‫ْك ُك‬ ‫ُك ْك اإِك ِّلِّن ُك ُك‬
‫إِك ًنذاا َو َوم ا َواَو ِكام َو اااْك ُك ْكهَو ِكي َوا‬
6:56 Say: It is forbidden on me (Prophet Muhammad) to
worship those whom you call upon other than Allah. Say: I will
not follow your desires. (If I do that), I would go astray and I
will not be among the guided ones.
‫اخَّز ِكام َو ااا َّز َو ِك افَوػَو ْكخطَوُكفهُكاااطَّزْكػُك ا َوْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ام ْك ِكك َو ا ِكها ۚ ا َو َوم ْك ايُك ْك ِك ْكؾا ِك اَّزهافَو َو أَّزَؤمَو َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫ُكحَوػ َوف َوااَّزها َوْكػَو ُك‬
‫اس ِكح ٍءاق‬ ‫َوػه ِكويا ِكِكهاااِّليح ِكآت ٍء‬
‫ام َو ف َو‬ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫ْك‬
22:31 Be honest (in Faith) to Allah without joining partners to
Him. If anyone associates partners with Allah, he is like the
one dropped from the sky and then swooped up by birds, or the
one carried by wind and thrown into a far-off place.
‫َّزخ ْكذا َو اَو ًن اا َو َوَلْكايَو ُك ْك ااَوهُكا َو ِكي ٌ ِكآتاااْك ُك ْك ِك ا َو َوَلْكايَو ُك ْك ااَوهُكا َوِكِل ِكام َو ا‬
‫ياَلايػ ِك‬ ‫ُك ِك ْك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ااْلَو ْك ُك ااَّزهاااَّزذ َوْك َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ِك‬ ۖ ‫ِّل‬
‫ااذؿا ا َو َوكِّلػ ْكهُكا َو ْك ًنا‬ُّ
17:111 Say: Praise be to Allah. He has no son. He has no

partner in (His) dominion, and He has no helper for weakness
(i.e., He has no weakness). Glorify His greatness to the highest.

Lord of the worlds.
‫لُك َوفاا‬
‫لًناا َوَوَلا َواْكػ ُكف َو ُكه ْكمايػَوْك ُك‬
‫اَلُك ْكمااَو ْك‬ ‫وفا َوَوَلايَو ْك َو ِكط ُكع َو‬
‫وف َو‬ ‫ا٘مْكَو ُكق َو‬
‫ا٘مْكُك ُكقا َو ْكئًن ا َو ُك ْكم ُك‬
‫ام َواَل َو‬ ‫َويُك ْك ِكُكك َو‬
‫وف َو‬
7:191-192 Do they ascribe to Him partners that can create
nothing but are themselves created? The (partners) cannot give
them any help nor can they help themselves!
‫ِك‬
‫اآَل ًنا ۖ اإِك ِّلِّنا َور َواؾا َوػوم َو ِكآت َو ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫امِك ٍءا‬
‫اض َوَلؿ ُك‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫َوصَو ًنم َو‬ ‫َو إِك ْكذا َو َوؿاإِك ْكػَوا ُكماْلَوِك ه َو‬
‫اآزَورا َوَوػَّزخ ُكذا ْك‬
6:74 Lo! Abraham said to his father Azar: Do you take idols
for gods? Indeed I see you and your people in manifest error.
‫باإِكا ُكػَّزه َّز ا‬
‫َوصَو َوـ َوار ِّل‬ ‫اجُكْك ِك ا َو َوِك َّزا ْكَوفااػَو ْكعُك َو ْك‬
‫ااْل ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ااج َوع ْك ا ٰىَو َوذااااْكَوػَو َو اآمًن ا َو ْك‬
‫ب ْك‬‫َو إِك ْكذا َو َوؿاإِك ْكػَوا ِك ُكم َوار ِّل‬
‫ور َوارِكح ٌماا‬ ‫اام اااَّز ِكسا ۖ افَو ا َوِك َوع ِك افَوِكإاَّزهُك ِكام ِّل ا ۖ ا م ا َو َو ِك‬
ٌ ‫ل ِكِّنافَوإاَّز َو ا َو ُكف‬ ‫َو َو ْك‬ ‫َو ْك‬
‫َوضَوْك َو ِك ِك‬
‫اكث ًن َو‬ ‫ْك َو‬
14:35-36 Remember Abraham said: O my Lord! Make this city
secure and keep me and my children away from worshipping
idols. O my Lord! They (i.e., the idols) have indeed led many
people astray. Then whoever follows me, he belongs to me
(i.e., my group) and whoever disobeys me, then verily You are
Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
‫اد ِكفا‬ ‫اتا ْكاْلَورضااَو ػ ُكقواُك َّز اااَّزها ۚ ا ُك ا َوفَوػ َويػ مام ا َو ْك َو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفام ْك ُك‬ ‫ُك ْك َو ْكُك ْك َو ُك‬ ‫اخَو َوقااا َّز َو َو َو ْك َو َو‬ ‫اسأَواْكَوػ ُكه ْكم َو‬
‫ام ْك َو‬ ‫َو اَوئ ْك َو‬
‫اضِّلهِكا َوْك ا َوَور َوادِكِّنا ِكَو ْك َوٍءا َو ْك ا ُك َّز ا‬
‫ت ُك‬
‫ااَّز ِكهاإِك ْكفا َورادِكِّناااَّزها ِكضٍّ ا ا َّز َو ِك‬
‫اك َوف ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو ُك ُك َو ْك ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ِباااَّزهُكا ۖ ا َو َوْكهايػَوَوػ َووَّزك ُكاااْك ُك َوػ َووِّلكُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ت َوار ْك َوِك ِكها ۚ ا ُك ْك َو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اح ْك َو‬ ‫ُكِمْك َو ُك‬
39:38 If you ask them who created the skies and the earth,
they will say, “Allah”. Say: Have you seen those, which you
invoke besides Allah? If Allah intends (to give) some harm for
me, can they remove His harm? Or if He intends (to bestow)
some mercy on me, can they prevent His mercy? Say:
Sufficient is Allah for me! Those who want to put trust will put
trust on Him.
It is pertinent to note in this context that Allah informs
us that He had already taken testimony from human beings
(anfus) that Allah is their Creator (Q. 7:172-173).
‫تا ِكَوِّل ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫إِك ْكذا َوخ َوذارُّ ِكام ا ِك اآدـ ِكام اظُكه ِكِك‬
‫ور ْكماذُكِّلريػَّزَوػ ُكه ْكما َو َو ْك َوه َو ُك ْكما َو َو ٰى ا َواْكػ ُكف ِكه ْكما َواَو ْك ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو َو ْك َو َو َو ْك ُك‬
‫اكَّز ا َو ْك ا ٰىَو َوذاا َو ف َو ا َوْك ا َوػ ُكقواُكوااإِكَّزٔمَو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ۖ ا َو اُكواا ػَوَو ٰى ا ۛ ا َو ِكه ْك اَو ا ۛ ا ْكَوفا َوػ ُكقواُكواايػَو ْكوَوـاااْكقَو َوم اإِكاَّز ُك‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫َو ْك َو َوؾاآ َو ُكؤاَو ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ُكا َو ُككَّز اذُكِّلريَّزًن ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِك ِك ْكما ۖ ا َوفَوػُكػ ْكهِك ُك َو ِكاِبَو افَوػ َوع َواااْك ُك ْك ِكطُك َو‬
7:172-173 Behold, your Lord took from the loins of the
children of Adam their offspring and made them testify about
themselves! (Allah asked them): “Am I not your Lord? They
said: “Yes! We do testify.” (This was done because) you might
say on the Day of Judgment: “We were unaware about it” or
you might say: “Our forefathers had joined partners to Allah
and we became (their) descendants (following their footsteps).
Will You then destroy us for what those vain people had
done?”
The verses clearly reveal that Allah has made it known to
human beings that He is their God and they have testified to
that. The testimony mentioned implies that information about
the existence of Creator Allah had already been incorporated in
human biosoftware (Adam‟s nafs) and human beings know by
default there is God. This supposition is strengthened by two
Quranic indications. One is, nowhere in the Quran is there
mention of people at any time during the past believing in no
God (atheism). People in the past believed in not one God but
in many false gods. It is to correct this belief and convey His
messages Allah sent the prophets to the people.
‫وح اإِكاَوْك ِكها َواَّزهُك َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا َواَو افَو ْك ُك ُك ِكفا‬ ‫م ا َورس ْكَو ِكام ا َوػ ِك َو ِكام ارس ٍء‬
‫وؿاإِكَّزَلااُك ِك‬
‫ْك َو ُك‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو ْك ْك‬
21:25 We (Allah) had not sent an apostle before you (Prophet

Muhammad) except to convey to him, “There is no God but I;
therefore serve (i.e., worship) Me”.
‫ِك ٰى ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اَو َوق ْك ا َورس ْكَو ااُك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ؼا‬ ‫ام ااَو ُك ْكمام ْك اإِكاَوها َوْكػُكهُكاإِك ِّلِّنا َو‬
‫َوخ ُك‬ ‫وح اإ َو ٰىَلا َوػ ْكومهافَوػ َوق َوؿايَو ا َوػ ْكوـاا ْك ُك ُك ااااَّزهَو َو‬
‫ًن‬ ‫ْك َو‬
‫ٍء‬
‫ابايػَو ْكوـا َو ِكظ ٍءام‬‫َو َوْك ُك ْكما َو َوذ َو‬
7:59 We sent Noah to his people. He said: O my people!
Worship Allah. You have no God besides Him. Verily, I am
afraid of punishment for you on a great Day (i.e., the Day of
Judgement).
‫وفا‬ ‫ام ااَو ُك ْكم ِكام ْك اإِكٰىاَو ٍءها َوْكػُكهُكا ۚ ا َوفَو َوَلا َوػ ػ ُك‬
‫َّزق َو‬ ‫وداا ۗ ا َو َوؿايَو ا َوػ ْكوـاا ْك ُك ُك ااااَّزهَو َو‬ ‫َو إِك َو ٰىَلا َو دا َو‬
‫َوخ ُك ْكما ُك ًن‬
7:65 To the ‟Ad people, (We sent) their brother Hud. He
said: O my people! Worship Allah. You have no God besides
Him. Will you not fear (Allah)?
‫اح ٌ ا ۖ َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َوواااَّز ْك ٰىَو ُك اااَّز ِكح ُكما‬
‫إِك ٰىَوَل ُك ماإِكٰىاَوها ِك‬
‫َو ُك ْك ٌ َو‬
2:163 And your God is One God. There is no God but He,
Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
There are also experimental findings to support the
availability of information about God in human biosystem. The
results of the studies conducted in cognitive neuroscience by
Jordan Grafman and his team at the US National Institute of
Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, defined a
psychological and neuroanatomical framework for the
(predominately explicit) processing of religious belief [4]. In
simple terms this means that their study indicated there are
certain locations in the brain that control religious faith. They
interpreted their results from the evolutionary point of view
and suggested that “religiosity is integrated in cognitive
processes and brain networks used in social cognition, rather
than being sui generis... The evolution of these networks was
likely driven by their primary roles in social cognition,
language, and logical reasoning... Religious cognition likely
emerged as a unique combination of these several

evolutionarily important cognitive processes.”
The finding from the study is however important from
the Quranic point of view because it proves that there is some
part in the brain concerned with religious belief. This can be
very much expected from the revelation of the testimony in
verses 7:172-173 quoted above. Thus belief in God comes from
the a priori information immanent in our biosystem. Ever since
the arrival of man on Earth, he has been demonstrating this by
way of belief in supernatural powers, gods and goddesses.
Historical accounts and archaeological finds testify to the
prevalence of worshipping gods and goddesses in ancient
cultures. This also indicates that man is by default a believer in
God. Even in the biosystems of the so-called atheists there is
the glimmer of divinity deep in their minds. The term
“atheism” denotes denial of God and it comes from the Greek
prefix a-, meaning “without” and the Greek word “theos”
meaning “deity”. There are also agnostics who are skeptical
about God. They neither believe nor disbelieve in God. But in
practice, they are also atheists. Agnosticism is considered
negative atheism in the sense that it only denotes lack of belief
in God whereas positive atheism is total denial of existence of
God.
Atheism is of very recent origin. Although there are
several historical accounts of atheism, they differ substantially
over its beginning. The disagreement is mainly because of the
way „atheism‟ is defined. Besides strict negation of God‟s
existence, the definitions also cover various forms of religious
criticism, heterodoxy and nonconformity. As the German
scholar of atheism Winfried Schroeder points out, a „history of
atheism‟ can often in fact amount to something more like a
history of various religious departures from orthodoxy than of
atheism in any strict sense [5]. According to Lucien Febvre and
Paul Oskar Kristeller, there is no good evidence for atheism (in
this stricter sense of negating God) prior to the seventeenth
century [6]. This observation is important as it implies that the

idea of „no god‟ took shape with the advancement of modern
science. Development of Darwin‟s theory and others (see
chapter 3) substantiates that. Clearly therefore atheism is of
satanic origin and is unnatural to human biosystem.
Second indication in the Quran of the presence of
information on God in human biosystem is Allah instructs
Adam while they (Adam and Eve) were sent down to Earth
(the human robot testing laboratory) that when Allah‟s
guidance (through prophets) comes, people should believe in
that and obey Allah (Q. 2:38-39 quoted above). This direction
reflects the availability of information about God in human
biosystem. This is further strengthened by the use of the term
“reminder” in several verses to indicate the Books (Scriptures)
Allah gave to His prophets. The Scriptures serve as reminder of
the testimony of human species (Q. 7:172-173 quoted above).
Some of the verses in which the Scripture is mentioned as
Reminder are presented below.
‫ضا َو ُك ا ۖ افَوِكإ َّزم ايَوأْك ِكَوػَّز ُك ْكم ِكام ِّل ا ُك ًن افَو َو ِك اا ػَّزَو َوعا‬ ‫ض ُك ْكمااِكَوػ ْكع ٍء‬ ‫َو َوؿاا ِكطَو ِكامْكػه َوِك‬
‫اَج ًنع ا ۖ ا ػَو ْكع ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْك‬
‫اضْك ًن ا َو َوْكْم ُك ُكهُكايػَو ْكوَوـا‬ ‫اذ ْكك ِكيافَوِكإ َّزفااَوه ِك‬ ‫ض ُّا َوَلاي ْك َوق ا م ا َو ضا ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫امع َو ًن َو‬ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫ايافَو َوَلايَو َو َو ٰى َو َو ْك ْك َو َو َو ْك‬ ‫ُك َو َو‬
‫ااْك ِكقَو َوم ا َو ْك َو ٰى اا‬
‫ِك‬
20:123-124 He (Allah) said: “Both of you (Adam and Eve)
together get down from it (i.e., the garden where they were
living). You (human beings) will be enemies among one
another. But when guidance comes to you (mankind) from Me,
whoever follows My guidance will not go astray or fall into
misery. Whoever turns away from My Reminder, he will surely
have a narrow life; and on the Day of Judgment, We will
gather him as blind.
‫اذ ْككٌ ِكام ْك َوارِّل ُك ْكما َو َو ٰى َوار ُكج ٍء ِكامْك ُك ْكمااِكُكػْك ِكذ َورُكك ْكما َو اِكَو ػ ُك‬
‫َّزقواا َو اَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما ُكػ ْك َوُك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫َو ِكج ما ْكَوفاج ُككم ِك‬
‫َو َو ْكُك ْك َو َو ْك‬
7:63 Are you surprised to see a Reminder (i.e., the messages)
coming from your Lord through a man (Prophet Noah) among
you to warn you so that you may fear Allah and receive His
mercy?
‫ا٘مْك َو و َوفارػَّز ُكهما ِك اْكغَوْك ِك‬
‫با َو ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك َّز ِك‬
‫وس ٰى ا َو َو ُكر َوفاااْك ُكف ْك َو َوفا َو ضَو ًنا َو ذ ْككًنااا ْك ُك َّزق َو اااذي َو َو ْك َو ْك‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫َو اَو َوق ْك اآ َوػْكػَو ُك‬
‫ام ْك ِكف ُكق َو‬
‫م َو ااا َّز َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬
21:48-49 We had given to Moses and Aaron the criterion (to
judge right and wrong), a light and a Reminder for the God-
conscious – those who fear their Lord unseen and who are
afraid of the (Final) Hour.

‫اااذ ْكك ِك ا َّز‬ ‫اكَوْكػَو ِكآتاااَّزُك ِك‬
21:105 Before this, We wrote in the Zaboor (the Book given to
that My righteous servants will inherit the earth.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اج َو ُكك ْكماذ ْككٌ ام ْك َوارِّل ُك ْكما َو َو ٰى َوار ُكج ٍء امْك ُك ْكمااُكػْكذ َورُكك ْكما ۚ ا َواذْك ُككُك ااإ ْكذ َو‬
‫اج َوعَو ُك ْكما‬ ‫َوَو َوجْكُك ْكما ْكَوف َو‬
‫ااآَل َواااَّز ِكهااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما ُكػ ْكفِك ُكح َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ااْلَوْك ِكقا َو ْك طَو ًنا ۖ افَو ذْك ُككُك َو‬ ‫ُكخَو َوف َو ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِكا َوػ ْكوِكـااُك ٍء‬
‫وحا َو َوز َواد ُكك ْكم ِكآت ْك‬
7:69 Are you surprised to see a Reminder (i.e., the messages)
coming from your Lord through a man (Prophet Hud) among
you to warn you? And remember that He made you the
successors to the people of Noah and enhanced your physique.
Therefore, remember Allah‟s favours so that you may be
successful.
‫اض َوَل ٍءؿا ُكس ُكع ٍء ا َوُكاْك ِكق ِّل‬
‫اااذ ْككُك ا َو َوْك ِكه ِكام ْك ا ػَوْكِكَو ا َو ْك ا ُك َووا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َو‬ ‫فَوػ َوق اُكواا َوَو َو ًناامَّز ا َواح ًن اااػَوَّز ُكعهُكاإاَّز اإ ًنذاااَوف َو َو‬
‫ابا َو ِك ٌ اا‬ٌ ‫َوك َّزذ‬
54:24-25 They said: Are we to follow a man (Prophet Salih)
from among ourselves? Then we will surely be in error and
mad! Has the Reminder been sent down to him among us?
Nay, he is an insolent liar!
‫اذ ْككٌ ااِكْك َوع اَو ِك َوا‬
‫إِك ْكفا واإِكَّزَل ِك‬
‫ُك َو‬
3887 This (the Quran) is nothing but a Reminder to the
people of the world.
‫)‪b) God-consciousness (taqwa‬‬

‫‪Man should live every moment of his life in accordance‬‬
‫‪with the instructions of Allah submitting to His Will. Such‬‬
‫‪people are the true Muslims. They are the God-fearing or God-‬‬
‫‪conscious ones, whom the Quran addresses as “muttaqeen”.‬‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬
‫اح َّزقا ػُك َوق ها َوَوَل َواَتُكوُك َّز اإَّزَلا َو َواْكػُك ْكم ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫اآمُكوااا ػ ُكَّزقوااااَّزهَو َو‬
‫‪3:102 O believers! Fear Allah the way He should be feared‬‬
‫‪and do not die except as Muslims.‬‬
‫ص ِكُك اا َو َورا ِكطُكواا َوا ػ ُكَّزقوااااَّزهَوااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما ُكػ ْكفِك ُكح َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ي ا َويػُّه اااَّز ِكذي اآمُكو ْك ِك‬
‫اااص ُكِب اا َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫‪3:200 O believers! Be patient and excel in patience and be‬‬
‫‪prepared. And be God-conscious that you may succeed.‬‬
‫يا َوَوَلاااْك َوق َوَلئِك َو ا َوَوَل ِّل‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ي ا َويػُّه اااَّز ِكذي اآمُكو َو ِك‬
‫اآم َو ا‬ ‫ااَلَوْك َو‬
‫ااْلَوَو َواـا َوَوَل ْك‬ ‫ااَلا ُك ُّواا َو َوع ئَو اااَّزها َوَوَلااا ْك‬
‫َّزهَو ْك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫اٖم ِكَومَّز ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ض ًنَلام ْك َوارِّلِب ْكما َو ِكر ْك‬
‫صطَو ُكد اا ۚ ا َوَوَل َوْك‬ ‫ض َووااًن ا ۚ ا َو إ َوذ َو‬
‫ااحَوْكُك ْكمافَو ْك‬ ‫وفافَو ْك‬ ‫ااْلَوَو َواـايػَوْكَوػغُك َو‬
‫ت ْك‬ ‫ااْكَوػْك َو‬
‫اص ُّ ُكك ْكما َو ِك اااْك َو ْك ِكج ِك ْك‬
‫ااْلَوَو ِكاـا ْكَوفا َوػ ْكعَو ُك اا ۘ ا َو َوػ َوع َو اُكواا َو َو اااْكِك ِّلِبا َواا ػ ْكَّزق َوو ٰى ا ۖ ا‬ ‫ُك ٍء‬
‫آفا َوػ ْكوـا ْكَوف َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫ااْل ْكِكّتا َوااْك ُكع ْك َو ِكافا ۚ ا َوا ػ ُكَّزقوااااَّزهَوا ۖ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ِكي ُك اااْكعِك َوق ِكا‬
‫ب‬ ‫َوَوَلا َوػ َوع َو اُكواا َو َو ْكِك‬
‫‪5:2 “O believers! …. Fear Allah. Verily Allah is severe in‬‬
‫”‪punishment.‬‬
‫ام َو ِّلِك َو ا‬ ‫تا ۙ ا َو َوم ا َو َّز ْك ُك ْكم ِكام َو ْك‬
‫ااْلَوَووارِكِكح ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ام ذَواا ِكُكح َّز َو‬
‫اَلُك ْكما ۖ ا ُك ْك ا ُكح َّزااَو ُك ُكماااطَّزِّلَو ُك‬ ‫يَو ْك أَواُكواَو َو َو‬
‫اااس َوماااَّز ِكها َو َوْك ِكها ۖ ا َوا ػ ُكَّزقواا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ُكػ َوعِّل ُك واػَو ُكه َّز اِمَّز ا َو َّز َو ُك ُكماااَّزهُكا ۖ افَو ُك ُكوااِمَّز ا ْكَوم َو ْك َو ا َو َوْك ُك ْكما َواذْك ُككُك ْك‬
‫ب‬ ‫يع ْك‬ ‫اس ِك ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ااَّزهَوا ۚ اإ َّزفاااَّزهَو َو‬
‫‪5:4 “….And fear Allah. Verily Allah is swift in taking‬‬
‫”‪account.‬‬
‫ي ا َويػُّه اااَّز ِكذي اآم وااا ػ ُكَّزقوااااَّزها اْك ػْكظُك ااػَو ْكفسام ا َو َّزم ِك ٍء‬
‫تااغَو ا ۖ ا َوا ػ ُكَّزقوااااَّزهَوا ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَو َو‬
‫اخِك ٌا‬ ‫َو َو َو ْك ٌ َو َو ْك‬ ‫َو َو ُك‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫ِكِبَو ا َوػ ْكع َو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
59:18 O believers! Fear Allah. Let every one take a look at

what he has done for tomorrow in advance. Fear Allah. And
Allah is well acquainted with what you do.
c) Articles of Faith
Allah directs mankind to believe in Him unseen, the
angels, the prophets (messengers or apostles), the Books sent to
prophets, the Last Day (end of the world), re-creation of the
universe, resurrection, meeting with Allah, Judgement, Heaven
and Hell, the unseen (ghayb), etc.
‫اآم َو ا ِك اَّز ِكها َوااْكَوػ ْكوِكـ ْك‬
‫ااْل ِكخ ِك ا‬ ‫ِك ٰى ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اَوْك ِك‬
‫ساااْك َّزِبا ْكَوفا ُكػ َوواُّواا ُك ُكجوَو ُك ْكما َو َواااْك َو ْك ِكؽا َوااْك َو ْكغ ِكبا َو اَو َّز اااْك َّزِب َو‬
‫ام ْك َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫احِّل ِكها َوذ ِكياااْك ُكق ْك َو ٰىَبا َوااْكَوَو َوم ٰى ا َوااْك َو َو كِك َو ا َوا ْك َو ا‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوااْك َو َو َو َو َو ِّل َو َو َو َو َو َو َو ٰى ُك‬
‫ا‬ ‫ؿ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫اا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ا‬
‫ْك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ئ‬ ‫َل‬
‫وفا ِك َوع ْكه ِك ِك ْكماإِك َوذاا َو َو ُك اا ۖ ا‬ ‫ااال َوَل َوةا َوآ َو اااَّزَوك َوةا َوااْك ُك وفُك َو‬
‫با َو َوَو َوـ َّز‬ ‫اا َّز ِك ِك ا اا َّز ئِكِك َو ا ِكٓتاااِّل َو ِك‬
‫َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬ ۖ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬ ۗ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اال ِك ِكي َو آتاااْكَوأْك َوس ا َو َّز‬
‫ِك‬
‫اص َو ُكواا ا َو ُك اَوئ َو ا ُك ُكما‬ ‫ااضَّزا ا َوح َو اااْكَوأْكسا ا ُك اَوئ َو اااذي َو َو‬ ‫َو َّز‬
‫َّزق َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ااْك ُك ػ ُك‬
2:177 It is not whether you turn your faces towards east or
west that is piety; but the pious is the one who believes in
Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Book and the messengers;
and (who) gives his treasured wealth to kin, orphans, the poor,
the wayfarer, those who ask, and for freeing slaves; and (who
is) steadfast in the Prayer, and (who) gives charity; and (who)
fulfill the contracts they make; and (who) remain patient during
suffering and adversity, and during war. They are the people of
truth and they are the God-conscious.
‫اك ِّلا َو ٍء ا َو ِكيٌ ا َو َّز‬
‫َوفااا َّز َو َواآ ِكَو ٌ َواَلا‬ ‫ااْل ُّقا َواَّزهُك ُكْكِك‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَوا ُك َوو ْكَو َو‬ ‫ٰىذَواِك َو ا ِكأ َّز‬
‫اٗم اااْك َو ْكوَو ٰى ا َو َواَّزهُكا َو َو ٰى ُك ْك‬
‫وراا‬‫ام ْك ِكآتاااْك ُكقُك ِك‬
‫ث َو‬ ‫بافِك َوه ا َو َّز‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَوايػَوْكػ َوع ُك‬ ‫َوريْك َو‬
22:6-7 That is so because Allah is the Reality (the Truth) and
(because) He gives life to the dead, and (because) He has
power over all things. And (because) the (Final) Hour will
come; there is no doubt about it and about (the fact) that Allah
will raise up (all) who are in the graves.
‫اآم َو ا ِك اَّز ِكها َوااْكَوػ ْكوِكـ ْك‬

‫ااْل ِكخ ِك ا َو َو ِك َوا‬ ‫ام ْك َو‬
‫إِك َّزفاااَّز ِكذي اآمُكواا ااَّز ِكذي ا د اا ااَّزل ر ٰى ا َّز ِكِك‬
‫اال ئ َو َو‬ ‫َو َو َو َو َو ُك َو َو َو َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ؼا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما َوَوَلا ُك ْكم َوْك‬
‫اٗمَواُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ٌ ‫اخ ْكو‬
‫َوجُك ُك ْكما ْك َو َوارِّلِب ْكما َوَوَل َو‬
‫ص ْلًن افَوػَو ُكه ْكما ْك‬‫َو‬
2:62 The believers (in the Quran), the Jews, the Christians
and the Sabians (or) any who believe in Allah and the Day of
Judgement and work righteousness – they have their reward
with their Lord; they do not have to fear nor shall they grieve.
‫اخِك ٌا‬
‫وف َو‬ ‫آمُكواا ِك اَّز ِكها ر ُكسواِكِكها اا ِك‬
‫ُّوراااَّز ِكذيا َواْكػَواْكَو ا ۚ ا َوااَّزهُك ِكاِبَو ا َوػ ْكع َو ُك َو‬ ‫فَو ِك‬
‫َو َو َو‬
64:8 Believe, therefore, in Allah and His messenger and in
the Light (i.e., the Quran), which We have sent down. And
Allah is well acquainted with what you do.
‫باااَّز ِكذيااَوػَّز َوؿا َوَو ٰى ارسواِكِكها ااْك ِكَو ِك‬
‫باااَّز ِكذياَواْكػَو َوؿ ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ُكا‬ ‫ااآمُكوااِك اَّز ِكها رسواِكِكها ااْك ِكَو ِك‬ ‫ي اَويػُّه اااَّز ِكذي اآمُكو ِك‬
‫َو ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اض َوَلًنَلا َوع ًن ا‬
‫اض َّز َو‬
‫ااْلخ افَوػ َوق ْك َو‬ ‫ۚ ا َو َوم ْك ايَو ُك‬
‫ْكف ْك ا ا ها َو َوم َوَلئ َو ها َو ُككُك ها َو ُكر ُكس ها َوااْكَوػ ْكوـ ْك‬
4:136 Any whoever denies Allah, His angels, His Books, His
messengers, and the Day of Judgment, has gone far astray.
‫ضا‬ ‫ْكفُك َوفا ِك اَّز ِكها َو ُكر ُكسِك ِكها َو يُكِكي ُك َوفا ْكَوفايػُك َوفِّل ُكواا ػَو ْك َو اااَّز ِكها َو ُكر ُكسِك ِكها َو يػَو ُكقواُك َو‬
‫وفااػُك ْك ِكم ُك ا ِكَوػ ْكع ٍء‬ ‫إِك َّزفاااَّز ِكذي َو ايَو ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫َّزخ ُكذ اا ػ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو ِك ٰى ِك‬ ‫ضا ي ِكي ُك َوفا ْكَوفايػ ِك‬ ‫اَو ُك ِك‬
‫اح ًّق ا ۚ ا َو َو ْك َو ْك اَو ا‬ ‫اس ًنَلا ُك اَوئ َو ا ُك ُكماااْك َو فُك َوف َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْكفُك ا َوػ ْكع ٍء َو ُك‬ ‫َو‬
‫ؼا‬ ‫اس ْكو َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوح امْكػ ُكه ْكما ُك اَوئ َو َو‬ ‫اآمُكواا ا ها َو ُكر ُكس ها َو َوَلْكايػُك َوفِّل ُكواا ػَو ْك َو ا َو‬ ‫امه ًن ا َوااذي َو َو‬ ‫ا ْك َو ف ي َو ا َو َوذا ًن ُك‬
‫اارِكح ًن اا‬ ‫ُكج َوورُك ْكما ا َو َوك َوفاااَّزهُكا َو ُكف ًنور َو‬
ۗ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫يػُك ْك ه ْكما ُك‬
4:150-152 Those who deny Allah and His apostles, and wish to
discriminate between Allah and His apostles, saying, “We
believe in some and we reject others”, and (those who) wish to
take a middle course, they are in truth the unbelievers, and we
have kept for the unbelievers a humiliating punishment. Those
who believe in Allah and His apostles and make no distinction
between any of the apostles, for them He will give their
rewards. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
‫با ي ِكق وف َّز ِك‬
‫ااال َوَل َوةا َوِمَّز َوارَوزْكػَو ُك ْكمايػُكْك ِكف ُكق َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ااَّز ِكذي َو ايػُك ْك ِكمُك َو‬
‫وفا ِك اْكغَوْك ِك َو ُك ُك َو‬
2:3 Those who believe in the unseen, are steadfast in Prayer
and spend (in charity) out of what We have provided them.
‫اٖمَوِّل َوه ااِكَووْكِك َوه اإِكَّزَلا ُك َووا‬

‫ام ْك َوس َو ا ۖ ا ُك ْك اإِكَّزٔمَو ا ِك ْك ُك َوه ا ِكْك َو َوارِّلِبا ۖ َواَل ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫يَو ْك أَواُكواَو َو ا َو ِك ااا َّز َو ا َويَّز َوف ُك‬
‫اح ِكف ا َوْكػ َوه ا‬ ‫اكأَواَّز َو َو‬ ‫ضا ۚ َواَلا َوأْك ِك ُك ْكماإِكَّزَلا ػَو ْكغَو ًنا ۗ ايَو ْك أَواُكواَو َو َو‬ ‫ۚ اثػَو ُكقَوت ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬
‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫ْك‬
‫وف‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ۖ ا ُك ْك اإِكٔمَو ا ْك ُك َوه ا ْك َو اااَّزها َو اَو َّز ا ْك‬
‫َّز‬
7:187 They ask you about the (Final) Hour - when will it
happen? Say: Verily, its knowledge is with my Lord (alone).
None but He can reveal its time. It will be hard for the skies
and the earth. It will come to you all of a sudden. They ask you
as if you are well informed about it. Say: Certainly, its
knowledge is with Allah (alone); but most people do not know.
‫ضاإِك َوذاا َواْكػُك ْكما‬ ‫اد ْك َووًنة ِكام َو ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ضا ِكأ ْكَوم ِكهِكا ۚ ُك‬
‫اّتَّزاإِك َوذ َو‬
‫ااد َو ُكك ْكم َو‬ ‫وـااا َّز َو ُكا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ُك‬
‫ِك ِكِك‬
‫َوَّتْكُك ُكج َوا‬
‫وف‬
30:25 And among His signs is the existence of the skies and
earth by His command. Then when He calls you by a single
call (on the Day of Resurrection), behold you (all) come out of
the earth!
‫اخ ْك ٍءقااُكعِك ُك هُكا ۚ ا َو ْك ًن اا َو َوْكػَو ا‬ ‫اكطَو ِّل ااا ِّل ِكج ِّلااِكْك ُك ُك ِك‬
‫با ۚ َو‬
‫اك َو ا َو َو ْكاَو ا َوَّز َوؿ َو‬ ‫يػَو ْكوَوـااَوطْك ِكويااا َّز َو َو َو‬
‫اكَّز افَو ِك ِك َوا‬
‫ۚ اإِكاَّز ُك‬
21:104 The Day We roll up the sky like a scroll rolled up for
books! As We originated the first creation, so shall We repeat it
– a promise binding on Us. Truly shall We fulfill it.
‫اخ ِك َو اااَّز ِكذي َو ا‬ ‫َّزه ِكرايػَوَوػ َوع َورفُك َو‬
‫وفا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكما ۚ ا َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اس َو ًنام َو ااا ػ َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اَلْكايػَوْكَوثُكوااإَّزَل َو‬
‫َوف َو‬
‫اكأ ْك‬‫اٗم ُك ُك ُك ْكم َو‬‫َو يػَو ْكوَوـ َوْك‬
‫اام ْكهَو ِكي َوا‬
‫اك اُكو ُك‬ ‫َوك َّزذ ُكواا ِكِك َوق ِك اااَّز ِكها َو َوم َو‬
10:45 The Day He gathers them together! (They will feel on
resurrection that) they had spent hardly an hour of a day. They
will recognize each other. Surely those who denied the meeting
with Allah had lost (everything) and they did not receive
guidance.
‫َوج ٍء ا‬ ‫اخَو َوقاااَّزهُكااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫ام َو‬‫اآتا َواْكػ ُكف ه ْكما ۗ َو‬ ‫َو َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اكث ًناام َو اااَّز ِكسا َوق َوارِّلِب ْكمااَو َو فُك َواف‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ُكم َو ًّ ا ۗ ا َو إ َّزف َو‬
30:8 Do they not think themselves? Allah did not create the
skies and the earth, and all in between except with truth (i.e.,
with purpose) for a fixed term. Yet there are many among
people who deny meeting with their Lord!
‫اّتَّز ِكام ْك ااُكطْك َوف ٍء ُك‬ ‫اب ُك‬‫اخَو ْكقَو ُككم ِكام ا ػُك ٍء‬
‫ِك‬
‫بام َو اااْكَوػ ْكعثافَوِكإاَّز َو‬
‫اكْك م ِكآتاري ٍء ِك‬
‫ساإِك ْكف ُك ُك ْك َو ْك‬ ‫يَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّز ُك‬
‫ام ااَو َو ُكا‬ ‫اُمَوَّز َوق ٍءااِكُك ػ ِّل َو ااَو ُك ما ۚ ا اُكِكقُّ ِكآت ْك ِك‬ ‫اُمَوَّز َوق ٍءا َو َو ْكِك ُك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور َوح ـ َو‬ ‫ْك َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ام ْك‬‫اّتَّزام ْك ُك‬ ‫َو‬
‫اّتَّزااَوْكػُكغُكواا َو ُك َّز ُكك ْكما ۖ ا َو مْك ُك ْكم َو‬
‫ام ْك ايػُكَوػ َوو َّزٰىْتا‬ ‫آمْك ِك ُكج ُك ْكماط ْكف ًنَل ُك‬ ‫اّتَّز ُك‬
‫ام َو ًّ ُك‬ ‫َوج ٍء ُك‬
‫إ َو ٰىَلا َو‬
‫ام ْك ايػُكَو ُّداإِك َو ٰىَلا ْكَورَوذ ِكؿاااْك ُكع ُك ِك ااِك َو ْك َوَلايػَو ْكعَو َوم ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِكا ِ ْل ٍم ا َو ْكئًن ا ۚ ا َو َوػَو ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو مْك ُك ْكم َو‬
‫اِبِك يٍءا‬
‫اك ِّل َوازْك ٍءج َو‬ ‫ت ِكام ْك ُك‬ ‫تا َو َواْكػَوَو ْك‬
‫تا َو َورَو ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ضا َو م َو ةًنافَوِكإذَواا َواْكػَواْكَو ا َو َوْكػ َوه اااْك َو َواا ْك َوػَّز ْك‬ ‫ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬
22:5 O mankind! If you are in doubt about resurrection,
(consider) that We created you from dust, then out of (sperm)
drop, then out of a leech-like clot, then out of a morsel of flesh,
partly developed and partly undeveloped; (that is) to make it
clear to you (Our power). And We retain in the wombs
whatever We wish for a fixed term; then We bring you out
(from the womb) as baby, then (We foster you) to reach your
full development. And some of you die (early in their life) and
some are brought to the feeblest old age so that they know
nothing after having known (much). And you see the earth
parched (and lifeless), but when We pour down rain on it, it
stirs and swells, and it (causes) all kinds of wonderful pairs (of
plants) to germinate (and grow).
‫اح ِكي ًن اا َوْك ا‬ ‫وفاخ ْك ًنق اج ِكي ًن اا ُك ُك ِك‬
‫اكواُكوااح َوج َورةًنا َوْك َو‬ ‫ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ااكَّز ا ظَو ًنم ا َو ُكرفَو ًن ا َوإاَّز ااَو َو ْكػ ُكعوثُك َو َو َو‬
‫َو اُكواا َوإِكذَو ُك ِك‬
‫َو‬
‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
ۚ
‫امَّزةا ا‬ ‫ام ْك ايُكع ُك اَو ا ا ُك ِك اااَّزذيافَوطَوَوُكك ْكما َوَّز َوؿ َو‬
ۖ ‫وف َو‬‫اص ُك ِكرُكك ْكما افَو َو َوػ ُكقواُك َو‬
ۚ ‫َوخ ْك ًنق اِمَّز ايَو ْك ُكػُك ِكآت ُك‬
‫وفا َو ِكيًن اا‬ ‫ام َو ٰىَّتا ُك َووا ۖ ا ُك ْك ا َو َو ٰى ا ْكَوفايَو ُك َو‬ ‫وفاإِكاَوْك َو ُكارُك َوس ُكه ْكما َو يػَو ُكقواُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وف َو‬ ‫ض َو‬
‫فَو َو ُكػْكغ ُك‬
17:49-51 They say: What! After we had become bones and
dust, we will be resurrected as a new creation? Say (O Prophet
Muhammad!): Let you be stone or iron or anything, which in
your memories is the most difficult (to be resurrected), (yet you
will be resurrected)! Then they will ask: Who will return us (to
a new creation)? Say: The One who created you first time.
Then they will nod their heads towards you (mockingly) and
ask: “When will that be? Say: Maybe, it will happen quite
soon!
d) Religious rites, prayers and rules

There are several rites and prayers prescribed by Allah
in the Quran for human beings to follow. These are acts of
worshipping Allah. Allah has also prescribed rules, laws and
punishment for crimes for sustaining peace and justice in the
society. The rules for male and female are different to suit the
biosystem as well as the purpose intended by the Creator. All
these are part and parcel of Allah‟s religion Islam prescribed in
His Scriptures and conveyed through the prophets.
e) Other aspects
Allah also tests us through hardships and good things in
this life.
‫ااال ِك ِكي َوا‬ ‫اااْلَّز َوا اَو َّز ايػعَو ِكماااَّزهاااَّز ِكذي اج ُك ِك‬
‫اامْك ُك ْكما َو يػَو ْكعَو َوم َّز‬ ‫َوـ ِك‬
‫اح ْكُك ْكما ْكَوفا َو ْك ُكخُكو ْكَو َو َو ْك ُك َو َو َو‬
‫ْك َو‬
3:142 Do you think that you will enter the Garden while Allah
has not yet known who among you have striven hard (in the
cause of Allah) and (who are) the patient ones.
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اح ِك ْكُك ْكما ْكَوفا َو ْك ُكخُكو ْك‬
‫اخَو ْكواام ْك ا َوػْك ُك ْكما ۖ َو‬
‫ام َّز ْكػ ُكه ُكماااْكَوأْك َوس ُكا‬ ‫امثَو ُكاااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫اااْلَوَّز َوا َو اَو َّز ايَوأْك ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫ْكَوـ َو‬
‫لَو اااَّز ِكها‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫وؿاااَّزس ُك ِك‬
‫لُك اااَّزها ۗ ا َوَوَلاإِك َّزفااَو ْك‬
‫ام َو ٰىَّتااَو ْك‬
‫اام َوعهُك َو‬ ‫وؿا َوااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫اآمُكو َو‬ ‫ااضَّزا ُكا َو ُكزاْك ِكاُكو َو‬
‫ااح َّز ٰىَّتايػَو ُكق َو ُك‬ ‫َو َّز‬
‫َو ِك ٌا‬
‫يب‬
2:214 Or do you think that you will enter the Garden without
(going through) such (trials) as that came to those before you?
They faced difficulty and adversity and were shaken to such an
extent that even the messenger and the believers with him
cried, “When (will) Allah‟s help (come)?” Ah! Know Allah‟s
help is certainly near!
‫ۖا‬ ‫وفا َو اَو َوق ْك افَوػَوػَّز اااَّز ِكذي َو ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ِك ِكه ْكما‬
‫ااآمَّز ا َو ُك ْكم َواَلايػُك ْكفَوػُك َو‬
‫سا ْكَوفايػُكْكػَوُككواا ْكَوفايػَو ُكقواُكو َو‬ ‫باااَّز ُك‬ ‫َوح َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫وفااا َّز ِّلئَو تا ْكَوفا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫باااذي َو ايػَو ْكع َو ُك َو‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫َّز‬
‫اح َو‬ ‫اص َو ُكواا َو اَوَوػ ْكعَو َو َّز اااْك َو ذ َو ا ْكَوـ َو‬ ‫فَوػَوَوػ ْكعَو َو َّز ااا هُكاااذي َو َو‬
‫تا ۚ ا َو ُك َووااا َّز ِك ُكعا‬ ‫اك َوفايػ جوااِكَوق اااَّز ِكهافَوِكإ َّزفا َوج اااَّز ِكه َواْل ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫ام ْك َو َوْك ُك َو‬ ‫وف َو‬ ‫اٗم ُك ُك َو‬‫ام َوْك‬ ‫اس َو َو‬ ‫يَو ْك ُكقواَو ا ۚ َو‬
‫اٖمَو ِك ُك ااِكَوػ ْكف ِك ِكها ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوااَوغَوِك ا َو ِك اااْك َوع اَو ِك َو اا‬ ‫اج َو َو افَوِكإَّزٔمَو ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْك َوع ُكما َو َوم ْك َو‬
29:2-6 Do people think they will be left alone because they say
“we believe”, and that they will not be tested? We did test
those before them. Thus Allah will certainly know who told the
truth and He will also know who are liars. Do the evildoers
think that they will outwit Us? What they judge is bad!
Whoever hopes for the meeting with Allah, indeed that time
decreed by Allah will come. And He hears and knows (all
things). And whoever strives, he strives only for his own soul.
Verily, Allah is not dependent on people of the world.
‫سا ااثَّز ِك‬
‫اتا ۗ ا َو َو ِّل ِك ا‬ ‫ص ِكام ْك ِك‬ ‫ااْلو ِك‬ ‫ِك ٍء ِك‬
‫ااْل ْكَوم َوواؿا َو ْكاْلَواْكػ ُكف ِك َو َو َو‬ ‫وعا َو اػَو ْكق ٍء َو‬
‫اْلُك ِك‬
‫ؼا َو ْك‬ ‫َو اَوَوْكػُك َوواَّز ُك ْكما َو ْك ام َو ْكَوْك‬
‫اال ِك ِكي َوا‬‫َّز‬
2:155 Be sure we shall test you with something of fear and
hunger, some loss in wealth, lives and fruits, but give glad
tidings to those who patiently persevere.
‫ب ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ِك ُك ْكما َو ِكم َو اااَّز ِكذي َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اَوُكْكػَو ُكو َّزف ِكآتا ْكَوم َوواا ُك ْكما َو َواْكػ ُكف ُك ْكما َو اَوَو ْك َو ُكع َّز ام َو اااَّزذي َو ا ُك ُكوااااْك َو َو‬
‫َّزقواافَوِكإ َّزفا ٰىَوذاِك َو ِكام ْك ا َو ْكِكـ ْك‬
‫ااْل ُكُكم ِكا‬
‫ور‬ ‫لِك ُكِب اا َو َوػ ػ ُك‬ ‫َو ْك ُككواا َو ًنذ َو ِك‬
‫اكث ًناا ۚ ا َو إِك ْكفا َو ْك‬ ‫َو‬
3:186 You will certainly be tried and tested in your
possessions and in your personal selves (i.e., physically). And
you will certainly hear so much disturbing things from those
who received the Book before you and from those who
associate partners with Allah. But if you remain patient and
fear Allah, then verily it is a matter great (mental) resolve.
‫اآمُكواااَوَوْكػُك َوواَّز ُك ُكماااَّزهُكا ِك َو ْك ٍء ِكام َو َّز‬

‫ااالْك ِكا َوػَو اُكهُكا َويْك ِكي ُك ْكما َو ِكرَوم ُكح ُك ْكمااِكَوػ ْكعَو َوماااَّزهُكا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ابا َواِك ٌام‬ ‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫با ۚ افَو َو ِك اا ْك َو َو ٰى ا ػَو ْكع َو ا ٰىَوذا َو افَوػَوهُكا َو َوذ‬ ‫ا٘مَو فُكهُكا ِك اْكغَوْك ِك‬
5:94 O believers! Allah will indeed test you in the matter of
game (i.e., hunted animal) caught by your hands and your
spears, to know who fears Him unseen. Whoever transgresses

thereafter will have a grievous penalty.
‫ل َوَل َو ا‬
‫َّزمايَو ْك‬
‫اج َوع ْكَو ااَوهُك َو‬ ‫ام ااَو َو ُكااِك َو ْك ااُكِكي ُك ُك‬
‫اك َوفايُكِكي ُك اااْك َوع جَو َوا َو َّزج ْكَو ااَوهُكاف َوه َو‬
‫ام ْك ُكح ًنورا‬ ‫وم َو‬
‫َوم ْكذ ُكم ًن‬
17:18 Whoever wishes for the transient things (of this life),
We readily grant them what We like in such things to whom
We like. Thereafter We will give him Hell. He will burn
therein disgraced and repelled.
‫ِك‬
‫اْس ع ا ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ل ًنا‬ ‫ابااا ُّ اْكػَو ا َو ْكاْلخَوةِكا ۚ ا َو َوك َوفاااَّزهُك َو ًن َو‬
‫ابااا ُّ اْكػَو افَوعْك َو اااَّزهاثػَو َوو ُك‬
‫اك َوفايُكِكي ُك اثػَو َوو َو‬
4:134 Whoever desires the reward of this world, (let him
know that) with Allah is the reward of this world and the
Hereafter. Allah hears and sees (all things).
‫با َوااْك ِكف َّز‬
‫ض ِكا‬ ‫ات ِكام اااِّل ِك ا ااْكَوِك َو ا ااْك َوقَو ِكط ِك اااْك َوقْكطَو ةِك ِكام َّز‬
‫اااذ َو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ُكزيِّل َو اا َّز ِكس ُك‬
‫ُك َو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َّزه َوو َو َو َو‬ ‫بااا َو‬ ُّ ‫اح‬
‫اح ْك ُك اااْك َو ِكا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ثا ۗ ا ٰىذَواِك ام ع ْك ِك‬ ‫اْل ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫آب‬ ‫ااْلَوَو ةااا ُّ اْكػَو ا ۖ ا َوااَّزهُكا ْك َو هُك ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو ُك‬ ‫اْلَوْك ِك اااْك ُك َو َّزوَوم ا َو ْكاْلَواْكػ َوع ـا َو ْكَوْك‬
‫َو ْك‬
3:14 Love for coveted things (like) women, children,
heaped-up hoards of gold and silver, bred horses, cattle and
crops are made alluring to mankind. These are pleasures of the
life of (this) world. And with Allah is the excellent destination
(for mankind).
‫َوجٌ ا َو ِكظ ٌما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوا ْك َو ُك واا َوَّزٔمَو ا ْكَوم َووااُك ُك ْكما َو َوْكَوَل ُكد ُكك ْكمافِكْكػَو ٌا َو َّز‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَوا ْك َو هُكا ْك‬
8:28 And know that your wealth and your children are a trial
and it is with Allah the highest reward is.
‫ااْل ِكخَوةِكا‬ ‫طاااِّل ْكز َوؽااِك َو ْك ايَو َو ُكا َو يػَو ْكق ِك ُكرا ۚ ا َو فَو ِك ُكحواا ِك ْكْلَوَو ةِكااا ُّ اْكػَو ا َو َوم ْك‬
‫ااْلَوَو ةُكااا ُّ اْكػَو ِكآت ْك‬ ‫ااَّزهُكايػَوْك ُك ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫امَو ٌا‬
‫ع‬ ‫إَّزَل َو‬
13:26 Allah enhances sustenance to whom He wishes and
restricts (the sustenance to whom He wishes). They rejoice in
the life of this world. The life of this world is nothing but a
(small) comfort compared to the Hereafter.
‫َوفاااَّزهَو َواَلايػَو ْكه ِكياااْك َوق ْكوَوـاااْك َو فِك ِكي َو ا ُك ٰىاَوئِك َو ا‬

‫ااْل ِكخَوةِكا َو َّز‬
‫اااْلَوَو َوةااا ُّ اْكػَو ا َو َو ْك‬‫ااسَو َوحُّو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ٰىَوذا َو ا ِكأَوا ُكػَّزه ُكم ْك‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫ل ِكرِك ْكما ۖ ا َو ُك ٰىاَوئِك َو ا ُك ُكماااْكغَو فِكُك َو‬ ‫ِكِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااَّزذي َو اطَوَو َوعاااَّزهُكا َو َو ٰى ا ُكػُكوِب ْكما َو َوْسْكع ِكه ْكما َو َوْك َو‬
16:107-108 That is because they love the life of this world
more than the Hereafter and that Allah will not guide the
disbelieving people. They are the ones whose minds, hearing
and vision Allah has sealed up and they are the ones (who are)
the unmindful.
‫ازي ًن َو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوح َو ُك ا َو َو ًنَلا‬
‫اَلَو ااَوْكػُك َووُك ْكما َويػُّ ُكه ْكما ْك‬ ‫ض ِك َو‬
‫ام ا َو َو ْك‬ ‫إاَّز َو‬
‫اج َوع ْكَو َو‬
18:7 Indeed We have made all that is on earth a decoration
for it in order to test them (as to) who among them are best in
deed.
‫َوجٌ ا َو ِكظ ٌما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫إِكَّزٔمَو ا ْكَوم َووااُك ُك ْكما َو َوْكَوَل ُكد ُكك ْكمافْكػَو ٌا ۚ ا َوااَّزهُكا ْك َو هُكا ْك‬
64:15 Certainly, your wealth and your children are but a trial.
And with Allah is the great reward.
‫اخْكػٌ ا ِكْك َو َوارِّل َو اثػَو َووا ًن ا َو َوخْكػٌ ا َوَوم ًنَلا‬ ‫ااْل ةِكااا ُّ اْكػ ا ۖ ا ااْك ِك ت َّز ِك‬ ‫وف ِك‬
‫ت َو‬
‫ااال ْلَو ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو َو ُك‬ ‫ازيَو ُك ْكَوَو‬ ‫ااْك َو ُكؿا َوااْكَوػُك َو‬
18:46 Wealth and children are adornment of the life of this
world. But the good (deeds) that last are better for reward with
your Lord and better to hope for.
‫اص ِكْلًن افَوأُك ٰىاَوئِك َو َو‬

‫اَلُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اآم َو ا َو َو َو َو‬
‫َو َوم ا ْكَوم َووااُك ُك ْكما َوَوَلا َوْكَوَل ُكد ُكك ْكما اَّزِكِتا ُكػ َوقِّلُك ُك ْكما ْك َو اَو ُكازاْك َوف ٰى اإَّزَل َو‬
‫اآمُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ت ِك‬ ‫اااضع ِك ِكاِبَو ا ِك ُكواا م ِكآتاااْكغُك فَو ِك‬
‫ُك‬ ‫َو َو ُك ْك‬ ‫َوجَوا ُك ِّل ْك‬
34:37 Your wealth and your children do not bring you nearer
to Us except those who believe and do good. They are the ones
for whom there is double the reward for their deeds and they
will be in the secure high places.
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫م ا ُك ِك م ِكام ا ٍء افَو ع ْك ِك‬
‫ااْلَوَو ةااا ُّ اْكػَو ا َو ِكزيَوُكػ َوه ا ۚ ا َو َوم ا ْك َو اااَّزه َو‬
‫اخْكػٌ ا َو َوْكػ َوق ٰى ا ۚ ا َوفَو َوَلا‬ ‫َو َو ُك ْك ْك َو ْك َو َو ُك‬
‫وف‬
28:60 Whatever things you are given are provisions of this
life and its adornment; but what is with Allah (i.e., in the
Hereafter) is better and everlasting. Still do you not realize?
‫افا ۚ ااَو ْكو َو‬

‫اك اُكواا‬ ‫اَلِك َو ْك‬
‫ااْلَوَوػ َوو ُك‬ ‫ااْل ِكخَوَوة َو‬
‫َّزار ْك‬ ‫اَلْكوا اَوعِك ۚ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َو َوم ا ٰىَو ِكذهِك ْك‬
ٌ ‫ااْلَوَو ةُكااا ُّ اْكػَو اإَّزَل َو ٌ َو‬
‫با ا َو إ َّزفااا َو‬
‫يػَو ْكعَو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
29:64 The life of this world is nothing but amusement and
play (to the rejecters). Verily the Home of the Hereafter (i.e.,
Heaven) is the real life, if only they knew!
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫فَوأ َّزَوم ْكِك‬
‫َوكَو َوم ِك ا َو َّزَوم اإذَو َو‬
‫اام اا ْكػَو َوَلهُكافَوػ َوق َو َورا‬ ‫وؿ َوارِّلِبا ْك‬
‫َوكَو َومهُكا َو اػَوعَّز َو هُكافَوػَوػ ُكق ُك‬
‫اام اا ْكػَو َوَلهُك َوارُّهُكافَوأ ْك‬
‫ااْلاْك َو ُكفاإذَو َو‬
‫وؿ َوارِّلِبا َو َو اَو ِك اا‬ ‫َو َوْك ِكه ِك‬
‫ارْكزَوهُكافَوػَوػ ُكق ُك‬
89:15-16 As for man, when his Lord tests him with honours
and bounty, then he will say, “My Lord has honoured me”. But
when He tests him by restricting his sustenance, then he will
say, “My Lord has humiliated me”.
‫اباااَّز ِكها َو اَوئِك ْك ا‬
‫اكع َوذ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫وؿ ِك َّز ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ي ِكآتاااَّزه َو‬
‫اج َوع َوافْكػَو َواااَّز ِكس َو َو‬ ‫اآمَّز ا ا هافَوإذَواا ُك ذ َو‬ ‫ام ْك ايػَو ُكق ُك َو‬ ‫َو م َو اااَّز ِكس َو‬
‫اص ُك ِكراااْك َوع اَو ِك َو ا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ساااَّزهُكا أَو ْك َو َوماِبَو ِكآت ُك‬ ۚ
‫ام َوع ُك ْكما ا َوَو اَوْك َو‬ ‫اكَّز َو‬‫لٌ ِكام ْك َوارِّل َو ااَوَوػ ُكقواُك َّز اإِكاَّز ُك‬
‫َوج َوااَو ْك‬
‫اآمُكواا َو اَوَوػ ْكعَو َو َّز اااْك ُك َو فِك ِكق َو اا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو اَوَوػ ْكعَو َو َّز اااَّزهُكاااَّزذي َو َو‬
29:10-11 There are, among people, those who say, “We believe
in Allah”; but if they happen to suffer in (the cause of) Allah,
they will take the persecution by the people for Allah‟s
punishment. And if help comes from your Lord, they are sure
to say, “We have been with you”. Is not Allah who knows best
what is (stored) in the memories of people of the world? And
Allah certainly knows those who believed and He certainly
knows the hypocrites.
‫َوخَو َورُكك ْكما‬ ‫اح َّز ٰىَّتااػَو ْكعَو َوماااْك ُك َوج ِك ِكي َو ِكامْك ُك ْكما َو َّز‬
‫اال ِك ِكي َو ا َو اػَوْكػُك َووا ْك‬ ‫َو اَوَوْكػُك َوواَّز ُك ْكم َو‬
47:31 And We will test you until We know who among you
strive hard (in the cause of Allah) and are patient. And We will
test your record.
‫وفااَوهُكا َو ِكَو ُكااا ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َّزارا‬ ‫ام ْك ا َو ُك ُك‬
‫وف َو‬ ‫ام َو اَوِك ُك ْكماإِك ِّلِّنا َو ِكم ٌا ۖ افَو َو ْكو َو‬
‫ؼا َوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬ ‫ُك ْك ايَو ا َوػ ْكوـاا ْك َو ُكواا َو َو ٰى َو‬
‫ۗ اإِكاَّزهُك َواَلايػُك ْكفِك ُكحاااظَّز اِك ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
6:135 (O Prophet Muhammad) say: “O people! Do according

to your way. I too am doing (according to my way). You will
know afterwards who will have the Ultimate Home (i.e.,
Heaven). Verily, the wrongdoers will not succeed.”
‫ض ْكَو ا‬
‫اكْك َو افَو َّز‬
‫اُمظُك ًنورااااْكظُكْك َو‬
‫اك َوفا َوطَو ُك َوارِّل َو َوْك‬ ‫ُكك ًَّل ُكأمِك ُّا ٰىَو ُكَوَل ِك ا َو ٰىَو ُكَوَل ِك ِكام ْك ا َوطَو ِك َوارِّل َو ا ۚ ا َو َوم َو‬
‫ض ًنَلاا‬‫َوك ػ ا َوػ ْكف ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ضا ۚ ا َو اَو ْك ِكخَوةُكا ْك‬ ‫ض ُكه ْكما َو َو ٰى ا ػَو ْكع ٍء‬
‫اد َور َوج تا َو ْك َو ُك‬
‫َوكَوػُك َو‬ ‫ػَو ْكع َو‬
17:20-21 We help all – these as well as those (people) – from
the bounties of your Lord. The bounties of your Lord are not
closed (to anyone). See how We have favoured some over
others. But the Hereafter is greater in status and greater in
preference.
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫فَو ا ُك ِك م ِكام ا ٍء افَو ع ْك ِك‬
‫اخْكػٌ ا َو َوْكػ َوق ٰى ااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫اآمُكواا َو َو َو ٰى ا‬ ‫ااْلَوَو ةااا ُّ اْكػَو ا ۖ ا َو َوم ا ْك َو اااَّزه َو‬ ‫َو ُك ْك ْك َو ْك َو َو ُك‬
‫َورِّلِبِك ْكمايػَوَوػ َووَّزكُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
42:36 What you are given is (only) the provision for the life
of this world. And what is (kept) with Allah is better and
everlasting for those who believe and put their trust in their
Lord.
‫اّتَّزايعِك هااِك ج ِك ِك‬ ‫اح ًّق ا ۚ اإِكاَّزهُكايػَوْك َو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫إِكاَو ِكهام ِكجع ُك م َوِك‬
‫ياااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫اآمُكواا‬ ‫ُكااْلَوْك َوق ُك ُك ُك ُك َو ْك َو‬ ‫اَج ًنع ا ۖ ا َو ْك َو اااَّزه َو‬ ‫ْك َو ْك ُك ْك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َو َو ِك ُكو َّز‬
‫اك اُكواا‬ ٌ ‫ابام ْك ا َو ٍءما َو َو َوذ‬
‫ابا َوا ٌماِبَو َو‬ ٌ ‫ااَلُك ْكما َو َو‬
‫اك َوفُك َو‬ ۚ
‫اااال ْلَو تا اْكق ْك طا ا َوااذي َو َو‬
‫ْكفُك َواف‬
‫يَو ُك‬
10:4 To Him is the return of all of you. The promise of Allah
is truth. It is He who begins the creation and repeats it to
reward with justice those who believe and do good deeds; but
those who reject Him will have boiling drinks and a grievous
penalty because they rejected Him.
‫ااْلَوَو ةُكااا ُّ اْكػَو ا ۖ ا َوَوَلايػَوغُكَّزاَّز ُك ْكما ِك اَّز ِكهاااْكغَوُك ُكرا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ي ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّز ِك‬
‫ساإ َّزفا َو ْك َو اااَّزه َو‬
‫احقا ۖ افَو َوَلا َوػغُكَّزاَّز ُك ُكم ْك‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َو‬
35:5 O mankind! Certainly the promise of Allah is true.
Therefore let not the life of this world deceive you and let not
the chief deceiver (i.e., the Satan) deceive you about Allah.
Mission of the prophets

To convey His messages to human robots undergoing
the test, Allah designed the most effective means of
communication with them by choosing representatives from
among themselves and appointing them as His messengers or
prophets to convey His message. Allah had not sent a prophet
to any people who spoke a different language.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َو ِك‬
‫اَلُك ْكما‬ ‫سا َو َو ِّل ِك اااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫اآمُكواا َّز‬
‫َوف َو‬ ‫َوك َوفاا َّز ِكسا َو َوجًن ا ْكَوفا َوْك َوحْكػَو اإ َو ٰىَل َوار ُكج ٍء امْكػ ُكه ْكما ْكَوفا َواْكذراااَّز َو‬
‫امِك ٌا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ٍء ِك ِك‬
‫َو َو َوـاص ْك ؽا ْك َو َوارِّلِب ْكما ۗ ا َو َوؿاااْك َو فُك َوفاإ َّزفا ٰىَو َوذاااَو َو حٌ ُك‬
10:2 Is it a surprise to people that We conveyed (the
message) to a person from among themselves to warn people
and to give good news to the believers that they have lofty rank
of truth with their Lord? (But) the unbelievers said: “This
(man, Prophet Muhammad) is indeed an evident magician!”
‫وح اإِكاَوْك ِكهم ِكام ْك ا َو ْك ِك اااْك ُكق ٰى ا ۗ ا َوفَوػَومايَو ِك ِك‬ ‫ارج ًنَلااُك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ضا‬ ‫اآت ْك‬ ‫ْك ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َو َوم ا ْكَور َوس ْكَو ام ْك ا َوػْك َو اإَّزَل ِك َو‬
‫اخْكػٌ ااِكَّز ِكذي َو اا ػ َوَّزق ْكواا ۗ ا َوفَو َوَلا‬ ‫اك َوفا ِك ُكاااَّز ِكذي ِكام ا َوػ ِك ِكهما ۗ ا اَو َو ار ْك ِك‬
‫ااْلخَوةِك َو‬ ‫َو ْك ْك ْك َو ُك‬ ‫ااكْك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫فَوػَوػْكظُكُك َو‬
‫وف‬
12:109 We had not sent before you (Prophet Muhammad)
anyone (as apostle) except men from among the people of the
country (concerned) conveying Our message. Had they not
travelled through the earth and seen what was the end of those
before them? The home of the Hereafter is best for the
righteous. Will you not then understand?
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫وؿاإِكَّزَلا ِكِك َو ِكفا َوػ ْكوِكم ِكهااِكُكَوػ ِّل َو َو‬
‫م ا َورس ْكَو ِكام ارس ٍء‬
‫يام ْك ا‬ ‫اَلُك ْكما ۖ افَوػُكض ُّاااَّزهُك َو‬
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا َو يػَو ْكه َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو ْك َو ُك‬
‫يَو َو ُكا ۚ ا َو ُك َوواااْك َوع ِكيُك ْك‬
14:4 We had not sent any apostle except in the language of
his people to explain (the message) to them. Then Allah
misguides whom He pleases and guides whom He pleases. And
He is Mighty, Wise.
‫‪Human history thus saw the advent of a string of‬‬

‫‪prophets ending with Prophet Muhammad. The exact number‬‬
‫‪of prophets sent by Allah is not mentioned in the Quran. They‬‬
‫‪all preached Allah‟s religion Islam.‬‬
‫ام ْك ا َو َو اااَّزهُكا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اك ِّلا َّزُكم ٍءارس ًنوَلا ِكَوفاا ُك ااااَّزها ِك‬ ‫َو اَو َوق ْك ا ػَو َوعثْكػَو ِكآت ُك‬
‫اجَو ُكوااااطَّز ُك َو‬
‫وتا ۖ افَو ْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك‬ ‫ْك ُك‬ ‫َو ُك‬
‫اك َوفا َو ِكَو ُكاااْك ُك َو ِّلذ ِك َوا‬ ‫ااكْك َو َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ضافَو اْكظُكُك َو‬ ‫َّزَلاَو ُكا ۚ افَو ِك ِك‬
‫اآت ْك‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َّزتا َو َوْك ِكهاااض َو‬
‫احق ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو مْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬
‫‪16:36 We had certainly appointed an apostle to every people‬‬
‫‪(with the message), “You serve Allah and give up tagut (i.e., a‬‬
‫‪false god people worshipped)”. There are some among them‬‬
‫‪whom Allah guided and some who were left astray. So travel‬‬
‫)‪through the earth and see how the end of the rejecters (of Faith‬‬
‫‪is.‬‬
‫ااْلَوَّزاِك َوا‬
‫َو ِكآتا ِك َو ِكع ْك‬ ‫اَو َوق ْك ا َورس ْك ِكام ا َوػ ِك‬
‫َو ْك َو َو ْك ْك‬
‫)‪15:10 We had sent apostles to earlier groups (of people‬‬
‫‪before you (Prophet Muhammad).‬‬
‫ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ااآمَّز ا اَّزها َو َوم ا ُكاْك ِكَوؿاإاَوْكػَو ا َو َوم ا ُكاْك ِكَوؿاإ َو ٰىَلاإ ْكػَوا َوما َو إ ْكْسَو َوا َو إ ْكس َوح َوؽا َو يػَو ْكع ُكق َو‬
‫وبا‬ ‫ُكواُكو َو‬
‫َوح ٍء ِكامْكػ ُكه ْكما‬ ‫ْكاْلَوس ِكطا م ا ُك ِكِتاموس ا ِك ا م ا ُك ِكِتاااَّزِكُّ َو ِك ِك‬
‫وفام ْك َوارِّلِب ْكم َواَلااػُك َوفِّل ُكؽا ػَو ْك َو ا َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو َو َو َو ُك َو ٰى َو َو ٰى َو َو َو‬
‫ام ْك ِك ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫َو َوْكْم ُك ااَوهُك ُك‬
‫‪2:136 You say: We believe in Allah and (in) the revelation‬‬
‫‪sent down to us and (in) the revelation sent down to Abraham,‬‬
‫‪Ismail, Isaac, Jacob, and to the descendants of Jacob, and that‬‬
‫‪given to Moses and Jesus, and that given to (all) prophets from‬‬
‫‪their Lord. We make no distinction between them. And we‬‬
‫‪submit to Him (in Islam).‬‬
‫تااا َّز ِك ُكعاااْك َوعِك ُكما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو إِك ْكذايػَوْكفَو ُكعاإِك ْكػَوا ُكماااْك َوق َووا َو ام َو اااْكَوػْكتا َو إِك ْكْسَو ُك َوارػَّزَو ا َوػ َوقَّز ْك امَّز ا ۖ اإِكاَّز َو ا َواْك َو‬
‫با َو َوْكػَو ا ۖ اإِكاَّز َو ا‬ ‫رػَّزَو ا اجع ْكَو ام ِك ِك ااَو َو ا ِكم اذُكِّلريَّزِكَو ا َّزُكم ًنام ِك ًنااَو َو ا ِكَوراَو ِك‬
‫امَو س َو َو ا َو ُك ْك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫ُك ْك َو‬ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو ُك ْك َو ْك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اباااَّز ِكح ُكم َوارػَّزَو ا َوا ْكػ َوع ْك‬
‫با‬ ‫ثاف ِكه ْكم َوار ُكس ًنوَلامْكػ ُكه ْكمايػَوْكػُكوا َو َوْك ِكه ْكماآيَو َو ا َو يػُك َوعِّل ُك ُكه ُكماااْك َو َو‬ ‫تااا ػ َّزَّزو ُك‬
‫َواْك َو‬
‫اس ِكفهَوا‬
‫ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫با َو ْك امَّز اإ ْكػَوا َوماإَّزَل َو‬
‫اْلِك ْك َوا يػَوِّلك ِكهما ۚ اإِكاَّز َو ا َواْكتاااْكع ِكي ْك ِك‬
‫ااْلَو ُكما َو َوم ْك ايػَوْك َو ُك‬ ‫َو َو ُك‬ ‫َو ْك َو َو ُك ْك‬
‫َوسِك ْكما‬ ‫ااْل ِكخ ةِكااَو ِك َّز ِكِك‬
‫ااال ْل َو اإِك ْكذا َو َوؿااَوهُك َوارُّهُكا ْك‬ ‫ۖ ِك ِك‬
‫ااصطَوَوفْكػَو هُكآتااا ُّ اْكػَو ا ا َو إاَّزهُكآت ْك َو َو‬
‫اػَو ْكف َو هُكا ۚ ا َو اَو َوق ْك‬
‫باااْكع اَو ِك ا َّز ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ۖ ا َو َوؿا َوسَو ِك‬

‫وبايَو ا َوِك َّزاإِك َّزفاااَّزهَو ْك‬
‫ااصطَوَوف ٰى ا‬ ‫ص ٰى اِبَو اإ ْكػَوا ُكما َو ها َو يػَو ْكع ُكق ُك‬ ‫تااَو ِّل َو َو َو َو‬ ‫ْك ْك ُك‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫ام ْك ِك ُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اَو ُك ُكمااا ِّلي َو افَو َوَل َواَتُكوُك َّز اإَّزَلا َو َواْكػُك ْكم ُك‬
2:127-132 And remember Abraham and Ismail raised the
foundations of the House (Masjidul Haram). (They prayed:)
Our Lord! Accept (this service) from us. Verily You are the
All-Hearing, the All-knowing. Our Lord! Make us Muslims
and a Muslim community from our progenies. And show us
our religious rites and accept our repentance. Verily You are
Oft-Returning, Most Merciful. Our Lord! Appoint for them
(i.e., for our progenies) a messenger from among themselves
who shall recite to them Your revelations and teach them the
Book and wisdom, and sanctify them. Indeed You are the
Mighty, the Wise. And who will turn away from the religion of
Abraham except the one who fools himself? We (i.e., Allah)
chose and rendered him pure in this world and he will be in the
ranks of the righteous in the Hereafter. Behold! His Lord said
to him: Submit (yourself) to Me. He (i.e., Abraham) said: I
submit (myself) to the Lord of the worlds. And Abraham and
Jacob advised their children about it thus: O my children! Allah
has chosen the religion (Islam) for you; then you should not die
except as Muslims.
‫وؿاااَّز ِكها َو َوخ َوُتَواااَّزِكِّل َو ا َو َوك َوفاااَّزهُكا ِك ُك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا‬

‫ام ِّلار َوج اِك ُك ْكما َو اَو ِك َّزار ُكس َو‬
‫َوح ٍء ِّل‬
‫اُمَو َّز ٌ ا َوَو ا َو‬
‫اك َوف ُك‬
‫َّزم َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو ًن‬
33:40 Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he
is) the messenger of Allah, and the seal (last) of the prophets;
and Allah has full knowledge of all things.
‫صا َو َوْك َو ا ۗ ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ل ْك‬ ‫اَلْكااػَو ْكق ُك‬
‫ام ْك َو‬ ‫لَو ا َو َوْك َو ا َو مْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬
‫ل ْك‬
‫ام ْك ا َو َو‬
‫َو اَو َوق ْك ا ْكَور َوس ْكَو ُكار ُكس ًنَلام ْك ا َوػْك َو امْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬
‫ض َو ا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا َو َوخ ِك َو ا‬ ‫وؿا ْكَوفايأْكِكِتا ِكآي ٍءاإِكَّزَلا ِكِكإ ْكذ ِكفاااَّز ِكها ۚ افَوِكإ َوذااج ا َوم اااَّز ِكها ُك ِك‬ ‫اك َوفااِك س ٍء‬
‫َو َو ْك ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو‬ ‫َو َوم َو َو ُك‬
‫ُك َو اِك َو اااْك ُك ْك ِكطُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
40:78 We had sent apostles before you (Prophet Muhammad).
Of them there are some We have mentioned to you and some
We have not mentioned to you. It is not possible for an apostle

to bring a sign without Allah‟s permission. And when Allah‟s
order comes, the judgement will be passed with justice and the
followers of falsehood will lose there.
The people of each prophet formed a nation. Each
prophet was given a Book (Scripture) containing the religious
matters prescribed for his people. That formed Allah‟s
guidance – the religion Islam – for the people of that time.
‫با ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوك َوفاااَّز سا َّزُكم ًنا ِك‬
‫امَو ِّل ِكي َو ا َو ُكمْكذ ِكري َو ا َو َواْكػَو َوؿ َو‬
‫ام َوع ُكه ُكماااْك َو َو‬ ‫ثاااَّزهُكاااَّز ِّل َو ُك‬
‫اح َو ًنةافَوػَوػ َوع َو‬ ‫ُك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ا‬ ‫ااخَوػَو َو اف هاإَّزَلاااَّزذي َو ا ُك ُكوهُكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع َو‬ ‫ااخَوػَو ُكفوااف ها ۚ ا َو َوم ْك‬ ‫اَو ْكح ُك َوما ػَو ْك َو اااَّز ِكساف َو ْك‬
‫ااخَوػَو ُكفواافِك ِكه ِكام َو ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ِّلقا ِكِكإ ْكذاِكِكها‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اآمُكوااا َو ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫تا ػَو ْكغًن ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكما ۖ افَوػ َوه َو اااَّزهُكاااَّزذي َو َو‬ ‫َوج َوْكػ ُكه ُكماااْكَوػِّلػَو ُك‬
‫ام ْك َو ِكق ٍءام‬ ‫ِك ِك ٍء‬
‫يام ْك ايَو َو ُكاإ َو ٰىَلاصَواط ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ۗ ا َوااَّزهُكايػَو ْكه َو‬
2:213 Mankind was a single community. Then Allah sent
prophets as conveyors of good news and warnings and He also
sent with them the Book in truth to judge between people in
matters wherein they differed. But only those who received the
Book differed in it after the clear signs had come to them
because of mutual hatred. Thus Allah by His mercy guided the
believers to the truth in which they differed. And Allah guides
whom He likes to the straight path.
‫اِبِك َو ِك ْك‬ ‫امْك َو ًن ااِكَوذ ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوع ِكـا ۗ افَوِكإ ٰىَوَلُك ُك ْكماإِكٰىاَوهٌا‬ ‫ام َوارَوزَوػ ُكه ْكم ِكام ْك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اااس َوماااَّزها َو َو ٰى َو‬‫ْككُك ْك‬ ‫اج َوع ْكَو َو‬
‫ٍء‬
‫َو ا ُك ِّلا َّزُكم َو‬
‫اال ِك ِكي َو ا َو َو ٰى ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫اح ٌ افَوػَوها ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫تا ُكػُكوػُك ُكه ْكما َو َّز‬ ‫َوس ُك واا ۗ ا َو َو ِّل ِك اااْك ُك ْكخِك َو اااَّزذي َو اإِك َوذااذُككَو اااَّزهُكا َوجَو ْك‬ ‫ُك ْك‬ ‫َو‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااال َوَلةا َوِم َوارَوزْكػَو ُك ْكمايػُكْكف ُكق َو‬
‫َّز‬ ‫َوص ػَو ُكه ْكما َوااْك ُك ق‬
‫َوم ا َو‬
22:34-35 To every people We have prescribed rites to
pronounce the name of Allah over the sustenance He gave
them from animals. Your God is One God and so submit to
Him (in Islam) and proclaim the good news to the humble
(people) whose minds will tremble (with fear) when they are
reminded of Allah, who tolerate their afflictions, keep up the
Prayer, and spend (in charity) from what We have provided
them.
‫عاإِك َو ٰىَل َوارِّل َو ا ۖ اإِكاَّز َو ا‬ ‫امْك َو ًن ا ُك ْكمااَو ِكس ُك وهُكا ۖ افَو َوَلايػُكَو ِكز ُكَّز َو ِكآت ْك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااْل ْكَوم ِك ا ۚ ا َو ْكاد ُك‬ ‫اج َوع ْكَو َو‬
‫ا ُك ِّلا َّزُكم َو‬
‫ام ْك َو ِكق ٍءام‬
‫اَو َوعَو ٰى ا ُك ًن ُك‬
22:67 To every people We have prescribed rites, which they
follow. Let them not then dispute with you (Prophet
Muhammad) in that matter. And you invite (people) to your
Lord. Certainly you are on the right guidance.
There is only one Book given to a prophet (Q. 13:38-

39, 15:4). That Book contained the religion Islam prescribed
for his people. Thus the people of a prophet should follow the
directives given in the Book sent to their prophet. Allah
informs that He tests the people of a prophet in what is given to
them (Q. 5:48); i.e., the directions and messages in the Book
given to the prophet formed the basis of Allah‟s test for them.
Thus Allah‟s directives given in the Quran form the religion
Islam for the people of Prophet Muhammad, i.e., people born
to this earth from the time Muhammad became prophet till the
end of the world. The Quran thus forms the basis of divine test
to us.
‫اك َوفااِك س ٍء‬

‫وؿا َوفايَوأْكِكِتَوا ِكآيَوٍءا‬ ‫ام ا َوػْك ِك َو ا َو َوج َوع ْكَو َو‬
‫اج ا َو ذُكِّلريَّزًنا ۚ ا َو َوم َو َو ُك‬
‫اَلُك ْكما ْكَوزَو ًن‬ ‫َو اَو َوق ْك ا ْكَور َوس ْكَو ُكار ُكس ًنَل ِّل‬
‫تا ۖ ا ِك َو ها ُُّكـاااْك ِكَو ِك‬ ‫َوج ٍء اكِكَو َو‬ ‫ِك ِكِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ب ٌا‬ ‫ام ايَو َو ُكا َو يػُكثْكِك ُك َو ُك‬ ‫مْك ُكحواااَّزهُك َو‬ٙ‫باا‬ ‫إَّزَلا إ ْكذفاااَّزها ۗ اا ُك ِّلا َو‬
13:38-39 We had sent apostles before you and given them
wives and children. It is impossible for an apostle to bring a
revelation without Allah‟s permission. For each period there is
a Book. Allah deletes or retains what He wants. With Him is
the Mother of the Book.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬
‫وـا‬
ٌ ‫ام ْكعُك‬ ٌ ‫َو َوم ا َو ْك َو ْك َو ام ْك ا َوػ ْكيَو اإِكَّزَلا َو َوَلَو اكَو‬
‫ب َو‬
15:4 We had not destroyed any country without giving a
known Book.
‫َواْكػ اْكَو اإِكاَوْك َو اااْك ِكَو با ِك ْكْل ِّلقامل ِّل ًن ااِك ا ػ ْك َو اي َو يْك ِكه ِكام اااْك ِكَو ِك‬
‫با َو ُكم َوهْك ِك ًن ا َو َوْك ِكها ۖ افَو ْكح ُك ْكما‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو َو ُك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫ااْلَو ِّلقا ۚ اا ُك ٍّ َو‬
‫اج َوع ْكَو امْك ُك ْكما‬ ‫اج َو َوؾام َو ْك‬ ‫ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكماِبَو ا َواْكػَو َوؿاااَّزهُكا ۖ ا َوَوَلا َوػَّز ْكعا َو ْك َووا َو ُك ْكما َو َّز َو‬
‫ِك ٰى ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ْك َو ًنا َو ِكمْكػ َوه ًنج ا ۚ ا َو اَو ْكوا َو َواااَّزهُك َو‬
‫ام اآ َو ُكك ْكما ۖ ا‬‫اْلَو َوعَو ُك ْكما َّزُكم ًنا َواح َو ًنةا َو اَو ْك ااَوْكػُك َووُكك ْكم ِكآت َو‬
‫اَّتْكَوِك ُكف َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫اكْكُك ْكمافِك ِكه َو‬ ‫اتا ۚ اإِك َوَلاااَّز ِكهام ِكجع ُك م َوِك‬
‫اَج ًنع افَوػُكػَوِّلئُك ُك ْكم ِكاِبَو ُك‬ ‫َو ْك ُك ْك‬
‫اااْل ػ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫فَو ْكسَو ُكقو ْكَوْك َو‬
5:48 We sent down the Book (the Quran) to you (O Prophet
Muhammad) in truth confirming the Book that came before it
and as guardian over it (i.e., protecting the true revelations
carried in the earlier Book). Therefore judge between them by
what Allah has revealed and do not follow their desires leaving
the truth that has come to you. To each among you We have
prescribed a law and a (code of religious) practice (minhaj). If
Allah had so willed, He would have made you a single people,
but (His plan is) to test you in what He has given you. So strive
to advance in good things. The return of you all is to Allah. It is
He who will show you the truth of the matters in which you
dispute.
‫ا٘مْك َو و َوفارػَّز ُكهما ِك اْكغَوْك ِك‬
‫با َو ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك َّز ِك‬
‫وس ٰى ا َو َو ُكر َوفاااْك ُكف ْك َو َوفا َو ضَو ًنا َو ذ ْككًنااا ْك ُك َّزق َو اااذي َو َو ْك َو ْك‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫َو اَو َوق ْك اآ َوػْكػَو ُك‬
‫ام ْك ِكف ُكق َو‬
‫م َو ااا َّز َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬
21:48-49 We had given to Moses and Harun the criterion (to
judge right and wrong), a light and a Reminder (i.e., Taurat)
for the God-conscious who fear their Lord unseen and who are
afraid of the (Final) Hour.
‫اااذ ْكك ِك اإِك ْكف ُك‬

‫وح اإِكاَوْك ِكهما ۚ افَو ْكسأَواُكواا َو ْك ِّل‬ ‫ارج ًنَلااُك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫وفا‬
‫اكْكُك ْكم َواَلا َوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َو َوم ا ْكَور َوس ْكَو ام ْك ا َوػْك َو اإَّزَل ِك َو‬
‫ِّل ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ااػُكِّل َوؿاإِكاَوْك ِكه ْكما َو اَو َوعَّز ُكه ْكمايػَوَوػ َوف َّز ُك َوفاا‬
‫اااذ ْككَو ااُكَوػ ِّل َو اا َّز ِكس َو‬ ‫ِك اْكَوػِّلػَو تا َوااُُّكِك ا ۗ ا َو َواْكػَواْكَو اإِكاَوْك َو‬
16:43-44 And before you (Prophet Muhammad), We had sent
only men (as apostles) to whom We transmitted the message. If
you do not know this, ask the People of the Book. (We sent
them) with clear signs and Scriptures. And We sent down to
you (Prophet Muhammad) this Reminder (i.e., the Quran) to
explain to the people what has been sent to them so that they
may think (over it).
‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ادا ُك َودا‬ ‫وح ا َو َو يْكػَو ام ْك ا َوػْك ُكا ۖ ا َو م ْك اذُكِّلريَّز ه َو‬ ‫اك ًَّلا َو َو يْكػَو ا ۚ ا َو اُك ًن‬
‫وبا ۚ ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو ْكػَو ااَوهُكاإ ْكس َوح َوؽا َو يػَو ْكع ُكق َو‬
‫اّم ِكياااْك ُك ْكح ِك ِك َو ا َو َوزَوك ِكيَّز ا َو َوْكٗم َو ٰىَيا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وس ٰى ا َو َو ُكر َوفا ۚ ا َو َوك ٰىَوذا َو َوْك‬ ‫وس َو ا َو ُكم َو‬
‫وبا َو يُك ُك‬ ‫َو ُكسَوْك َو َوفا َو َويُّ َو‬
‫ض ْكَو ا‬ ‫سا َو اُكوطًن ا ۚ ا َو ُكك ًَّلافَو َّز‬ ‫اك ِكام َّز ِكِك ِك ِك‬ ۖ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااال ْل َو ا َو إ ْكْسَو َوا َوااْكَو َو َوعا َو يُكواُك َو‬ ‫سا ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو ٰى ا َو إاْكَو َو‬
‫اص ٍء‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اطا‬ ‫اجَوَوػْكػَو ُك ْكما َو َو َو يْكػَو ُك ْكماإ َو ٰىَل َو‬ ‫َو َو اااْك َوع اَو َو ا َو م ْك اآ َو ئ ِكه ْكما َو ذُكِّلريَّز ِت ْكما َو إِك ْكخ َوواِن ْكما ۖ ا َو ْك‬
‫ام ا‬ ‫طا َوْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬ ‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُك ِكام ْك ا ِكَو ِكدهِكا ۚ ا َو اَو ْكوا َو ْك َوُككو َو‬
‫ااْلَوِك َو‬ ‫ِك ِك ِكِك‬ ‫ِك ٰى ِك‬
‫ُكم ْك َوق ٍءماذَوا َو ا ُك َو اااَّزهايػَو ْكه يا ه َو‬
‫ْكف ْك ِكاِبَو ا ٰىَو ُكَوَل ِك افَوػ َوق ْك ا‬
‫ْكما َوااُُّكػ َّزوَوةا ۚ افَوِكإ ْكفايَو ُك‬
‫اْلُك َو‬ ‫با َو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوك اُكواايػع ُك َو ٰى ِك ِك‬
‫وفا ُك اَوئ َو اااَّزذي َو اآ َوػْكػَو ُك ُكماااْك َو َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو َّزك ْكَو ِكاِبَو ا َوػ ْكوًنم ااَوْك ُك وااِبَو ا ِك َو ف ِكي َو اا‬
‫ِك‬
6:84-89 We gave him (i.e., Abraham) Isaac and Jacob. We
guided all of them. And earlier We guided Noah and from his
progeny David, Solomon, Job, Joseph, Moses and Aaron. Thus
We reward the righteous. And (We also guided) Zakariya,
John, Jesus and Elias. They were all good-doers. And (also)
Ismail, Elisha, Jonas and Lot. And We favoured them all over
(other) people of the world. And We chose from among their
fathers, their progeny and their brethren and We guided them
to a straight path. That is Allah‟s guidance. He guides whom
He pleases from among His servants. If they join gods with
Him, all that they do would become futile for them. They were
those to whom We gave the Book, authority of judgement and
prophethood. If they reject them, then We entrusted it with a
people who will not reject them.
Although every prophet was given Scripture, only five
are mentioned in the Quran by name. These are the Scriptures
sent to Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim), Prophet Moses (Musa),
Prophet David (Davood), Prophet Jesus Christ (Isa) and
Prophet Muhammad. Of these, the Book of Abraham (Q.
87:18-19), the earliest of the series, is practically unknown to
the present-day world. There is a book in Greek by G. H. Box
called The Testament of Abraham published in 1927 by the
Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, London. It
seems to be a Greek translation of a Hebrew original [7]. The
book of Moses is Taurat (Q. 5:44); the Book of David is
Zaboor (Q. 4:163); the Book of Jesus is Injeel (Q. 5:46) and the
Book of last prophet Muhammad is the Quran (Q. 2:185,
20:114). These Scriptures as well as those not mentioned in the
Quran in fact form the divine software (Allah‟s instructions or

programs) of guidance for people of different era.
‫وس ٰى ا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ُّ ‫إِك َّزفا َوػٰى َوذاااَو ِكف‬
‫ااال ُكح ِك ْك‬
‫اص ُكح اإ ْكػَوا َوما َو ُكم َو‬
‫ااْلُك َو ٰىَل ُك‬
87:18-19 Verily this (message) is in the earlier Scriptures, the
Scriptures of Abraham and Moses.
‫َوسَو ُك واااِكَّز ِكذي َو ا َو ُكد اا َوااَّزَّز اِكُّ َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫اٗم ُك م ِكاِب اااَّزِكُّ َو ِك‬
‫وفاااَّزذي َو ا ْك‬ ‫ورا ۚ َوْك ُك َو‬
‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫إاَّز ا َواَواْكَو ااا ػ ْكَّزوَورا َوةاف َوه ا ُك ًن ا َو اُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫اخ َو ْكو ِكفا‬ ‫باااَّز ِكها َو َوك اُكواا َو َوْك ِكها ُك َوه َو ا َوا ۚ افَو َوَل َو‬
‫اام اكِكَو ِك‬‫ْكاْلَوح ر ِكاِبَو ااس ح ِكفظُكو ِك‬
‫سا َو ْك‬ ‫اَّتْك َو ُكوااااَّز َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو ُك ْك ُك ْك‬
‫اٗم ُك ماِبَو ا َواَو َوؿاااَّزهُكافَوأُك اَوػٰىئ َو ا ُك ُكماااْك َو فُك َواف‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوَلا َو ْك َوػ اا ِكآيَو ِكِت َواْثَوًن ا َو ًنَلا ا َوم َّز‬
ۚ
‫اَلْك َوْك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َو‬
5:44 Indeed, We had sent down the Taurat (to Moses). Therein
was guidance and light. The messengers who submitted
themselves to Allah passed judgement to the Jews with that.
Their clerics (rabbis) and religious scholars (also followed it)
because they were made responsible for the protection of
Allah‟s Book and they were its witnesses. Therefore do not
fear people but fear Me and do not sell My signs (i.e.,
Scriptural revelations) for a paltry price. Those who do not
judge by what Allah has revealed, they are the unbelievers.
‫ل ِّل ًن ااِّل َو ا ػَو ْك َو ايَو َو يْك ِكه ِكام َو ااا ػ ْكَّزوَوراةِكا ۖ ا َوآ َوػْكػَو هُك ْكِك‬
‫ااْل ِكّم َوا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫َو َوػ َّزفْكػَو ا َو َو ٰى اآثَو ِكر ما ع َو اا ْك ِك َو‬
‫ام ْك َوَو ُك‬
‫ل ِّل ًن ااِّل َو ا ػَو ْك َو ايَو َو يْك ِكه ِكام َو ااا ػ ْكَّزوَوراةِكا َو ُك ًن ا َو َوم ْكو ِكظَو ًنااِّلْك ُك ِكَّزق َوا‬
‫ورا َو ُكم َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬
ٌ ‫ف ها ُك ًن ا َو اُك‬
5:46 And We sent Jesus the son of Mary in continuation of
them (i.e., earlier apostles) confirming the Taurat that came
before him. We gave him the Injeel (Gospel). Therein is
guidance and light and it is a confirmation of the Taurat that
came before him. It is a guidance and advice to those who are
God-conscious.
‫ت ِكام َو ْك‬
‫ااَلُكَو ٰى ا َوااْك ُكف ْك َو ِكفا ۚ افَو َو ْك ا‬ ‫آفا ًن ااِك َّز ِكسا ػِّلػَو ٍء‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫ض َوفاااَّزذيا ُكاْك ِكَوؿاف هاااْك ُكق ْك ُك ُك‬ ‫َو ْك ُك َوارَوم َو‬
‫ُكخَو ا ۗ ا‬ ‫اس َوف ٍء افَوع َّز ةٌام ْك ا َويَّز ٍءـا َو‬ ‫ام ِك ًن‬
‫يض ا َوْك ا َو َو ٰى َو‬ ‫اك َوف َو‬ ‫ل ْك هُكا ۖ ا َو َوم ْك َو‬ ‫َو ِكه َو امْك ُك ُكمااا ْك‬
‫َّزهَو افَوػ ْكَو ُك‬
‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫يُكِكي ُك اااَّزهُكا ُك ُكماااْكُك ْك َو ا َوَوَلايُكِكي ُك ا ُك ُكماااْك ُكع ْك َو ا َو اُك ْك ُكوااااْكع َّز ةَوا َو اُك َو ِّلػُك ااااَّزهَوا َو َو ٰى َو‬
‫ام ا َو َو ُكاك ْكما‬
‫َو اَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َو ْك ُك ُك َواف‬
2:185 “Ramadan is the month in which the Quran was sent

down as guidance to mankind and clear proofs for guidance
and criterion (for judging right and wrong)…”
‫ض ٰى اإِكاَوْك َو ا َو ْكحُكهُكا ۖ ا َو ُك ْك ا‬ ‫ااْل ُّقا ۗ ا َوَلا َوػعج ا ِك اْك ُكق ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫آفام ْك ا َوػْك ِك ا ْكَوفايػُك ْكق َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو ْك ْك‬ ‫فَوػَوػ َوع َوَلاااَّزهُكاااْك َو ُك ْكَو‬
‫ر ِّل ِك ِك ِك‬
‫بازْكدِّنا ْك ًن‬ ‫َو‬
20:114 High above all is Allah, the true King! You should not
be in haste with the Quran before its message is transmitted to
you as programmed (by Allah) and say: “O my Lord! Increase
my knowledge.”
Prophets were messengers appointed by Allah to
convey His directives to the people. If prophets were not sent,
people would not have received the divine guidance and would
have plea against Allah. The only responsibility assigned by
Allah to the prophet is to convey His messages contained in the
Book given to him.
‫ِك‬ ‫رس ًنَلام ِّل ِكي ا مْك ِكذ ِكري ااِكئ َّزَلاي ُك َو ِك‬
‫وفاا َّز ِكسا َو َو اااَّزه ُك‬
‫اح َّزج ٌا ػَو ْكع َو اااُّ ُكس ِك ا ۚ ا َو َوك َوفا‬ ‫ُك ُك ُك َو َو َو ُك َو َو َو‬
‫ااَّزها ِكي ِك‬
‫ااح ًن‬
‫ُك َو ًن َو‬
4:165 Messengers are conveyors of good news and warners so
that mankind, after (the coming) of the apostles, should not
have any plea against Allah. And Allah is Mighty, Wise.
‫تاإِكاَوْكػَو َوار ُكس ًنوَلافَوػَوَّزِك َوعاآيَو ِك َو ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫ِك ٍء ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َو اَو ْكوا َواَّز ا َو ْك َو ْك َو ُك ْكما َوع َوذابام ْك ا َوػْك هااَو َوق اُكو َو‬
‫اارػَّزَو ااَو ْكوَوَلا ْكَور َوس ْك َو‬
‫َوػْك ِك ا ْكَوفااَو ِكذ َّزؿا َو َوٓمْكَو ٰىا‬
20:134 And if We had destroyed them with a punishment
before this, they would have said: “Our Lord! Why did You not
send an apostle to us. Then we would have followed Your
directives before we suffered disgrace and shame.”
‫تاإِكاَوْكػَو َوار ُكس ًنوَلافَوػَوَّزِك َوعا‬
‫اارػَّزَو ااَو ْكوَوَلا ْكَور َوس ْك َو‬ ‫ل ٌ ِكاِبَو ا َو َّزم ْك ِك ِك‬ ‫ل ػهم ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫تا َويْك يه ْكمافَوػَوػ ُكقواُكو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫َو اَو ْكوَوَلا ْكَوفا ُك َو ُك ْك ُك‬
‫وف ِكام َو اااْك ُك ْك ِكمِك َو ا‬
‫آيَو ِك َو ا َو اَو ُك َو‬
28:47 (Oh Prophet! We would not have sent you to them) if

they will not say when some calamity befalls on them because
of what their hands did earlier: “Our Lord! Why did You not
send us an apostle? We should have followed then Your signs
(i.e., revelations) and become believers”.
‫وفاإِك ْكذا ْكَور َوس ْكَو اإِكاَوْك ِكه ُكمااثْكػَوػ ْك ِك افَو َو َّزذ ُك ُك‬
‫وٕمَو ا‬ ‫اج َو َو اااْك ُك ْك َوسُك َو‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫اض ِك ْك‬
‫باااْك َوق ْكيَو اإ ْكذ َو‬‫َوص َوح َو‬ ‫امثَو ًنَلا ْك‬ ‫اَلُك ْكم َو‬
‫ب َو‬ ‫َو ْك‬
‫اام ا َواْكػُك ْكماإِكَّزَلا َو َو ٌ امثْكػُكَو ا َو َوم ا َواْكػَو َوؿاااَّز ْك ٰىَو ُك ام ْك ا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ِك ٍء‬
‫وفا َو اُكو َو‬ ‫ام ْك َوسُك َو‬‫فَوػ َوعَّز ْكزاَو ا ثَو اثافَوػ َوق اُكوااإاَّز اإاَوْك ُك ْكم ُك‬
‫وفا َو َوم ا َو َوْكػَو اإِكَّزَلاااْكَو َوَلغُكاااْك ُك ِك ُك اا‬ ‫اارػَُّو ايػَو ْكعَو ُكماإِكاَّز اإِكاَوْك ُك ْكمااَو ُك ْك َوسُك َو‬ ‫ٍء اإِك ْكفا َواْكػ ماإِكَّزَلا َو ِك‬
‫وفا َو اُكو َو‬
‫ْكذ ُك َو‬ ‫ُك ْك‬ ‫َو ْك‬
36:13-17 You (Prophet Muhammad) describe to them about the
people of that country as an example. Behold, when the
apostles came there! When We (first) sent to them two
apostles, they rejected both of them. Then We strengthened
them with a third. The apostles said (to the people): Truly, we
are messengers sent to you. The (people) said: You are only
men like us. And (Allah) Most Gracious has not sent anything.
You are only telling lie. The apostles said: Our Lord knows
that we are (messengers) sent to you. And our duty is only to
convey (the message) clearly.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفاإِكَّزٔمَو ا‬
‫اكْكُك ْكما َوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬‫اخْكػٌ ااَو ُك ْكماإِك ْكف ُك‬ ‫َو إِك ْكػَوا َوماإِك ْكذا َو َوؿاا َوق ْكومهاا ْك ُك ُك ااااَّزهَوا َوا ػ ُكَّزقوهُكا ۖ ا ٰىذَوا ُك ْكم َو‬
‫مْكِك ُك َو‬ٙ‫اد ِكفاااَّز ِكه َواَل َوا‬
‫وفاإِكفْك ًن ا ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزذي َو ا َوػ ْكعُك ُك َوفام ْك ُك‬ ‫اد ِكفاااَّز ِكها َوْك ثَو اًن ا َو َوَّتْكُك ُكق َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوػ ْكعُك ُك َوفام ْك ُك‬
‫ارْكزًن افَو ْكػَوػغُكواا ِكْك َو اااَّز ِكهاااِّل ْكز َوؽا َوا ْك ُك ُك هُكا َوا ْك ُك ُك اااَوهُكا ۖ اإِكاَوْك ِكها ُكػ ْك َوج ُكع َو‬
‫وفا َو إِك ْكفا ُك َو ِّلذ ُكواافَوػ َوق ْك ا‬ ‫اَو ُك م ِك‬
‫ْك‬
‫َّز‬ ۖ
‫با َوُكم ٌمام ْك ا َوػْك ُك ْكما ا َو َوم ا َو َو اااَّز ُكسوؿاإَلاااْكَو َوَلغُكاااْك ُك ُك اا‬ ‫َوك َّزذ َو‬
29:16-18 And (remember) Abraham, when he said to his
people: Serve Allah and fear Him. That is good for you, if you
understand. Certainly what you worship besides Allah are mere
idols and you invent falsehood. Verily, the things you worship
besides Allah have no power to give you sustenance.
Therefore, you seek sustenance from Allah. Serve Him and be
grateful to Him. To Him will be your return. And if you reject
(the message), so did generations before you. The duty of the
apostle is only to convey (the message) clearly.
Allah has made agreement with prophets for conveying

His Scripture to the people.
‫ِّلؽااِك َو ا‬
ٌ ‫ل‬ ‫ام َو‬
‫وؿ ُك‬
ٌ ‫اج َو ُكك ْكم َوار ُكس‬ ‫با َو ِكح ْك َو ٍء ُك‬
‫َوخ َوذاااَّزهُك ِكام ثَو َوؽاااَّزِكِّل َو ااَو اآ َوػْكُك ُك م ِكام اكِكَو ٍء‬
‫ْك ْك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو إِك ْكذا َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِكِك‬
‫ص ِكيا ۖ ا َو اُكواا‬ ‫َوخ ْكذ ُكْكُتا َو َو ٰى ا ٰىَوذا ُك ْكماإِك ْك‬
‫لُكاَّزهُكا ۚ ا َو َوؿا َوَوْكػَو ْكرُكْكُتا َو َو‬‫َوم َوع ُك ْكمااَوُكػ ْك مُك َّز ا ها َو اَوَوػْك ُك‬
‫ام َوع ُك ْكم ِكام َو ااا َّز ِك ِكي َوا‬ ‫َوْكػَو ْكراَو ا ۚ ا َو َوؿافَو ْك َوه ُك اا َو َواَو َو‬
3:81 Behold! Allah took covenant of the prophets that “I
give you Book and wisdom and then an apostle comes to you
confirming what is (i.e., the Book) with you, then you should
believe in him and render him help.” Allah said: “Do you agree
and accept my covenant as binding on you?” They said: “We
agree.” Allah said: “Then you bear witness and I also bear
witness along with you.”
‫ِك‬ ‫إِك ْكذا َوخ ْكذاَو ِكام اااَّزِكِّل ِكام ث َوػهما ِكمْك ا ِكم ااُك ٍء ِك ِك‬
‫وس ٰى ا َو َو اا ْك ِك َو‬
‫ام ْك َوَوا ۖ ا‬ ‫وحا َو إ ْكػَوا َوما َو ُكم َو‬ ‫َو َو ُك ْك َو َو َو ْك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااال د ا ِك‬
‫اص ْك ِكه ْكما ۚ ا َو َو َو َّزاا ْك َو ف ِكي َو ا َو َوذا ًن ا َوا ًن اا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوخ ْكذاَو امْكػ ُكه ْكمام ثَو ًن ا َو ظًن ااَو ْك أ َوَوؿ َّز َو َو ْك‬
‫َو َو‬
33:7-8 And remember We took from the prophets their
covenant – from you (Prophet Muhammad), from Noah,
Abraham, Moses, and Jesus the son of Mary. We took from
them a solemn covenant to question the truthful about their
honesty. And He has kept for the unbelievers a painful penalty.
The people to whom the prophet was sent formed the
nation of that prophet in the divine test programme. The
prophet will be the witness of his people on the Day of
Judgment.
‫ض َو ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكما ِك اْك ِكق ْك ِكطا َو ُك ْكم َواَلايُكظْكَو ُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ٌ ‫َو اِك ُك ِّلا َّزُكم ٍء َوار ُكس‬
‫وؿا ۖ افَوِكإذَوااج ارسوُكَلما ُك ِك‬
‫َو َو َو ُك ُك ْك‬
10:47 To every nation (ummah) is an apostle. Thus upon
arrival of their apostle, judgement would be passed (on Day of
Judgement) between them with justice and they will not be
dealt with unjustly.
‫وفا‬ ‫ااّتَّز َواَلايػُك ْك َوذ ُكفااِكَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫اك َوفُك اا َوَوَلا ُك ْكمايُك ْك َوػ ْكعَوُك َو‬ ‫اك ِّلا َّزُكم ٍءا َو ِكه ًن ُك‬
‫ث ِكام ْك ُك‬
‫َو يػَو ْكوَوـااػَوْكػ َوع ُك‬
16:84 The Day We will raise from each people a witness!

Then the unbelievers will not be permitted (to present their
excuses) nor will they be asked to repent (to Allah for
forgiveness).
‫ًن اا َو َو ٰى ا ٰىَو ُكَوَل ِك ا ۚ ا‬ ‫اك ِّلا َّزُكم ٍءا َو ِكه ًن اا َو َوْك ِكه ْكم ِكام ْك ا َواْكػ ُكف ِك ِكه ْكما ۖ ا َو ِكجْكئػَو ا ِك َو ا َو ِكه‬
‫ث ِكآت ُك‬
‫َو يػَو ْكوَوـااػَوْكػ َوع ُك‬
‫َوا‬ ‫اػَوَّزاْكَو ا َو َو اااْك ِكَو با ِك ػ اًن ااِك ُك ِّلا َو ٍء ا ًن ا ر ْك ًنا ْك ٰى ااِكْك ِك ِك‬
‫ْك َو ُك َو َو َو َو ُك َو ُك ْك‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك‬
16:89 The Day We will raise for each people a witness over
them from among themselves. And We will bring you as
witness over those people. We sent down the Book to you as an
explanation to everything, a guide, a mercy, and good news to
Muslims (i.e., those who submit to the will of God).
‫تا َو َّزَلـاااْكغُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫وؿام ذَواا ِكُكج ما ۖ ا َو اُكو َو ِك‬
‫وبا‬ ‫ااَلا ْك َومااَوَو ا ۖ اإاَّز َو ا َواْك َو ُك ُك‬ ‫ْكُك ْك‬ ‫اٖم َو ُكعاااَّزهُكاااُّ ُكس َوافَوػَوػ ُكق ُك َو‬
‫يػَو ْكوَوـ َوْك‬
5:109 The day Allah will assemble the apostles together! He
will ask: What was the response you received (from people to
the message you conveyed to them)? They will say: We have
no knowledge. Certainly it is You who has full knowledge of
the mysteries.
‫اك ِّلا َّزُكم ٍءا ِك َو ِكه ٍءا َو ِكجْكئػَو ا ِك َو ا َو َو ٰى ا ٰىَو ُكَوَل ِك ا َو ِكه ًن ا‬ ‫فَو َو اإِكذَو ِك‬
‫ااجْكئػَو ِكام ْك ُك‬ ‫ْك َو‬
4:41 How will it be if We bring a witness from each people
and We bring you (Prophet Muhammad) as witness over these
people?
Miracles shown by the prophets
Many prophets were bestowed with special abilities to
perform miracles in order to convince the people of their
divinity and authenticity. Thus we find that Prophet Moses
could change a rod into a snake, change the colour of his hand
to white, split the sea creating a path to escape from the
enemies, etc.
‫اج َو ُك ْكمافَوػ َوق َوؿااَوهُكافِكْك َو ْكو ُكفا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وس ٰى ا ْك َوعاآيَو تا ػَوِّلػَو تا ۖ افَو ْكسأ ْكَوؿا َوِك اإ ْكسَوائ َواإ ْكذ َو‬ ‫ام َو‬‫َو اَو َوق ْك اآ َوػْكػَو ُك‬
‫ام ْك ُكح ًنورا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وس ٰى َو‬‫ام َو‬
‫إ ِّلِّن َواْلَوظُكُّ َو ايَو ُك‬
17:101 We had given Moses nine clear signs. Ask the Children
of Israel (about) the situation when he came to them (as
messenger of Allah with those signs). Pharaoh said to him: “O
Moses! Indeed I consider you as one affected by sorcery!”
‫ل هُكافَوِكإذَواا ِك َو اثػُك ْكعَو ٌفا‬ ‫اكْكت ِكام َّز ِك ِك‬
‫ااال د َو افَوأَواْك َوق ٰى ا َو َو‬ ‫اجْكئ َو ِك ٍء ِك ِك ِك‬
‫تا آيَو افَوأْكتاِبَو اإ ْكف ُك َو َو‬
‫اكْكت ِك‬
‫َو َوؿاإِك ْكف ُك َو‬
‫ُكام ْك ا َوػ ْكوِكـافِكْك َو ْكو َوفاإِك َّزفا ٰىَو َوذاااَو َو ِكحٌ ا َو ِك ٌماا‬
‫مِك ا اػَو عاي َو هافَوِكإذَواا ِك ا ػ ض ااِك َّز ِكظ ِكي ا َو َوؿاااْك َوْل ِك‬
‫َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو َوْك َو ُك‬ ‫ُك ٌ َو َو َو َو ُك‬
7:106-109 (Pharaoh) said: “If you have come with a sign, then
bring it, if you are telling the truth.” Then (Moses) dropped his
rod and it was an obvious snake! And he drew out his hand,
and behold, it was white to all the beholders! The bigwigs
among the people of Pharaoh said: “Here is indeed an expert
magician.”
‫اك َّزَلا ۖ اإِك َّزفا‬ ‫وس ٰى اإِكاَّز ااَو ُك ْك َورُكك َو‬

‫وفا َو َوؿ َو‬ ‫فَوأَوْكػ ػعو مام ْك ِكِك افَوػَو َّز ا َوػ ا ْك ِك‬
‫ام َو‬
‫ب ُك‬‫َوص َوح ُك‬
‫ااْلَو ْك َوع فا َو َوؿا ْك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو ُك ُك ْك ُك َو‬
‫معِك ارِّلِب ِك‬
‫ل َوؾاااْكَو ْكحَو ا ۖ افَو اْكػ َوفَو َوقافَو َو َوف ُك‬
‫اك ُّا‬ ‫با َوع َو‬ ‫وس ٰى ا ِكَوف ْك‬
‫ااض ِك ْك ِك‬
‫ام َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اسَوػ ْكه ي ِك افَوأَوْك َوحْكػَو اإ َو ٰىَل ُك‬
‫اك اطَّزْكوداااْك َوعظ ماا‬‫فِكْك ٍءؽ َو‬
26:60-63 So they (i.e., Pharaoh and his people) followed them
(i.e., Moses and his followers) at sunrise. And when the two
parties saw each other, the companions of Moses said: We are
sure to be captured. Moses said: By no means! My Lord is with
me; He will guide me. Then We conveyed to Moses: Strike the
sea with your stick. (When Moses struck it with his stick), it
divided and each part was like a huge mountain of sand.
Jesus Christ (Prophet Isa) could speak from the cradle,
heal the sick, bring dead men back to life, restore eyesight to
the blind, heal lepers, create living bird from clay.
‫ام ْك َوَوااذْك ُكك ْك ااِك ْكع َو ِكِتا َو َوْك َو ا َو َو َو ٰى ا َوااِك َو ِك َو اإِك ْكذا َويَّز ْك ُك َو ا ِكُك ِكحاااْك ُكق ُك ِكسا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫إ ْكذا َو َوؿاااَّزهُكايَو ا َو اا ْك َو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اْل ْكِكّم َوا ۖ ا َو إِك ْكذا‬
‫اْلِك ْك َو َوا َواا ػ ْكَّزوَوراةَوا َو ْكِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫با َو ْك‬ ‫س ِكآتاااْك َو ْكه ا َو َوك ْكه ًنَلا ۖ ا َو إ ْكذا َو َّز ْك ُك َو اااْك َو َو‬ ‫ُك َو ِّل ُكماااَّز َو‬
‫َوك َو هَوا‬
‫ااْل ْك‬
‫ئ ْك‬ ‫اك َوهْكئَو ِكاااطَّزْكِك ا ِكِكإ ْكذِكِّنافَوػَوػْكػ ُكف ُكخافِك َوه افَوػَو ُك ُك‬
‫وفاطَوْكػًناا ِكِكإ ْكذِكِّنا ۖ ا َو ُكػ ْكِكِب ُك‬ ‫َوَّتْكُك ُكق ِكام َو اااطِّل ِك َو‬
‫اك َوف ْكفتا ِك اإِكس ائِك ا ْك اإِك ْكذ ِك‬

‫اجْكئَوػ ُكه ْكما‬ ‫ِكجاااْك َو ْكوَو ٰى ا ِكِكإ ْكذِكِّنا ۖ ا َو إِك ْكذ َو ُك َو ْك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫صا ِكِكإ ْكذِكِّنا ۖ ا َو إِك ْكذ ُك‬
‫اَّتْك ُك‬ ‫َو ْكاْلَوْكػَو َو‬
‫امِك ٌا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫تافَوػ َوق َوؿاااَّز ِكذي َو ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك اْك ػِّلػَو ِك‬
‫اك َوفُك اامْكػ ُكه ْكماإ ْكفا ٰىَو َوذااإَّزَلاس ْكحٌ ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو‬
5:110 (Remember) Allah said: “O Jesus the son of Mary!
Remember My favour to you and to your mother. I
strengthened you with Rooh-ul-Qudusi (Jibreel) to enable you
to speak to the people from the cradle (as infant) and in
adulthood. I taught you the Book and wisdom, the Taurat (i.e.,
the Book revealed to Prophet Moses) and the Injeel (i.e., the
Book revealed to himself). And behold, you made clay mould
of a bird by My permission, then you breathed into it and it
became a bird by My permission, and you cured the blind and
the lepers by My permission. And you brought out the dead
(alive from the grave) by My permission. And behold, I did
restrain the Children of Israel from (violence to) you when you
approached them with clear signs and the unbelievers among
them said, “This is nothing but sheer magic.”
‫ام ئِك َو ةًن ِكام َو ااا َّز َو ِك ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك َوَوا َو ْك ايَو ْك َوط ُكع َوارُّ َو ا ْكَوفايػُكَوػِّل َوؿا َو َوْكػَو َو‬ ‫وفايَو ا َو اا ْك َو َو‬
‫ااْلو ِكاريُّ َو ِك‬
‫إ ْكذا َو َوؿ ْكَوَو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك ِكمِك َو ا َو اُكواااُكِكي ُك ا ْكَوفااَوأْك ُكك َو ِكامْكػ َوه ا َو َوطْك َو ئِك َّز ا ُكػُكوػُكَو ا َو اػَو ْكعَو َوما ْكَوفا َو ْك ا‬ ‫ۖ ا َو َوؿاا ػ ُكَّزقوااااَّزهَواإِك ْكف ُك‬
‫اكْكُك ْكم ُك‬
‫ام ئِك َو ًنةا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك َوَواااَّز ُكه َّزم َوارػَّزَو ا َواْك ِكْكؿا َو َوْكػَو َو‬
‫وفا َو َوْكػ َوه ام َو ااا َّز ي َو ا َو َوؿا َو اا ْك ُك َو‬ ‫ص َو ْكػَوػَو ا َو اَو ُك َو‬
‫َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اخْكػُك اااَّز ِكاز َو ا َو َوؿا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ِكم َو ااا َّز َو ا َو ُك ُك‬
‫ت َو‬ ‫وفااَوَو ا ًن ااْلَوَّزاَو ا َوآخ ِكاَو ا َوآيَو ًنامْك َو ا ۖ ا َو ْكارُكزْكػَو ا َو َواْك َو‬
‫ْكف ا ػع ُك ِكامْك ُك مافَوِكإ ِّلِّنا ُك ِّلذ ها َوذا َواَلا ُك ِّلذ ها َوح ًن ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اام َو ا‬ ‫َو ُكُك َو ًن َو ُكُك َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫امَوػِّل ُكَلَو ا َو َوْك ُك ْكما ۖ افَو َو ْك ايَو ُك ْك َو ْك‬‫ااَّزهُكاإ ِّلِّن ُك‬
‫ااْك َوع اَو ِك َو اا‬
5:112-115 Behold! The disciples said: “O Jesus the son of
Mary! Can your Lord send down to us a plate of food from the
sky?” Jesus said: “Fear Allah, if you are believers.” They said:
“We only wish to eat from it for our mental satisfaction and to
know that you have indeed told us the truth. And we ourselves
(want to) be the witnesses to it (i.e. the food plate from the
sky).” Jesus the son of Mary said: “O Allah our Lord! Send
down to us a plate of food from the sky so that it will be a
festival for us - from the first to the last of us, and a sign from
You. And give us sustenance for You are the best of providers
of sustenance.” Allah said: “I will send it down to you. But if
any of you rejects Faith thereafter, then I will punish him with
a penalty such as I have not inflicted on any one in the world.”
Prophet Solomon communicated with birds and ants.
His army included members from Jinn race and birds. Solomon
was also given power to control wind.
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا ۖ ا‬ ‫امْك ِكط َوقاااطَّزْكِك ا َو ُك ِك َو ِكام ْك ُك‬ ‫سا ُكِّل ْك َو َو‬ ۖ
‫ادا ُك َودا ا َو َو َوؿايَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّز ُك‬ ‫اسَوْك َو ُكف َو‬ ‫ث ُك‬ ‫َو َو ِكر َو‬
‫سا َوااطَّزْكِك افَوػ ُكه ْكمايُك َووز ُك َو‬ ‫ااْلِك ِّل ا َو ْكِك‬
‫اْلاْك ِك‬ ‫ودهُك ِكام َو ْك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ااَلُكواااْك َوف ْك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفا‬ ‫اجُك ُك‬‫ض ُكاااْك ُك ُك ا َو ُكح َو اا ُك َوْك َو َوف ُك‬ ‫إ َّزفا ٰىَو َوذ َو َو‬
‫اٗم ِكط َو َّز ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اام َو كَو ُك ْكم َواَل َوْك‬ ‫ااد ُكخُكو َو‬ ‫ت َوأمْكَو ٌايَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّز ْك ُك ْك‬‫َوح َّز ٰىَّتاإِك َوذاا َوَوػ ْكواا َو َو ٰى ا َواداااَّز ْك ِك ا َو اَو ْك‬
‫با َوْك ِكز ْك ِك ا ْكَوفا َو ْك ُك َو ا‬ ‫اض ِكح ًن ِكام ْك ا َوػ ْكوِكَلَو ا َو َو َوؿ َوار ِّل‬ ‫ودهُكا َو ُك ْكم َواَلايَو ْك ُكعُك َوفافَوػَوَو َّز َوم َو‬ ‫ُكسَوْك َو ُكفا َو ُكجُك ُك‬
‫ض هُكا َو ْكَود ِكخ ْك ِك ا ِكَو ْك َوِك َو ِكآتا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫تا َو َو َّز ا َو َو َو ٰى ا َوااِك َو َّز‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اص ْلًن ا َوػ ْك َو‬ ‫يا َو ْكَوفا َو ْك َو َو َو‬ ‫ا ْكع َو َو َو اااَّزِكِتا َواْكػ َوع ْك َو‬
‫ااال ِكْلِك َو اا‬‫ِكَو ِكد َوؾ َّز‬
27:16-19 And Solomon became the successor of David. He
said: O people! We have been taught the mode of
communication of birds and we are given all (necessary)
things. This is indeed a clear blessing (from Allah.). And for
Solomon, soldiers were gathered from jinn race, mankind and
birds, and they were all kept under control. Thus when they
came to a valley of ants, one of the ants said: O you ants, get
into your homes, lest Solomon and his army should crush you
(under their feet) unknowingly. Then he smiled amused by her
(i.e., ant‟s) words and he said: O my Lord! Inspire me to be
grateful to You for Your favours, which You bestowed on me
and on my parents, and to do righteous deeds to Your
satisfaction. And admit me by Your mercy to the ranks of Your
righteous servants.
‫ام ْك ا‬ ‫اِك َو َوفاااِّليحا ُك ُك ُّ ا َو ه ا ر احه ا َو ه ا ۖ ا َوس ْكَو ااَوها اااْك ِكقطْك ِك ا ۖ ا ِكم ْكِك‬
‫ااْل ِّل َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك ٌ َو َو َو ُك َو ْك ٌ َو َو ُك َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو ُك ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫يػَو ْكع َو ُكا ػَو ْك َو ايَو َو يْكها إ ْكذف َوارِّلها ا َو َوم ْك ايَوِك ْكغامْكػ ُكه ْكما َو ْك ا ْكَوم ِكاَو ااُكذ ْكهُكام ْك ا َو َوذابااا َّز ع ِكا‬
ۖ
34:12 And (We made) the wind (obedient) to Solomon. Its
morning course was a month‟s (journey) and its evening course
was a month‟s (journey). And We made a fountain of molten

copper to flow for him. And there were jinns who worked for
him by the command of his Lord and if any of them turned
away from Our command, We would make him (i.e., the jinn)
suffer the penalty of the Blazing Fire.
‫آخ ِكي َو ا‬ ‫اك َّزا ػَوَّز ٍء ا َو َو َّزو ٍء‬
‫اصا َو َو‬ ‫با َواا َّز َو ِكط َو ُك‬
‫َوص َو‬
‫ثا َو‬
‫احْك ُك‬ ‫فَو َّزخ اَو ااَوهُكاااِّليح َوْك ِك‬
‫اَت ِكيا أ ْكَوم ِكهِك ُكار َوخ ًن َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوص َوف داا‬ ‫ُكم َوقَّزاِك َو ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْك‬
38:36-38 Then We subjected the wind to him (i.e., Solomon) to
blow gently under his order wherever he wanted, and the
Satans (who are) building constructors and divers, and also
others who were tied together in fetters.
To Prophet David iron was made soft, and hills and

birds chanted with him.
‫ااْلَو ِكي َوا‬
‫ام َوعهُكا َوااطَّزْكػَو ا ۖ ا َو َواَوَّز ااَوهُك ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ادا ُك َود ِكامَّز افَو ْك‬
‫ض ًنَلا ۖ ايَو اجَو ُكؿا َوِّلِكِب َو‬ ‫َو اَو َوق ْك اآ َوػْكػَو َو‬
34:10 We had bestowed mercy on David from Us: “O you
hills and birds! Chant (the praises of Allah) with him!” And
We softened the iron for him,
Prophet Job (Ayyub) could make water gush forth on
stamping on the ground.
‫ضا ِك ِك ْكجِك َو ا ۖ ا‬
‫اارُكك ْك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ام َّز ِك ااا َّز ْكطَو ُكفا ِكُك ْك ٍء‬
‫لبا َو َو َوذاب ْك‬ ‫َوِّن َو َو‬‫وباإِك ْكذااَو َود ٰى َوارَّزهُكا ِّل‬
‫َواذْك ُكك ْك ا َوْك َو اَو ا َويُّ َو‬
‫اباا‬ٌ ‫اام ْكغَو َو ٌا َو ِكرٌدا َو َو َو‬ ‫ٰىَو َوذ ُك‬
38:41-42 Remember Our servant Job. Behold, he called upon
his Lord: The Satan has afflicted me with distress and
suffering. (We instructed him:) “Stamp (on the ground) with
your foot.” Lo! Here is cool (water) to wash and drink!
Prophet Joseph (Yusuf) was given the ability to
interpret dreams.
‫ِك‬ ‫ااْل ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوك ٰىَوذاِك َو َوْك ِك‬
‫وبا‬ ‫اٖمَو َو َوارُّ َو ا َو يػُك َوعِّل ُك َو ام ْك ا َوأْك ِكي ِك ْك َو‬
‫َوح ديثا َو يُك ُّماا ْكع َو َوهُكا َو َوْك َو ا َو َو َو ٰى اآؿايػَو ْكع ُكق َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اح ٌام‬ ‫َوك َو ا َوَوَتَّزَوه ا َو َو ٰى ا َوػَو َوويْك َو ام ْك ا َوػْك ُكاإ ْكػَوا َوما َو إ ْكس َوح َوؽا ۚ اإ َّزف َوارَّز َو ا َو ٌم َو‬
12:6 Thus your Lord will choose you (Prophet Joseph) and
He will teach you the interpretation of the stories (i.e., dreams)
and complete His favour on you and on the family of Jacob as
He completed it on your fathers Abraham and Isaac before!
Verily, Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom.
‫َوك ِكِكم امثْكػواها ا ْكَوفايػْكػ َوفعَو ا َو ااػَو ِك‬
‫َّزخ َوذهُكا َو اَو ًن اا ۚ ا‬ ‫َو َوؿاااَّز ِكذياا ْك ػ اه ِكام ِكام ِك ِكِك‬
‫لَو اَل ْكمَوَو ها ْك َو َو ُك َو َو ٰى َو َو ْك‬ ‫َو َو ُك ْك ْك‬ ‫َو‬
‫با َو َو ٰى ا ْكَوم ِكهِكا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫اا‬ ‫ا‬ ۚ ‫ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫يث‬ ‫ِك‬
‫د‬ ‫َوح‬ ‫ااْل‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ي‬‫ِك‬ ‫ْك‬
‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ِّل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ػ‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ض‬ ‫َور‬‫ااْل‬ ‫آت‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫وس‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اا‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ا‬ ‫ٰى‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ك‬
ٌ ‫َو ُك َو‬ ‫ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو َو َو َو ُك ُك َو ْك ْك َو ُك َو َو ُك ْك َو‬
‫َو ٰىاَو ِك َّز ا ْك‬
‫وف‬
12:21 The man from Egypt who bought him (Joseph) said to
his wife: “Make his stay (with us) honourable. Maybe he will
be of benefit to us or we will adopt him as son.” Thus We
established Joseph on the earth. (That was also) for Us to teach
him the interpretation of stories (i.e., dreams). And Allah has
full control over His affairs, but most people do not realize it.
‫ااْل َوخُك اإِك ِّلِّنا َوَورِكاِّنا‬
‫اَخْكًناا ۖ ا َو َو َوؿ ْك‬
‫لُك َو‬ ‫دخ امعهااا ِّل ج افَوػَوػ ِكفا ۖ ا َو َوؿا َوح ُك ُكٕم اإِك ِّلِّنا َورِكاِّنا َو ْك ِك‬
‫َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫َو َو َو َو َو َو ُك ْك َو َو‬
‫اخْكػًناا َوأْك ُكك ُكاااطَّزْكػُك امْكهُكا ۖ ااػَوِّلْكئػَو ا ِكَوأْك ِكي ها ۖ اإِكاَّز ااػَوَو َواؾام َو اااْك ُك ْكح َو ا َو َوؿا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو ْك ُكافَوػ ْكو َوؽ َوارْكس ُك‬
‫َوَلايَوأْك ِك ُك َو اطَو َوع ٌـا ػُك ْك َوزَو اِكِكهاإِكَّزَلااػَوَّزأْكُك ُك َو ا ِكَوأْك ِكيِك ِكها َوػْك َوا ْكَوفايَوأْك ِكَو ُك َو ا ۚ ا ٰىذَواِك ُك َو ِكاِمَّز ا َو َّز َو ِك َوارِّلِبا ۚ ا‬
‫اك فِكُك َوفاا‬ ‫وفا ِك اَّز ِكها َو ُك ْكما ِك ْكْل ِكخَوةِكا ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫ت ِكامَّز َوا َوػ ْكوٍءـ َواَلايػُك ْك ِكمُك َو‬
‫إِك ِّلِّنا َوػَوْكك ُك‬
12:36-37 Two young men were also jailed with him. One of the
two said: I see myself (in a dream) pressing wine. The other
said: I see myself (in a dream) carrying bread on my head and
the birds eat from it. (Joseph, please) explain to us their
meaning. We see you as a good man. Joseph said: I will surely
explain to you their meaning before the food provided to you
comes to you,. (Interpretation of dreams) is one of the things
what my Lord has taught me. I have indeed rejected the
religion of a people who do not believe in Allah and who deny
the Hereafter.
The miracles shown by the prophets may possibly be
acts performed by Jibreel, the rooh that transmits the divine
relvelations to the prophets (see chapter 15).
Prophet Muhammad was not endowed with

superhuman abilities. Although people asked Prophet
Muhammad for miracles so that they could believe in the
message he conveyed, Allah did not give because even if they
are shown signs, they would not have believed (Q. 4:153; 6:37,
109, 111; 29:50-51).
‫َوكَوػَو ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫وس ٰى ا ْك‬
‫اام َو‬ ‫يَو ْك أَواُك َو ا َو ْك ُكاااْك َو با ْكَوفا ػُكَوػِّل َوؿا َو َوْكه ْكماكَو ًن ام َو ااا َّز َو ا ۚ افَوػ َوق ْك َو‬
‫اسأَواُكو ُك‬
‫ااَّتَو ُكذ ااااْكعِك ْكج َوا‬ ‫ااال ِك َوق ُكا ِكظُكْك ِك ِكه ْكما ۚ ُك‬
‫اّتَّز َّز‬ ‫ٰى ِك‬
‫َوخ َوذ ْكػ ُكه ُكم َّز‬ ‫ذَوا َو افَوػ َوق اُكواا ِكَوراَو اااَّزهَو َو‬
‫اج ْكهَوةًنافَوأ َو‬
‫ٰى ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫امِك ًن‬
‫اس ْكطَو اًن ُك‬
‫وس ٰى ُك‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫تافَوػ َوع َوف ْكواَو ا َو ْك ا َوذا َو ا ۚ ا َوآ َوػْكػَو ُك‬
‫اج َوْكػ ُكه ُكماااْكَوػِّلػَو ُك‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫م ْك ا ػَو ْكع َو‬
4:153 The People of the Book ask you (Prophet Muhammad)
to bring down a Book to them from the sky. Indeed they asked
Moses for an even greater (miracle) when they said: “Show us
Allah in His real Self”. Then they were seized by thunder and
lightning for their crime. Later they worshipped the calf after
clear signs had come to them; but we forgave them for that and
We gave Moses clear authority.
‫َو َو اُكواااَو ْكوَوَلااػُكِّل َوؿا َو َوْك ِكهاآيَوٌ ِكام ْك َوارِّلِكها ۚ ا ُك ْك اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ِكدٌرا َو َو ٰى ا ْكَوفايػُكَوػِّل َوؿاآيَو ًنا َو ٰىاَو ِك َّز ا ْك‬
‫َوكثَوػَو ُك ْكم َواَلا‬
‫يػَو ْكعَو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
6:37 They say: Why is not a sign sent down to him (i.e.,
Prophet Muhammad) from his Lord? Say: “Certainly Allah has
power to send down a sign.” But most of them do not realize.
‫تا ِكْك َو اااَّز ِكها ۖ ا‬ ‫اج َوْكػ ُكه ْكماآيَوٌااَوُكػ ْك ِكمُك َّز ِكاِبَو ا ۚ ا ُك ْك اإِكَّزٔمَو ْك‬ ‫ِكِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ااْليَو ُك‬ ‫َو َوْك َو ُك واا اَّزه َو‬
‫مَو ِن ْكمااَوئ ْك َو‬ٙ‫اج ْكه َو ا َوْك‬
‫ت َواَلايػُك ْك ِكمُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ااج َو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َوم ايُك ْك عُكُكك ْكما َوا َوػَّزه اإذَو َو‬
6:109 They swear their strongest oaths by Allah that if a sign
comes to them, they will believe in it. Say: “Certainly the signs
are with Allah (alone).” But what do you (i.e., Prophet
Muhammad) know (about their oath)? (Even) if a sign comes
(to them), they will not believe.
‫ام َو‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫َو اَو ْكوا َواػَّزَو ااػَوَّزاْكَو اإِكاَوْك ِكه ُكماااْك َو َوَلئِك َو َوا َو َوكَّز َو ُكه ُكماااْك َو ْكوَو ٰى ا َو َوح َو ْكاَو ا َو َوْك ِكه ْكم ُك‬
‫اك َّزا َو ْك ا ُكػُك ًنَل َو‬
‫اٖم َوهُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫اِكُكػ ْك ِكمُكوااإِكَّزَلا ْكَوفايَو َو َواااَّزهُكا َو ٰىاَو ِك َّز ا ْك‬
‫َوكثَوػَو ُك ْكم َوْك‬
6:111 Even if We did send down angels to them, and the dead
did speak to them, and We brought all things to them in heaps,
they would not believe unless Allah wills. But most of them
ignore (the truth).
‫امِك ٌا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااْلي ُك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َو اُكواااَووَوَلا ُكاْك ِكَوؿا َو ِكهاآي ِك ِك‬
‫تا ْك َو اااَّزها َو إَّزٔمَو ا َواَو ااَوذيٌ ُك‬ ‫تام ْك َوارِّلها ۖ ا ُك ْك اإَّزٔمَو ْك َو‬
ٌ ‫َو ْك َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َو‬
29:50 They (i.e., unbelievers) say: Why are not signs (i.e.,
miracles) sent down to him from his Lord? Say: The signs are
indeed with Allah and I am only a clear warner.
The miracle of Prophet Muhammad is the Quran itself.
‫بايػُكْكػَو ٰى ا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َو ااَوَو ْك َو ًنا َو ِكذ ْككَو ٰى ااِكَوق ْكوٍءـا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوَو َوَلْكايَو ْكف ِكه ْكما َواَّز ا َواْكػَواْكَو ا َو َوْك َو اااْك َو َو‬
‫يػُك ْك ِكمُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
29:51 Is the Book (the Quran) We sent down to you (Prophet
Muhammad), which is recited to them, not enough (of a proof)
for them? Verily, in that is mercy and Reminder to the
believers.
Term for the people of a prophet

Several nations had gone by prior to the coming of
Prophet Muhammad. Allah has stipulated a fixed term for the
people of each prophet. Neither will it be advanced nor
delayed. Once punished for their sins, the community cannot
make a fresh comeback.
‫اس َو ًنا ۖ ا َوَوَلايَو ْك َوػ ْكق ِك ُكم َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفا‬ ‫َوجُك ُكه ْكم َواَلايَو ْك َوأْكخُك َوف َو‬ ‫َوج ٌا ۖ افَوإذَو َو‬
‫ااج َوا َو‬ ‫َو ا ُك ِّلا َّزُكم ا َو‬
7:34 To each people there is a term. When their term is
reached, they will not be delayed by an hour nor will they be
advanced.
‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ُك َواَلا َومِك ُك ااِكَوػ ْكف ِك‬
‫َوجُك ُكه ْكما‬
‫ااج َوا َو‬ ‫ام ا َو َواااَّزهُكا ۗ اا ُك ِّلا َّزُكم ا َو‬
‫َوج ٌا ۚ اإ َوذ َو‬ ‫اضًّاا َوَوَلااػَو ْكف ًنع اإَّزَل َو‬
‫َو‬ ‫ْك ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو ًنا ۖ ا َوَوَلايَو ْك َوػ ْكق ُكم َوا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وف‬ ‫فَو َوَلايَو ْك َوأْكخُك َوف َو‬
‫اس‬
10:49 (O Prophet Muhammad!) Say: I have no power (to do)
any harm or benefit to myself except what Allah wills. To
every community is a stipulated term. When their time limit is

reached, they will not be delayed (even for) a short while or
advanced.
‫ضا ۖ ايَو ْك ُكوُكك ْكمااِكَوػ ْكغ ِكفَو ااَو ُك ْكم ِكام ْك اذُكاُكوِك ُك ْكما‬ ‫َو اَوتارسُكهما ِكَوٓتاااَّز ِكها َو افَو ِكط ِك ااا َّز ِك‬
‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫ْك ُك ُك ُك ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ل ُّ اَو ا‬ ‫ام َو ًّ ا ۚ ا َو اُكوااإِك ْكفا َواْكػُك ْكماإِكَّزَلا َو َو ٌ امثْكػُكَو ا ُك ِكي ُك َوفا ْكَوفا َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو يػُك َو ِّلخَوُكك ْكماإ َو ٰىَلا َو‬
‫امِك ٍءا‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬
‫اك َوفايػَو ْكعُك ُك اآ َو ُكؤاَو افَوأْكُكواَو ا ُك ْكطَو ف ُك‬
‫َو َّز َو‬
14:10 Their apostles said: Is there a doubt about Allah, the
Creator of the skies and the earth? It is He who invites you to
forgive you your sins and to give you a fixed term. They said:
Ah! You are just men like us. You want to turn us away from
what our fathers were worshipping. Then bring us a clear
authoritative proof.
‫ابا َو اَوَوأْك َوػ ػ ُك‬
‫َّزه ْكما ػَو ْكغَو ًنا َو ُك ْكم َواَلا‬ ‫اْلَو َو ُك ُكماااْك َوع َوذ ُك‬
‫ام َو ًّ َو‬ ‫َو يَو ْك َوػ ْكعجُكواَو َو ا اْك َوع َوذابا ۚ ا َو اَو ْكوَوَلا َو‬
‫يَو ْك ُكعُك َواف‬
29:53 They ask you to hasten the punishment (for them). Had
there not been a decreed term (for them), the punishment
would have come to them. And it will certainly come to them
all of a sudden while they do not perceive (it)!
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوج َواااَّزهاإ َوذ َو‬
‫ااج َو َواَلايػُك َو َّزخُك ا ۖ ا‬ ‫يػَو ْكغف ْك ااَو ُك ْكمام ْك اذُكاُكوِك ُك ْكما َو يػُك َو ِّلخ ْكُكك ْكماإ َو ٰىَلا َو‬
‫ام َو ًّ ا ۚ اإ َّزفا َو‬
‫اكْكُك ْكما َوػ ْكعَو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫اَو ْكو ُك‬
71:4 So He may forgive you your sins and give you respite
for a fixed term. When the term given by Allah ends it will not
be postponed, if only you knew!
‫َوجَو َوه ا َو َوم ايَو ْك َوأْك ِكخُك َوفا‬ ‫ِك ِك ٍء‬
‫َوم ا َو ْك ُكقام ْك ا َّزُكم ا َو‬
15:5 No community can advance its term or delay it.
‫اَلُكم ِك‬
‫ارْككًنا‬ ‫َوكما َو َو ْك ا َوػ ػَوهم ِكام ا َوػ ٍءفا ا ُكِك س ِكامْكػهم ِكام ا ٍء‬
‫َوح ا َوْك ا َو ْك َو ُكع َو ْك‬
‫َو ْك ْك َو ْك ُك ْك ْك ْك َو ْك ُّ ُك ْك ْك َو‬
19:98 But how many generations We had destroyed before
them! Do you recognize any one of them (now) or hear (so
much as) their whisper?
‫َو َوحَو ٌاـا َو َو ٰى ا َوػ ْكيَوٍءا َو ْك َو ْك َو َو ا َوا ُكػَّزه ْكم َواَلايػَوْك ِكج ُكع َو‬
‫وفا‬
21:95 And it is impossible for any nation, which We have
destroyed, to revive.
Fate of earlier nations

The earlier peoples did not accept their prophets and
Allah‟s guidance. Through many verses Allah informs us that
when the people rejected Allah‟s guidance, they were
destroyed on reaching their term and in their place new
generations were brought. But they also had the same fate.
‫اك َوفا َو ِكَو ُكاااْك ُك َو ِّلذ ِك َوا‬
‫ااكْك َو َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ضافَو اْكظُكُك َو‬ ‫اسَو ٌ افَو ِك ِك‬
‫اآت ْك‬ ‫ُك‬
‫َو ْك اخَو ِك ِك‬
‫تام ْك ا َوػْك ُك ْكم ُك‬
‫َو ْك‬
3:137 Many ways of life (civilizations) have passed before
you. So, travel through the earth and see what was the end of
the rejecters.
‫يامِك ٌ اا‬ ‫اَلما ۚ اإِك َّزف َو ِك‬ ‫اك َّزذ واا ِكآي ِك اس ْك ِكرجهم ِكام اح ث َواَلايػعَو َو ِك‬ ‫َّز ِك‬
‫اكْك َو‬ ‫وفا َو ْكُكم َوُك ْك‬ ‫َوااذي َو َو ُك َو َو َو َو ْك َو ُك ُك ْك ْك َو ْك ُك َو ْك ُك‬
7:182-183 Those who reject Our signs (messages), We will
seize (i.e., punish) them gradually in ways unknown to them.
And We will give them time. Indeed My plot is strong.
‫وح اإِكاَوْك ِكهم ِكام ْك ا َو ْك ِك اااْك ُكق ٰى ا ۗ ا َوفَوػَومايَو ِك ِك‬ ‫ارج ًنَلااُك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ضا‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫اآت ْك‬ ‫ْك ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َو َوم ا ْكَور َوس ْكَو ام ْك ا َوػْك َو اإَّزَل ِك َو‬
‫اخْكػٌ ااِكَّز ِكذي َو اا ػ َوَّزق ْكواا ۗ ا َوفَو َوَلا‬ ‫اك َوفا ِك ُكاااَّز ِكذي ِكام ا َوػ ِك ِكهما ۗ ا اَو َو ار ْك ِك‬
‫ااْلخَوةِك َو‬ ‫َو ُك‬ ‫َو ْك ْك ْك‬ ‫ااكْك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫فَوػَوػْكظُكُك َو‬
‫ام ْك ااَو َو ُكا ۖ ا‬ ‫وفاح َّزَّتاإِكذَواااس ػ أَوساااُّس ا ظَوُّواا َواػَّزهما َو ْك ُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫لُكاَو افَوػُك ِّلج َو َو‬
‫ااج َو ُك ْكمااَو ْك‬
‫اكذ ُكو َو‬ ‫ُك ْك‬ ‫ْك َو ْك َو ُك ُك َو‬ ‫َوػ ْكعقُك َو َو ٰى‬
‫اك َوفا‬ ‫ام َو‬‫ااْلَواْكَو با ۗ َو‬
‫ل ِكهما ِكْكػ ةٌ ِكاْلُك ِكِل ْك ِك‬
‫ل ْك َو‬
‫اك َوف ِكآتا َو ِك‬
‫َو‬ ‫َوَوَلايػُكَو ُّدا َوأْك ُكسَو ا َو ِك اااْك َوق ْكوِكـاااْك ُك ْكج ِكِكم َو ااَو َوق ْك َو‬
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا َو ُك ًن ا َو َور ْك َو ًنااِكَوق ْكوٍءـا‬‫ل َو ُك‬‫ح ِكيثًن ايػ ْكفَوػ ٰى ا ٰىاَو ِك ا َول ِكيقاااَّز ِكذيا ػ اي َو ي ِكها َوػ ْكف ِك‬
‫َو ْك َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو ُك َو َو ْك ْك َو‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫يػُك ْك ِكمُك َو‬
12:109-111 We had not sent before you anyone (as apostle)
except men from among the people of the country (concerned)
conveying Our message. Had they not travelled through the
earth and seen what was the end of those before them? The
home of the Hereafter is best for the righteous. Will you not
then understand? When the apostles became disappointed (with

their people) and (began to) think they were being treated as
liars, Our help came to them and those whom We wish were
saved. And Our punishment will not be blocked from the
sinning people. There is indeed a lesson in their story for the
intelligent people. This (Quran) is not a concocted account. On
the other hand it is a confirmation of what went before it and a
detailed explanation of all things. And it is a guide and mercy
to believing people.
‫امْكػَوفِك َوه افَوػ َوف َو ُكقواافِك َوه افَو َوح َّزقا َو َوْكػ َوه اااْك َوق ْكو ُكؿافَو َو َّزم ْكاَو َو ا َو ْك ِكم ًناا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو إ َوذاا َوَورْكداَو ا ْكَوفااػُك ْكه َو ا َوػ ْكيَو ًنا َوَوم ْكاَو ُك‬
‫ل ًنااا‬ ‫وبا ِك ِكدهِكاخِك اا ِك‬ ‫وحا ۗ ا َوك َوف ٰى ا ِك ِّل َو ا ِك ُكذاُك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َو ًن َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو َوك ْكما َو ْك َو ْك َو ام َو اااْك ُكقُك فام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ااُك ٍء َو‬
17:16-17 When We decide to destroy a country, We send out
an order to the enjoyers of life there, then they commit
mischief there. Thus the word is proved true against it (i.e., the
country). Then We destroy it completely. How many
generations We have destroyed after Noah! And enough is
your Lord as meticulous observer of the sins of His servants.
‫ي ِكآتا‬ ‫ث َواَلاي ْك ع َوفافَوأَوذَوا َوػهماااَّزه ْكِك‬ ‫َوك َّزذباااَّز ِكذي ِكام ا َوػ ِك ِكهمافَوأَوَو ماااْكع َوذ ِك‬
‫ااْل ْك َو‬‫ُك ُك ُك‬ ‫احْك ُك َو ُكُك‬ ‫ابام ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك ْك ْك ُك ُك َو ُك‬
ۚ ‫ااْل ِكخَوةِكا ْك‬ ‫ْك ِك‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫اك اُكواايػَو ْكعَو ُك َو‬
‫َوكَوػُك ا ااَو ْكو َو‬ ‫اْلَوَو ةااا ُّ اْكػَو ا ۖ ا َو اَو َوع َوذ ُك‬
‫اب ْك‬
39:25-26 Those before them had (also) rejected (the
revelations) and so the punishment came to them in ways
unknown to them. So Allah gave them a taste of humiliation in
the life of this world but the punishment of the Hereafter is the
biggest, if only they knew!
‫اام ْك ا َوػْك ِك ِكه ْكما ۚ َو‬

‫اك اُكواا ُك ْكما َو َو َّزا‬ ‫اك اُكو ِك‬‫اك َوفا َو ِكَو ُكاااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬ ‫ااكْك َو َو‬ ‫ضافَوػَوػْكظُكُك َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َو َوَلْكايَو ِك ِك‬
‫اآت ْك‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اَلُك ْكمام َو اااَّزهام ْك ا َواؽا ٰىَوذا َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬‫ِك‬
‫َوخ َوذ ُك ُكماااَّزهُكا ِك ُكذاُكوِب ْكما َو َوم َو‬
‫اك َوف َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ِكمْكػ ُكهما ُكػ َّزوًنةا آثَو ر ِك‬
‫ضافَوأ َو‬ ‫اآت ْك‬ ‫ْك َو ًن‬
‫َوخ َوذ ُك ماااَّزهُكا ۚ اإِكاَّزهُكا َو ِكويا َو ي ُك اااْكع َوق ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك اَو ْك ِك‬ ‫ِكأَوا ُكػَّزه ْكم َو‬
‫باا‬ ‫تا َوأْك ه ْكم ُكار ُكسُك ُكه ْكما اْكَوػِّلػَو تافَو َو َوفُك اافَوأ َو ُك‬
40:21-22 Did they not travel through the earth and see how was
the end of those before them? They were mightier than them in
strength and had left behind (rich) heritages on the earth. But
Allah seized (i.e., punished) them for their sins and there was
none to protect them from (the wrath of) Allah. That was
because their apostles had come to them with clear signs but
they rejected them. So Allah seized them. Verily He is mighty
and severe in punishment.
‫طا َو ْك َو َوَلُك ْكما‬ ‫اام ا َواْكػَو َوؿاااَّزهُكافَوأ ْك‬
‫َوحَو َو‬ ‫اك ِكُك و َو‬‫َوض َّزا َو ْك َو َوَلُك ْكما ٰىذَواِك َو ا ِكأَوا ُكػَّزه ْكم َو‬
‫اَلُك ْكما َو َو‬
‫اك َوفُك اافَوػَوػ ْكع ًن َو‬ ‫َوااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫اد َّزمَو اااَّزهُكا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما ۖ ا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫َوفَوػَومايَو ِك ِك‬
‫اك َوفا َو َو ُكاااَّزذي َو ام ْك ا َوػْك ِكه ْكما ۚ َو‬ ‫ااكْك َو َو‬ ‫ضافَوػَوػْكظُكُك َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫اَلُك ْكماا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوفاااْك َو ف ِكي َو َواَل َو‬
‫ام ْكوَو ٰىَل َو‬ ‫اآمُكواا َو َّز‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ْكوَوَلاااَّزذي َو َو‬ ‫َو اِكْك َو فِك ِكي َو ا ْكَومثَو ُكَلَو ا ٰىَوذا َو ا ِكأ َّز‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَو َو‬
‫ِك‬
47:8-11 But those who do not believe, for them is destruction
and He will render their deeds futile. That is because they hate
what is sent down (i.e., the message) by Allah. Then He made
their deeds fruitless. Have they not travelled through the earth
and seen how was the end of their predecessors? Allah
destroyed them utterly and a similar (fate awaits) the
unbelievers. That is because Allah is the protector of the
believers and there is no protector for the unbelievers.
‫َوِّنام ْكغُكوبافَو اْكػَو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل ْك ا‬ ٌ ‫وحافَو َو َّزذ ُكواا َوْك َو اَو ا َو َو اُكواا َوْكُكو ٌفا َو ْكازُكدجَو افَو َو َو َوارَّزهُكا ِّل َو‬ ‫َوك َّزذ َو ْك‬
‫تا َوػْكػَو ُكه ْكما َوػ ْكوُكـااُك ٍء‬
‫ضا ُكُكواًن افَو اْكَوػ َوق اااْك َو ُكا َو َو ٰى ا ْكَوم ٍء ا َو ْك ا ُك ِك َورا‬ ‫امْكػ َوه ِك ٍء ا َو فَو َّزج ْكاَو ْك‬ ‫ِك ِك ٍء‬
‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫ابااا َّز َو اِبَو ُك‬ ‫فَوػ َوفَو ْكحَو ا َوْكػ َوو َو‬
‫اك ِكفَو ا َو اَو َوق ْك ا َوػَوْككَو َو اآيَو ًنافَوػ َوه ْك ا‬ ‫اجَوا ًنااِك َو ْك َو‬
‫اك َوف ُك‬ ‫اتا َواْكو ٍءاحا دس ٍء َوْك ِك ِك‬
‫اَت ِكيا أَو ْك ُك َو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو َوَوْكَو هُكا َو َو ٰى ا َوذ َو َو ُك ُك‬
‫ام َّزكِك ٍء افَو َو ْك َو َو‬
‫اك َوفا َو َوذ ِكاِبا َو اُك ُكذ ِكراا‬ ‫م ْك ُك‬
‫ِك‬
54:9-16 Before them, the people of Noah rejected (their
apostle). They rejected Our servant calling him mad and he
was driven out. Then Noah prayed to his Lord: I have failed; so
You help (me). Then We opened the gates of the sky for
pouring down water. And We caused the earth to gush forth
with springs. Subsequently, (all) the water collected together
for an already decided matter. And We put Noah on an (Ark)
of planks and nails sailing before Our eyes. It was recompense
to the rejected one (i.e., Noah)! And We have preserved the
Ark as a sign (for posterity). But is there any who remembers?
Then how (terrible) were My penalty and warning!
‫ام ْك َو ِك ٍّ ا‬ ‫ارٗم اص ص ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬

‫اْم ٍء‬
‫س ُك‬ ‫اآتايػَو ْكوـ َوْك‬‫اك َوفا َو َوذ ِكاِبا َو اُك ُكذراإاَّز ا ْكَور َوس ْكَو ا َو َوْكه ْكم ًن َو ْك َو ًن‬ ‫تا َو ٌدافَو َو ْك َو َو‬ ‫َوك َّزذ َو ْك‬
‫امْكػ َوقعِك ٍء افَو َو ْك َو َو‬
‫اك َوفا َو َوذ ِكاِبا َو اُك ُكذ ِكراا‬ ‫آمْك ٍء ُك‬
‫اكأَوا ُكػَّزه ْكما َو ْك َوج ُكز َو‬
‫س َو‬
‫عاااَّز َو‬‫َوػْك ِك ُك‬
54:18-21 The ‟Ad (people) rejected (their apostle). Then how
(terrible) were My penalty and warning! Indeed We sent
against them a raging wind on a day of incessant disaster. It
pulled out people as if they were boles of uprooted date palms.
Then how (terrible) were My penalty and warning!
‫اض َوَل ٍءؿا ُكس ُكع ٍء ا َوُكاْك ِكق ِّل‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ودا ِك ا ُك ِك‬ ‫َوك َّزذ َو ْك‬
‫اااذ ْككُك ا‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ُّذرافَوػ َوق اُكواا َوَو َو ًناامَّز ا َواح ًن اااػَوَّز ُكعهُكاإاَّز اإذًناااَوف َو َو‬ ‫ت َواْثُك ُك‬
‫ام ْك ِكسُكواااَّز َو ِكافِكْكػَو ًنا‬ ‫وفا َو ًن اام ِك اااْك َو َّزذاب ْك ِك ِك‬
‫ااْلَو ُك اإاَّز ُك‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫اسَوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬ ‫اك َّزذ ِك‬
‫ابا َو ٌ َو‬
ٌ ‫َو َوْكهام ْك ا ػَوْك َو ا َو ْك ا ُك َوو َو‬
‫ضٌ افَوػَو َود ْك اا‬‫اُمَو َو‬
‫ب ُكْك‬ ‫اك ُّا ِك ٍء‬
‫ُك ْك‬
ۖ ‫َوفاااْك َو َوا ِك ْك َو ٌا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكما‬
‫اصطَوِك ْكِبا َو اػَوِّلْكئػ ُكه ْكما َّز‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوَلُك ْكمافَو ْكرَوقْكػ ُكه ْكما َو ْك‬
‫اح َو ًنةافَو َو اُكواا‬ ‫اك َوفا َوذ ِكاِبا اُك ُكذ ِكراإِكاَّز ا َورس ْكَو ا َو ِكهماص ح ًنا ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ْك َو َو ْك ْك َو ْك َو َو‬ ‫ص حَوػ ُكه ْكمافَوػَوػ َوع طَو ٰى افَوػ َوع َوقَو افَو َو ْك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫َوك َوه ماااْك ُك ْكحَوظ اا‬ ‫ِك‬
54:23-31 The Thamud people rejected the warnings. They said:
Are we to follow a man (i.e., Salih) from among ourselves?
Then we will surely be in error and mad! Has the reminder
been sent down to him among us? Nay, he is an insolent liar!
Ah! They will know tomorrow who the insolent liar is! We are
sending the she-camel by way of trial for them. So watch them
(O Salih!) and be patient. And inform them that the water is to
be shared among them. (They have) to be present for all
drinking times (by turns). Then they called their friend. He
took (a sword) and killed (it). Then how (terrible) were My
penalty and warning! We sent against them a single mighty
blast. Then they became like stable maker‟s twigs.
‫اّمَّزْكػَو ُك ْكما ِك َو َوح ٍء ااِك ْكع َو ًنا‬ ‫اآؿااُك ٍء‬
‫وطا ۖ َو‬ ‫اح ِكصًن اإِكَّزَل َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫وطا ِك ا ُك ِك‬
‫ُّذ ِكراإاَّز ا ْكَور َوس ْكَو ا َو َوْكه ْكم َو‬
‫َوك َّزذ تا َوػوـااُك ٍء‬
‫َو ْك ْك ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬ ‫ِكم ْك ا ِكْك ِكاَو ا َو‬
‫يام ْك ا َو َو َو اا‬ ‫اّم ِك َو‬ ‫اك َوذا َو َوْك‬ ۚ
54:33-35 The people of Lut rejected the warnings. We sent
against them a violent tornado with showers of stones
excepting Lut‟s folks. We saved them by early dawn as favour
from Us. That is how We reward the grateful.
‫اح َو ًن ا َو ِكي ًن اا َو َو َّزذ ْكػَو َو ا َو َوذا ًن ا‬

‫َوكأَويِّل ِكام ا َوػ ي ٍءا تا ا َوم ِك ارػِّله ا رسِك ِكهافَوح س ػَو ِك‬
‫َو ْك ْك ْك َو َوَو ْك َو ْك ْك َو َو َو ُك ُك َو َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫تا َو َو َوؿا ْكَوم ِكَو ا َو َوك َوفا َو َو ُكا ْكَوم ِكَو ُك‬
‫اخ ْك ًنااا‬ ‫اُك ْك ًناافَو َوذا َو ْك‬
65:8-9 How many countries had insolently opposed the
instructions of their Lord and His apostles! Then We called
them to account and We gave them a severe punishment. Thus
they tasted the evil consequence of their conduct and their
affair ended up in loss.
‫وفا‬
‫اك اُكواايػَو ْكع َو ُك َو‬ ‫اك َو ْكُك ْكما ۖ ا َوَوَلا ُك ْك أَواُك َو‬
‫وفا َو َّز َو‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫تا ۖ َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫تا َو اَو ُك ْكم َو‬
‫اك َو َو ْك‬
‫ام َو‬
‫اَلَو َو‬ ‫اخَو ْك‬
‫ْك َو ا َّزُكم ٌا َو ْك َو‬
2:141 That was a people who have passed away. They will
have what they earned and you will have what you earned. You
will not be asked about what they did.
‫وف ِكآتام كِكِك ِكهما ۗ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َواْلي ٍء‬
‫تا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوفَوػَو ْكمايػَو ْكه ِك َو‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫مْك ُك َو َو َو ْك‬ٙ‫اك ْكما َو ْك َو ْك َو ا َوػْكػَو ُكه ْكمام َو اااْك ُكقُك ف َوا‬
‫ِك‬ ‫اكِك ٌاس ػ َوق ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام َو ًّ اا‬
‫تام ْك َوارِّل َو ااَو َو َوفااَو ًنام ا َو َو‬ ‫ْلُك ِكِلااا ػ َو‬
‫ُّه ٰى ا َو اَو ْكوَوَل َو َو َو َو ْك‬
20:128-129 Is not the destruction of so many earlier
generations by Us a guiding factor to them? They are (in fact)
walking through the (ruins) of their settlements. Verily, in this
are signs for intelligent people. Had it not been for a word that
went forth before from your Lord, (their punishment) would
have become inevitable but there is a term fixed (for respite).
‫ام ْك ايػَو ْكف َوع ُك ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫مِك ُك ُك ْكم ُك‬ٙ‫اّتَّز ُكا‬
‫اّتَّز ُكْكِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اٗم ُك ْكما ۖ ا َو ْك ام ْك ا ُك َوَوك ئ ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫اّتَّز َوارَوزَو ُك ْكم ُك‬ ‫ااَّزهُكاااَّزذ َو‬
‫ياخَو َوق ُك ْكم ُك‬
‫اسْك َوح اَوهُكا َو َوػ َوع َو ٰىَلا َو َّز ايُك ْك ِكُكك َوا‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ٰى ِك ِك‬
‫وف‬ ‫ذَوا ُك ْكمام ْك ا َو ْك ا ۚ ُك‬
30:40 It is Allah who created you; then provided for your
sustenance; then He makes you die and then gives you life
(again). Is there any among your partners who can do any one
of these things? Glory to Him! And high is He above the
partners they attribute (to Him)!
‫ضاااَّز ِكذيا َو ِك ُكواااَو َوعَّز ُكه ْكما‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫تا َويْك ياااَّز ِكسااُكذ َويق ُكه ْكما ػَو ْكع َو‬ ‫ظَو َوهَو اااْك َوف َو ُكد ِكآتاااْكَوػِّل ا َوااْكَو ْكح ِك ِكاِبَو َو‬
‫يػَوْك ِكج ُكع َوا‬
‫وف‬
30:41 Calamity has appeared on land and sea because of what
the human hands have earned, in order to give them a taste of
some of their (evil) deeds so that they may come back (from
evil).
‫ام ْك ِككِك َوا‬
‫َوكثَوػُك ُك ْكم ُك‬ ‫اك َوفا َو ِكَو ُكاااَّز ِكذي َو ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ُكا ۚ َو‬
‫اك َوفا ْك‬ ‫ااكْك َو َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫ضافَو اْكظُكُك َو‬ ‫اس ِك‬
30:42 Say: “Travel through the earth and see how was the end
of those before (you). Most of them were mushriks.”
The verses quoted above indicate the kind of
punishment Allah had given to the early people when they
rejected His guidance and continued to practise polytheism. It
may be noted that verse 30:41 is occasionally cited by Muslims
to support the argument that it is human activities by way of
overexploitation of natural resources and unscientific
management of the environment that led to environmental
pollution, climate change, etc. being experienced now. The
verse however does not indicate any of these. It pertains to the
shirk (attribution of partners to Allah) practised by the early
people. The verses preceding and following 30:41 confirm that.
Besides the total destruction of the nations, the Quran
also mentions about several other methods of dealing with
wrongdoers by God so that they receive admonition. To this
list of punishments belong drought, food scarcity (crop
failures), mass death, outbreak of locusts, lice, etc. (Q.
7:130,133).
‫ص ِكام اااثَّز ِك‬
‫اتااَو َوعَّز ُكه ْكمايَو َّزذ َّزكُك َوفا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫اَو َوق ْك ا َوخ ْكذاَو َو ِك‬
‫اآؿاف ْك َو ْكو َوفا ا ِّل َو ا َو اػَو ْكق ٍء َو َو َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو‬
7:130 We (i.e., Allah) seized the people of Pharaoh with years
of (drought) and reduced crop produce (i.e., famine) to make
them remember (their wrongdoing).
‫ل َوَل ٍء‬
‫تافَو ْكسَو ْك َوػُك اا َو َوك اُكواا‬ ‫ام َوف َّز‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫فَوأ ْكَور َوس ْكَو ا َو َوْك ِكه ُكماااطُّوفَو َوفا َو ْك‬
‫َّزـاآيَو ت ُك‬
‫عا َواا َو‬
‫اْلَوَو َوادا َوااْك ُكق َّز َوا َوااض َوَّزف د َو‬
‫َوػ ْكوًنم ا ُكْك ِكِكم َوا‬
7:133 So We sent on them (calamities like) flood, locusts,
lice, frogs and blood as clear signs (of divine displeasure).
Then they were arrogant; they had become sinners.
From the foregoing, it can be understood that Allah

punished earlier peoples with natural calamities when they
rejected Allah‟s guidance. There is also punishment in the
Hereafter. Allah asks us whether this is not a guiding lesson to
us who came after them. Allah also asks us to travel to those
places of ancient civilization and see for ourselves what the end
of our predecessors was (see chapter 4 for a detailed
discussion).
References
1. Stoneking, M. 2008. Human origins. The molecular
perspective. EMBO Rep 2008, 9(Suppl 1):S46-S50.
2. Klein, R.G. 2009. Darwin and the recent African origin of
modern humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106(38):16006-
16009.
3. Fernandes, V., et al. 2012. The Arabian cradle:
Mitochondrial relicts of the first steps along the Southern
Routes out of Africa. Am. J. Human Gen. 90(2):347-355.
4. Kapogiannis, D., et al. 2009. Cognitive and neural
foundations of religious beliefs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
106(12):4876-4881.
5. Schroeder, W. 1998. Ursprunge des Atheismus:
Untersuchungen zur Metaphysik- und Religionskritik des 17.
und 18. Jahrhunderts. Tubingen: Frommann- Holzboog; cited
at: http://www.investigatingatheism.info/history.html accessed
16-6-2012.
6. http://www.investigatingatheism.info/history.html accessed
16-6-2012.
7. Yusuf Ali. A.1983. The Holy Quran: Text, Translation and
Commentary. Amana Corp, Maryland.
15. PROPHET MUHAMMAD AND THE

REVELATION OF THE QURAN
Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad was born to a Quraish family in Makkah.
His father Abdulla died prior to his birth and his mother Amina
died when he was six years old. It was at the age of forty
Muhammad received the first revelations of the Quran and
became prophet or messenger of Allah. He is the last prophet
of Islam. His arrival was prophesied in the earlier Scriptures.
‫ل ِّل ًن ااِك َو ا ػَو ْك َو ايَو َو َّز‬

‫ي ِكام َو ا‬ ‫إِك ْكذا َو َوؿا ِك اا ْك ام َوَواي ا ِك اإِك ْكس ائِك اإِك ِّلِّنارس ُك ِك ِك‬
‫وؿاااَّزهاإاَوْك ُك ْكم ُك‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫َو ُك َو ْك َو َو َو َو َو ُك‬ ‫َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اج َو ُك ْكما ِك اْكَوػِّلػَو تا َو اُكواا ٰىَو َوذاا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااػَّزوراةا م ِّل اا ِك س ٍء‬
‫وؿايَوأْكِكِتام ْك ا ػَو ْكع‬
‫يااْسُكهُكا َو ْك َو ُك ا ۖ افَوػَو َّز َو‬
‫ْك‬ ‫ْك َو َو ُك َو ًن َو ُك‬
‫امِك ٌا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫س ْكحٌ ُك‬
61:6 And remember, Jesus the son of Mary, said: “O
Children of Israel! I am apostle of Allah to you, confirming the
Taurat (which came) before me and giving good news of a
messenger to come after me. His name will be Ahmad.” But
when he (Prophet Muhammad) came to them with clear
evidence, they said: “This is evident sorcery!”
Prophet Muhammad died at the age of sixty three. It
was during a period of twenty three years of his life as Allah‟s
Prophet, he received the divine revelation – the Quran – and
conveyed the same to the people.
Wahy – the mode of revelation of the Quran
The Quran reveals that Allah does not speak to man by
appearing before him. He communicates with man in three
ways namely, a) through wahy, b) behind a veil, and c) by
sending messenger (angel) with the message (Q. 42:51).
‫وح َو ا ِكِكإ ْكذاِكِكها‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ٍء‬
‫با َو ايػ ِكس ارس ًنوَلافَوػ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫م َو ِك‬
‫اك َوفااَو َو ٍء ا ْكَوفايُك َو ِّل َو هُكاااَّزهُكاإَّزَلا َو ْكحًن ا َوْك ام ْك ا َو َورا اح َوج ْك ُكْك َو َو ُك ُك‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫اح ٌام‬ ‫َوم ايَو َو ُكا ۚ اإاَّزهُكا َو َو‬
42:51 It is not fitting for man that Allah should speak to him
except by wahy or from behind a veil or by sending a
messenger to reveal with His permission what He wills. Verily,
He is high, wise.
Of these methods, it was through wahy the Quran was
revealed to Prophet Muhammad. Wahy was also the mode of
transmission of Scripture (Book) to all the prophets with the
exception of Prophet Moses. This is revealed through verses
4:163-164. The case of Prophet Moses will be discussed later.
‫وحا َوااَّزِكِّل َو ِكام ا ػَو ْكع ِكهِكا ۚ ا َو َوْك َوحْكػَو اإِك َو ٰىَلاإِك ْكػَوا ِك َوما‬
‫اك َو ا َوْك َوحْكػَو اإِك َو ٰىَلااُك ٍء‬
‫إِكاَّز ا َوْك َوحْكػَو اإِكاَوْك َو َو‬
‫سا َو َو ُكر َوفا َو ُكسَوْك َو َوفا ۚ ا‬ ‫إِك ْكْس ِك ا إِكسح َوؽا يػع ُكقوبا ْكاْل ِك ِك‬
‫وبا َو يُكواُك َو‬
‫َوسَو طا َو َو ٰى ا َو َويُّ َو‬ ‫َو َو َو َو ْك َو َو َو ْك َو َو ْك‬
ۚ
‫ل ُكه ْكما َو َوْك َو ا ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫لَو ُك ْكما َو َوْك َو ام ا َوػْك ا ُكر ُكس ًنَل َّز‬
‫ل ْك‬ ‫اَلْكااػَو ْكق ُك‬ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫ل ْك‬
‫ادا ُك َود َوازُك ًنوراا َو ُكر ُكس ًنَلا َو ْك ا َو َو‬
‫َوآ َوػْكػَو َو‬
‫وس ٰى ا َو ْك ِك ًن ا‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫َو َوكَّز َوماااَّزهُك ُك‬
4:163-164 Indeed We transmitted (the message) to you
(Prophet Muhammad) as We transmitted to Noah and the
messengers after him. We conveyed the message to Abraham,
Ismail, Isaac, Jacob, the descendants of Jacob, Jesus, Job,
Jonah, Harun, and Solomon. And We gave David the Zaboor.
We have already told you the story of some apostles and We
have not told you the story of other apostles. And Allah had
spoken to Moses.
Since the mode of transmission of divine revelations to
all prophets except Prophet Moses is the same, the process of
wahy described in the Quran for the transmission of the
Quranic messages to Prophet Muhammad is equally applicable
to other prophets as well.
Although it is through wahy the Quran was revealed to
Prophet Muhammad, the exact mechanism of this mode of
transmission is not understood. Allah reveals that the Quran
was sent down to Prophet Muhammad in the Night of Power
(Lailathil Qadir) in the month of Ramadan. But yet the whole
of the Quran was not available then. The verses of the Quran
were revealed intermittently over a period of about 23 years of

Prophet‟s life. How does this happen? There are such
unresolved issues regarding the revealation of the Quran.
‫تا ِكِكهافُكػ َو َواد َوؾا‬ ‫اح ًنةا ۚ َو ٰى ِك ِك‬ ‫َو َو َوؿاااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫اك َوذا َو ااُكثَوِّل َو‬ ‫اَجْكَو ًنا َو ِك َو‬ ‫اك َوفُك اااَو ْكوَوَلااػُكِّل َوؿا َو َوْك ِكهاااْك ُكق ْك ُك‬
‫آف ُك‬
‫ۖ ا َو َورػَّز ْكَو هُكا َوػ ْك ِك ًنا‬
‫َل‬
25:32 The unbelievers said: “Why is the Quran not sent down
to him (Prophet Muhammad) in full as one (single
revelation)?” It is like that (i.e., it is revealed in installments) to
strengthen your (faculty of) feeling with it and We have recited
it to you unhurriedly (in stages).
Scientific approach is required to understand the
processes involved in the transmission of divine messages
through wahy. It involves Al-Louh Mahfooz, Jibreel and human
biosystem (Prophet). Roles of all these players need to be
examined to bring clarity in our understanding of the process.
a) Al-Lauh Mahfooz – the Scripture Server

The Books Allah sent to the prophets at different times
of human history contained only Allah‟s instructions. They
were Allah‟s Words. This is made clear through the example of
the Quran.
‫اَج ع اااَّز ِكذيااَوهام ْك ااا َّز ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ُك اي ا َويػُّه اااَّز ساإِك ِّلِّنارس ُك ِك‬
‫ضا ۖ َواَلا‬‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ُك ُك ُك َو َو‬ ‫وؿاااَّزهاإِكاَوْك ُك ْكم َو ًن‬ ‫ُك َو ُك‬ ‫ْك َو َو‬
‫ااْل ِّلُكم اااَّز ِكذيايػ ِكم ا ِك اَّز ِكها َوكِك ِكهاِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫ُك ْك ُك‬ ‫َّزِب ْك ِّل‬ ‫تا ۖ افَوآمُكواا ِك اَّزها َو َور ُكسواهااا ِك ِّل‬ ‫م ُك‬ٙ‫اٗمِك ا َو ُك‬ ‫إِكاَوػٰىهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َوو ُكْك‬
‫َوا َّزِك ُكعوهُكااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َوػ ْكهَو ُك َواف‬
7:158 (O Muhammad) say: O people! To all of you, I am
messenger of Allah to whom belongs the dominion of the skies
and the earth; there is no God but He; He gives life and death.
So believe in Allah and His messenger, the unlettered Prophet
who believes in Allah and His Words. Follow him so that you
may attain (the right) guidance.
This verse makes it clear that the Quran is Allah‟s Word. It is

the guidance to the nation of Prophet Muhammad. Further
Allah informs that the Quran is kept preserved in Al-Lauh
Mahfooz.
‫اُم ُكف ٍء‬
‫وظا‬ ‫َو ْك ا ُك َووا ُكػ ْكآ ٌفا َّزِك ٌ ِكآتااَو ْكو ٍءح َّزْك‬
85:21-22 Nay, it is a Glorious Quran in a Guarded Tablet (Al-
Lauh Mahfooz).
Verses 85:21-22 indicate Al-Lauh Mahfooz as the source Book
where the Quran is kept with Allah. This is further indicated in
verses 2:1-2.
‫با ۛ افِك ِكها ۛ ا ُك ًن ااِّلْك ُك ِكَّزق َو ا‬
‫ب َواَل َواريْك َو‬
‫اَلااَوذا َو اااْك َو ُك‬
2:1-2 Alif Lam Meem. That is the Book. No doubt about it. It is
guidance to the God-conscious.
In these verses the abbreviation Alif Lam Meem is used to

indicate that source Book, Al-Lauh Mahfooz. There are twenty
nine chapters (surahs) in the Quran that begin with Arabic
letters singly or in combinations of two, three, four and five
letters. Chapters 38 (Saad), 50 (Qaaf) and 68 (Nun) start with
one letter (indicated in parentheses); chapters 20 (Taa Haa), 27
(Taa Seen), 36 (Yaa Seen), and 40, 41, 43, 44, 45 and 46 (Haa
Meem) start with two letters; chapters 2, 3, 29, 30, 31 and 32
(Alif Lam Meem), 10, 11, 12, 14 and 15 (Alif Lam Ra), 26 and
28 (Taa Seen Meem) with three letters; Chapters 7 (Alif Lam
Meem Sad) and 13 (Alif Lam Meem Ra) with four letters; and
chapters 19 (Kaaf Haa Yaa Ayn Saad) and 42 (Haa Meem Ayin
Seen Qaaf) with five letters. There is no clear understanding of
the significance of these letters. It may be noted that most of
the abbreviations mentioned are immediately followed by
verse(s) referring to either the source Book or the Quran. It is
particularly noteworthy that Alif Lam Meem comes at the
beginning of six chapters (2, 3, 29, 30, 31 and 32). Although in
two chapters (29 and 30) this abbreviation is not followed by a
verse mentioning the source Book or the Quran, the other four
chapters do indicate its relationship with it. Abbreviation Alif

Lam Meem (or ALM) offers clear hint that it stands for Al-
Lauh Mahfooz because the three letters Alif, Lam and Meem
are the first letters of the three Arabic words Al, Lauh and
Mahfooz. This inference is supported by verse 2:1 quoted
above which immediately after the abbreviation says “that is
the Book”. The word “that” (dhalika) is used here and not the
word “this” (haadha). If it were the word “this”, then the
abbreviation would be indicating the Quran. But since it is
“that”, the abbreviation indicates the source Book, Al-Lauh
Mahfooz. The abbreviation Alif Lam Meem can be explained
that way. It is from Al-Lauh Mahfooz, Allah‟s Scriptures were
sent to the prophets. Evidently verse 2:1 describes Al-Lauh
Mahfooz as the guidance Book for entire mankind. Other
abbreviations given below also signify the source Book from
which the Scriptures were sent to the prophets.
‫احَو ٌج ِكامْكهُكااِكُكػْك ِكذ َورا ِكِكها َو ِكذ ْككَو ٰى ااِكْك ُك ْك ِكمِك َو ا‬
‫اص ْك ِكرَوؾ َو‬ ‫با ُكاْك ِكَوؿاإِكاَوْك َو افَو َوَلايَو ُك ْك ِكآت َو‬
‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫ااصاكَو‬
7:1-2 Alif Lam Meem Sad. A Book sent to you. So let your
memory have no difficulty on that account. You warn (the
people) with this and it is a Reminder to the believers.
‫ااْلَو ِك ِكام‬
‫ب ْك‬ ‫تاااْك ِكَو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اا ا ۚ ا ْك َو اآيَو ُك‬
10:1 Alif Lam Ra. Those are the verses of the Book of
Wisdom.
‫اخِك ٍءا‬ ‫لَوت ِكام ااَو ُك ْكف ِك‬ ‫اا ا ۚ اكِك با ِك‬
‫اح ٍءم َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫اّتَّزافُك ِّل ْك ْك‬ ‫تاآيَو ُكهُك ُك‬
‫ُكح َو ْك‬ ‫َو ٌ ْك‬
11:1 Alif Lam Ra. A Book with verses of wisdom (that are)
explained subsequently, from Wise, All-Knowing (Allah)
‫باااْك ُك ِك ِك اإِكاَّز ا َواْكػَواْكَو هُكا ػُك ْكآاًن ا َو َوِكًّ ااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َوػ ْكع ِكقُك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫تاااْك ِكَو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اا ا ۚ ا ْك َو اآيَو ُك‬
12:1-2 Alif Lam Ra. Those are verses of the clear Book. We
have sent it (i.e., the Book) as a read in Arabic (i.e., the Quran)
to make you think (and learn).
Al-Lauh Mahfooz is also referred to in the Quran as
Kitab Maknoon (Q. 56:77-80), Ummul Kitab (Q. 13:38-39,
43:1-4) and Suhuf Mukarramah (Q. 80:11-16).
‫مَو ُّ هُكاإِكَّزَلاااْك ُك طَو َّزهُك َوفا َوػْك ِكي ٌ ِكام ْك َوار ِّل‬ٙ‫وف َواَل َوا‬
‫باااْك َوع اَو ِك َو ا‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬
‫بام ْك ُك ٍء‬ ‫إِكاَّزهُكااَو ُكق ْكآ ٌف َو‬
‫اك ِك ٌ ِكآتاكَو َو‬
56:77-80 That (this) is indeed a noble Quran in a Well-Guarded
Book (Kitab Maknoon), which none except the pure will touch
– a Revelation from the Lord of the Worlds.
‫اك َوفااِك س ٍء‬
‫وؿا َوفايَوأْكِكِتَوا ِكآيَوٍءا‬ ‫ام ا َوػْك ِك َو ا َو َوج َوع ْكَو َو‬
‫اج ا َو ذُكِّلريَّزًنا ۚ ا َو َوم َو َو ُك‬
‫اَلُك ْكما ْكَوزَو ًن‬ ‫َو اَو َوق ْك ا ْكَور َوس ْكَو ُكار ُكس ًنَل ِّل‬
‫تا ۖ ا ِك َو ها ُُّكـاااْك ِكَو ِك‬ ‫َوج ٍء اكِكَو َو‬ ‫ِك ِكِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ب ٌا‬ ‫ام ايَو َو ُكا َو يػُكثْكِك ُك َو ُك‬ ‫مْك ُكحواااَّزهُك َو‬ٙ‫باا‬ ‫إَّزَلا إ ْكذفاااَّزها ۗ اا ُك ِّلا َو‬
13:38-39 We had sent apostles before you and given them
wives and children. It is impossible for an apostle to bring a
revelation without Allah‟s permission. For each period there is
a Book. Allah deletes or retains what He wants. With Him is
the Mother of the Book (Ummul Kitab).
‫بااَو َو يْكػَو ااَو َوعِك ا‬
‫وفا إِكاَّزهُك ِكآتا ِّلُكـاااْك ِكَو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اج َوع ْكَو هُكا ُكػ ْكآاًن ا َو َو ًّ ااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َوػ ْكعقُك َو َو‬
‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫حما َوااْك َو باااْك ُك ِك اإاَّز َو‬
‫َوح ِك ٌماا‬
43:1-4 Ha-Mim - the clarifying Book. We have made it a read
in Arabic (the Quran) to make you think and understand. And
verily, it is in the Mother of the Book (Ummul Kitab), high (in
dignity) full of wisdom, with Us.
‫ياس َوفَوةٍءاكِكَو ٍءاـا ػَوَو َورةٍءا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫امطَو َّزهَوةٍءا أَويْك َو‬
‫ام ْكفُكو َو ُك‬
‫ام َو َّز َوم َو‬ ‫َوك َّزَلاإِكا َوػَّزه ا َوذْككَوةٌافَو َو ْك ا َو َواذَو َوكَوهُك ِكآت ُك‬
‫اص ُكح ُك‬
80:11-16 Nay, but verily it (the Quran) is an admonishment. So
whoever wills, let him pay attention to it. (It is) in Honoured
Records (Suhuf Mukarramah), exalted and purified, in the
hands of scribes (angels) noble and righteous.
It is evident from these verses that Al-Lauh Mahfooz, Kitab

Maknoon, Ummul Kitab and Suhuf Mukarramah refer to one
and the same source. It forms the common source of all the
Scriptures sent to the prophets by Allah. In other words, it
contains all the Books sent to the prophets at different times in
the history of mankind. Technically, therefore, Al-Lauh
Mahfooz can be described as Scripture Server. It may be
visualized as a sector in the divine Memory (see Fig. 7.2 in
chapter 7).
b) The process of wahy

It was rooh (program) Jibreel that transmitted Allah‟s
revelations – the Quran – to the mind of Prophet Muhammad
(Q. 2:97).
2:97 Say (O Muhammad!): Whoever is an enemy of Jibreel (a
rooh) that certainly it was that (Jibreel) which transmitted the
(revelation) onto your mind by Allah‟s order confirming the
(revelations) that came before it and as guidance and glad
tidings to the believers.
Jibreel is described in the Quran as rooh (program) and
not as malak (see chapter 9). Jibreel is referred to in the Quran
as Rooh-ul-Qudusi (Q. 2:87, 2:253 and 5:110) and Rooh-ul-
Ameen (Q. 26:193). In different verses it is stated that the
Quran was transmitted to the qalb (mind) of Prophet
Muhammad by Rooh-ul-Qudusi (Q. 16:102), Rooh-ul-Ameen
(Q. 26:193) or Jibreel (Q. 2:97). Further the Quran is also
described as rooh (Q. 40:15, 42:52). All these revelations about
rooh, Jibreel and Scripture are discussed in detail in chapter 9.
Allah reveals that the rooh is sent with angel (malak).
In other words, the malak serves as the carrier of rooh.
‫وف‬
16:2 He (Allah) sends down angels with rooh from His
(man) that: “There is no God but I (Allah); so you fear Me.”
‫ٰىاَو ِك ِك اااَّزهُكايَو ْك َوه ُك ِكاِبَو ا َواْكػَو َوؿاإِكاَوْك َو ا ۖ ا َواْكػَواَوهُكا ِكعِكْك ِك ِكها ۖ ا َوااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ُكايَو ْك َوه ُك َوفا ۚ ا َو َوك َوف ٰى ا ِك اَّز ِكها‬
‫َو ِكه ًن ا‬
4:166 But Allah bears witness for (the message) He sent to

you. He sent (the message) with His knowledge and the angels
bear witness (to that). But enough is Allah for a witness.
From these revelations it can be deduced that Allah sends down
an angel with the Book and the program Jibreel to the prophet.
That angel is also witness to that Book. The Book comes from
Al-Lauh Mahfooz. In computer parlance the process may be
visualized as downloading (nazzala) the Book from a faraway
Scripture Server (Al-Lauh Mahfooz) to the sadr of Prophet
Muhammad (Fig. 15.1).
Al-Lauh Mahfooz
(Scripture Server)
Downloading the
Book by malak
Sadr (Memory)
The down- The
loaded Book Quran
Transmission of
messages from
the downloaded
Book by Jibreel Saving the
transmitted
messages
Qalb
(Mind)
Fig. 15. 1 Mode of transmission (wahy) of divine messages (the Quran) to

Prophet Muhammad
Since both the Book and Jibreel are rooh, these can be
stored as biological information on the chromosomes of
biorobot system. The entire event had taken place in Lailathil
Qadr (Night of Power) in the month of Ramadan (Q. 44:1-6,
97:1-5), the month ordained by Allah for fasting (Q. 2:185).
‫امْك ِكذ ِكري َو افِك َوه ايػُك ْكفَو ُكؽ ُك‬

‫اك ُّا ْكَوم ٍء ا‬ ‫امَو َورَوك ٍءا ۚ اإِكاَّز ُك‬
‫اكَّز ُك‬
‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫حما َوااْك َو باااْك ُك ِك اإاَّز ا َواْكػَواْكَو هُك ِكآتااَوْكػَو ُك‬
‫ام ْك ِكسِك َو َوار ْك َو ًن ِكام ْك َوارِّل َو ا ۚ اإِكاَّزهُكا ُك َووااا َّز ِك ُكعاااْك َوعِك ُكماا‬
‫اكَّز ُك‬‫اام ْك ا ِكْك ِكاَو ا ۚ اإِكاَّز ُك‬‫ح ِك ٍءما َوم ِك‬
‫ْك ًن‬ ‫َو‬
44:1-6 Ha-Mim. The clear Book. We sent it down
(downloaded) in a blessed night. Indeed We have (ever) been
sender of warnings. In that (night) every wise order is made
distinct as command from Us. Verily We have been sender of
(apostles) as mercy from your Lord. Indeed He hears and
knows (all things).
The blessed night mentioned in verses 44:1-6 refers to Night of
Power (Lailathil Qadr) when Allah sends angels with rooh for
various affairs.
‫اخْكػٌ ِكام ْك ا َواْك ِك ا َو ْكه ٍء ا َوػَوػَّز ُكؿا‬‫ام ااَوْكػَو ُكاااْك َوق ْك ِكرااَوْكػَو ُكاااْك َوق ْك ِكر َو‬
‫إاَّز ا َواْكػَواْكَو هُك ِكآتااَوْكػَو اااْك َوق ْك ِكرا َو َوم ا ْكَود َور َواؾ َو‬
‫امطْكَو ِكعاااْك َوف ْكج ِك اا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ُكا َوااُّ ُكحافِك َوه ا ِكِكإ ْكذ ِكف َوارِّلِبِك ْكم ِكام ْك ُك‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّت َو‬
‫اس َوَل ٌـا َو َو‬ ‫اك ِّلا ْكَوم ٍء َو‬
97:1-5 We have indeed sent down (downloaded) this (Quran)
in the Night of Power. And what will explain to you what the
Night of Power is? The Night of Power is better than a
thousand months. The angels and rooh descend in that (night)
with the permission of their Lord for every affair. Peace, it is –
till the early dawn!
‫ت ِكام َو ْك‬
‫ااَلُكَو ٰى ا َوااْك ُكف ْك َو ِكفا ۚ افَو َو ْك ا‬ ‫آفا ًن ااِك َّز ِكسا ػِّلػَو ٍء‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫ض َوفاااَّزذيا ُكاْك ِكَوؿاف هاااْك ُكق ْك ُك ُك‬ ‫َو ْكهُك َوارَوم َو‬
‫ُكخَو ا ۗ ا‬ ‫اس َوف ٍء افَوع َّز ةٌام ْك ا َويَّز ٍءـا َو‬ ‫ام ِك ًن‬
‫يض ا َوْك ا َو َو ٰى َو‬ ‫اك َوف َو‬ ‫ل ْك هُكا ۖ ا َو َوم ْك َو‬ ‫َو ِكه َو امْك ُك ُكمااا ْك‬
‫َّزهَو افَوػ ْكَو ُك‬
‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫يُكِكي ُك اااَّزهُكا ُك ُكماااْكُك ْك َو ا َوَوَلايُكِكي ُك ا ُك ُكماااْك ُكع ْك َو ا َو اُك ْك ُكوااااْكع َّز َوةا َو اُك َو ِّلػُك ااااَّزهَوا َو َو ٰى َو‬
‫ام ا َو َو ُكاك ْكما‬
‫َو اَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َو ْك ُك ُك َواف‬
2:185 Ramadan is the month in which the Quran was sent
down (downloaded) as guidance to mankind and clear proofs
for guidance and criterion. So whoever among you is present in

that month, let him fast in it...”
The downloaded Book that is stored in Prophet‟s sadr serves as
the source of divine instructions and messages to be
transmitted to the mind of Prophet Muhammad. Prophet is
neither aware of the downloading of the Book to his memory
nor its contents. The prophet becomes aware of a message
contained in the Book only when it is transmitted from the
memory to his mind. It is this transmission that was carried out
by the program (rooh) Jibreel with the consent of Allah the
way He wanted.
2:97 Say (O Muhammad!): Whoever is an enemy of Jibreel,
(let him understand) that certainly it was that (Jibreel) which
transmitted the (revelation) onto your mind by Allah‟s
permission confirming the (revelations) that came before it and
as guidance and glad tidings to the believers.
The revelations were transmitted by Jibreel in Arabic,
the language of Prophet Muhammad.
‫إِكاَّز ا َواْكػَواْكَو هُكا ُكػ ْكآاًن ا َو َوِكًّ ااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َوػ ْكع ِكقُك َو‬
‫وفا‬
12:2 We have sent it (the Quran) as a read in Arabic to make
you think.
‫اَلم ِك‬ ‫وفا َو ُك ِك‬ ‫صَّزفْكػَو افِك ِكه ِكام َو اااْك َوو ِك ِكااَو َوعَّز ُكه ْكمايػَو ػ ُك‬ ‫ٰى ِك‬
‫اذ ْككًنا‬ ‫ث َوُك ْك‬
‫اٗم ُك‬‫َّزق َو ْك ْك‬ ‫َو َوك َوذا َو ا َواْكػَواْكَو هُكا ُكػ ْكآاًن ا َو َوِكًّ ا َو َو‬
20:113 Thus We sent it (the Quran) as a read in Arabic and
explained some of the warnings in it in detail so that they may
fear Allah or it may cause an awareness (of Him) in them.
‫وف ِكام َو اااْك ُك ْك ِكذ ِكري َو ا ِكِك َو ٍءفا‬
‫ااْل ِكَوم ُك ا َو َو ٰى ا َوػ ْكِك َو ااِكَو ُك َو‬
‫باااْك َوع اَو ِك َو ااػَوَو َوؿا ِكِكهاااُّ ُكح ْك‬
‫َو إِكاَّزهُكااَوَوػْك ِكي ُك َوار ِّل‬
‫امِك ٍء اا‬ ‫ِب ُك‬ ٍّ ‫َو َوِك‬
26:192-195 Verily this (Quran) is a revelation from the Lord of

the worlds. The Rooh-ul-Ameen (Jibreel) descended with it
(transmitted) onto your mind to make you one of the warners in
clear Arabic language.
‫وفا‬
‫َّزق َو‬ ‫ُكػ آاًن ا ِكًّ ا َو ػ ِك‬
‫اذيا ِك َوو ٍءجااَو َوعَّز ُكه ْكمايػَو ػ ُك‬ ‫ْك َو َو ْك َو‬
39:28 (This Quran is) a read in Arabic without crookedness in
order that they may fear Allah.
‫تاآيَو ُكهُكا ُكػ ْكآاًن ا َو َوِكًّ ااِكَوق ْكوٍءـايػَو ْكعَو ُك َو‬

‫وفا َو ِك ًناا َو اَو ِكذيًناا‬ ‫لَو ْك‬
‫بافُك ِّل‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫حما َوػْك ِكي ٌام َو اااَّز ْك ٰىَو ِك اااَّزح ِكماكَو‬
‫وفاا‬
‫َوكثَوػُك ُك ْكمافَوػ ُكه ْكم َواَلايَو ْك َو ُكع َو‬ ‫فَوأَو ْك َو َو‬
‫ضا ْك‬
41:1-4 Ha-Mim. (This is) a revelation from (Allah), Most
Merciful, Most Beneficent, a Book whose verses are described
as a read in Arabic for people who understand, conveying good
news and warning. Yet most of them turn away and they do not
listen.
‫تاآيَو ُكهُكا ۖ ا َوَو ْك َوج ِك ا َو َو َوِكِبا ۗ ا ُك ْك ا ُك َووااِكَّز ِكذي َو ا‬ ‫لَو ْك‬‫اج َوع ْكَو هُكا ُكػ ْكآاًن ا َو ْك َوج ِك ًّ ااَو َوق اُكواااَو ْكوَوَلافُك ِّل‬
‫َو اَو ْكو َو‬
‫وف ِكآتاآذَو ِكاِنِك ْكما َو ْكػٌ ا َو ُك َووا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما َو ًن ا ۚ ا ُك ٰىاَوئِك َو ا‬
‫َوآمُكواا ُك ًن ا َو ِك َوف ٌا ۖ ا َوااَّز ِكذي َو َواَلايػُك ْك ِكمُك َو‬
‫ام َو ٍءفا َوعِك ٍءا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫يػُكَو َود ْك َوفام ْك َو‬
41:44 Had We sent this (Quran) as a read in a language other
than Arabic, they would have said, “Why are not its verses
explained? What! (The Book) not in Arabic and (the apostle)
an Arab?” Say: “It is a guide and a healing to those who
believe; and in the ears of those who do not believe, there is
heaviness and it is a (kind of) blindness on them. (It is like)
they are being called from a far-off place.”
‫اج َوع ْكَو هُكا ُكػ ْكآاًن ا َو َوِكًّ ااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َوػ ْكع ِكقُك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫حما َوااْك َو باااْك ُك ِك اإاَّز َو‬
43:1-3 Ha-Mim – the clarifying Book. We have made it (the
Quran) a read in Arabic to make you think and understand.
In several verses relating to the process of revelation
already quoted, the word „nazala‟, „nazzala‟ or „anzala‟
meaning „sent down‟ is used. This word is generally translated
as implying “Jibreel descended with the Quranic verses each

time from Heaven”, which is wrong. The word is translated
here to mean the initial „downloading‟ of the Book by angel
from Al-Lauh Mahfooz to the sadr of Prophet Muhammad, and
also subsequent transmission of the messages contained in the
downloaded Book by Jibreel from Prophet‟s sadr to his mind.
Thus two stages can be distinguished in the process of wahy.
The prophet receives a message as and when Jibreel
transmits it from the Book (downloaded from Al-Lauh Mahfooz
to his sadr) to his qalb (mind). The transmission has taken
place at intervals.
‫آفا َوػْك ِك ًنيَلا‬ ‫إِكاَّز َوْك‬
‫اْم ُك ااػَوَّزاْكَو ا َو َوْك َو اااْك ُكق ْك َو‬
76:23 It is We who sent down the Quran in stages.
Allah also asks Prophet Muhammad not to be in haste to get
the message implying that its transmission by Jibreel to his
mind will be in accordance with Allah‟s wishes.
‫ض ٰى اإِكاَوْك َو ا َو ْكحُكهُكا ۖ ا َو ُك ْك ا‬ ‫ااْل ُّقا ۗ ا َوَلا َوػعج ا ِك اْك ُكق ِك ِك‬ ‫فَوػ ػع َوَلاااَّزهاااْك ِك‬
‫آفام ْك ا َوػْك ِك ا ْكَوفايػُك ْكق َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو ْك ْك‬ ‫ُك ْكَو‬ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫ر ِّل ِك ِك ِك‬
‫بازْكدِّنا ْك ًن‬ ‫َو‬
20:114 High above all is Allah, the true King! You should not
be in haste with the Quran before its message is transmitted to
you as programmed (by Allah) and say: “O my Lord! Increase
my knowledge.”
It is not known with certainty which verse(s) is the first
and which is the last to be revealed. There are several views on
this issue.
Prophet becomes aware of a verse on its transmission to
his mind. Simultaneously the message will also get saved
(stored) in his memory as is the case with any information
received by the mind. Hence Prophet will be able to retrieve it
from his sadr. Such an inference can be drawn from the
following verse in which Allah asks Prophet Muhammad to
recite what is transmitted (oohiya) by Jibreel from the

downloaded Book.
‫ِّلؿااِك َو ِك ِكِكها اَو َوِك‬
‫اَت َو ِكام ِكِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ام ْكَو َوح ًن ا‬
‫اد اه ُك‬
‫ُك‬ ‫امَو َو َو َو‬ ‫ام ا ُك ح َو اإاَوْك َو ام اكَو ب َوارِّل َو ا ۖ َواَل ُك‬
‫َوا ْك ُك َو‬
18:27 And you (Prophet Muhammad) recite what is transmitted
to you from the Book (downloaded from Al-Lauh Mahfooz) of
your Lord. None can alter His Words and you will not find a
refuge besides Him.
Technically recitation involves retrieval of the verses
from the memory to mind as and when Prophet desires. It is
also stated in the Quran that Prophet will not forget any verse
transmitted to him. However, if Allah wants the prophet to
forget any verse, he will forget it. That means such verses will
be deleted from his sadr (memory) by Jibreel.
‫ا٘مْك َوف ٰى اا‬ ‫ام ا َو َواااَّزهُكا ۚ اإِكاَّزهُكايػَو ْكعَو ُكم ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ْكهَو ا َو َوم َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوسُكػ ْكق ِكئُك َو افَو َوَلا َوػْك َو ٰى اإَّزَل َو‬
87:6-7 We will recite to you, so you will not forget except what
Allah wants. Verily, He knows what is open and what is
hidden.
Such situation arises, for instance, if Satan conveys wrong
messages to Prophet Muhammad. This has happened to earlier
prophets also. Consider the following.
‫ااَتَوَّز ٰىَنا َواْك َوق ااا َّز ْكطَو ُكف ِكآتا ْكُكمِكَّزِك ِكهافَوػَوػْك َو ُكخاااَّزهُكا‬
‫ِباإِكَّزَلاإِكذَو َو‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
ٍّ ‫َو َوم ا ْكَور َوس ْكَو ام ْك ا َوػْك َو ام ْك َوار ُكسوؿا َوَوَلااَوِك‬
‫اح ِك ٌام‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫اّتَّز ُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اٗم ُكماااَّزهُكاآيَو ها ۗ ا َوااَّزهُكا َو ٌم َو‬ ‫َوم ايػُكْكق ااا َّز ْكطَو ُكف ُك ْك‬
22:52 Never did We send before you (Prophet Muhammad)
an apostle or a prophet but when he recited (a revelation), the
Satan would put (evil suggestion) into what he recited. But
Allah removes what the Satan put in; then Allah establishes His
revelations. And Allah is All-Knowing, Wise.
The statement “Then Allah establishes His revelations” given
in the above verse indicates deletion of satanic messages and
saving (storing) the true revelations in the sadr of the Prophet.
Similar inferences can be made from other verses also.
‫اَت ُك ااَو َو ا ِكِكها َو َوْكػَو ا َوكِك ًنَلاا‬ ‫َبا ِك اَّز ِكذيا َوْك َوحْكػَو اإِكاَوْك َو ُك‬
‫اّتَّز َواَل َوِك‬ ‫َو اَوئِك ْك ا ِك ْكئػَو ااَوَو ْكذ َو َو َّز‬
17:86 If We wish, We would have taken away what We have
transmitted to you (the Quran). Then you will not find any
guardian for it against Us.
The verse indicates that if Allah so wishes, the revelations
saved in the sadr (memory) of Prophet Muhammad would be
deleted. If Allah wants to substitute any revelation, that would
also be done.
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَوا َو َو ٰى ُك‬ ‫ت ِكاِبَوْكٍء ِكامْكػ َوه ا َوْك ِكامثْكِك َوه ا ۗ ا َو‬
‫َوَلْكا َوػ ْكعَو ْكما َّز‬ ‫م ااػَوْك خ ِكام اآي ٍءا َو ااػُكْك ِك ه ااَوأْك ِك‬
‫َو َو ْك ْك َو ْك َو‬
‫َو ِكيٌا‬
2:106 None of Our revelations do We abrogate or cause to be
forgotten, but We substitute something better or similar. Do
you not know Allah has power over all things?
All these tasks are carried out by rooh Jibreel in accordance
with the wish of Allah.
As already mentioned, what Jibreel transmits from the
downloaded Book onto the qalb of Prophet is not verbatim.
The message will be so worded to suit the context and the way
Allah wants it to be conveyed to the prophet. It is these
messages that form the verses of the Quran. In this way the
mode of transmission of Scripture to Allah‟s prophets can be
explained based on the computer model.
The Quran contains all the messages of the downloaded
Book but conveyed in a different version to suit the context.
We find in the Quran instructions on religious matters (Islam),
stories of earlier prophets, verses of scientific import, verses of
wisdom (hikmat), explanatory verses, instructions and
warnings to Prophet Muhammad, instructions to the people of
Prophet Muhammad‟s time, special instructions to the wives of
Prophet Muhammad, messages relating to future aspects, etc.
The messages in most cases are given in spoken style and
befitting to the contexts. We also find verses mentioning Allah
in first person as well as in third person, repetition of the same

message, and several other extraordinary features. All these
characteristics do suggest that the Quran is not verbatim
transmission of the messages contained in the original Book
downloaded from Al-Lauh Mahfooz. Consider the following
verses.
‫اٖمَو ِك ُك اا ِكأ ْكَوم َوو ِكاَلِك ْكما َو َواْكػ ُكف ِك ِكه ْكم ِكآتا‬
‫وؿاااَّز ِكها َو َوك ِكُك واا ْكَوف ُك‬
‫ؼارس ِك‬ ‫فَو ِكحاااْك خَّز ُكف َو ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫وفاِبَوْكق َوع ْكماخ َوَل َو َو ُك‬ ‫َو ُك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ااَلا َوػْكف ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك َّز‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ُّاحًّاا ۚ ااَو ْكو َو‬
‫اك اُكواايػَو ْكف َوق ُكه َو‬ ‫َّزما َو َو َو‬ ‫ااْلَوِّل ا ۗ ا ُك ْك ااَو ُكر َو‬
‫اج َوه َو‬ ‫اآت ْك‬ ‫َوس ِك ااا ها َو َو اُكو َو ُك‬
‫اك اُكواايَو ْك ِك ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ااجَوا ًن ِكاِبَو َو‬ ‫ضح ُك واا َوِك ًنَلا اْك ُك و َو ِك‬
‫ااكث ًن َو‬ ‫َو َوْك‬ ‫فَوػ ْكَو ْك َو‬
9:81-82 Those who stayed back (without going to war) rejoiced
in their sitting against (the instructions of) the messenger of
Allah. They hated to fight (i.e., jihad) with their wealth and
their bodies in the cause of Allah. They also told (the others),
“Do not set out (to war) in this heat.” (O Muhammad! You) tell
them: “The fire of Hell is the severest in heat.” If only they
could understand! Let them laugh a little and weep more, a
recompense for what they have been earning.
This message was revealed during a war. It cannot be
considered as the original version of the message contained in
the Book downloaded from Al-Lauh Mahfooz but the message
was so worded by Jibreel as to suit the war context.
When people approached Prophet Muhammad asking
him to convey message other than the Quran or modify the
Quranic revelation, Jibreel transmitted the following verses
warning him of severe punishment if he does any such thing.
‫تا ِكُكق ٍء‬
‫آفا َو ْكِك ا ٰىَو َوذاا َوْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫تا ۙ ا َو َوؿاااَّز ِكذي َواَلايػ ج َو ِك‬ ‫إِكذَواا ػُكْكػَو ا َو ِكهماآي ػُكَو ا ػِّلػَو ٍء‬
‫وفاا َوق َواَو اائْك ْك‬ ‫َو َوْك ُك‬ ‫ٰى َو ْك ْك َو َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ِك‬ ۖ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ۖ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ۚ
‫ِلا اإ ِّلِّنا‬ ‫وح ٰى اإ َوَّز‬
‫ام ايُك َو‬‫وفاِلا ْكَوفا ُكَو ِّل اَوهُكام ْك ا ْك َوق ااػَو ْكف ا اإ ْكفا َوَّز ُكعاإَل َو‬ ‫ام ايَو ُك ُك‬
‫َو ِّل اْكهُكا ا ُك ْك َو‬
‫ابايػَو ْكوٍءـا َو ِكظ ٍءام‬
‫ت َوارِّلِبا َو َوذ َو‬‫لْك ُك‬ ‫ؼاإِك ْكفا َو َو‬ ‫َوخ ُك‬
‫َو‬
10:15 But when Our clear verses (the Quran) are recited to
them, those who do not anticipate meeting with Us would say:
“Bring a Quran other than this or alter this.” Say: “I (Prophet
Muhammad) cannot change it on my own accord. I only follow
what is conveyed (the Quran) to me. Indeed I fear the penalty

of a great Day if I disobey my Lord.”
‫اخِك ًنَلا‬
‫ااَل َّزَّتَو ُكذ َوؾ َو‬
‫يا َو َوْكػَو ا َوْكػَوهُكا ۖ ا َو إِكذًن َو‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫َّز ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك ُكد اااَوَوػ ْكف ُكواَو َو ا َو ِك اااذيا َوْك َوحْكػَو اإاَوْك َو ااَوػ ْكف َو َو‬ ‫َو إِك ْكف َو‬
‫ااْلَوَو ةِكا َو ِكض ْكع َو ا‬
‫اض ْكع َو ْك‬ ‫تا َوػ ْكَوك ُك اإِكاَوْك ِكه ْكما َو ْكئًن ا َوِك ًنَلاإِك ًنذ َو‬
‫ااْلَو َوذ ْكػَو َوؾ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو اَو ْكوَوَلا ْكَوفاثػَوَّزْكػَو َوؾااَو َوق ْك اك ْك َو‬
‫ل ًنااا‬ ‫اَت ُك ااَو َو ا َو ػَو ااَو ِك‬ ‫اّتَّز َواَل َوِك‬
‫ت ُك‬‫ااْك ِك‬
‫َو ْك‬ ‫َو َو‬
17:73-75 They are almost ready to put you (Prophet
Muhammad) in trouble over what We had transmitted (the
Quran) to you (by asking) you to fabricate in Our name
something other (than the Quran) in which case they will
accept you as a friend. And had We not made you stand firm,
you would have certainly swayed a little towards them. In that
case We would have made you taste double (punishment) in
this life and double (punishment) at death. Thereafter, you
would not have found anyone to defend you against Us!
These verses are transmitted by Jibreel in such a way as to
convey Allah‟s warnings to Prophet Muhammad if he conveys
any message other than the Quran or different from the Quran.
The verses cannot be considered as verbatim transmission of
messages from the Book downloaded from Al-Lauh Mahfooz.
The verses are a clear indication of how Jibreel transmits the
divine messages as warranted by the occasion.
When Prophet Muhammad instructed his wives
differently from the Quran, Jibreel transmitted a verse worded
in such a way as to caution Prophet Muhammad (Q. 66:1).
‫ور َوارِكح ٌما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ي ا َويػُّه ااا ِك ِك‬
ٌ ‫تا ْكَوزَواج َو ا ۚ ا َوااَّزهُكا َو ُكف‬
‫ض َو‬ ‫َوح َّزاااَّزهُكااَو َو ا ۖ ا َوػْكَوغ َو‬
‫ام ْك َو‬ ‫ام ا َو‬
‫َّزِباَلَوا ُكَوِّل ُكـ َو‬
ُّ ‫َو َو‬
66:1 O Prophet (Muhammad)! Why do you forbid what
Allah has made lawful to you? You seek the pleasure of your
wives. But Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Consider another verse:
‫َو ا ۚ افَوػ َووِّلؿا َو ْكج َوه َو ا َو طْكَو ا‬ ‫با َو ْكج ِكه َو ِكآتااا َّز َو ا ۖ افَوػَوُكػ َوواِّلَوػَّز َو ا ْكػَو ًنا َوػ ْك َو‬
‫ض‬ ُّ
‫َو ْك ااػَوَو ٰى ا َوػ َوق َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ااْك َو ْك ِكج ِك ْك‬
‫با‬‫ۗ ا َو إ َّزفاااَّزذي َو ا ُك ُكوااااْك َو َو‬ ‫اكْكُك ْكمافَوػ َوواُّواا ُك ُكجوَو ُك ْكما َو طْكَوهُكا‬‫ام ُك‬‫ث َو‬‫ااْلَوَو ِكاـا ۚ ا َو َوحْك ُك‬
‫ااْلَو ُّق ِكام ْك َوارِّلِبِك ْكما ۗ ا َو َوم اااَّزهُكا ِكغَو فِك ٍء ا َو َّز ايػَو ْكع َو ُك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫وفا َواَّزهُك ْك‬
‫اَوَوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬
2:144 We see you (O Prophet Muhammad!) turning your face
towards the sky (for guidance). So We will turn you to a
direction (qibla) pleasing to you. You turn your face in the
direction of the Masjid-al-haram. Wherever you are, turn your
faces in its direction. The People of the Book certainly know
that it is the truth from their Lord. And Allah is not unmindful
of what they do.
Allah made the Sacred Mosque (Masjid-al-haram) in Makkah
as the direction (qibla) for Muslims. Allah ordained this
direction when He saw Prophet Muhammad turning his face
towards the sky for guidance from Him in this regard. The
verse reveals that Allah‟s instruction regarding the qibla came
on such an occasion. Clearly Jibreel conveyed the message so
worded.
The Quran is replete with such verses. Evidently, rooh
Jibreel transmitted the messages from the downloaded Book as
Allah wished. The name Rooh-ul-Qudusi describes Jibreel as
„holy rooh‟. Rooh-ul-Ameen describes Jibreel as the „trusted
rooh‟. These names are suggestive of the fact that Jibreel
transmitted Allah‟s messages from the downloaded Book to the
mind of Prophet Muhammad the way Allah wants it to convey
them. In other words, the program Jibreel is so designed by
Allah as to operate the way Allah wishes. Thus it becomes
Allah‟s mouthpiece by transmitting Allah‟s messages to the
prophet‟s mind the way Allah wants. Therefore, the Quran is
Allah‟s Word.
Although verses 4:163-164 (quoted earlier) indicate that
the mode of transmission of the Scripture to all the prophets is
the same, there is one exception to this rule – the case of
Prophet Moses. The verses also mention that Allah had spoken
to Prophet Moses. Further, verses 7:144-145 not only mention

about Allah‟s conversation with Prophet Moses but also reveal
that the Scripture Taurat was transmitted directly to Prophet
Moses in written form on tablets.
‫ام اآ َوػْكُك َو ا َو ُكك ْك ِكام َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااصطَوَوفْكُك َو ا َو َو اااَّز ِكسا ِك َوس َوَلِكِتا َو ِك َو َوَلم افَو ُكخ ْكذ َو‬ ‫وس ٰى اإِك ِّلِّن ْك‬ ‫ام َو‬‫َو َوؿايَو ُك‬
‫ل ًنَلااِك ُك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء افَو ُكخ ْكذ َو ا ِكُكق َّزوةٍءا‬ ‫اك ِّلا َو ٍء امو ِكظَو ًنا َوػ ْكف ِك‬
‫ااْلَواْك َوو ِكاحام ْك ُك ْك َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫اا َّز كِك ِكي َوا ۚ ا َو َوكَوْكػَو ااَوهُك ِكآت ْك‬
‫اد َواراااْك َوف ِكس ِكق َو اا‬
‫اسأ ِكُكري ُك ْكم َو‬
‫ْكم ا َوػوم َو ايأْكخ ُكذ اا ِكأ ِك‬
‫َوح َو َوه ا ۚ َو‬
‫ْك‬ ‫َو ُك ْك ْك َو َو ُك‬
7:144-145 Allah said: O Moses! I have chosen you over (all
other) human beings with My message and with my
conversation. So take what I have given you and be among the
grateful. And We wrote (i.e., the Taurat) for him in the tablets
instructions and explanations about all matters, (and We told
him:) You hold on to them firmly and enjoin your people to
accept its excellent content. I will show you afterwards the
home of the wicked.
Besides Prophets, there are a few others mentioned in
the Quran with whom Allah had communicated through wahy.
‫تا َو َوْك ِكهافَوأَواْك ِكق ِكه ِكآتاااْكَو ِّلما َوَوَل َو‬

‫اَّتَو ِكٓتا َوَوَلا َوْك َوِكِّنا‬ ‫َو ح ػَو اإِك َو ٰىَلا ِّلُكـاموس ا ْكَوفا َور ِكضعِك ِكها ۖ افَوِكإذَو ِك‬
‫ااخ ْكف ِك‬
‫ُك َو ٰى ْك‬ ‫َو ْك َو ْك‬
‫ۖ اإِكاَّز َوار ُّاد هُكاإِكاَوْك ا َو َوج ُكوهُكام َو اااْك ُك ْك َوس َوا‬
28:7 So We transmitted message to the mother of Moses:
“Suckle (your child). But if you have fears about him, put him
(i.e., infant Moses) into the sea, and do not fear or grieve. We
will bring him back to you and We will make him one of Our
apostles.”
‫وتافَو ْك ِكذفِك ِكه ِكآتاااْكَو ِّلمافَوػ ْكُكػ ْك ِكق ِكهاااْكَو ُّما ِك ا َّز ِكح ِك ا‬
‫إِك ْكذا َو ح ػَو اإِك َو ٰىَلا ِّلُكم ام ايوح ا ِكَوفاا ْك ِكذفِك ِكه ِكآتاااَّز ِك‬
‫ُك‬ ‫َو َو ُك َو ٰى‬ ‫ْك َو ْك‬
‫لَو َوعا َو َو ٰى ا َوْك ِك اا‬ ‫اُمَوَّز ًنام ِّل ا َو اُك ْك‬ ‫يَوأْك ُكخ ْكذهُكا َو ُك ِكاِلا َو َو ُك ااَوهُكا ۚ ا َو َواْك َوقْك ُك‬
‫تا َو َوْك َو َو‬
20:38-39 When We transmitted to your (Prophet Moses)
mother what was to be transmitted (to her): “Place him (i.e.,
infant Moses) in the box and put it (i.e., the box with baby) in
the sea. The sea will bring it to the coast and (from there) an
enemy of Mine and an enemy of his (i.e., Moses‟) will take it.
And I gave you (i.e., Moses) love from Me in order to bring
you up before My eye (i.e., under My special care).”
‫ااِبا َو ِكَو ُكس ِكوِلا َو اُكو َو‬
‫ااآمَّز ا َوا ْك َوه ْك ا أَواػَّزَو ُك‬
‫ااْلو ِكاريِّل ا ْكَوف ِك‬
‫اآمُكو ِك‬ ‫تاإِك َوَل ْكَوَو َو‬
‫َو إِك ْكذا َوْك َوحْك ُك‬
5:111 And behold, I transmitted (the message) to the disciples
(of Jesus) to believe in Me and in My messenger. They said:
We believe and You bear witness that we are Muslims.
In these cases also, transmission is mentioned as wahy. It may
also be through rooh although it is not possible to say whether
Jibreel is involved.
The word wahy is also used to indicate instructions
conveyed to other organisms also.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫يام ْكِك ِك‬ ‫ِك َّزِك ِك ِك‬
‫َّزج ِك ا َوِمَّز ايػَو ْكع ِك ُك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ااْلَو ؿا ػُكُكوًن ا َو م َو ااا َو‬ ‫َّزح ِك ا َوفااَّتذ َو‬ ‫َو َوْك َوح ٰى َوارُّ َو اإِك َوَلااا ْك‬
‫اُمْكَوِك ٌ ا‬
‫اب ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اتافَو سُك ِك اس ارِّل ِك اذُكاُك ًنَلا ۚ َو ِك‬
ٌ ‫ا٘مْكُك ُكجام ْك ا ُكطُكوِنَو ا َو َو‬ ‫ُك ُك َو َو‬ ‫ْك‬
‫اك ام ْك ُك َو َو‬
‫ُكّتَّز ُك ِك ِك‬
‫َواْك َووااُكهُكافِك ِكها ِك َوف ٌااِك َّز ِكسا ۗ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َو َواْليَو ًنااِكَوق ْكوٍءـايػَوَوػ َوف َّز ُك َوفاا‬
16:68-69 And your Lord transmitted (instructions) to the
honeybee to build hives in the mountains, on trees, and in
man‟s high structures; then to eat from all kinds of produce and
freely enter the paths of your Lord. A drink of varying colours
comes out of their abdomen. It has medicinal value for
mankind. Verily in this is a sign for people who think.
The term „awha‟ in this case refers to the divine instructions
about building hives and production of honey, which are
available in the biosoftware (rooh) of the honeybee itself.
Hence, this is not comparable with the wahy to human beings.
Another mode of divine communication is behind a
veil. The Quran reveals that Allah had spoken to Prophet
Moses directly. Since Prophet Moses did not and could not see
Allah, the conversation would have taken place behind a veil.
‫ِك‬ ‫لَو ُك ْكما َو َوْك َو ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ُكا َو ُكر ُكس ًنَل َو‬
‫وس ٰى ا َو ْك ًن‬ ‫ل ُكه ْكما َو َوْك َو ا ۚ ا َو َوكَّز َوماااَّزهُك ُك‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫ل ْك‬
‫اَلْكااَوػ ْكق ُك‬ ‫ل ْك‬
‫َو ُكر ُكس ًنَلا َو ْك ا َو َو‬
4:164 We have already told you the story of some apostles

and We have not told you the story of other apostles. And
Allah had spoken to Moses.
‫با ِكَورِكِّنا َواْكظُكْك اإِكاَوْك َو ا ۚ ا َو َوؿااَو ْك ا َوػَو ِكاِّنا َو ٰىاَو ِك ِك ا‬ ‫وس ٰى ااِك ِك َوق ِكَو ا َو َوكَّز َو هُك َوارُّهُكا َو َوؿ َوار ِّل‬
‫ام َو‬
‫اج َو ُك‬
‫َو اَو َّز َو‬
‫اد ًّك ا َو َوخَّز ا‬ ‫اَتَوَّز ٰى َوارُّهُكاا ْك َوجَو ِك َو‬
‫اج َوعَوهُك َو‬ ‫ؼا َوػَو ِكاِّنا ۚ افَوػَو َّز َو‬ ‫ام َو اَوهُكافَو َو ْكو َو‬ ‫ااْلَوَو ِك افَوِكإف ْك‬
‫ااسَوػ َوقَّز َو‬ ‫ااْكظُكْك اإِك َوَل ْك‬
‫وس ٰى ا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫اصعِك ًنق ا ۚ افَوػَو َّز ا َوفَو َوؽا َو َوؿاسْكح اَو َو ا ػُكْك ُك ِك‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫تاإاَوْك َو ا َو َواَو ا َوَّز ُكؿاااْك ُك ْك م َو ا َو َوؿايَو ُك‬ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫وس ٰى َو‬ ‫ُكم َو‬
‫ام اآ َوػْكُك َو ا َو ُكك ْك ِكام َو ااا َّز كِك ِكي َو ا َو َوكَوْكػَو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااصطَوَوفْكُك َو ا َو َو اااَّز ِكسا ِك َوس َوَلِكِتا َو ِك َو َوَلم افَو ُكخ ْكذ َو‬ ‫إِك ِّلِّن ْك‬
‫ل ًنَلااِك ُك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء افَو ُكخ ْكذ َو ا ِكُكق َّزوةٍءا َو ُكْكم ْك ا َوػ ْكوَوم َو ا‬ ‫اك ِّلا َو ٍء امو ِكظَو ًنا َوػ ْكف ِك‬
‫ااْلَواْك َوو ِكاحام ْك ُك ْك َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫اَوهُك ِكآت ْك‬
‫اد َواراااْك َوف ِكس ِكق َو اا‬ ‫اسأ ِكُكري ُك ْكم َو‬
‫يأْكخ ُكذ اا ِكأ ِك‬
‫َوح َو َوه ا ۚ َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َو ُك‬
7:143-145 When Moses came to Our place of appointment and
his Lord spoke to him, He said: O my Lord! Show me (Your
real self) and let me look at You. Allah said: You cannot see
Me but you look towards that mountain. If it remains firm in its
place, then you will see Me. When his Lord made Himself
manifest on the mountain, it (i.e., the mountain) became
powder and Moses collapsed in a swoon. When he recovered
his senses, he said: Glory be to You! I turn to You in
repentance and I am the foremost among the believers. Allah
said: O Moses! I have chosen you over (all other) human
beings with My message and with my conversation. So take
what I have given you and be among the grateful. And We
wrote (i.e., the Taurat) for him in the tablets instructions and
explanations about all matters, (and We told him:) You hold on
to them firmly and enjoin your people to accept its excellent
content. I will show you afterwards the home of the wicked.
A third method of divine communication with human
beings is via angel. There are several instances cited in the
Quran in which Allah sent messengers (angels) to convey
messages.
‫اس َوَل ٌـا ۖ افَو َو ااَوِك َو‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬

‫اج َوا‬
‫ثا ْكَوف َو‬ ‫ااس َوَل ًنم ا ۖ ا َو َوؿ َو‬
‫ت ُكار ُكسُكَو اإ ْكػَوا َوما اْكُك ْك َو ٰى ا َو اُكو َو‬‫اج َو ْك‬ ‫َو اَو َوق ْك َو‬
‫اخ َوف ًنا ۚ ا َو اُكو َو‬
‫ااَلا‬ ‫ل اإِكاَو ِكهااَو ِك ما َو جس ِكامْكػهم ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكعِكج ٍء ِك ٍء‬
‫اح ذافَوػَو َّز َوارَو ٰى ا َويْك يػَو ُكه ْكم َواَلا َو ُك ْك َو ُك ْك َو ْك َو َو ُك ْك‬ ‫ْك َو‬
‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوَّتَو ْك اإِكاَّز ا ْكُكرس ْكَو اإ َو ٰىَلا َوػ ْكوـااُكوطاا‬
‫ِك‬
11:69-70 There came Our messengers (angels) to Abraham
with glad tidings. They said: Peace! He answered: Peace! And
hastened to treat them to a roasted calf. But when he saw that
they did not extend their hands towards it (meal, he got scared);
he concealed his fear about them. They said: Do not fear; we
have been sent against the people of Lut.
‫مْكَوػُك َوفا‬ٙ‫اك اُكواافِك ِكه َوا‬ ‫وفا َو َوؿاإِكاَّز ُك ما َوػوـامْك َو َوفا َو اُكواا ِك‬
‫اجْكئػَو َوؾ ِكاِبَو َو‬ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫ْك ْك ٌ ُك ُك‬
‫اآؿااُك ٍء‬
‫وطاااْك ُك ْك َوسُك َو‬ ‫اج َو َو‬ ‫فَوػَو َّز َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ل ِكد ُك َو‬
‫تا‬ ‫َوس ِك ا ِكأَو ْك َو ا ِكقطْك ٍءعام َو اااَّزْك ِك ا َوا َّزِك ْكعا ْكَود َو َورُك ْكما َوَوَلايػَوْكَوف ْك‬ ‫وفافَوأ ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َوَوػْكػَو َوؾا ْكْلَو ِّلقا َو إِكاَّز ااَو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫َوف َو ِك‬ ‫ضْكػَو اإِكاَوْك ِكها ٰىذَواِك َو ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَومَو ا َّز‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وعا‬
ٌ ‫ام ْكقطُك‬‫ادا َو ا ٰىَو ُكَوَل َو‬ ‫ثا ُكػ ْك َومُك َوفا َو َو َو‬
‫ااحْك ُك‬
‫ضو َو‬ ‫َوح ٌ ا َو ْكام ُك‬ ‫مْك ُك ْكما َو‬
‫لِك ِكح َو ا‬
‫ُكم ْك‬
15:61-66 And when the messengers (i.e., angels) came to Lut‟s
family, (Lut) said: You are certainly strangers (to us). They
(i.e., the angels) said: Yea, we have come to you with (the
punishment) they (i.e., the rejecters) are in doubt. We have
come to you with the truth and certainly we are telling truth.
Therefore you travel by night with your followers just before
dawn and you (i.e., Lut) be in the rear following them. And
none of you should look back but walk to the place where you
are ordered to go. And We revealed to him the decree that the
base of those (rejecters) will be cut off by the morning.
‫اصطَوَوف ِكؾا َو َو ٰى ااِك َو ِك اااْك َوع اَو ِك َوا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك َوُكاإِك َّزفاااَّزهَو ْك‬
‫ااصطَوَوف ؾا َو طَو َّزهَوؾا َو ْك‬
‫َو إ ْكذا َو اَوتاااْك َو َوَلئ َو ُكايَو َو‬
3:42 Behold! The angels said: O Mary! Allah has chosen
you and purified you and selected you above the women in the
world.
In these cases, Allah‟s messages were conveyed to the persons
concerned through angel. The angel appears before the person
concerned and conveys the message to him.
The modes of transmission of divine messages do not

involve meeting with Allah by the prophet. Except for the
behind veil conversation, other modes of transmission of divine
message are indirect – through agents. Neverthelss the
transmission of the message takes place the way Allah wanted
it to be conveyed.
The Quran – divine guidance to the people of
Prophet Muhammad
Muhammadan era is the final era till the end of this
world. The Quran is the divine guidance prescribed for that era.
Clearly therefore Allah‟s commandments in the Quran form the
basis for testing the people of Prophet Muhammad. It is the
Quran that Prophet Muhammad propagated and followed. And
it is the Quran the world should follow.
‫ضا ۖ َواَلاإِكٰىاَوهَوا‬ ‫اَج ع اااَّز ِكذيااَوهام ْك ااا َّز ِك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ُك اي ا َويػُّه اااَّز ساإِك ِّلِّنارس ُك ِك‬
‫اتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ُك ُك ُك َو َو‬ ‫وؿاااَّزهاإِكاَوْك ُك ْكم َو ًن‬ ‫ُك َو ُك‬ ‫ْك َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫َّز‬
‫ااْل ِّلُكم ِّل اااذيايػُك ْك م ُك ا ا ها َو َوك َو ها َوا َّز ُكعوهُكا‬
‫َّزِب ْك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬
‫تا افَوآمُكواا ا ها َو َور ُكسواهااا ِّل‬ ۖ ‫ِك‬
‫م ُك‬ٙ‫اٗم ا َو ُك‬ ‫إِكَّزَلا ُك َوو ُكْك‬
‫اَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َوػ ْكهَو ُك َواف‬
7:158 (O Muhammad) say: “O people! To all of you, I am
messenger of Allah to whom belongs the dominion of the skies
and the earth; there is no God but He; He gives life and death.
So believe in Allah and His messenger, the unlettered Prophet
who believes in Allah and His words. Follow him so that you
may attain (the right) guidance.”
‫احَو ٌج ِكامْكهُكااِكُكػْك ِكذ َورا ِكِكها َو ِكذ ْككَو ٰى ااِكْك ُك ْك ِكمِك َوا‬ ‫با ُكاْك ِكَوؿاإِكاَوْك َو افَو َوَلايَو ُك ْك ِكآت َو‬
‫اص ْك ِكرَوؾ َو‬
‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫كَو‬
7:2 (This is) a Book (the Quran) revealed to you. So let your
(Prophet Muhammad) memory have no difficulty on that
account. You warn (the people) with this (the Quran) and it is a
Reminder to the believers.
The duty of Prophet Muhammad is to convey the
Quranic messages clearly to the people.
‫ام َوذ ِّلكٌا‬ ‫فَو َوذ ِّلك ْك اإِكَّزٔمَو ا َواْك َو‬

‫ت ُك‬
88:21 Therefore you remind (them). Verily you are only a
reminder.
‫اح ِكف ظًن ا ۖ اإِك ْكفا َو َوْك َو اإِكَّزَلاااْكَو َوَلغُكا ۗ ا َو إِكاَّز اإِكذَواا َوذَو ْكػَو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫فَوِكإ ْكفا َو ْك َو ُك‬
‫ضواافَو َو ا ْكَور َوس ْكَو َوؾا َو َوْكه ْكم َو‬
‫اك ُكف ٌا‬
‫ور‬ ‫ااْلاْك َو َوف َو‬ ‫تا َويْك ِك ِكيه ْكمافَوِكإ َّزف ْكِك‬
‫َّزم ْك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫اْلاْك َوف ِكامَّز ار ْك ًنافَو ِك‬
‫ِكحاِبَو ا ۖ ا َو إ ْكفا ُكلْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬
‫اسِّلئَو ٌاِبَو ا َو َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َو َو‬ ‫ْك َو‬
42:48 If they still turn away, We have not sent you (O Prophet
Muhammad) as a guard over them. Your duty is only to convey
(the message). And truly, when We give man a taste of mercy
from Us, he rejoices in that; and when some evil afflicts them
because of what their (own) hands have done, then man is
indeed ungrateful!
‫ت ِك‬
‫ار َوس اَوَوهُكا ۚ ا َوااَّزهُكا‬ ‫ام ا ُكاْك ِكَوؿاإِكاَوْك َو ِكام ْك َوارِّل َو ا ۖ ا َو إِك ْكف َو‬
‫اَلْكا َوػ ْكف َوع ْك افَو َو ا ػَوَّز ْكغ َو‬ ‫وؿا ػَوِّل ْك َو‬
‫يَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّز ُكس ُك‬
‫ل ُك َو ِكام َو اااَّز ِكسا ۗ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَو َواَلايػَو ْكه ِكياااْك َوق ْكوَوـاااْك َو فِك ِكي َوا‬ ‫يػع ِك‬
‫َو ْك‬
5:67 O messenger! Convey (to the people) what was sent to
you (the Quran) from your Lord. If you did not, then you had
not conveyed His message. And Allah will defend you from
the people. Verily, Allah does not guide the unbelievers.
Prophet was directed by Allah to follow the Quran and
he followed only the Quran
‫اخِك ًنا‬
‫وف َو‬ ‫وح ٰى اإِكاَوْك َو ِكام ْك َوارِّل َو ا ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَو َو‬
‫اك َوف ِكاِبَو ا َوػ ْكع َو ُك َو‬ ‫ام ايُك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوا َّز ْكع َو‬
33:2 And follow what is communicated to you from your
Lord. Verily, Allah knows well what you do.
‫ضا َو ِك اااْك ُك ْك ِككِك َوا‬ ‫ٰى‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ا ُك ح َو اإِكاَوْك َو ام ْك َوارِّل َو ا ۖ َواَلاإِكاَوهَواإِكَّزَلا ُك َووا ۖ ا َو َو ْك ِك ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ا َّز ْكع َو‬
6:106 Follow what is conveyed to you from your Lord. There
is no God but He. And turn away from the mushriks.
Allah orders mankind to follow the Quran. It is the
guidance from Him.
‫تا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما ِكَووكِك ٍءا‬
39:41 Verily We have sent down the Book (the Quran) to you
(Prophet Muhammad) in truth for mankind. Then whoever
attains guidance (from it) benefits his own soul and whoever
strays (from it) does so against it (i.e., his own soul). You are
not given the responsibility over them.
‫اّتَّزا‬ ‫وداااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫ا٘مْك َو ْكو َوف َوارػَّز ُكه ْكم ُك‬ ‫اجُك ُك‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫امثَو ِكِّنَوا َوػ ْكق َو عُّ امْكهُك ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫امَو َو ِبًن َو‬
‫ْك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ااْلَو يثاكَو ًن ُك‬ ‫ااَّزهُكااػَوَّز َوؿا ْك‬
‫َوح َو َو‬
‫ِك ِك ِكِك‬ ‫ِك ٰى ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا ۚ ا َو َوم ْك ا‬ ‫ود ُك ْكما َو ُكػُكوػُك ُكه ْكماإ َو ٰىَلاذ ْكك ِك اااَّزها ۚ ا َوذا َو ا ُك َو اااَّزهايػَو ْكه يا ه َو‬ ‫اجُك ُك‬‫َو ُك ُك‬
‫ضِك ِك اااَّزهُكافَو َو ااَوهُك ِكام ْك ا َو ٍءاد‬ ‫يُك ْك‬
39:23 Allah sent down the best message, a Book (the Quran),
resembling each other and being repeated. Those who fear their
Lord will get goose-skin by that (while reciting). Then their
skins and their minds soften towards the remembrance of
Allah. Such is the guidance of Allah. He guides with it (the
Quran) whom He pleases. And whoever Allah leads astray,
then he will have none to guide (him).
‫ِك‬ ‫اام ِكِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ا َو َوذ َّزكُك َوفا‬ ‫اام ا ُكاْك ِكَوؿاإِكاَوْك ُك ْكمام ْك َوارِّل ُك ْكما َوَوَلا َوػَّزِك ُكعو ْك ُك‬
‫اد اها َوْك اَو َوا ۗ ا َو ًنَل َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ا َّز ُكعو َو‬
7:3 Follow (O mankind!) what is sent to you from your Lord
(the Quran) and do not follow „protectors‟ other than Him.
Little it is that you understand.
‫ْكفُك ِكاِبَو اإِكَّزَلاااْك َوف ِكس ُكق َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫تا ػِّلػَو ٍء‬
‫تا ۖ ا َو َوم ايَو ُك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو اَو َوق ْك ا َواْكػَواْكَو اإاَوْك َو اآيَو َو‬
2:99 We have sent down to you clear verses (the Quran) and
none but the miscreants would reject it.
‫اخ اِك ُك َوفا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫باااَّز ِكرا ۖ ا ُك ْكماف َوه َو‬
‫َوص َوح ُك‬
‫ِك ٰى ِك‬ ‫َوااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫اك َوفُك اا َو َوك َّزذ ُكواا ِكآيَو َو ا ُك اَوئ َو ا ْك‬
2:39 “But those who reject and treat Our verses (the Quran)
false, they shall be companions of the Fire; they shall reside
therein.”
‫اذ ْككُكُكك ْكما ۖ ا َوفَو َوَلا َوػ ْكع ِكقُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫اَو َوق ْك ا َواْكػ اْك اإِكاَو ُك ماكِك افِك ِكه ِك‬
‫َو َو ْك ْك َو ًن‬
‫‪21:10 We have sent down to you a Book (the Quran); there is‬‬
‫?‪reminder to you in it. Still you do not think‬‬
‫‪Allah informs us that the Quran contains complete‬‬
‫‪information on Islam (Q. 5:3). Following the Quran is‬‬
‫‪compulsory for the nation of Prophet Muhammad (Q. 28:85).‬‬
‫‪Allah also directs us not to follow any other path (Q. 45:6,‬‬
‫‪6:153). Any path other than the Quran, if followed, will lead to‬‬
‫‪splitting of the community (Q. 6:153).‬‬
‫ااْلِكْك ِكي ِك ا َو َوم ا ُك ِك َّزااِكغَو ْكِك اااَّز ِكها ِكِكها َوااْك ُك ْك َوخِك َوق ُكا َوااْك َو ْكوُكوذَوةُكا‬
‫َّزـا َو َوْلْك ُكم ْك‬
‫تا َو َوْك ُك ُكماااْك َو ْكَو ُكا َواا ُك‬ ‫ُكحِّل َوم ْك‬
‫با َو ْكَوفا َو ْك َوػ ْكق ِك ُك واا‬ ‫ُّل ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام اذَو َّزكْكُك ْكما َو َوم اذُك َوحا َو َو ااا ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوك َوااا َّز ُك ُكعاإَّزَل َو‬
‫ااْك ػ ِّلدي ُكا اا ِك‬
‫َّزط َوح ُكا َو َوم ا َو‬ ‫َو ُك َو َو َو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫اخ َو ْكوفا ۚ ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ساااَّزذي َو َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ۗ‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ۚ ٰى‬
‫اَّتْك َو ْكوُك ْكما َو ْك‬
‫اك َوفُك اام ْك ادي ُك ْكمافَو َوَل َو‬ ‫ْكْل ْكَوزَوَلـا ا َوذا ُك ْكماف ْك ٌقا اااْكَوػ ْكوَوـايَوئ َو‬
‫ااْلس َوَلـ ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اديًن ا ۚ افَو َو ِك ا‬ ‫تااَو ُك ُكم ْكِك ْك َو‬ ‫تا َو َوْك ُك ْكماا ْكع َو ِكِتا َو َورض ُك‬ ‫تااَو ُك ْكماديَو ُك ْكما َو َوْكَتَو ْك ُك‬ ‫َوك َو ْك ُك‬
‫ااْكَوػ ْكوَوـا ْك‬
‫ور َوارِكح ٌام‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اْل ْكٍءّتا ۙ افَوإ َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ُكف ٌ‬ ‫امَو َوج اِك ٍء ِكِك‬ ‫ل ا َوْكػَو ُك‬
‫اُمْك ٍء‬
‫اضطُكَّز ِكآت َو َو َو‬ ‫ْك‬
‫‪5:3 “…Today I have completed for you your religion,‬‬
‫‪completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam‬‬
‫”‪as your religion….‬‬
‫اج َوا ِك ْكَلُكَو ٰى ا َو َوم ْك ا ُك َووا‬ ‫آفااَو ُّاد َوؾاإِك َو ٰىَل ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام َوع دا ۚ ا ُك ْك َوارِّلِبا َو ْك َو ُكم َو‬
‫ام ْك َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ضا َو َوْك َو اااْك ُكق ْك َو َو‬‫إِك َّزفاااَّزذيافَوػَو َو‬
‫امِك ٍءا‬ ‫ِكٓت َو ٍء‬
‫اض َوَلؿ ُك‬
‫‪28:85 Verily He who made the Quran compulsory on you,‬‬
‫‪will bring you back to a destination. Say: “My Lord knows best‬‬
‫”‪who is on true guidance and who is in manifest error.‬‬
‫َوياح ِك ٍء‬
‫يثا ػَو ْكع َو اااَّز ِكها َوآيَو ِكِكهايػُك ْك ِكمُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفا‬ ‫تاااَّزهااػَوْكػُكوَو ا َو َوْك َو ا ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۖ افَو أ ِّل َو‬
‫ْك َو اآيَو ُك‬
‫‪45:6 These are the verses of Allah, which We recite to you in‬‬
‫)‪truth. Then in what message will they believe after (rejecting‬‬
‫?)‪Allah and His verses (the Quran‬‬
‫اسِك ِك ِكها ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك ُك ْكما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬

‫ام ْك َوق ًن افَو َّز ُكعوهُكا ۖ ا َوَوَلا َوػَّز ُكعواااا ُّ ُك َوافَوػَوػ َوفَّز َوؽا ُك ْكما َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫َوفا ٰىَو َوذااصَواط ُك‬ ‫َو َّز‬
‫وف‬ ‫ص ُكك ْكما ِكِكهااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َوػ ػ ُك‬
‫َّزق َوا‬ ‫َو َّز‬
6:153 And this (the Quran) is My path, the straight one;
therefore follow it. And do not follow (other) paths because
they will split you from His path. Thus He instructs you with it
(the Quran) that you may become careful.
Allah reveals that the Quran is the divine guidance for
the nation of Prophet Muhammad and therefore it is the
directives given in the Quran that the people of Prophet
Muhammad should follow. This means the test life of an
individual will be evaluated on the basis of that; that is,
whether he has lived in accordance with Allah‟s instructions in
the Quran or not.
16. THE PROCESS OF HUMAN

ROBOT TESTING
We have already dealt in detail the purpose of creating

human species, unique attributes of human biosystem
especially the mind and memory and the need to test human
biosystem by Allah (see chapters 5 and 11). Scientific
explanations advanced here based on the Quran would help
clarify several issues relating to the process of the test, which
human beings are subjected to in this life.
Qalb (mind) is the unique and most important feature of
Homo sapiens that not only distinguishes man from other
organisms but also puts man in a class of his own. It is a
conscious processor with the ability to learn, think and
understand, and endowed with freewill to take decision and act.
God created the conscious human biosystem with all these
attributes to serve Him. Since human mind is given the freewill
by Allah, it is necessary to test and identify those who obey
Allah and live according to His directions by accepting Him
consciously and voluntarily as his Master. This is the reason
for testing human beings. In other words, Allah is testing the
decisions taken and actions commanded by the mind.
Technically speaking, the test of human individual is the test of
his qalb. It is not surprising therefore that the qalb is invariably
referred to in the Quran in relation to the test of human beings.
This is very much evident from the following verses.
‫طا ِكْك َو اااَّز ِكها ۚ افَوِكإ ْكف َو‬

‫اَلْكا َوػ ْكعَو ُك وااآ َو َو ُك ْكمافَوِكإ ْكخ َووااُك ُك ْكم ِكآتااا ِّلي ِكا‬ ‫ْكاد ُكوُك ْكم ِكاْل َو ئِك ِكه ْكما ُك َووا َوْك َو ُك‬
‫تا ُكػُكوُك ُك ْكما ۚ ا َو َوك َوفا‬ ‫ِكِك ٰى ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ۚ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ا َوػ َوع َّز َو ْك‬‫َوخطَوأْك ُكْكُتا ها َو اَو ْك َو‬ ‫اجَو ٌحاف َو ا ْك‬ ‫سا َو َوْك ُك ْكم ُك‬‫َو َوم َوواا ُك ْكما ا َو اَوْك َو‬
‫ااَّزها َو ُكفور ِك‬
‫اارح ًن‬ ‫ُك ًن َو‬
33:5 Call them (i.e., adopted sons) with (the names of) their
fathers. That is fair with Allah. But if you do not know their
fathers, they are your brethren in religion and your friends.
There is no blame on you if you erred in it (by mistake). But
what your mind did intentionally (is sin). And Allah is Oft-
Forgiving, Most Merciful.
‫ااْلَوَو ِكجَو ا‬
‫وب ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ل ُكرا َو ػَوَوغَوتاااْك ُكقُك ُك‬
‫ااْلَوْك َو‬
‫ت ْك‬ ‫إِك ْكذاج ُككم ِكام افَوػوِك ُك ما ِكم ا َوس َوف ِكامْك ُك ما إِك ْكذازا َو ِك‬
‫َو ُك ْك ْك ْك ْك َو ْك ْك َو ْك َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫وفا ُكزاْك ِكاُكو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫َوظُك َو ِك ِك‬
‫اازاْكَو ًناَلا َو ي ًن ااا‬ ‫ُّوفا اَّزهاااظُُّكواَو ا ُك َو ا َو اا ْكػُك َو اااْك ُك ْك مُك َو َو‬ ‫َو‬
33:10-11 When they (i.e., the army) came on you from above
you and from below you, and when (your) eyes became
blurred and the minds reached the throats, and you began to
have diverse thoughts of Allah. There the believers were tested
and they were totally shaken.
‫مَو اِك ُك ما ٰىاَو ِك ايػ ِك‬ٙ‫اخ ُكذ ُككماااَّزها ِك اَّز ْكغ ِكو ِكآتا َوْك‬
‫اخ ُكذ ُكك ْكم ِكاِبَو َو‬ ‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫تا ُكػُكوُك ُك ْكما ۗ ا َوااَّزهُكا َو ُكف‬
‫ورا‬ ‫اك َو َو ْك‬ ‫ْك َو ْك ُك َو‬ ‫َوَلايػُك َو ُك ُك‬
‫َوحِك ٌام‬
2:225 Allah will not call you to account for thoughtlessness in
your oaths, but He will make you answerable for what your
minds have earned (i.e., for the deeds carried out at the behest
of mind). And He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Forbearing.
‫وفاإِك َو ٰىَلا َو ْك ِك ِكه ْكما َوَو ًن اا َو ُكزيِّل َو ا ٰىَوذاِك َو ِكآتا ُكػُكوِك ُك ْكما‬
‫وؿا َوااْك ُك ْك ِكمُك َو‬‫باااَّز ُكس ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو ْك اظَوَوػْكُك ْكما ْكَوفااَو ْك ايػَوْكػ َوق َو‬
‫َو ظَوَوػْكُك ْكماظَو َّز ااا َّز ْكوِك ا َو ُككْكُك ْكما َوػ ْكوًنم ا ُك ًنورا‬
48:12 Nay, you thought that the messenger and the believers
would never return to their families. That seemed pleasing to
your minds and you entertained that evil thought. And you
became a people doomed to perish.
‫اَو َوق ْك ار ِكض اااَّزها ِك اااْك ِكمِك اإِك ْكذايػ يِكعواَو ا َوْكتااا َّزج ةِكافَوػعِكمام ِكآتا ُكػُك ِك‬
‫وِبِك ْكمافَوأَواْكػَو َوؿا‬ ‫َو َو ُك َو ُك ْك َو ُكَو ُك َو َو َو َو َو َو َو‬
‫اا َّز َو َوا َو َوْكه ْكما َو َوثَو ػَو ُكه ْكمافَوػْك ًنح ا َو ِكيًن‬
48:18 Allah was pleased with the believers when they pledged
(loyalty) to you under that tree. Then He knew what was in
their minds. So He sent down tranquility on them and He
rewarded them with an imminent victory.
‫ااْل‪ٙ‬مَو ُكف ِكآتا ُكػُكوِك ُك ْكما‬

‫َوسَو ْك َو ا َو اَو َّز ايَو ْك ُكخ ِك ْكِك‬ ‫ااْلَو اباآمَّز ا ۖ ا ُك َو ِك ٰى ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اَلْكا ُكػ ْك مُكواا َو اَو ْك ا ُكواُكواا ْك‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َو اَوت ْك ْك َو ُك َو‬
‫ور َوارِكح ٌام‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ۖ ا َو إ ْكفا ُكط ُكعوااااَّزهَوا َو َور ُكسواَوهُك َواَلايَو ْك ُك ْكمام ْك ا َو ْك َو ا ُك ْكما َو ْكئًن ا ۚ اإ َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ُكف ٌ‬
‫‪49:14 The desert Arabs say, “We have believed”. Tell (them),‬‬
‫‪“You have not believed; but you (merely) say, “We have‬‬
‫‪submitted (to the will of Allah)”. The Faith has not entered‬‬
‫‪your minds. But if you obey Allah and His messenger, He will‬‬
‫‪not reduce any from your deeds. Verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving,‬‬
‫”‪Most Merciful.‬‬
‫ااك اَّز ِكذي َو ا‬ ‫اَّتْك َو َوعا ُكػُكوػُك ُكه ْكمااِك ِكذ ْكك ِك اااَّز ِكها َو َوم ااػَوَو َوؿ ِكام َو ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ِّلقا َوَوَلايَو ُك واُكو َو‬ ‫َو ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َوَلْكايَوأْكفااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫اآمُكواا ْكَوف َو‬
‫تا ُكػُكوػُك ُكه ْكما ۖ ا َو َوكثِك ٌ ِكامْكػ ُكه ْكمافَو ِكس ُكق َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ب ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ُكافَوطَو َوؿا َو َوْك ِكه ُكم ْك‬
‫ااْل َوَوم ُك افَوػ َوق َو ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ُك ُكوااااْك َو َو‬
‫‪57:16 Is it not yet time for the believers to humble their minds‬‬
‫‪with the remembrance of Allah and what descended (the‬‬
‫‪Quran) in truth and be not like the people who received the‬‬
‫‪Book before? Their (earlier people‟s) term was extended; so‬‬
‫‪their minds hardened. Most of them were rebellious‬‬
‫‪transgressors.‬‬
‫ام ِكآتا َوػ ْكِك ِكها َو ُك َووا َواَو ُّا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكم اااَّز ِكسام ايػع ِكج ا َوػواُكه ِكآت ْك ِك‬
‫ااْلَوَو ةااا ُّ اْكػَو ا َو يُك ْك ه ُك اااَّزهَوا َو َو ٰى َو‬ ‫َو ْك ُك ْك ُك َو ْك ُك‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫اْلِكل اـِك‬
‫ْك َو‬
‫‪2:204 There are some people whose talk about the life of this‬‬
‫‪world will surprise you and he will also call Allah to witness as‬‬
‫‪to what is in his mind; yet he is the most quarrelsome of the‬‬
‫‪opponents.‬‬
‫اك اُكواايَو ْك ِك ُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫َوك َّزَلا ۖ ا َو ْك ا ۜ َوار َو‬
‫افا َو َو ٰى ا ُكػُكوِب ْكم َو‬
‫‪83:14 Not at all! But what they had earned (from their evil‬‬
‫‪deeds) had stained their minds.‬‬
‫ِك‬ ‫اَت ُك َو ِك‬
‫اكْك ما َو اس َوف ٍء ا َوَل َوِك‬
‫ض افَوػ ْكُكػ َو ِّلدا‬ ‫وض ٌا ۖ افَوِكإ ْكفا َوم َو ا ػَو ْكع ُك‬
‫ض ُك ْكما ػَو ْكع ًن‬ ‫ااك ًن افَو ِكَو ٌف َو‬
‫ام ْكقُك َو‬ ‫َو إِك ْكف ُك ُك ْك َو ٰى َو َو ْك‬
‫اآّتٌا َوػ ْكُكهُكا ۗ ا‬ ‫ااَّز ِكذيااؤُكَتِك ا َوم اػ ها اْك ِكَّزقاااَّزهارَّزها ۗ ا َوَلا ْك واااا َّزه د َوةا ۚ ا م اي ْك ه افِكإاَّزه ِك‬
‫َو َو َو َو ْك َو ُك ْك َو َو ُك‬ ‫ْك َو َو َوَو ُك َو َو َو َو ُك َو َو ُك ُك‬
‫وفا َو ِك ٌام‬
‫َوااَّزهُك ِكاِبَو ا َوػ ْكع َو ُك َو‬
2:283 If you are on a journey and cannot find a scribe, a

pledge in hand (may serve the purpose). And if one of you puts
trust on another, let the trustee (faithfully) discharge His trust
and fear his Lord Allah. Do not conceal the evidence. If
anybody conceals it, his mind is a sinner. And Allah knows all
that you do.
Thus it is the qalb‟s intention in the action performed by the
individual that is judged rather than the action per se. A wrong
committed inadvertently will not come under the divine
scanner. If one is forced by circumstances to do an unlawful
thing there is no harm. But God knows his intention. Allah
hints at this in the following verses.
‫ام ْك ا َو َو َوحا ِك اْك ُك ْكف ِك ا‬ ‫ُكك ِكها َوػ ْك ه ِك ِك ِك ٰى ِك‬ ‫م َو ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك ِكِك ِك‬
‫مَو فا َو اَو ْك َو‬ٙ‫امطْك َو ئ ا ْكِكْل‬
‫ام ْك ا ْك َو َو ُك ُك ُك‬‫مَو اهاإَّزَل َو‬ٙ‫اك َوفَو ا اَّزهام ْك ا ػَو ْكع اإ‬ ‫َو ْك‬
‫ابا َوظ ٌام‬ٌ ‫بام َو اااَّزها َو َوَلُك ْكما َو َوذ‬ٌ‫ض‬ ‫ص ْك ًنراافَوػ َوعَوْك ِكه ْكما َو َو‬
‫َو‬
16:106 Whoever, after his belief, disbelieves in Allah – except
the one under compulsion with his mind remaining firm in
Faith – and who expands (i.e., fills) his memory (sadr) with
unbelief, on them is wrath of Allah and they have a dreadful
penalty.
‫ِك ِك‬
‫ااْلِكْك ِكي ِك ا َو َوم ا ُك َّزا ِكِكهااغَو ْكِك اااَّز ِكها ۖ افَو َو ِك ْك‬
‫ااضطُكَّز ا َوْكػَو ا َو ٍءغا‬ ‫َّزـا َو َوْلْك َوم ْك‬
‫احَّز َوـا َو َوْك ُك ُكماااْك َو ْكَو َوا َواا َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫إَّزٔمَو َو‬
‫ور َوارِكح ٌام‬ ‫ٍء ِك ِك ِك‬
ٌ ‫َوَوَلا َو دافَو َوَلاإ ْكّتَوا َو َوْكها ۚ اإ َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو ُكف‬
2:173 He has only forbidden you dead meat, blood, pork and
that pronounced for any other than Allah. But if one is forced
(to eat any of these) by necessity neither willingly nor
exceeding the limits, then there is no blame on him. Verily
Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
If on the other hand a person knowingly does
something forbidden, it is sin. There is also another side to this.
Suppose a person abstains from eating pork on some health
grounds, it cannot be considered an act of obedience to Allah,
but if he does it because Allah directed him to do so, his deed
becomes an act of obedience to Allah. Thus it is the mind of a
person Allah is testing for its intentions, decisions and actions.

Every intention, decision and action should be in conformity
with Allah‟s instructions. Since no two human beings are
created alike, no two qalbs are alike. Obviously, the test has to
be conducted on individual basis.
Being the test of human mind, if one accepts Islam and
submits himself to Allah it will be a voluntary act. To that end
Allah informs us there is no compulsion in Islam. It must be a
voluntary submission by the individual.
‫ْكف ا ِك اطَّز ُك ِك‬
‫وتا َو يػُك ْك ِكم ْك ا ِك اَّز ِكها‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫َوَلاإ ْككَو َواهآتااا ِّلي ِك ا ا َو ْك ا َوػَوػ َّز َو اااُّ ْك ُك ام َو اااْكغَو ِّل ا افَو َو ْك ايَو ُك ْك‬
ۚ ۖ
‫اْس ٌعا َو ِك ٌام‬‫اَل ا ۗ ا ااَّزه َوِك‬
‫ل َوـ َوَو َو ُك‬
‫ااسَو ْك َو َو ا اْك ُكع ْك َوةاااْك ُكوثْكػ َوق ٰى َواَلاااْكف َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫فَوػ َوق ْك‬
2:256 There is no compulsion in the religion (Islam). Verily,
the right path has become distinctly clear from the wrong.
Whoever rejects Tagut (i.e., some false god the Pagan Arabs
were worshipping) and believes in Allah, then he has grasped a
strong rope that will never break. And Allah hears and knows
all things.
Allah will select only those who willingly obeyed His
directives in this test life for deployment on Earth (Heaven) of
the next eternal universe as His righteous robots.
The role of Satan in the test
An important facet of the divine test is the presence of
Satan virus in human biosystem (see chapter 12). Human being
is by nature believer in God since the biosystem has
information about the Creator God (see chapter 14). Human
mind is therefore by default God-oriented. Therefore, unless
there is mechanism in the biosystem to divert the processor
mind from Allah‟s guidance, the test will be practically
ineffective. The Satan virus is installed in human biosystem to
do that job. It misleads human mind from the path of Allah.
The Satan puts all kinds of tempting suggestions and tries to
lure the mind into the worldly enjoyments and away from the
divine path. If the mind falls a prey to Satan‟s deception, the
individual will be on the wrong path. If on the other hand, the

mind accepts the divine path and submits to Allah, the
individual will be a Muslim. Either of these is a voluntary
decision taken by the mind. Whether the mind would accept or
reject the divine path is what Allah is testing. The presence of
Satan virus thus makes the test the most effective, efficient and
perfect.
Biomemome (nafs)-based performance evaluation

We have seen (chapter 12) that intraspecific variation
Allah creates in human population is so extensive that no two
individuals are identical even for a single character. This
indicates Allah is testing a very large population of human
individuals differing widely in their potentials. Given such
magnitude of variation, how is it possible to evaluate the
performances of human individuals with justice? It is indeed a
vexing problem from the human angle. But the most merciful
Allah has His methods to do it in equal fairness to all.
‫احَّز ٍء ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫طااِك ػوِكـاااْك ِكق م ِكافَو َوَلا ُكظْكَومااػَو ْكفسا َو ئ ا ۖ ا إِك ْكف َو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك َوفامثْكػ َوق َوؿ َو‬ ‫ُك ٌ ْكًن َو‬ ‫ض ُكعاااْك َو َوو ِكازي َو اااْكق ْك َو َو ْك َو َو‬ ‫َو اَو َو‬
‫اح ِكسِك َوا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬
‫َوخ ْك َودؿا َوَوػْكػَو اِبَو ا ۗ ا َو َوك َوف ٰى ا َو َو‬
21:47 We shall set up scales of justice for the Day of
Judgement, so that not a single individual (nafs) will be dealt
with unjustly in the least. And if there be (no more than) the
weight of a mustard seed (good or evil deed) We will bring it
(to account). And enough are We to take account.
Further Allah says that He does not expect from anyone
beyond his ability. At several places in the Quran Allah
reiterates this.
‫ااْلَوَّز ِكا ۖ ا ُك ْكما‬ ‫ٰى ِك‬ ‫ااَّز ِكذي اآمُكواا ِك ُكو َّز ِك ِك‬
‫ب ْك‬ ‫اااال ْلَو ت َواَلااُك َو ِّل ُك ااػَو ْكف ًن اإِكَّزَلا ُك ْكس َوع َوه ا ُك اَوئ َو ا ْك‬
‫َوص َوح ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو َو َو‬
‫اخ اِك ُك َواف‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ف َوه َو‬
7:42 And those who believe and do good deeds, We do not

compel a soul (individual) beyond its ability. They are
companions of the Garden; they will dwell therein (for ever).
This is indeed fair and rational. Every individual is what Allah
determines him to be. We have no role in creating our abilities.
Allah does not expect from an individual beyond his ability.
That also implies Allah does expect from an individual a
performance commensurate with the abilities He has given
him.
Real-time recording of test performance

Recording of the performance of each human individual
during the test life is a pre-requisite for evaluation and
judgement by Allah on the Day of Judgement. Real-time
recording of the conscious activities (i.e., those performed by
the order of mind) is going on in human memory (sadr) and
other tissues (see chapter 11). Therefore the information stored
in sadr provides the complete record of one‟s conscious
activities. The data stored in the respective tissues would
provide supplementary information validating the information
stored in the sadr. The information will be retrieved and given
to the individual on the Day of Judgement (see chapter 17).
The phenomenon of divine guidance

The mechanism of divine guidance is either not
understood or misunderstood by many people. There are many
verses in the Quran that inform us that Allah guides whom He
wills and leaves astray whom He wills. Consider the following
verses.
‫يااَوهُكا ۚ ا َو يَو َوذ ُكرُك ْكم ِكآتاطُك ْكغَو ِكِنِك ْكمايػَو ْكع َو ُكه َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوم ْك ايُك ْك ِك َّز‬
‫ض ِك ااا هُكافَو َوَلا َو د َو‬
7:186 Whoever Allah leads astray, then there will be none to
guide him. And He leaves them free to wander blindly in their
trespasses.
‫تا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما ِكَووكِك ٍءا‬ ‫اَووا اااَّزهام ا َو ْك ُككواا ۗ ا م اجع ْك َوؾا َو ِكهم ِك‬
‫احف ظًن ا ۖ ا َو َوم ا َواْك َو‬
‫َو َو َو َو َو َو ْك ْك َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو َو ُك َو َو‬
6:107 If Allah had so willed, they would not have associated
partners with Him. We have not made you (Prophet
Muhammad) a guard over them and you are not entrusted with
their responsibility.
‫يام ْك ايَو َو ُكا ۚ ا َو اَوُك ْك أَواُك َّز ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ٰى ِك ِك‬ ‫َو اَو ْكوا َو َواااَّزهُك َو‬
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا َو يػَو ْكه َو‬
‫اْلَو َوعَو ُك ْكما َّزُكم ًنا َواح َو ًنةا َو اَو ْك ايُكض ُّ َو‬
‫وف‬ ‫َو َّز ُك‬
16:93 If Allah had so willed, He would have made you all one
community. But He leaves astray whom He pleases and He
guides those whom He pleases. And you will certainly be
questioned about all your actions.
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتايَو ُك واُكواا‬ ‫اَج ًنع ا ۚ ا َوفَوأَواْك َو ِك‬ ‫اكُّهم َوِك‬ ‫ام ْك ِكآت ْك‬
‫س َو‬‫تا ُك ْك هُكاااَّز َو‬ ‫ض ُك ُك ْك‬ ‫َو اَو ْكوا َو َو َوارُّ َو َواْل َوم َو َو‬
‫سا َو َو اااَّز ِكذي َو َواَلايػَو ْكع ِكقُك َو‬
‫وفاا‬ ۚ ‫ِك ِكَّز ِكِك ِك َّز ِك‬ ‫ُكم ْك ِكمِك َو ا َو َوم َو ِك ٍء‬
‫اك َوفااَوػ ْكفسا ْكَوفا ُكػ ْك م َو اإَلا إ ْكذفااا ها ا َو َوْكٖم َوع ُكاااِّل ْكج َو‬
10:99-100 If your Lord had so wished, the entire humanity on
the earth would have believed! Do you then compel people to
believe? Nobody can believe without the consent of Allah and
He makes filth on those who do not think (and understand).
Similarly Allah says He punishes whom He wills and
shows mercy to whom He wishes.
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا ۖ ا َو إِكاَوْك ِكها ُكػ ْكقَوُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا َو يػَوْك َوح ُكم َو‬ ‫يػُك َوع ِّلذ ُك‬
‫ب َو‬
29:21 He punishes whom He pleases and He grants mercy to
whom He pleases. And you will be brought back to Him.
In the light of these messages, many people believe that
we have no role to play in getting Allah‟s guidance. It is
Allah‟s prerogative to guide or mislead an individual and man
has nothing to do with it. Everything has already been decided
by Allah. This is a very wrong impression they develop about
Allah‟s guidance. If guidance and hence award of Heaven or
Hell is a pre-determined thing, there is no need for testing
human beings by Allah. The main reason why people are
inclined to think that way is they look at the divine affairs from
human perspective. When a human being says that he will deal
with a case as he wishes, it means he will handle it in any way
he wants. But when Allah says He will deal with the case as He
wishes, it means only one thing – with full justice. Thus
statements like “as Allah wishes”, “as Allah pleases”, “as Allah
wills”, etc., mean Allah‟s decision or action with full justice.
Consider the following verses in which Allah indicates
that the option to accept or not to accept His guidance is left to
the individual. However at the end of the verses, it is stated that
only if Allah wills, the individual will accept the guidance.
‫اسِك ًنَلا َو َوم ا َو َو ُك َوفاإِكَّزَلا ْكَوفايَو َو َواااَّزهُكا ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا‬ ‫َّز ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫إ َّزفا ٰىَو ذها َوذْككَوةٌا ۖ افَو َو ْك ا َو َوااَّتَو َوذاإ َو ٰىَل َوارِّله َو‬
‫َّزاَلُك ْكما َو َوذا ًن ا َواِك ًن اا‬
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُك ِكآت َوار ْك َوِك ِكها ۚ ا َوااظَّز اِك ِك َو ا َو َو َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اح ًن ايُك ْك خ ُك َو‬
‫َوك َوفا َو ًن َو‬
76:29-31 Verily this (Quran) is a Reminder. Whoever wants let
him accept the (straight) path to his Lord! But you will not
desire unless Allah wills. Indeed Allah is Omniscient, Wise. He
will admit to His mercy (i.e., His path) whom He pleases. And
He has kept a grievous penalty for the wrongdoers.
ُّ ‫اذ ْككٌ ااِكْك َوع اَو ِك َو ااِك َو ْك ا َو َو ِكامْك ُك ْكما ْكَوفايَو ْك َو ِكق َوما َو َوم ا َو َو ُك َوفاإِكَّزَلا ْكَوفايَو َو َواااَّزهُك َوار‬
‫با‬ ‫إِك ْكفا واإِكَّزَل ِك‬
‫ُك َو‬
‫ااْك َوع اَو ِك َو اا‬
81:27-29 Verily this (Quran) is nothing but a Reminder to the
people of the world to those among you who like to be on the
straight path. But you will not desire unless Allah, the Lord of
the Worlds, wills.
‫اّتَّزا‬ ‫وداااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫ا٘مْك َو ْكو َوف َوارػَّز ُكه ْكم ُك‬ ‫اجُك ُك‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫امثَو ِكِّنَوا َوػ ْكق َو عُّ امْكهُك ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫امَو َو ِبًن َو‬
‫ْك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ااْلَو يثاكَو ًن ُك‬ ‫ااَّزهُكااػَوَّز َوؿا ْك‬
‫َوح َو َو‬
‫ِك ِك ِكِك‬ ‫ِك ٰى ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا ۚ ا َو َوم ْك ا‬ ‫ود ُك ْكما َو ُكػُكوػُك ُكه ْكماإ َو ٰىَلاذ ْكك ِك اااَّزها ۚ اذَوا َو ا ُك َو اااَّزهايػَو ْكه يا ه َو‬ ‫اجُك ُك‬‫َو ُك ُك‬
‫ضِك ِك اااَّزهُكافَو َو ااَوهُك ِكام ْك ا َو ٍءاد‬ ‫يُك ْك‬
39:23 Allah has sent down the best message – a Book (the
Quran) resembling each other and being repeated. Those who
fear their Lord will get goose-skin by that (while reciting).
Then their skins and their minds soften towards the
remembrance of Allah. Such is the guidance of Allah. He

guides with it (the Quran) whom He pleases. And whoever
Allah leads astray, then he will have none to guide (him).
Through these and many other verses in the Quran,
Allah makes it unambiguously clear that Allah‟s guidance
means the Quran. It is left to the individual to accept or reject
Allah‟s guidance – the Quran. An individual attains guidance if
he accepts the Quran and live accordingly. If not, he gets
misled. Both these happen however according to the wish of
Allah. This may sound rather queerish at first thought but it is
the reality.
The Quranic revelations relating to divine guidance do
not mean that Allah is guiding or misguiding people directly
from His abode. The messages only indicate there is foolproof
mechanism that Allah has designed to lead a person either to
His guidance or away from it depending on how his mind
performs. This mechanism for guidance is operating in the
human biosystem itself.
Allah‟s guidance process can be understood as
mechanism involving the operation of two special software –
the guidance program and Satan virus. The guidance program
will lead the human mind to the right path (the Quranic path) if
it satisfies the criteria stipulated in the program. The reasons
for guiding or leaving a person astray mentioned in some of the
verses quoted above are in fact some of the criteria. There are
several verses that clearly indicate that those who associate
partners (polytheists or mushrik) with Allah will not get
guidance. This forms another criterion.
‫وفا ٰىَو ُكَوَل ِك ا ُك َوف َوع ُكؤاَو ا ِكْك َو ا‬
‫ضُّ ُك ْكما َوَوَلايػَوْكػ َوف ُكع ُكه ْكما َو يػَو ُكقواُك َو‬
‫ام َواَلايَو ُك‬
‫يػع ُك َوف ِكام ِك ِك‬
‫اد فاااَّزه َو‬ ‫ْك ُك‬ ‫َو َو ْك ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫وفاااَّزهَواِبَو َواَلايػَو ْكعَو ُكم ِكآتااا َّز َو َواتا َوَوَل ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااَّز ِكها ۚ ا ُك ْك ا َوُكػَوِّلئُك َو‬
‫ضا ۚ ُك‬
‫اسْك َوح اَوهُكا َو َوػ َوع َو ٰىَلا َو َّز ا‬
‫يُك ْك ِكُكك َوا‬
‫وف‬
10:18 They worship, besides Allah, things that will neither

harm them nor benefit them, and they say: “These are our
intercessors with Allah.” Say: “Are you informing Allah of
something He does not know in the skies and on the earth?”
Glory to Him! Far is He above the partners they ascribe (to
Him)!
‫سا َوااْك َوق َو َو ااَوَوػ ُكقواُك َّز اااَّزهُكا ۖ افَوأ َّزٰى‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوَّنا‬ ‫ضا َو َوس َّزخَو ااا َّز ْك َو‬
‫اخَو َوقااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫اسأَواْكَوػ ُكه ْكم َو‬
‫ام ْك َو‬ ‫َو اَوئ ْك َو‬
‫يػُك ْك فَو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
29:61 If you ask them (polytheists), “Who created the skies
and the earth and made the sun and the moon subservient”,
they will certainly say, “Allah”. Then how are they misled
(from the truth)!
‫اُمْكِك ِك‬ ‫فَوِكإ َوذااركِكُكو ِك‬
‫اّمَّز ُك ْكماإِك َوَلاااْكَوػِّل اإِك َوذاا ُك ْكمايُك ْك ِكُكك َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ل َو ااَوهُكااا ِّلي َو افَوػَو َّز َو‬ ‫اد َو ُكوااااَّزهَو ُك‬‫اآتاااْك ُكف ْك ِك َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫ؼايػَو ْكعَو ُك َو‬ ۖ
‫َّزعواا افَو َو ْكو َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اِكَو ُك‬
‫ْكفُك ااِبَو اآ َوػْكػَو ُك ْكما َو اَوَو َو ػ ُك‬
29:65-66 When they (polytheists) board the ship, they call
upon Allah with sincere devotion to Him. Then when He has
brought them safely to the land, behold, they join partners with
Him showing ingratitude with what We have given them. And
let them enjoy the pleasures of the worldly life. But afterwards,
they will know.
‫ْكمااِكَّز ِكهاااْك َوعِك ِّل اااْك َو ِك ِكا‬ ۚ ‫ِكِك ِك‬ ‫ااد ِك اااَّزهُكا ْكح َو هُك َو ۖ ِك‬
‫اك َوف ْك ُكْكُتا ا َو إ ْكفايُك ْك َو ْكؾا ها ُكػ ْك مُكواا افَو ْكْلُك ُك‬
‫ٰى ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َوذا ُك ْكما أَواَّزهُكاإ َوذ ُك َو َو‬
40:12 (They will be told:) “That is because when Allah alone
was invoked, you did not believe; but when partners were
joined to Him, you believed. The power of judgment is with
Allah, the Supreme, the Great.”
Similarly, hypocracy is another crirerion. A hypocrite is
not a believer but a fraud who pretends to be a believer.
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َو إِك َوذاا ِك َو َو‬
‫ل ُّ َوفا َوْك َو ُك‬
‫اص ُك ًنداا‬ ‫تاااْك ُك َو فق َو ايَو ُك‬‫ام ا َواْكػَو َوؿاااَّزهُكا َو إِك َوَلاااَّز ُكسوؿ َوارَويْك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اَلُك ْكما َوػ َوع اَو ْكوااإ َو ٰىَل َو‬
‫اٗمِك ُكف َو‬
‫وفا ِك اَّز ِكهاإِك ْكفا َوَورْكداَو اإِكَّزَلا‬ ‫اج ُك َوؾ َوْك‬ ‫تا َويْك ِك ِكيه ْكم ُك‬
‫اّتَّز َو‬ ‫َّزم ْك‬
‫فَو َو اإِكذَواا َوص ػْكػهم ِك ِك‬
‫امل َو ٌاِبَو ا َو َو‬ ‫َو َو ُك ْك ُك‬ ‫ْك َو‬
‫ضا َوْكػ ُكه ْكما َو ِكظْك ُكه ْكما َو ُك ْك َو‬

‫اَلُك ْكم ِكآتا‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك ٰى ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ِكآتا ُكػُكوِب ْكمافَوأَو ْك ِك ْك‬
‫إ ْكح َو اًن ا َو َوػ ْكوف ًنق ا ُك اَوئ َو اااَّزذي َو ايػَو ْكعَو ُكماااَّزهُك َو‬
‫َواْكػ ُكف ِك ِكه ْكما َوػ ْكوًنَلا َوِك غًن اا‬
‫‪4:61-63 When it is said to them, “Come to what Allah has‬‬
‫‪revealed and to the messenger”, you see the hypocrites turning‬‬
‫‪away from you (in disgust). Then what will it be like when‬‬
‫)‪they are afflicted with some misfortune because of (the deeds‬‬
‫‪what their hands had done before, and then they come to you‬‬
‫‪swearing by Allah, “We meant nothing but good and‬‬
‫‪conciliation”? (Allah) knows what is in their minds. So you‬‬
‫‪keep away from them and advise them and speak to them a‬‬
‫‪word to reach their very souls.‬‬
‫َوض َّزاااَّزهُكا‬ ‫اك َو ُكواا ۚ ا َوُك ِكي ُك َوفا ْكَوفا َوػ ْكه ُك َو‬
‫اام ْك ا َو‬ ‫فَو َو ااَو ُك ْكم ِكآتاااْك ُك َو فِك ِكق َو افِكئَوَوػ ْك ِك ا َوااَّزهُكا ْكَورَوك َو ُكه ْكم ِكاِبَو َو‬
‫اس َووا ًنا ۖ افَو َوَلا‬ ‫اسِك ًنَلا َو ُّد اااَو ْكوا َو ُك‬ ‫ضِك ِك اااَّزهافَوػَو َوِك‬ ‫ۖ ا َو َوم ْك ايُك ْك‬
‫وف َو‬ ‫اك َوفُك اافَوػَو ُك واُك َو‬
‫اك َو َو‬ ‫ْكفُك َوف َو‬ ‫اَت َو ااَوهُك َو‬ ‫ُك ْك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫اآت ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ثا‬ ‫اس ِك اااَّزها ۚ افَوإ ْكفا َوػ َوواَّزْكواافَو ُكخ ُكذ ُك ْكما َوا ْكػُكػُكوُك ْكم َو‬
‫احْك ُك‬ ‫اح َّز ٰىَّتايػُك َوه جُك ِك َو‬ ‫َوػَّزخ ُكذ اامْكػ ُكه ْكما َوْك اَو َو َو‬
‫ل ًنااا‬ ‫اامْكػهما اِكًّ ا َوَلااَو ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ۖ‬
‫َو َوج ْك ُكَتُكوُك ْكما ا َوَوَلا َوػَّزخ ُكذ ُك ْك َو َو‬
‫‪4:88-89 What is it that you (remain) as two parties in the matter‬‬
‫‪of the hypocrites? Allah had upset them for what they had‬‬
‫‪earned (i.e., for their evil deeds). Do you want to guide those‬‬
‫‪whom Allah has misguided? Whomsoever Allah misguides,‬‬
‫‪you will not find for him a way. They wanted you to reject‬‬
‫‪Faith as they did so that you become at par (with them).‬‬
‫‪Therefore do not take friends from them until they leave their‬‬
‫‪land in the cause of Allah. But if they turn away, seize them‬‬
‫‪and kill them wherever you find them. And do not take a friend‬‬
‫‪or a helper from them‬‬
‫ْكف ِكاِب ا ي ػه ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫با ْكَوفاإِك َوذ َوِك‬ ‫َو ْك ااػَوَّز َوؿا َو َوْك ُك م ِكآتاااْك ِكَو ِك‬
‫ُكاِبَو افَو َوَلا َوػ ْكق ُكع ُك اا‬ ‫ااْس ْكعُك ْكماآيَو تاااَّزهايُك َو ُك َو َو ُك ْك َو ْك َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ۗ‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ۚ‬ ‫ِك‬‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اج م ُكعاااْك ُك َو فق َو ا‬ ‫اح يثا َو ْك ها اإاَّز ُك ْكماإذًناامثْكػُك ُكه ْكما اإفااا هَو َو‬ ‫وضواآت َو‬ ‫ا٘مُك ُك‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّت َو‬
‫َوم َوع ُكه ْكم َو‬
‫اك َوفااَو ُك ْكمافَوػْك ٌح ِكام َو اااَّز ِكها َو اُكواا َو‬
‫وفا ِك ُك ْكمافَوِكإ ْكف َو‬ ‫ااْك َو فِك ِكي ِكآتاجهَّزم َوِك ِك‬
‫َوَلْكااَو ُك ْك ا‬ ‫ل َو‬ ‫اَج ًنع اااَّزذي َو ايػَوَوػَوَّز ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوَلْكااَو ْك َو ْكح ِكو ْكذا َو َوْك ُك ْكما َو َؤمْكَوػ ْكع ُك ْكمام َو اااْك ُك ْك م َو ا ۚ ا‬ ‫با َو اُكواا َو‬ ‫اك َوفاا ْك َو ف ِكي َو ااَول ٌ‬ ‫َوم َوع ُك ْكما َو إ ْكف َو‬
‫اسِك ًنَلاإِك َّزفا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬

‫اٖم َوع َواااَّزهُكاا ْك َو ف ِكي َو ا َو َو اااْك ُك ْك م َو َو‬ ‫اٗم ُك ُكما ػَوْكػَو ُك ْكمايػَو ْكوَوـاااْكقَو َوم ا ۗ ا َو اَو ْك َوْك‬ ‫فَو اَّزهُك َوْك‬
‫سا‬ ‫ااال َوَلةِكا َو ُكمو ُك‬
‫ااك َو َو ٰىَلايػُكَوا ُك َوفاااَّز َو‬ ‫اخ ِكد ُك ُكه ْكما َو إِكذَواا َو ُكموااإِك َوَل َّز‬ ‫ا٘مَو ِكد ُك َو‬
‫وفاااَّزهَوا َو ُك َوو َو‬ ‫ااْك ُك َو فِك ِكق َو ُك‬
‫ضِك ِك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ام َوذ ْك َوذ ِك َو ا ػَو ْك َو ا ٰىذَوا َو َواَلاإِك َو ٰىَلا ٰىَو ُكَوَل ا َوَوَلاإِك َو ٰىَلا ٰىَو ُكَوَل ا ۚ ا َو َوم ْك ايُك ْك‬
‫ْككُك َوفاااَّزهَواإَّزَلا َو ًنَل ُك‬
‫َوَوَلايَوذ ُك‬
‫اسِك ًنَلاا‬ ‫ااَّزهافَوػَو َوِك‬
‫اَت َو ااَوهُك َو‬ ‫ُك ْك‬
4:140-143 He (Allah) had sent down (the message) to you in
the book that when you hear the revelations of Allah being
denied and ridiculed, you should not sit with them till they
change to a different topic. (If you sit), then you are like them.
Verily, Allah will gather the hypocrites and the rejecters of
Faith together in Hell, who wait (for an opportunity)
concerning you. If there is a victory for you from Allah, they
will say: “Were we not with you?” But if there is any success
to the unbelievers, they will tell (them): “Did we not gain an
advantage over you and did we not guard you from the
believers?” But Allah will pass judgement between you on the
Day of Judgment. And Allah will not make any way for the
unbelievers (to triumph) over the believers. Indeed the
hypocrites (think that they) deceive Allah, but He deceives
them. When they stand for prayer, they stand lazily (just) to be
seen by the people and they remember Allah only very little.
(They are) neither with this group (believers) nor with that
group (unbelievers) (but remain undecided) in between.
Whomsoever Allah leaves astray, you (i.e., Prophet
Muhammad) will never find a way for him.
The individual whose mind opts for Allah‟s guidance
will get constantly guided that way by the program until he
attains full guidance. In other words, the guidance program in
his biosoftware (rooh) leads him to that and he becomes firm in
his belief in Islam. He becomes true Muslim obeying Allah‟s
instructions in letter and spirit. This is made further clear in
another verse:
‫اح َّزداااَّزهَوا َو َور ُكسواَوهُكا َو اَو ْكو َو‬ ‫وفا ِك اَّز ِكها ااْك ػوِكـ ْك ِك‬
‫اَت ُك ا َوػ ْكوًنم ايػُك ْك ِكمُك َو‬
‫َوَل َوِك‬
‫اك اُكوااآ َو ُك ْكما َوْك ا‬ ‫ااْلخ ِك ايػُك َوو ُّاد َوف َو‬
‫ام ْك َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك‬
‫مَو َوفا َو َويَّز َو ُك ما ِكُك ٍءح ِّل‬ٙ‫ااْل‬
‫امْكهُكا‬ ‫وِبِكم ْكِك‬ ‫اك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫بآتا ُكػُك ُك‬ ‫َوْكػَو ُك ْكما َوْك اإ ْكخ َووااػَو ُكه ْكما َوْك ا َو َوَوػ ُكه ْكما ُكْك اَوئ َو َو َو َو‬
‫ااْلَواْكػه ر ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ت َوْك ِك ِك‬ ‫ي ْك ِكخُكهماجَّز ٍء‬
‫ضواا َوْكهُكا‬ ‫اخ ا ي َو اف َوه َوارض َو اااَّزهُكا َوْكػ ُكه ْكما َو َور ُك‬ ‫اَت ِكيام ا َوْك َوه ْك َو ُك َو‬ ‫َو ُك ُك ْك َو‬
‫باااَّزها ُك ُكماااْك ُك ْكف ُكح َوا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫وف‬ ‫باااَّزها َوَوَلاإ َّزفاح ْك َو‬ ‫ُكْك اَوئ َو اح ْك ُك‬
58:22 You will not find people who believe in Allah and the
Last Day in close relationship with those who resist Allah and
His messenger even if they are their fathers, their sons, their
brothers or their kindred. For them (i.e., the believers) He has
written belief in their minds and strengthened them with a rooh
from Himself. And He will admit them to Gardens with rivers
flowing beneath, to dwell therein (for ever). Allah is well
pleased with them and they are well pleased with Him. They
are the party of Allah. Truly it is the party of Allah who are
successful.
Thus it is the divine guidance program (rooh) operating in our
biosystem that guides and strengthens the belief in Islam –
Allah‟s path. On the other hand, the individual whose mind
opts for Satan‟s allurement gets continuously diverted from the
path of Allah. Eventually, he becomes totally misled.
Thus depending on the action of mind, decision of the
program as to whether an individual should be on the right path
or on the wrong path comes into effect. This is a decision taken
with full justice by the divine program. Since the program is
designed by Allah for this purpose, the decision the program
takes is the decision of Allah Himself; in other words, it is as
Allah wills. The messages “Allah guides whom He pleases”
and “Allah leaves astray whom He wills”, etc. can be explained
and understood that way. If verses about divine guidance are
viewed in the light of this explanation, there will not be any
confusion or ambiguity about their meaning and the process of
Allah‟s guidance can be understood with clarity. For instance,
consider the following verses.
‫يام ْك ا َوْكِك ِكه ُكم ْك‬

‫اَت ِك ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫اااال ِكْل ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ااْلَواْكػ َوه ُكر ِكآتا‬ ‫مَو ِن ْكما ۖ َوْك‬ٙ‫تايػَو ْكه ِكيه ْكم َوارػُّ ُكه ْكما ِكِكإ‬ ‫إ َّزفاااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫اآمُكواا َو َو ُكو َّز َو‬
‫تاااَّزعِك ِكام‬‫جَّز ِك‬
‫َو‬
10:9 Those who believe and do good deeds, their Lord will
guide them because of their Faith. (They will be) in Gardens of
bliss with rivers flowing beneath them.
‫تا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما ِكَووكِك ٍءا‬
39:41 Verily We have sent down the Book (the Quran) to you
(i.e., Prophet Muhammad) in truth for mankind. Then whoever
accepts guidance benefits his own soul and whoever strays
(from it) does so against it (i.e., his own soul). You (Prophet
Muhammad) are not given the responsibility over them.
‫ابا َواِك ٌما‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫إِك َّزفاااَّز ِكذي َواَلايػ ِكمُك َو ِك ِك‬
ٌ ‫وفا ِكآيَو تاااَّزه َواَلايػَو ْكه ِكيه ُكماااَّزهُكا َو َوَلُك ْكما َو َوذ‬ ‫َو ُك ْك‬
16:104 Those who do not believe in the verses of Allah (the
Quran), Allah will not guide and they have a grievous penalty.
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫اِك ػعَوماااَّز ِكذي ا ُك ُكوااااْكعِكْكما َواَّزه ْك ِك‬
‫ااْلَو ُّقام ْك َوارِّل َو افَوػُكػ ْك مُكواا ِكهافَوػُك ْكخِك َو‬
‫تااَوهُكا ُكػُكوػُك ُكه ْكما ۗ ا َو إِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا‬ ‫َو ُك‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو َو‬
‫ام ْك َو ِكق امٍء‬
‫َو ُك‬
‫َوَل ِكداااَّز ِكذي اآمُكوااإِك َو ٰىَل ِك‬
‫اص اطٍء‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫َو‬
22:54 And (that trial is also) for the possessors of knowledge
to know that it (the Quran) is the truth from your Lord and
thereby they believe in it and their minds become humble
towards it. Verily Allah is the Guide of the believers to the
straight path.
‫ِك‬
‫َوااَّزذي َو اا ْك َو َو ْك َو‬
‫ااز َواد ُك ْكما ُك ًن ا َوآ َو ُك ْكما َوػ ْكق َووا ُك ْكما‬
47:17 To those who accept the right path, He will increase the
guidance and bestow God-consciousness on them.
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا َو يػَو ْكه ِكياإِكاَوْك ِكها‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫وؿاااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫اك َوفُك اااَو ْكوَوَلا ُكاْك ِكَوؿا َو َوْكهاآيَوٌام ْك َوارِّلها ۗ ا ُك ْك اإ َّزفاااَّزهَوايُكض ُّ َو‬ ‫َو يػَو ُكق ُك‬
‫َوم ْك ا َواَو َوا‬
‫ب‬
13:27 And the unbelievers say: “Why is a sign not sent to him
from his Lord? Say: “Truly Allah leaves to stray whom He
wills and He guides to Himself those who turn to Him in
penitence, those who believe and pacify their minds with the
remembrance of Allah. Does the remembrance of Allah not
pacify minds? Those who believe and do good deeds, they
have (every) blessing and excellent destination.
‫ام ْك ُك ًنورا‬
‫اس ْكعُكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬ ‫ام ْك ِكم ٌ افَوأُك ٰىاَوئِك َو َو‬
‫اك َوف َو‬ ‫اس ْكعَوػ َوه ا َو ُك َوو ُك‬ ‫ااْل ِكخَوَوةا َو َوس َوع ٰى َو‬
‫اَلَو َو‬ ‫َو َوم ْك ا َوَور َواد ْك‬
17:19 Whoever wishes for the Hereafter and strives for that as
believer, they are the ones whose effort will be thanked
(rewarded).
‫َوفاااَّزهَو َواَلايػَو ْكه ِكياااْك َوق ْكوَوـاااْك َو فِك ِكي َو ا ُك ٰىاَوئِك َو ا‬
‫ااْل ِكخَوةِكا َو َّز‬
‫اااْلَوَو َوةااا ُّ اْكػَو ا َو َو ْك‬‫ااسَو َوحُّو ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ٰىَوذا َو ا ِكأَوا ُكػَّزه ُكم ْك‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫ل ِكرِك ْكما ۖ ا َو ُك ٰىاَوئِك َو ا ُك ُكماااْكغَو فِكُك َو‬ ‫ِكِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ااَّزذي َو اطَوَو َوعاااَّزهُكا َو َو ٰى ا ُكػُكوِب ْكما َو َوْسْكع ِكه ْكما َو َوْك َو‬
16:107-108 That is because they love the life of this world
more than the Hereafter and that Allah will not guide the
disbelieving people. They are the ones whose minds, hearing
and vision Allah has sealed up and they are the ones (who are)
the unmindful.
‫تا ۗ ام اي ِكإاااَّزهاي ِك‬ ‫ااَّز ِكذي َو ِك ِك‬

‫ض ْكهُكا َو َوم ْك ايَو َو أْك َوْك‬
‫اٖم َوع ْكهُكا َو َو ٰى ا‬ ‫ْكم ِكآتاااظُُّك َو ِك َو ْك َو َو ُك ُك ْك‬ ‫اك َّزذ ُكواا آيَو َو ُك‬
ٌ ‫اصما َو ُك‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫ام ْك َو ِكق امٍء‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬
‫صَواط ُك‬
6:39 Those who reject our revelations (the Quran) are deaf
and dumb in the darkness. Whom Allah wills, He leaves him to
go astray and whom He wills, He places him on the straight
way.
‫امَّزةٍءا َو اَو َوذ ُكرُك ْكم ِكآتاطُك ْكغَو ِكِنِك ْكمايػَو ْكع َو ُكه َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫اك َو ِك ِكِك‬
‫اَلْكايػُك ْك مُكواا ها َوَّز َوؿ َو‬ ‫ل َورُك ْكم َو َو‬
‫اػُك َوقِّل ِك‬
‫با َوفْكئ َو َوػ ُكه ْكما َو َوْك َو‬
‫َو ُك‬
6:110 We will make their mental faculties and their sights
waver as in the first instance when they refused to believe in it
and We will leave them free to wander blindly in their
trespasses.
‫ااك َّزاآي ٍء َواَلايػ ِكمُكو ِك‬

‫ااِبَو ا‬ ‫ااْلَو ِّلقا َو إِك ْكفايػَوَو ْك ُك َو ُك ْك‬ ‫ضا ِكغَو ْكِك ْك‬ ‫ؼا َو ْك اآيَو ِكِتَواااَّز ِكذي َو ايػَوَو َو َّزػُك َوف ِكآت ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫َوص ِك ُك‬
‫َوسأ ْك‬
‫اسِك ًنَلا ۚ ا ٰىذَواِك َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّزخ ُكذ هُكاسِك ًنَلا إِك ْكفايػ ِك‬
‫ااس َواااْكغَو ِّل ايػَوَّزخ ُكذ هُك َو‬
‫َو َو َوَو ْك َو‬
‫إِك ْكفايػ ااسِك اااُّ ْك ِك َواَلايػ ِك‬
‫َو‬ ‫َو َوَو ْك َو َو‬
‫اك َّزذ ُكواا ِكآيَو َو ا َو َوك اُكواا َوْكػ َوه ا َو ف َوا‬ ‫ِكأَوا ُكػَّزه ْكم َو‬
7:146 I (Allah) will divert from My revelations (the Quran)
those who are unjustly arrogant (rejecters) on the earth. Even if
they see all (Our) revelations (the Quran), they will not believe
in them. And when they see the right path, they will not accept
it as the (right) path. But if they see the path of error, they will
accept it as the (right) path. That is because they have treated
Our revelations (the Quran) as falsehood and they were
heedless of them.
‫َوا ْك ُكا َو َوْك ِكه ْكمااػَوَوأَواااَّز ِكذياآ َوػْكػَو هُكاآيَو ِكَو افَو اْك َو َو َوخ ِكامْكػ َوه افَوأَوْكػَوػ َوعهُكااا َّز ْكطَو ُكفافَو َو َوف ِكام َو اااْكغَو ِكي َوا‬
7:175 Recite to them the story of the man to whom We gave
Our revelations (the Quran), but he got out of them. So Satan
made him its (Satan‟s) follower and he went astray.
‫اَلُك ْكما ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو ا‬
‫امَّزًنةافَوػَو ْك ايػَو ْكغ ِكفَو اااَّزهُك َو‬ ‫اَلم ِك‬
‫اسْكع َو َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫اَلُكما َو َواَلا َو َوػ ْكغ ِكف َو ِك‬
‫اَلُك ْكماإ ْكفا َو ْك َوػ ْكغف ْك َوُك ْك َو‬ ‫ْك ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫اسَوػ ْكغف ْك َو ْك ْك‬ ‫ْك‬
‫اك َوفُك اا ِك اَّز ِكها َو َور ُكسواِكِكها ۗ ا َوااَّزهُك َواَلايػَو ْكه ِكياااْك َوق ْكوَوـاااْك َوف ِكس ِكق َوا‬
‫ِكأَوا ُكػَّزه ْكم َو‬
9:80 Whether you (O Muhammad!) ask for their forgiveness
or not, (they will not be forgiven). If you ask seventy times for
their forgiveness, Allah will not forgive them. That is because
they did not believe in Allah and His messenger. And Allah
does not guide the rebellious people.
‫اَلُك ْكم ِكام ْك ااَو ِكص ِكي َوا‬ ‫إِك ْكفا َوْك ِكصا َو ا َو ا مافَوِكإ َّزفاااَّزه َواَلايػه ِكيام اي ِك‬
‫ض ُّا ۖ ا َو َوم َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو ْك ُك‬ ‫ْك َو ٰى ُك ُك ْك‬
16:37 (Even) if you (O Muhammad!) crave for their guidance,
(it will be of no avail). Verily, Allah will not guide the one who
goes (himself) astray. And there is none to help them.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اك َوف ِكآتاااض َو ِك‬
‫ابا‬
‫اام ايُكو َو ُك َوفاإ َّزم اااْك َوع َوذ َو‬ ‫اارَوْك َو‬ ‫ام ًّاا ۚ َو‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتاإذَو َو‬ ‫َّزَلاَو افَوػ ْكَو ْك ُك ْكدااَوهُكاااَّز ْك ٰىَو ُك َو‬ ‫ام ْك َو‬
‫ُك ْك َو‬
‫اجْك ًن اا َو يَوِكي ُك اااَّزهُكاااَّز ِكذي َو اا ْك َو َو ْك اا ُك ًن ا‬
‫َوض َوع ُك ُك‬ ‫ام َو اًن ا َو ْك‬ ‫ام ْك ا ُك َووا َو َو‬ ‫وف َو‬‫َو إِك َّزم ااا َّز َو َوافَو َو َوػ ْكعَو ُك َو‬
‫امَو ًّدااا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ۗ ا ااْك ِك ت َّز ِك‬
‫اخْكػٌ ا ْك َو َوارِّل َو اثػَو َووا ًن ا َو َوخْكػٌ َو‬ ‫ت َو‬ ‫ااال ْلَو ُك‬ ‫َو َو َو ُك‬
19:75-76 Say: If anyone is on the wrong path, the Most

Merciful (i.e., Allah) gives a long (rope) to them until they see
the warning of Allah – either the punishment or the (Final)
Hour. Then they will realize who is worse in position and
weaker in army. And Allah enhances guidance to those who
are on the right path. Lasting good deeds are the best as reward
with your Lord and the best in respect of (their) eventual
returns.
‫سا ِكظَو َّزَلٍءـااِكْك َوعِك ِكا‬ ‫َّز َّز‬ ‫ٰىَوذاِك ِكاِب ا َو َّزم ِك‬
‫تا َويْك ي ُك ْكما َو َوفااا هَوااَوْك َو‬
‫َو َو َو ْك‬
8:51 That is because of (the deeds) your hands had done
before and (because) Allah is never unfair to His servants.
‫اام ا ِكأَواْكػ ُكف ِك ِكه ْكما ۙ ا َو َّز‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَوا‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰىذَواِك َو ا ِكأ َّز‬
‫َوفاااَّزهَو َو‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتايػُكغَوِّلػُك َو‬
‫امغَوِّلػًنااا ْكع َو ًنا َواْكػ َوع َو َوه ا َو َو ٰى ا َوػ ْكوـ َو‬
‫اَلْكايَو ُك ُك‬
‫َوِكْس ٌعا َو ِك ٌام‬
8:53 That is because Allah will not change the mercy He
bestowed on a people until they bring about change in
themselves. And verily, Allah hears and knows (all things).
‫اسُكػَوَو ا ۚ ا َو إِك َّزفاااَّزهَوااَو َو َوعاااْك ُك ْكح ِك ِك َوا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َّزه ْكم ُك‬ ‫َوااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫اج َو ُك ااف َو ااَوَوػ ْكه يػَو ػ ُك‬
29:69 And those who strive in Our (cause), We will certainly
guide them to Our path. And verily Allah is with those who do
good.
‫اَلُك ْكم ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوض َّزاااَّزهُكا ۖ ا َو َوم َو‬ ‫َو ِك اا ػَّزَو َوعاااَّزذي َو اظَوَو ُك واا َو ْك َووا َو ُك ْكما غَو ْكِك ا ْك ٍءما ۖ افَو َو ْك ايػَو ْكه َو‬
‫يام ْك ا َو‬
‫اَو ِكص ِكي َوا‬
30:29 But the wrongdoers follow their own lusts without any
knowledge. Then who can guide those whom Allah leaves
astray? There is none to help them.
‫اسِك ِك ِكها ۖ ا َو ُك َووا َو ْك َو ُكما ِك اْك ُك ْكهَو ِكي َوا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫إ َّزف َوارَّز َو ا ُك َووا َو ْك َو ُكم َو‬
‫ام ْك ايَوض ُّا َو ْك َو‬
6:117 Verily, your Lord knows best who goes astray from His
path and He also knows best who attains true guidance.
‫َوض ُّ ِكاِمَّز ِك اا ػَّزَو َوعا َو َوواهُكا ِكغَو ْكِك ا ُك ًن ا‬ ‫اَلْكايَو ْك َو ِكج ُكواااَو َو افَو ْك َو ْكما َوَّزٔمَو ايػَوَّزِك ُكع َو‬
‫وفا َو ْك َووا َو ُك ْكما ۚ ا َو َوم ْك ا َو‬ ‫فَوِكإ ْكف َو‬
‫ِكم َو اااَّز ِكها ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَو َواَلايػَو ْكه ِكياااْك َوق ْكوَوـاااظَّز اِك ِك َوا‬
28:50 But if they do not answer you (O Prophet Muhammad),
then understand that they only follow their own lusts. And who
is more misguided than the one who follows own lusts without
an iota of guidance from Allah. Verily, Allah will not guide the
wrongdoers.
‫وفا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ام ْك ايػُك ْك م ُك ا آيَو َو افَوػ ُكه ْكم ُك‬
‫ت ِكاِبَو ِكدياااْك ُكع ِك ا َو َو ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اض َوَلاَو ه ْكما ۖ اإ ْكفا ُك ْك ُكعاإَّزَل َو‬ ‫ْك ْك‬ ‫َو َوم ا َواْك َو‬
27:81 And you (Prophet Muhammad) cannot guide the blind
out of their straying. You can make listen only those who
believe in Our revelations (the Quran) submitting themselves
(to Allah).
‫ض ا ۗ ا َواَو ساااَّزها ِكع ِكي ٍء ِك‬
‫اذياااْكِك َوق ٍءـا‬ ‫م ايػه ِكاااَّزهافَو ااَوه ِكام ِك‬
‫ام ٍّ ْك َو ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو ْك ُك َو ُك ْك ُك‬
39:37 And whoever Allah guides, none can mislead him
either. Is not Allah mighty to mete out punishment?
Thus it is clear that Allah‟s program guides only those
who take initiative to accept Allah‟s guidance (the Quran) and
submit to Him voluntarily. Conversely, Allah‟s program does
not guide the one who accepts the Satan and ignore Allah‟s
revelations. And if a person gets Allah‟s guidance none can
mislead him or if a person does not get Allah‟s guidance, none
can guide him either.
In the overall guidance process, Satan virus acts against
man. Allah describes it as the avowed enemy of man (see
chapter 12). One‟s success in getting divine guidance therefore
rests on his preparedness to counter the action of Satan virus
effectively. Allah warns against it.
‫اتااا َّز ْكطَو ِكفافَوِكإاَّزهُكايَوأْك ُكمُك ا‬‫اتااا َّز طَو ِكفا ۚ ا م ايػَّزِكعاخطُكو ِك‬ ‫ااَلا َوػَّزِكعوااخطُكو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َو ْك َو ْك ُك َو‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫اآمُكو َو ُك ُك َو‬ ‫يَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫َوح ٍءا َوَو ًن اا َو ٰىاَو ِك َّز ا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك اْك َوفح َو ِك ا ااْك ْك َو ِك ا ۚ ا اَووَوَلافَو ْك ِك‬
‫ض ُكاااَّزها َو َوْك ُك ْكما َو َور ْك َوُكهُك َو‬
‫ام َوازَوك ٰى امْك ُك ْكمام ْك ا َو‬ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫ْك َو ُك‬
‫اْس ٌعا َو ٌام‬ ۗ ‫ااَّزهَوايػُكَوِّلك َو‬
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا ا َواا هُك َو‬
24:21 “O you who believe! Follow not the footsteps of Satan.

If any will follow the footsteps of Satan, it will (but) command
what is shameful and wrong….”
The Satan cannot influence Allah‟s obedient sincere
servants (Q. 38:79-83). Only those who do not resist its
temptations fall an easy prey to it and get themselves trapped
and strayed.
‫تاااْك َو ْكعُك ِكوـا َو َوؿا‬
‫وفا َو َوؿافَوِكإاَّز َو ِكام اااْك ْكظَو ِكي اإِك َو ٰىَلايػوِكـاااْكوْك ِك‬
‫َو ُك َو َو ْك َو‬ ‫بافَوأَواْك ِكظ ْكِكِّناإِك َو ٰىَلايػَو ْكوِكـايػُكْكػ َوعثُك َو‬ ‫َو َوؿ َوار ِّل‬
‫َوَجعِك اإِكَّزَلا ِك د َوؾ ِكامْكػهماااْك خَو ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ل َو اا‬ ‫َو َو ُك ُك ُك ْك‬ ‫َّزه ْكما ْك َو َو‬ ‫فَوِكعَّز َو َواْلُك ْك ِكويػَو ػ ُك‬
38:79-83 (Iblis) said: O my Lord! Give me then respite till the
day of their resurrection. (Allah) said: Respite is indeed granted
to you till the day of the appointed time. (Iblis) said: Then with
Your power, I will put them all in the wrong except Your
sincere servants among them.
Allah further reminds us to remember Him and seek
refuge in Him in order to foil Satan‟s attempt when its action is
detected.
‫اْس ٌعا َو ِك ٌماإِك َّزفاااَّز ِكذي َو اا ػ َوَّزق ْكواا‬
‫إِك َّزم ايػْكػ َوَّز َو ِكام ااا َّز طَو ِكفااػَو غٌافَو س عِك ْكذا ِك اَّز ِكها ۚ اإِكاَّزه َوِك‬
‫ُك‬ ‫ْك ْك َو‬ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫َو َو َو‬
‫امْكلُك َوفا‬ ‫اام َّز ُكه ْكماطَو ئ ٌ ام َو ااا َّز ْكطَو فا َو َوذ َّزكُك اافَوإذَواا ُك ْكم ُك‬
‫إذَو َو‬
7:200-201 If a suggestion from Satan assails your (mind), seek
refuge with God; for He hears and knows (all things). Those
who fear God, when an evil thought from Satan assaults them,
bring God to remembrance when lo! They see alright.
How to detect Satan‟s intereference on our minds is an
important question in this context. Since the Satan‟s aim is to
divert man from Allah‟s path, it is imperative that that we
should have full knowledge of Allah‟s directives in the Quran
to identify whether a suggestion or information that pops up on
mind is in conformity or at variance with the Quran. If it is at
variance with the Quran, it can be adjudged as from Satan
virus. Then seek refuge with Allah. That will effectively
counter the satanic influence. We should be always on guard

against Satan to stay on the path of Allah. This will indeed be
impossible for a person who does not have sufficient
knowledge of Allah‟s commandments in the Quran. Expansion
or shrinking of one‟s memory (meaning increased or reduced
size of one‟s Islamic knowledgebase) mentioned in some
verses is suggestive of this. This aspect has been dealt in detail
earlier (see discussion on sadr in chapter 11). Therefore study
of the Quran to have a thorough understanding of Allah‟s
directives is a must to keep ourselves from the clutches of
Satan and on the right track.
A Muslim is not just a believer (mu‟min). He is one
who voluntarily submits to Allah in all humility by leading his
life as per Allah‟s directives. Based on verse 3:83, religion
Islam has been defined in chapter 5 as Allah‟s instructions and
Muslim as the one who follows Allah‟s instrcuctions (i.e.,
Islam). Accordingly all the components (excluding man) of the
universe (both nonliving and living systems) are considered
Muslims as they all obediently and compulsorily submit to
Him. Islam is therefore the natural religion (see chapter 5 for a
detailed discussion). Their‟s is a compulsory submission as
they function as per Allah‟s instructions (software) immanent
in them. They are all totally programmed systems like man-
made robots. But the case of human being is different. Man can
either obey or disobey Allah as he is bestowed with freewill.
An individual attains guidance through voluntary acceptance of
Allah‟s instructions and living accordingly. What does the
voluntary transformation into Muslim mean? A human
individual can become Muslim if he performs his conscious
activities (i.e., those decided by mind) as per Allah‟s directives.
To the nation of Prophet Muhammad, the divine instructions
conveyed in the Quran constitute the religious software. One
should therefore study and comprehend all the instructions in
the Quran. That in fact forms the first and foremost duty of an
individual. Learning Allah‟s commandments means, to use the
computer jargon, to store the divine directives in one‟s
memory. This is like installing a software in his biosystem.

Now the mind should follow these directives in all its
functions. The person will then be leading his life in
accordance with Allah‟s directives. That will make the
individual a Muslim. He is now comparable to any of Allah‟s
creations.
The voluntary submission can be made clearer with an
example. We come across situations in our daily life wherein
human mind does not exercise its freewill but accepts certain
things as such. A typical example is the citizens of a country
accept the rules and laws prescribed by the government. For
instance, while driving car one obeys traffic rules. If the red
light is on, he stops the vehicle. No one violates this rule. This
is equivalent to forgoing one‟s freewill and acting as per the
installed instructions; in this case, the traffic rules. Similarly
voluntary acceptance of Allah‟s directives by an individual will
make him a totally programmed robot of Allah despite having
freewill. The individual who accepts the Quranic directives and
lives accordingly in effect forgoes his freewill and transforms
himself into a totally programmed robot of Allah. In other
words, not only the biological activities (that go on inside his
biosystem as per the biosoftware) but also the conscious
activities commanded by mind (qalb) will also be now
governed by the divine directions. He will no longer be living
according to his likes and dislikes but only according to the
will of his Creator. He will have no intention or interest of his
own in this life other than living to the best satisfaction of
Allah. He becomes a dedicated robot of Allah – the true
Muslim. Allah‟s interests will become his interests, Allah‟s
desires will become his desires, Allah‟s dislikes will become
his dislikes, and so on. Every action of his will be as directed
by Allah. Allah‟s free-willed robot is now a totally
programmed dedicated robot. Functionally he becomes a robot
without freewill. It is such people whom Allah refers to as
“muttaqeen” – the God-fearing or God-conscious robots. They
are the true Muslims.
Death - termination of the test period

Death in the life of human beings on this Earth is
ordained to terminate the divine test. It marks the end of one‟s
test life.
‫ااَّز ِكذياخَوقاااْك وتا ْك ِك‬
‫َوح َو ُك ا َو َو ًنَلا ا َو ُك َوواااْك َوع ِكيُك اااْكغَو ُكف ُك‬
‫ورا‬ ۚ ‫اْلَوَو ةَوااَوْكػُك َووُكك ْكما َويُّ ُك ْكما ْك‬ ‫َو َو َو ْك َو َو‬
67:2 (He) who created death and life to test which of you is
best in deed. And He is the Mighty, Oft-Forgiving.
Allah has fixed lifespan for each individual. This means
one‟s period of testing is pre-determined by Allah.
‫ام َو ًّ ا ِكْك َو هُكا ۖ ُك‬ ‫واااَّز ِكذياخَو َوق ُك م ِكام ِك‬
‫اط ٍء ُك‬
‫اّتَّزا َواْكػُك ْكم َواَتْكَوػُك َوفا‬ ‫َوج ًنَلا ۖ ا َو َو‬
‫َوج ٌ ُك‬ ‫ض ٰى ا َو‬
‫اّتَّزا َو َو‬ ‫َو ْك ْك‬ ‫ُك َو‬
6:2 It is He Who created you from clay and then decreed a
term (for you). And there is with Him another pre-determined
term; yet you doubt!
‫سا ۖ ا َو َو َوؿا َوْك اِكَو ُكؤُك ْكم ِكام َو ْكِك‬
‫ااْلاْك ِك‬
‫سا‬ ‫ااسَو ْك ثَوػ ْك ُكْكُت ِكام َو ْكِك‬
‫ااْلاْك ِك‬ ‫اَج ع اي امع ْكِك ِك‬
‫ااْل ِّل ا َو ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫اٗم ُك ُك ُك ْكم َو ًن َو َو ْك َو َو‬ ‫َو يػَو ْكوَوـ َوْك‬
‫اخ اِك ِكي َو ا‬ ‫تااَوَو ا ۚ ا َو َوؿاااَّز ُكر َو‬
‫امثْكػ َوو ُكاك ْكم َو‬ ‫َوجَوَو اااَّز ِكذيا َّز‬
‫َوج ْك َو‬ ‫ضا َو ػَوَو ْكغَو ا َو‬ ‫ضَو ا ِكَوػ ْكع ٍء‬
‫ااسَو ْك َو َوعا ػَو ْكع ُك‬
‫َورػَّزَو ْك‬
‫اح ِك ٌما َو ِك ٌام‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ا َو َواااَّزهُكا ۗ اإ َّزف َوارَّز َو َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫ف َوه اإَّزَل َو‬
6:128 The Day He gathers them (humans and jinns) all
together (and say): “O assembly of jinns! You have (misled)
many of the human beings.” The (jinn‟s) friends among human
beings will say: “Our Lord! We took advantage with each other
and we have reached the end of our term assigned for us by
You.” Allah will say: “The Fire is your dwelling place. You
(all) except whom Allah wishes will dwell therein for ever.”
Verily your Lord is Wise, Omniscient.
‫اّتَّزااِكَوْكػُكغُكواا َو ُك َّز ُكك ْكما‬ ‫ا٘مْك ِكج ُك م ِك‬
‫اط ْكف ًنَل ُك‬ ‫اّتَّز ُك ُك ْك‬‫اّتَّز ِكام ْك ا َو َو َوق ٍء ُك‬
‫اب ُك‬‫ياخَو َوق ُك م ِكام ا ػُك ٍء‬
‫ُك َوواااذ َو ْك ْك َو‬
‫َّز ِك‬
‫ام َو ًّ ا َو اَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َوػ ْكع ِكقُك َوا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وف‬ ‫ام ْك ايػُكَوػ َوو َّزٰىْتام ْك ا َوػْك ُكا ۖ ا َو اَوْكػُكغُكواا َو‬
‫َوج ًنَل ُك‬ ‫وخ ا ۚ ا َو مْك ُك ْكم َو‬
‫ُكّتَّزااَو ُك واُكواا ُك ُك ًن‬
40:67 It is He who created you from dust, then from a sperm-
drop, then from a leech-like clot. Then He brings you out (from
the womb) as a baby, then you (grow) to attain your full
development and then you become old – (although there are)
some among you who die earlier – and to reach a pre-

determined term and that you may think (and understand).
‫اخِك ٌ ِكاِبَو ا َوػ ْكع َو ُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫َوجُك َوه ا ۚ ا َوااَّزهُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو اَو ْك ايػُك َو ِّلخَو اااَّزهُكااػَو ْكف ًن اإذَو َو‬
‫ااج َوا َو‬
63:11 But Allah does not grant respite to any soul when (the
end of) its term is reached. And Allah knows well (all) that you
do.
Since lifespan has already been fixed by Allah, death
becomes a programmed phenomenon. It is pre-determined in
the biosoftware of the individual (Q. 3:145; 4:78).
‫ابااا ُّ اْكػَو ااػُك ْك ِكِكه ِكامْكػ َوه ا‬
‫ام َو َّزج ًنَلا ۗ ا َو َوم ْك ايُكِكْكداثػَو َوو َو‬
‫سا ْكَوف َواَتُك ِك ِكِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫وتاإَّزَلا إ ْكذفاااَّزهاكَو ًن ُك‬ ‫َو‬ ‫اك َوفااِكَوػ ْكف ٍء‬ ‫َو َوم َو‬
‫ااْل ِكخَوةِكااػُك ْك ِكِكه ِكامْكػ َوه ا ۚ ا َو َوسَو ْكج ِكيااا َّز كِك ِكي َوا‬
‫اب ْك‬‫َو َوم ْك ايُكِكْكداثػَو َوو َو‬
3:145 None can die without Allah‟s consent, the term being
fixed as by writing. Whoever desires the reward of this world,
We will give it to him; and whoever desires the reward of the
Hereafter, We will give that to him. And We will reward the
grateful.
‫ٍء ِك ِك‬
‫اح َو َو ٌايػَو ُكقواُكواا‬ ‫اكْكُك ْكم ِكآتا ػُكُك ٍءج ُك‬
‫ام َو َّز َو ةا ۗ ا َو إ ْكفا ُكلْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬ ‫تا َو اَو ْكو ُك‬ ‫َويْكػَو َو ا َو ُك واُكواايُك ْك ِكرْكك ُك ُكماااْك َو ْكو ُك‬
‫اك ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫اسِّلئَو ٌايػَو ُكقواُكواا ٰىَو ِكذهِك ِكام ْك ا ِكْك ِك َوؾا ۚ ا ُك ْك ُك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ٰىَو ذهام ْك ا ْك اااَّزها ۖ ا َو إ ْكفا ُكلْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬
‫وف ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫ْك اااَّزها ۖ افَو َو ؿا ٰىَو ُكَوَل اااْك َوق ْكوـ َواَلايَو َو ُكد َوفايػَو ْكف َوق ُكه َو َو‬
‫اح يثًن‬
4:78 Wherever you are, death will find you out, even if you
are in forts built strong and high! If some good befalls them,
they will say, “This is from Allah”. But if some bad happens to
them, they will say, “This is from you (i.e., Prophet
Muhammad)”. Say: “All things are from Allah.” What
happened to these people? They do not understand a thing!
Death of a person in the normal course occurs when the
END instruction in his biomemome (nafs) is reached. Deletion
of the biomemome from the body cells takes place then (Q.
6:93). The software is no longer present in the body and the
body loses all its life properties (also see chapter 9). Death thus
terminates one‟s test life on Earth.
‫وحاإِكاَوْك ِكها َو ْك ٌا َو َوم ْك ا َو َوؿا‬ ‫ِلا َو َوَلْكايُك َو‬ ‫َو َوم ْك ا َوظْكَو ُكم ِكاِمَّز ِك اافْكػَوػَو ٰى ا َو َو اااَّز ِكه َو‬
‫اك ِكذ ًن ا َوْك ا َو َوؿا ُك ِكح َو اإِك َوَّز‬
‫تا َوااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ُكا َو ِكسطُكوا‬ ‫اتاااْك و ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وف ِكآتا َو َو َو َو ْك‬ ‫ام ا َواْكػَو َوؿاااَّزهُكا ۗ ا َو اَو ْكوا َوػَو ٰى اإِك ِكذاااظَّز اِك ُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوسأُكاْك ِكُكؿامثْك َو َو‬
‫وفا َو َو اااَّز ِكها َوْكػَو ا‬ ‫وف ِكاِبَو ُك‬ ‫ااَل ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اكْكُك ْكما َوػ ُكقواُك َو‬ ‫اب ْكُك‬ ‫اَتَو ْك َوفا َو َوذ َو‬ ‫َويْك ِكيه ْكما ْك‬
‫َوخ ِك ُكجواا َواْكػ ُكف َو ُك ُكما ۖ اااْكَوػ ْكوَوـ ُكْك‬
‫ْكِب َواف‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬
‫اْلَو ِّلقا َو ُككْكُك ْكما َو ْك اآيَو ها َو ْك َو ُك‬ ‫ْك‬
6:93 Who is more wicked than the one who fabricates lie
about Allah or (who) says, “I have received message (i.e., wahy
from Allah)” when he has received nothing or who says, “I can
reveal the like of what Allah has sent down (i.e., the Quran)”?
If you could see the wicked in their panicky state at death when
the angels stretch forth their hands (saying), “Release your
souls (anfus). On the Day (the Day of Judgement) you will be
rewarded the shameful penalty because you were telling
untruth about Allah and you were arrogant towards His
revelation (the Quran).”
‫تا َوػ َووفَّزػْكهُكا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوح َو ُكك ُكماااْك َو ْكو ُك‬
‫ااج َوا َو‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتاإ َوذ َو‬ ‫َو ُك َوواااْك َوق ُك افَوػ ْكو َوؽا َو دها ۖ ا َو يػُكْكس ُكا َو َوْك ُك ْكم َو‬
‫اح َوفظَو ًن َو‬
‫ُكر ُكسُكَو ا َو ُك ْكم َواَلايػُك َوفِّلطُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
6:61 He is the Supreme Authority over His servants and He
sends sentinels (to watch) over you. And when death
approaches one of you, Our messengers (angels) takes him (his
soul) and they never fail in their duty.
‫تاااَّز ِكذيا ُكِّلك َوا ِك ُك ْكم ُك‬
‫اّتَّزاإِك َو ٰىَل َوارِّل ُك ْكما ُكػ ْك َوج ُكع َو‬
‫وفا‬ ‫ُك ايػ ػوفَّز ُككمامَو اااْك و ِك‬
‫ْك َوَو َو ْك َو ُك َو ْك‬
32:11 Say: The angel of death put in charge of you will take
your (soul at death); then you will be brought back to your
Lord.
‫ِك‬ ‫اَل َواَتُكت ِكآت ِك‬ ‫اح ِك‬ ‫ااْلَواْكػ ُكف ِك‬
‫ض ٰى ا َو َوْكػ َوه ا‬‫امَو م َوه ا ۖ افَوػُك ْك ُك اااَّزِكِتا َو َو‬ ‫ام ْكوِتَو ا َوااَّزِكِت َوْك ْك َو‬ ‫س َو َو‬ ‫َّز‬
‫اا هُكايػَوَوػ َوو َّزْت ْك َو‬
‫ااْلُكخ ٰى اإِك َو ٰىَلا َوج ٍء ام ًّ ا ۚ اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َواْلي ٍء‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫َو ُك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫تا َو يػُكْكس ُك ْك ْك َو‬
‫ااْك َو ْكو َو‬
39:42 Allah takes the souls at the time of death; and those
who did not die (He takes) during their sleep. Those on whom
He has passed the decree of death, He retains (the soul), but the
rest He sends (back to their bodies) for a term appointed.

Verily in that are signs for people who think.
‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫َّزه ِكر ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام َو ًّ ا‬
‫ض ٰى ا َو‬
‫اّتَّزايػَوْكػ َوعثُك ُك ْكماف هااُكػ ْكق َو‬ ‫اجَو ْكحُك ْكما ا ػ َو‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫َو ُك َوواااَّزذيايػَوَوػ َووفَّز ُكك ْكما اَّزْك ِك ا َو يػَو ْكعَو ُكم َو‬
‫وف‬ ‫ام ْك ِكج ُكع ُك ْكم ُك‬
‫اّتَّزايػُكَوِّلئُك ُك ْكم ِكاِبَو ُك‬ ‫ۖ ُك ِك ِك‬
‫اّتَّزاإاَوْكه َو‬
6:60 It is He who takes your (soul) in the night and He
knows what you do in the day. Then He wakes you up in it
(i.e., in the day) until you complete a prescribed term (i.e.,
one‟s life span). Thereafter it is to Him you will return; then He
will inform you what you had been doing (in this life).
Verses 39:42 and 6:60 also mention about taking nafs
(biosoftware) of a person during sleep. However, the verses
also subsequently state that the nafs is retained in the body
after sleep till the expiry of lifespan. „Taking nafs during sleep‟
is not everyday affair. Therefore the verses effectively convey
that the nafs of those whose lifespan is over during the sleep
will only be deleted from the body. The others will have their
nafs intact in the body till the end of their term.
Death is a certainty (Q. 21:35); none can escape it.
However, Allah may extend or shorten the lifespan of a person
as He wills (Q. 35:11). Suicide committed by any has to be
treated as an act of his own will as can be inferred from Allah‟s
instruction not to take one‟s life (Q. 6:151). It is not a pre-
determined act.
‫اْلَوْكِك افِكْكػَو ًنا ۖ ا َو إِكاَوْكػَو ا ُكػ ْك َوج ُكع َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫سا َوذائِكَوق ُكاااْك و ِك‬
‫تا ۗ ا َو اػَوْكػُكوُكك ْكما ِك ا َّز ِّل ا َو ْك‬ ‫َو ْك‬ ‫ُكك ُّااػَو ْكف ٍء‬
21:35 Everyone will taste death. We test you by evil and by
good as a trial and you will be brought back to Us.
‫ِك ِك‬ ‫اّتَّز ِكام ْك ااُكطْك َوف ٍء ُك‬ ‫اخَو َوق ُك م ِكام ا ُكػ ٍء‬ ‫َّز‬
‫اج ا ۚ ا َو َوم ا َوْك ُكام ْك ا ُكاْكػثَو ٰى ا َوَوَلا َو َو‬
‫ض ُكعا‬ ‫اج َوعَو ُك ْكما ْكَوزَو ًن‬
‫اّتَّز َو‬ ‫اب ُك‬ ‫َواا هُك َو ْك ْك َو‬
‫با ۚ اإِك َّزفا‬ ‫إِكَّزَلا ِكعِكْك ِك ِكها ۚ ا م ايػع َّز ِكام امع َّز ٍء ا َوَلايػْكػ َوقص ِكام ا ُك ِكهِكاإِكَّزَل ِكآتاكِكَو ٍء‬
‫َو َو ُك َو ُك ْك ُك َو َو ُك ُك ْك ُك‬
‫ٰىَوذاِك َو ا َو َو اااَّز ِكهايَو ِك ٌا‬
35:11 And Allah created you from dust; then from a sperm-
drop; then He made you mates. And no female conceives or
delivers without His knowledge. No man is granted extension

of life nor is his lifespan shortened except in accordance with
(what is given) in a Record. All that is easy for Allah.
‫احَّز َوـ َوارُّ ُك ْكما َو َوْك ُك ْكما ۖ ا َّزَوَلا ُك ْك ِكُككواا ِكِكها َو ْكئًن ا ۖ ا َو ِك اْك َووااِك َو يْك ِك اإِك ْكح َو اًن ا ۖ ا َوَوَلا‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫ُك ْك ا َوػ َوع اَو ْكواا َوْك ُك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوػ ْكقُكػُكواا َوْكَوَل َود ُكك ْكم ِكام ْك اإِك ْكم َوَل ٍءؽا ۖ َوْك‬
‫ام ا‬‫اْم ُك ااػَوْك ُكزُك ُك ْكما َو إيَّز ُك ْكما ۖ ا َوَوَلا َوػ ْكقَوُكوااااْك َوف َوواح َو َو‬
‫احَّز َوـاااَّزهُكاإِكَّزَلا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۚ ا ٰىذَواِك ُك ْكما‬
‫ساااَّزِكِت َو‬ ۖ ‫ِك‬
‫ظَو َوهَو امْكػ َوه ا َو َوم ا َوطَو َو ا ا َوَوَلا َوػ ْكقُكػُكواااا ػ ْكَّزف َو‬
‫ص ُكك ْكما ِكِكهااَو َوعَّز ُك ْكما َوػ ْكع ِكقُك َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫َو َّز‬
6:151 Say: “You come; I will tell (you) what your Lord has
forbidden to you. (These are:) Do not associate anything with
Him; do good to your parents; do not kill your children due to
poverty – We provide sustenance for you and for them; do not
approach shameful deeds whether open or secret; do not take
life, which Allah has made sacred, without justification. Thus
He instructs you about it so that you may think.”
With death the test life of an individual on this earth
comes to an end. It appears that one‟s fate whether he will go
to Heaven or Hell is also known at the time of death itself. That
means the evaluation of one‟s record of test life would also be
over at the time of death. This is evident from verse 6:93 in
which mention has been made of the panicky state in which a
wicked person (the rejecter of Faith) will face death. There are
also other verses which imply that evaluation of one‟s
performance dossier is also completed and his fate is known at
the time of death.
‫ض َوع ِكف َو ِكآتا‬
‫ام ْك َو ْك‬ ‫اكْكُك ْكما ۖ ا َو اُكو ُك‬
‫ااكَّز ُك‬ ‫إِك َّزفاااَّز ِكذي َو ا َوػ َووفَّز ُك ُكماااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ُكاظَو اِك ِك ا َواْكػ ُكف ِك ِكه ْكما َو اُكواافِك َوم ُك‬
‫ٰى ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫َّزما ۖ ا‬ ‫ضاااَّزها َواس َوع ًنافَوػُكػ َوه جُك ااف َوه ا ۚ افَوأُك اَوئ َو َو‬
‫امأْك َوا ُك ْكم َو‬
‫اج َوه ُك‬ ‫ضا ۚ ا َو اُكواا َو‬
‫َوَلْكا َو ُك ْك ا ْكَور ُك‬ ‫ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬
‫اح َو ًنا َوَوَلا‬ ‫ض َوع ِكف َو ِكام َو اااِّل َوج ِكؿا َوااِّل َو ِك ا َوااْك ِكواْك َو ِكاف َواَلايَو ْك َو ِكط ُكع َو‬
‫وف ِك‬ ‫ل ًنااإِكَّزَلاااْك ُك ْك َو ْك‬ ‫س تام ِك‬
‫َو َو َو ْك َو‬
‫اسِك ًنَلاا‬ ‫يػَو ْكهَو ُك َوف َو‬
4:97-98 When angels make those who did wrong to themselves
die, they (angels) will ask: “What (plight) were you in?” They
(i.e., the dying persons) would reply: “We were weak and
oppressed on the earth.” They (angels) would say: “Was not

the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to migrate to other
places?” Their abode is Hell. What an evil destination! Except
those men, women and children who are (really) weak and
oppressed, who have no means in their power and do not find
guidance for a way out.
‫ل ُكػ ُكه ْكم ِكام َو ا‬
‫اك َّزذبا ِكآي ِكِكها ۚ ا ُك ٰىاَوئِك َو ايػَو ُكَلمااَو ِك‬ ‫فَو ا َوظْكَوم ِكاِمَّز ِك اافْكػ ػ ٰى ا َو اااَّز ِكه َو ِك‬
‫َو ُك ْك‬ ‫اكذ ًن ا َوْك َو َو َو‬ ‫َو َو َو‬ ‫َو ْك ُك‬
ۖ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اد فااا ها ا‬ ‫وفام ْك ُك‬ ‫اكْكُك ْكما َو ْك ُك َو‬
‫ام ُك‬ ‫ااج َوْكػ ُكه ْكم ُكار ُكسُكَو ايػَوَوػ َووفَّزػ ْكواػَو ُكه ْكما َو اُكواا َويْك َو َو‬ ‫ااْك َو با ۖ َو‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتاإذَو َو‬
‫ااك فِك ِكي َوا‬
‫اك اُكو َو‬‫ااضُّواا َوَّز ا َو َو ِكه ُك اا َو َو ٰى ا َواْكػ ُكف ِك ِكه ْكما َوا ُكػَّزه ْكم َو‬
‫َو اُكو َو‬
7:37 Then who is more wicked than the one who fabricated a
lie against Allah or treated His verses as falsehood? They will
get their share from the Record. Thus when our messengers
(angels) arrive and take their (souls at death), they (angels) will
ask: “Where are those whom you used to invoke besides
Allah?” They will reply: “They all had gone away from us.”
(Thus) they will bear witness against themselves (to the fact)
that they were unbelievers.
‫ابا‬ ‫ض ِكُك َو‬
‫وفا ُك ُكجوَو ُكه ْكما َو ْكَود َو َورُك ْكما َو ذُك ُكواا َو َوذ َو‬ ‫َو اَو ْكوا َوػَو ٰى اإِك ْكذايػَوَوػ َوو َّزْتاااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫اك َوفُك اا ۙ اااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ُكايَو ْك‬
‫اْلَو ِك ِكا‬
‫يق‬ ‫ْك‬
8:50 If you could see the scene of taking (the souls of) the
unbelievers (at death) by the angels beating their faces and
their backs (saying): “You taste the penalty of burning (Fire)!”
‫ٰى ِك ِك‬ ‫ض ِكُك َو‬ ‫فَو َو ْك َو اإِكذَواا َوػ َووفَّزػْكػ ُكه ُكماااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ُكايَو ْك‬
‫طا‬
‫َوس َوخ َو‬ ‫وفا ُك ُكجوَو ُكه ْكما َو ْكَود َو َورُك ْكما َوذا َو ا أَوا ُكػَّزه ُكماا ػَّزَوػ ُكعو َو‬
‫اام ا ْك‬
‫طا َو ْك َو َوَلُك ْكماا‬‫َوحَو َو‬‫ض َووااَوهُكافَوأ ْك‬ ‫اار ْك‬ ‫ااَّزهَوا َوك ِكُك و ِك‬
‫َو‬
47:27-28 But how (will it be) when the angels take their souls
at death beating their faces and their backs? That is because
they followed what would anger Allah and they hated Allah‟s
good pleasure; so He made their deeds futile.
‫وفا‬ ‫اااْلَوَّز َو ِكاِبَو ُك‬
‫اكْكُك ْكما َوػ ْكع َو ُك َو‬ ‫ااد ُكخُكو ْك‬
‫اس َوَل ٌـا َو َوْك ُك ُكم ْك‬ ‫ااَّز ِكذي َو ا َوػَوػ َووفَّز ُك ُكماااْك َو َوَلئِك َو ُكاطَوِّلِك َو ا ۙ ايػَو ُكقواُك َو‬
‫وف َو‬
16:32 (When) the angels take (soul at death) of those who are
good, they (the angels) will tell (them): “Peace be on you. You
enter the Garden for what you did.”
These verses reveal that the angels who delete human nafs
from the body know whether the dying person is righteous or
wicked. Their questions and behaviour to the dying person do
reflect that. This means evaluation of the performance record
stored in human sadr is programmed to take place at death.
The Quran also reveals that the records of the
successful (who will enter Heaven) will be stored in Illiyyoon
(Q. 83:19) and the records of the unsuccessful (who will enter
Hell) will be stored in Sijjeen (Q. 83:7).
‫اك َّزَلاإِك َّزفاكِك باااْك ُكف َّزج ِكرااَو ِكف ِك‬
‫اس ِّلج ٍء ا م ا ْكَودر َواؾام ِك‬
‫اس ِّلج ٌ ا‬ ‫سااِكَو ِّل‬
‫باااْك َوع اَو ِك َو َو‬
‫َو َو َو َو‬ ‫َو َو‬ ‫وـاااَّز ُك‬
‫يػَو ْكوَوـايػَو ُكق ُك‬
‫وـا‬ ‫ِك‬
ٌ ‫ام ْك ُك‬
‫ب َو‬ٌ ‫كَو‬
83:6-9 A Day when (the entire) humanity will stand before the
Lord of the worlds. Nay, verily the Record of the wicked is
(preserved) in Sijjeen. And how to explain to you what Sijjeen
is? (That is) a Register Numbered.
‫ااْلَو ػ ِكارااَو ِكف ا ِكِّلِّل ا م ا ْكَودر َواؾام ا ِكِّلُّ َو ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫وفا‬
‫وـايَو ْك َوه ُك هُكاااْك ُك َوقَّزُك َو‬
ٌ ‫ام ْك ُك‬
‫ب َو‬
ٌ ‫وفاكَو‬ ‫َو َو َو َو َو‬ ‫ب ْك ْك َو‬‫َوك َّزَلاإ َّزفاكَو َو‬
83:18-21 Nay, verily the Record of the righteous is (preserved)
in Illiyyoon. And how to explain to you what Illiyyoon is?
(That is) a Register Numbered. Those nearest (angels) witness
guard) it.
Illiyyoon and Sijjeen may be thought of as distinct sectors in
the divine Memory (see Fig. 7.2). Thus it can be seen that the
record of performance of every individual during the test life
on Earth retrieved by the angel at the time of death will be
stored in either Illiyyoon or Sijjeen depending on the success or
failure of the individual in the test. It is this record that is
handed over to the individual on the Day of Judgement.
17. END OF THE DIVINE MISSION
So far we have discussed the overall human robot

testing programme of Allah that is going on Earth. We have
also seen that the death of human individual is to terminate the
test life on Earth and the end of the universe is to terminate the
whole programme of testing. We will now examine what
happens to human beings after the test and how the divine
mission ends. The universe will be re-created (see chapter 8)
following its end and human beings and all other biological
species will be resurrected. Human beings will be judged based
on their performance in the test life (on the present Earth) and
awarded Heaven or Hell. The Quran further indicates that it is
from the earth man will be resurrected.
Resurrection of man
The resurrection scenario has been described in the
Quran at many places obviously to remind man of the
impending meeting with the Creator and the Final Judgement.
Most people, however, ignore or do not believe in this
certainty.
‫اخَو ْكقَو هُك ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ُكا َو َوَلْكا‬ ‫ْكك ْكِك‬

‫ااْلاْك َو ُكفا َواَّز َو‬ ‫احًّ ا َوَوَوَلايَوذ ُك ُك‬
‫ُكخَو ُكج َو‬
‫ؼا ْك‬ ُّ ‫اام ِكام‬
‫تااَو َو ْكو َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫وؿ ْكِك‬
‫ااْلاْك َو ُكفا َوإ َوذ َو‬ ‫َو يػَو ُكق ُك‬
‫يَو ُك ا َو ْكئًن اا‬
19:66-67 Man says: What! When I am dead, shall I then be
raised up alive? But does not man call to mind that We created
him before out of nothing?
‫اب ُك‬ ‫اخَو ْكقَو ُككم ِكام ا ُكػ ٍء‬
‫ِك‬ ‫اكْك م ِكآتاري ٍء ِك‬
‫بام َو اااْكَوػ ْكعثافَوِكإاَّز َو‬ ‫ساإِك ْكف ُك ُك ْك َو ْك‬ ‫يَو ا َويػُّ َوه اااَّز ُك‬
‫َوج ٍء ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اُمَوَّز َوق ٍءااِكُك ػ ِّل َو ااَو ُك ما ۚ ا اُكِكقُّ ِكآت ْك ِك‬ ‫اُمَوَّز َوق ٍءا َو َو ْكِك ُك‬
‫ام ااَو َو ُكاإ َو ٰىَلا َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور َوح ـ َو‬ ‫ْك َو‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ام ْك‬
‫اّتَّزام ْك ُك‬ ‫َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ۖ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ْك ايػُكَوػ َوو َّزٰىْتا َو مْك ُك ْكم َو‬
‫ام ْك ايػُكَو ُّداإ َو ٰىَلا ْكَورذَوؿا‬ ‫اّتَّزااَوْكػُكغُكواا َو ُك ُكك ْكما ا َو مْك ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫آمْك ُكج ُك ْكماط ْكف ًنَل ُك‬ ‫اّتَّز ُك‬
‫ُكم َو ًّ ُك‬
‫ضا َو ِكم َو ًنةافَوِكإ َوذاا َواْكػَواْكَو ا َو َوْكػ َوه اااْك َو َوا‬ ‫ااْك ُكع ُك ِك ااِك َو ْك َوَلايػَو ْكعَو َوم ِكام ْك ا ػَو ْكع ِكا ِك ْك ٍءما َو ْكئًن ا ۚ ا َو َوػَو ْك‬
‫اِبِك يٍءا‬ ‫ت ِكام ْك ُك‬
‫اك ِّل َوازْك ٍءج َو‬ ‫تا َو َواْكػَوَو ْك‬ ‫تا َو َورَو ْك‬ ‫ا ْك َوػَّز ْك‬
22:5 O mankind! if you have a doubt about the Resurrection,
(consider) that We created you out of dust, then out of sperm,
then out of a leech-like clot, then out of a morsel of flesh,
partly formed and partly unformed, in order that We may
manifest (our power) to you; and We cause whom We will to
rest in the wombs for an appointed term, then do We bring you
out as babes, then (foster you) that you may reach your age of
full strength; and some of you are called to die, and some are
sent back to the feeblest old age, so that they know nothing
after having known (much), and (further), you see the earth
barren and lifeless, but when We pour down rain on it, it is
stirred (to life), it swells, and it puts forth every kind of
beautiful growth.
‫ض ِكامْكػ ُكه ْكما ۖ ا َو ِكْك َو اَو ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ص ْك‬ ‫َوإ َوذاامْكػَو ا َو ُككَّز ا ُكػَوا ًن ا ۖ ا َوذا َو َوار ْكج ٌعا َوع ٌ ا َو ْك ا َو ْك َو َو‬
‫ام ا َوػْكػ ُكق ُك‬
‫يا َو ِك‬ ‫كِك ب ِك‬
‫يياا‬ ‫اج َو ُك ْكمافَوػ ُكه ْكم ِكآتا ْكَوم ٍء َو‬
‫ام ِك ٍء‬ ‫اك َّزذ ُكواا ْكْلَو ِّلقااَو َّز َو‬ ‫احف ٌ َو ْك‬ ‫َو ٌ َو‬
50:3-5 What! After we die and become dust, (will we come
back to life again)? That return is remote! We (Allah) certainly
know what the earth reduces from them. With Us is a guarded
Record. But they treated the truth as falsehood when it came to
them; so they are in a confused state.

‫َوج ٍء ا‬ ‫اخَو َوقاااَّزهُكااا َّز َو َواتا َو ْكاْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫اآتا َواْكػ ُكف ه ْكما ۗ َو‬ ‫َو َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اكث ًناام َو اااَّز سا َوق َوارِّلِب ْكمااَو َو فُك َواف‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ُكم َو ًّ ا ۗ ا َو إف َو‬
30:8 Do they not reflect in their own minds? Not but for just
ends and for a term appointed, did Allah create the heavens and
the earth, and all between them: yet are there truly many
among men who deny the meeting with their Lord (at the
Resurrection)!
‫اح ِكي ًن اا َوْك ا‬ ‫وفاخ ْك ًنق اج ِكي ًن اا ُك ُك ِك‬

‫اكواُكوااح َوج َورًنةا َوْك َو‬ ‫ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ااكَّز ا ظَو ًنم ا َو ُكرفَو ًن ا َوإاَّز ااَو َو ْكػ ُكعوثُك َو َو َو‬
‫َو اُكواا َوإِك َوذ ُك ِك‬
‫َو‬
ۚ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز‬ ‫ِك‬ ۖ ‫ِك‬ ۚ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫امَّزةا ا‬ ‫ام ْك ايُكع ُك اَو ا ا ُك اااذيافَوطَوَوُكك ْكما َوَّز َوؿ َو‬ ‫وف َو‬‫اص ُك رُكك ْكما افَو َو َوػ ُكقواُك َو‬ ‫َوخ ْك ًنق اِمَّز ايَو ْك ُكػُك آت ُك‬
‫وفا َو ِكيًن اا‬
‫ام َو ٰىَّتا ُك َووا ۖ ا ُك ْك ا َو َو ٰى ا ْكَوفايَو ُك َو‬ ‫وفاإِكاَوْك َو ُكارُك َوس ُكه ْكما َو يػَو ُكقواُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وف َو‬ ‫ض َو‬
‫فَو َو ُكػْكغ ُك‬
17:49-51 They (unbelievers) say: What! After we had become
bones and dust, we will be resurrected as a new creation? Say
(O Prophet Muhammad!): Let you be stone or iron or anything,
which in your memories is the most difficult (to be
resurrected). Then they will ask: Who will return us (to a new
creation)? Say: The One who created you first time. Then they
will nod their heads towards you (mockingly) and ask: When
will that be? Say: Maybe, it will happen quite soon!
‫ام َوَل ُكوا‬ ‫ااْلَو ِك عِك َو اااَّز ِكذي َو ايَوظُك َو‬
‫ُّوفا َوا ُكػَّزه ْكم ُك‬ ‫اال َوَلةِكا ۚ ا َو إِكا َوػَّزه ااَو َو ِك َوةٌاإِكَّزَلا َو َو ْك‬ ‫اسَوعِك ُكواا ِك َّز‬
‫ال ْكِكِبا َو َّز‬ ‫َو ْك‬
‫َورِّلِبِك ْكما َو َوا ُكػَّزه ْكماإِكاَوْك ِكه َواراج ُكع َو‬
2:45-46 Seek (Allah‟s) help through patience and prayer
(swalat). But that is certainly a big (burden) except for those
who fear (Allah) who remember always that they are certainly
to meet their Lord and that they are to return to Him.
Resurrection is something which most people find hard
to believe. The Quran calls upon them to look around and find
for themselves how Allah repeats creation.
‫اس ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز ِك ِك‬ ‫ااْل ْكق ُك ِك ۚ ِك ٰى ِك‬ ‫ااكْك َو ايػُكْك ِك ُك‬
‫ضا‬ ‫اآت ْك‬ ‫اّتَّزايُكع ُك هُكا اإ َّزفاذَوا َو ا َو َو ااا هايَو ٌا ُك ْك ُك‬ ‫ئاااَّزهُك ْكَو َو‬ ‫َوَو َوَلْكايػَوَو ْك َو‬
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا َو ِكيٌ اا‬‫ااْل ِكخَوَوةا ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو َو ٰى ُك‬
‫اّتَّزاااَّزهُكايػُكْك ِك ُكئاااَّز ْك أَوَوة ْك‬
‫َوااْلَوْك َوقا ۚ ُك‬
‫ااكْك َو ا َو َو ْك‬ ‫فَو اْكظُكُك َو‬
29:19-20 See they not how Allah originates creation, then
repeats it: truly that is easy for Allah. Say: Travel through the
earth and see how Allah did originate creation; so will Allah
produce a later creation: for Allah has power over all things.
The message points to the on-going creation events on the
earth. The creation of all organisms has been going on
repeatedly ever since their first creation. A human being is
created from the biomemome carried in the zygote; a bird is
created from the biomemome carried in the egg; a plant is
created from the biomemome carried in the seed and so on. In

all the biological species, the creation is repeated from their
respective biomemomes. This is how Allah multiplies and
perpetuates every species on the earth for various purposes.
And the Quran tells us it is by the same mechanism Allah will
resurrect us. The creation of human beings on the earth is from
individual biomemomes (nafs), which was discussed in chapter
11. The Quran informs us that resurrection of human beings
will also be from individual biomemomes.
‫ِك‬
‫اْس عا ِك‬ ‫اكَوػ ْكف ٍء ِك ٍء ِك‬
‫اخ ْك ُكق ُك ْكما َوَوَلا ػَو ْكعثُك ُك ْكماإِكَّزَل َو‬
‫ل ٌا‬ ‫سا َواح َو ةا ۗ اإ َّزفاااَّزهَو َو ٌ َو‬ ‫َوم َو‬
31:28 And your creation or your resurrection is in no wise but
as a single biomemome (nafs). Verily Allah hears and sees (all
things).
The Quran further indicates that it is from the earth man will be
resurrected.
‫وفا‬
‫اَّتْكَو ُكج َو‬ ‫َو َوؿافِك َوه ا َوْكَوػ ْكو َوفا َو فِك َوه َواَتُكوُك َو‬
‫وفا َو ِكمْكػ َوه ُك‬
7:25 He (Allah) said: Therein (Earth) shall you live and therein
shall you die and from there shall you be brought out (i.e.,
resurrection).
‫اخَو ْكقَو ُكك ْكما َو فِك َوه ااُكعِك ُك ُكك ْكما َو ِكمْكػ َوه ُك‬
‫آمْك ِك ُكج ُك ْكما َو َورةًنا ْك‬
‫ُكخَو ٰىا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫مْكػ َوه َو‬
20:55 From the (earth) did We create you, and into it shall We
return you, and from it shall We bring you out once again.”
‫َوحَو ًن َو ْكَوم َووا ًن‬ ‫ااْلَور ِك‬

‫اّم َوع ِك ْك ْك َو‬
‫ضاك َوف ًن ا ْك‬ ‫َو يْك ٌايػَو ْكوَومئِك ٍءذااِكْك ُك َو ِّلذ ِك َو ا َو‬
‫َوَلْك َوْك‬
77:24-26 Woe that Day to the falsifiers (of truth)! Have We not
made the earth a receptacle (for) the living and the dead?
‫اّتَّزاإِكذَواا َو َوا‬ ‫اّتَّزااا َّز ِك َوايَو َّز َوهُك ُك‬
‫اّتَّزا َوَوم َوهُكافَوأَو ْكػَوػَوهُك ُك‬ ‫َّزرهُك ُك‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكم ا ِّل ٍء‬
‫اخَو َوقهُكافَوػ َوق َو‬
‫اخَو َوقهُكام ْك ااُكطْك َوف َو‬
‫َويا َو ْك َو‬ ‫ْك‬
‫َواْك َو َوهُكا‬
80:18-22 From what stuff did He create him? From a sperm-
drop He created him. He designed him then programmed him.
Then He made His path smooth for him. Then He caused him
to die and kept him in his grave. Then when He intends, He

will raise him up (i.e., resurrection).
From the revelation of resurrection of human beings

from their individual nafs from the earth, it is evident that nafs
of the dead people must be available on the earth. In other
words, the biomemomes (nafs) of human beings following
their removal at the time of death are kept stored on the earth
spaces for resurrection on the Day of Judgement.
a) Storage of biosoftware (nafs) in the earth

The Quran conveys to us in this context very important
information on the special characteristics of Earth that are
beyond the purview of scientific experimentation. It reveals the
ability of Earth to store biological information. It may be
recalled here that clay materials have the ability to store
biological information as can be inferred from the breathing of
rooh into clay to transform it into a living being (see chapter
11). That the earth can act as medium for information storage
can also be deduced from other verses.
‫ٍء‬
‫اَلَو اا‬ ‫َوخَو َورَو ا ِكأ َّز‬
‫َوف َوارَّز َو ا َوْك َوح ٰى َو‬ ‫يػَو ْكوَومئِكذا ُكَو ُك‬
‫ِّلثا ْك‬
99:4-5 On that Day she (the earth) will declare her tidings; for
that your Lord will give her (the earth) inspiration.
This verse tells us that the earth will spill its information on the
Day of Judgement implying that it acts as memory storage.
This revelation also supports the computer concept of the
physical universe. According to Lloyd, all physical systems are
at bottom quantum-mechanical, and all physical systems
register and process information [1]. Another verse in the
Quran (Q. 6:98) indicates the earth as “repository”
(mustawda„un), which also has significant connotation with
storage of human nafs. The translation given by M. Pickthal
reads as follows.
‫ااْلي ِك‬ ‫عا ۗ ا َو ْك افَو َّز‬
‫ل ْكَو ْك َو‬
‫َوكم ِكام ااػَو ْكف ٍء ِك ٍء‬
ٌ ‫سا َواح َو ةافَو ُك ْك َوػ َوق ا َو ُكم ْك َوػ ْكوَود‬
‫ِك‬
‫َو ُك َوواااَّزذيا َواْك َو أ ُك ْك ْك‬
‫يػَو ْكف َوق ُكه َوا‬
‫وف‬
6:98 And He it is Who has produced you from a single being,
and (has given you) a habitation and a repository. We have
detailed Our revelations for a people who have understanding.
M. H. Shakir translated the word mustawda„un in the verse as
“depository”, Mohsin Khan as “storage” while A. Yusuf Ali
gave quite a different meaning as “place of departure”. The
dictionary meanings of the Arabic noun mustawda„un are
stockroom, warehouse, depository, bunker, repository, store,
storehouse, storeroom and depot [2]. Yusuf Ali‟s translation of
the word is clearly wrong. The description of the earth as
human habitat and storage in the verse (Q. 6:98) thus permits
us to consider Earth as memory storage of human biomemomes
(nafs). The microscopic size of the chromosomes that store the
biomemome of a human individual in the body cells is
suggestive of the very small space required for storing a
biomemome – much smaller than the full stop at the end of this
sentence. The earth spaces that store the human biosoftware
(nafs) may be referred to as „biomemetic niches‟. These
„biomemetic niches‟ can very well be clay surfaces because
clay is silicon-based material. Since silicon is structurally
related to carbon, the silicon-based clay surfaces may also have
property of storing intangible biological information as carbon-
based material like chromosome.
b) Mechanism of human resurrection
Allah uses the similitude of a dried up land coming back to life
to explain to us the mode of resurrection of human robots from
their nafs after their test life.
‫ام ْكوِكِتَو ا ۚ ا َو َوك ٰىَوذاِك َو ا‬

‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫ت ِكام َو ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ِّل ا َو ُكْكٗمِك ْك‬ ‫ِكجاااْك َو ِّل َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ُك٘مْك ِكج ْك ِك‬
‫ااْلَو َّز ام َو اااْك َو ِّلتا َو ُك٘مْك ُك‬ ‫ُك‬
‫ُكَّتْكَو ُكج َوا‬
‫وف‬
30:19 It is He Who brings out the living from the dead, and
brings out the dead from the living, and Who gives life to the
earth after it is dead: and thus shall you be brought out (from
the dead).
‫ام ْكوِكِتَو ا ۚ اإِك َّزفا ٰىَوذاِك َو ااَو ُك ْكحِك اااْك َو ْكوَو ٰى ا ۖ ا‬
‫ضا ػَو ْكع َو َو‬ ‫اٗمِك ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور َو‬ ‫تاااَّز ِكه َو‬
‫اكْك َو ُكْك‬
‫فَو اْكظُك اإِك َو ٰىَلاآثَو ِكرار ْك ِك‬
‫َو َو‬ ‫ْك‬
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ا َو يٌا‬ ‫َو ُك َووا َو َو ٰى ُك‬
30:50 Then (O man!) look at the manifestations of Allah‟s
mercy; how He gives life to the earth after its death! Verily,
(the same way), He will give life to the dead (humans). And He
has power over all things.
‫تا ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّز ِكذيا‬ ‫ااْلَورض ِك‬
‫اخ َوع ًنافَوِكإذَواا َواْكػَواْكَو ا َو َوْكػ َوه اااْك َو َواا ْك َوػَّز ْك‬
‫تا َو َورَو ْك‬
‫ِك ِكِك‬
‫َو م ْك اآيَو ها َواَّز َو ا َوػَو ْك ْك َو َو‬
‫اك ِّلا َو ْك ٍء ا َو ِكيٌا‬ ‫َوحَو َو ااَو ُك ْكحِك اااْك َو ْكوَو ٰى ا ۚ اإِكاَّزهُكا َو َو ٰى ُك‬
‫ْك‬
41:39 And among His Signs is this: you see the earth barren
and desolate; but when We send down rain to it, it is stirred to
life and yields increase. Truly, He Who gives life to the (dead)
earth can surely give life to (men) who are dead. For He has
power over all things.
‫ام ْكوِكِتَو ا‬
‫ضا ػَو ْكع َو َو‬ ‫َوحَوػْكػَو ا ِكِكه ْك‬
‫ااَّزهاااَّز ِكذيا َورس اااِّلي حافَوػُكثِك اسح افَو ْكقَو هاإِك َو ٰىَلا ػَو ٍء ٍء‬
‫امِّلتافَوأ ْك‬
‫ْك َو َو َو َو ُك َو َو ًن ُك ُك َو َو‬ ‫َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ٰى‬ ‫ۚ َو‬
‫اك َوذا َو اااُّ ُك ُكا‬
‫ور‬
35:9 It is Allah Who sends forth the winds so that they raise up
the clouds, and We drive them to a land that is dead (to cause
rain), and revive the earth therewith after its death; even so
(will be) the resurrection.
From the allegorical description given in the above verses of
the process of giving life to dead earth by sending rain, we may
infer that it will be by a similar process human beings will also
be resurrected. “Giving life to a dead earth” may be considered
as figurative statement. The so-called “dead earth” (or the dried
up earth) is not in reality dead because it preserves seeds,
spores, etc., in dormant condition. When rain occurs, water
molecules break the dormancy of those seeds and spores that
lie scattered on the parched earth, enabling them to germinate

and grow. In the dormant condition, the seeds do carry
biomemomes and are hence „live‟. However, the biomemome
is in a sort of “rest mode” (or what is called „dormancy‟ in
biology – supposed to be a natural strategy to tide over a
difficult situation) with little or no biological instruction under
execution. When the biomemetic condition switches over to
“operation mode” as happens when the raindrop falls on the
dormant seed or spore, the biomemome starts executing in full
swing. Here the water molecule acts as abiomemetic switch to
activate the biomemome stored in the seed or spore. Likewise
human beings will be resurrected on the Judgement Day.
From the metaphoric description of resurrection as “like
giving life to dead earth”, the “biomemetic niches” discussed
above may be considered to play the role of “dormant seeds” in
which the biological program stays dormant. Like the rainwater
acts as switch to actuate the bioprogram stored in the dormant
seed into operation, it will be a single command of Allah that
will bring the biomemomes of human beings stored on the clay
surfaces (biomemetic niches) into „execution mode‟ and create
the phenomes of the respective individuals.
‫ضاإِكذَواا َواْكػُك ْكما‬ ‫اد ْك َووةًن ِكام َو ْك‬
‫ااْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫ضا ِكأ ْكَوم ِكهِكا ۚ ُك‬
‫اّتَّزاإِكذَو َو‬
‫ااد َو ُكك ْكم َو‬ ‫وـااا َّز َو ُكا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ُك‬
‫ِك ِكِك‬
‫َوَّتْكُك ُكج َوا‬
‫وف‬
30:25 And among His signs is this, that heaven and earth stand
by His command: then when He calls you by a single call,
behold, you come forth from the earth.”
‫ُّوفاإِك ْكفااَوِكثْكُك ْكماإِكَّزَلا َوِك ًنَلا‬
‫وف ِكاِبَو ْك ِكهِكا َو َوظُك َو‬
‫يػَو ْكوَوـايَو ْك ُكوُكك ْكمافَوػَو ْك َو ِكج ُك َو‬
17:52 (It will be) the Day when He will call you and you will
answer (the call) praising Him, and you will feel that you had
stayed only a little while!
Allah‟s command is also mentioned as blast (Q. 50:41-

44) or Trumpet (Q. 18:99; 36:51-52) to indicate the re-creation
of the universe also on the same day.
‫ااالْك َوح َوا ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو ايػَو ْكوُكـا‬
‫وف َّز‬ ‫ام َو ٍءفا َو ِك ٍء‬
‫يبايػَو ْكوَوـايَو ْك َو ُكع َو‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اسَو ْكعايػَو ْكوَوـايػُكَو داااْك ُك َو دام ْك َو‬
‫َو ْك‬
‫ٰى ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اْم ُكْك ِك‬
‫اح ْك ٌ ا‬ ‫ضا َوْكػ ُكه ْكماسَوا ًن ا ۚ اذَوا َو َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ُك‬ ‫تا َو إِكاَوْكػَو اااْك َو ل ُكايػَو ْكوَوـا َو َو ق ُك‬
‫َّزق ْك‬ ‫اْمِك ا َو ُكٔم ُك‬ ‫ْك ِك‬
‫اْلُكُك ِكجاإاَّز َوْك ُك‬
‫َو َوْكػَو ايَو ِك ٌاا‬
50:41-44 And listen on the Day the caller will call out from a
nearby place, the Day they will hear the real blast. That is the
Day of Exodus! Verily it is We who give life and death, and to
Us is the final destination. The Day the earth will split from the
rushing (human beings). That gathering (of mankind) is quite
easy for Us.
‫ورافَو َوج َو ْكعَو ُك ْكماَجَوْك ًنع‬ ُّ ‫ضا ۖ ا َو اُكِكف َوخ ِكآت‬
‫ااال ِك‬ ‫وج ِكآتا ػَو ْكع ٍء‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬
‫مُك ُك‬ٙ‫ض ُكه ْكمايػَو ْكوَومئذ َوا‬
‫َو َوػَوْككَو ا ػَو ْكع َو‬
18:99 On that Day We will leave them to surge like waves on
one another. The trumpet will be blown; then We will gather
them all together.
‫ام ْك ا ػَو َوعثَوػَو ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫اثاإِك َو ٰىَل َوارِّلِبِك ْكمايػَوْك ِك ُك َو‬
‫وفا َو اُكواايَو ا َو يْكػَوَو َو‬
‫ااْلَوج َو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ورافَوِكإ َوذاا ُك ْكمام َو ْك ْك‬ ُّ ‫َو اُكِكف َوخ ِكآت‬
‫ااال ِك‬
‫ِك‬
‫وفاا‬ ‫ص َو َوؽاااْك ُك ْك َوسُك َو‬ ‫اام ا َو َو َو اااَّز ْك ٰىَو ُك ا َو َو‬
‫َوم ْك َو اَو ا ۜ ا ۗ ا ٰىَو َوذ َو‬
36:51-52 The Trumpet will be blown; then behold, from the
graves they will rush forth to their Lord! They will say: Ah!
Woe to us! Who has raised us up from our place of sleep? (A
voice will say:) This is what (Allah) Most Gracious had
promised and the truth the apostles said.
The Quranic description of “resurrection of human
individual from the biomemome (nafs)” is the true cloning
process, i.e., the creation of a person second time from his
biosoftware (nafs).
Most people do not believe in resurrection because they
think they will be raised up from the graves where their dead
bodies are buried. In the normal course, the dead body soon
after its burial is acted upon by numerous microbes leading to
its decomposition into carbon dioxide and water. The mineral

elements contained in the dead body are left in the soil.
Therefore they do not believe in resurrection from the dead
body that has undergone these processes and disappeared from
the site of burial. (They do forget that Allah can create
anything in any way He wants). However, it is not from the
disappeared dead body the resurrection will take place but from
the biomemome (nafs) of the individual. Their understanding
of grave mentioned in the Quran is wrong. The grave
mentioned in the Quran indicates in reality the earth spaces
where human biomemomes are stored and not where the dead
bodies are buried.
Besides the word mustawda„un there are also other
words namely ajdathi, qabr (pl. quboor) and marqad that are
also used more or less synonymously.
‫ام ِكآتاااْك ُكقُك ِك‬
‫ورا‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫َوفَو َوَلايػَو ْكعَو ُكماإ َوذاا ػُك ْكعثَو َو‬
100:9 “Does he not know when that which is in the graves
(quboor) is scattered abroad….”
‫اثاإِك َو ٰىَل َوارِّلِبِك ْكمايػَوْك ِك ُك َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫ااْلَوج َو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ورافَوِكإذَواا ُك ْكمام َو ْك ْك‬ ُّ ‫َو اُكِكف َوخ ِكآت‬
‫ااال ِك‬
36:51 The Trumpet will be blown; then behold, from the
graves (ajdathi) they will rush forth to their Lord!
‫امْكَو ِك ٌا‬ ‫ااْلَوج َو ِك‬ ‫ا٘مْك ج َو ِك‬
‫اكأَوا ُكػَّزه ْكم َو‬
‫اجَو ٌاد ُك‬ ‫اث َو‬ ‫وفام َو ْك ْك‬ ‫ل ُكرُك ْكم َو ُك ُك‬
‫َّزع ا َوْك َو‬
‫ُكخ ًن‬
54:7 They will come forth, their eyes humbled - from (their)
graves (ajdathi), like locusts scattered abroad.
‫وفا‬
‫ض َو‬ ‫اكأَواػَّزهماإِك َو ٰىَلااُكل ٍء ِك‬ ‫ااْل ِك ِك‬ ‫ا٘مْك ج َو ِك‬
‫بايُكوف ُك‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َوج َو اثاسَوا ًن َو ُك ْك‬
‫وفام َو ْك ْك‬ ‫يػَو ْكوَوـ َو ُك ُك‬
70:43 The Day whereon they will come out from their
sepulchres (ajdathi) in sudden haste as if they were rushing to a
goal-post (fixed for them).
The terms qabr and ajdathi are translated by Islamic scholars
M.H. Shakir, M. Pickthal and Mohsin Khan as “graves” (Q.
36:51; 54:7; 70:43) while Yusuf Ali translated the word as
“sepulchers” (meaning “graves”) at Q. 36:51 and 70:43 and as

“graves” at Q. 54:7. This conventional interpretation in fact
creates confusion because the dead body no longer exists in the
grave. Further not all people are buried in the soil for religious
and other reasons but yet they are resurrected from their
graves! There is also another word marqad, which is also
interpreted as grave where dead body is buried.
‫وفا‬ ‫اام ا َو َو َو اااَّز ْك ٰىَو ُك ا َو َو‬
‫ص َو َوؽاااْك ُك ْك َوسُك َو‬ ‫ام ْك َو اَو ا ۜ ا ۗ ا ٰىَو َوذ َو‬
‫ام ْك ا ػَو َوعثَوػَو ام ْك َو‬
‫َو اُكواايَو ا َو يْكػَوَو َو‬
36:52 “They will say: Ah! Woe to us! Who has raised us up
from our marqad (place of repose)…?”
The word marqad is generally translated as place of repose or
place of sleep. It can never be the place of rest for the dead
body for the reason dead body is not there. The terms qabr,
ajdathi, marqad and mustawda„un do not refer to the “grave”
in the ordinary sense of the term where the dead body is buried
but to the myriads of biomemetic niches on the earth where
anfus (biomemomes) of people are stored. It is the resting place
of nafs (biosoftware or biomemome) of human being. This
interpretation is further strengthened by the description of
ajdathi as resting place or place of sleep (Q. 36:52) and the
kind of feeling people will have while being resurrected.
Between death and resurrection, one would feel as if he had
hardly spent an hour (Q. 10:45) and was in sleep (Q. 36:52).
‫ِك‬
‫َوف َو‬
guidance.
Since the biomemomes are stored on memory (clay surface)

the people (phenomes) who get resurrected from them will feel
like getting up from sleep (Q. 36:52) or they had spent hardly
an hour. Insofar as the creation of the next universe represents
the continuum from the big crunch of the present universe (see
chapter 8), it can be expected that all the biomemetic niches on
the present earth will be recovered unaltered in the next earth.
It will be from those niches the human biomemomes (anfus)
will develop into the respective human beings (phenomes) by a
single command of Allah and surge forth on the Day of
Judgement. This explanation of the resurrection scenario is
quite like the germination of a plant from a dormant seed on
breaking its dormancy by the water molecule, which is the
similitude Allah used to illustrate the mode of resurrection of
human robots (Q. 30:19, 50).
In this context it is pointed out here that the case of
Prophet Jesus Christ has to be treated as extraordinary. His
birth and death are also mysteries to mankind. It is the Quran
that unravels these mysteries. Every human being who lived on
the present earth was born to this earth except the first human
couple, Adam and Eve. They were created in Allah‟s abode
and sent down to the earth later. They died on this earth like
everybody else. The entire humanity is created by Allah from
Adam‟s nafs through biosoftware engineering during
gametogenesis (see chapters 9 and 11). This means that every
human being born to this earth belongs to the progeny of
Adam-Eve couple. The only exception to this rule is Prophet
Jesus Christ. Although Prophet Jesus Christ was created in the
womb of Mary and called in the Quran as son of Mary (Q.
4:157-159 quoted below), he was created by Allah from a
special rooh and he does not belong to Adam‟s lineage (see
chapters 9 and 10). His creation was similar to that of Adam
(Q. 3:59) in the sense both of them had not received parental
germ contribution.
‫اخَو َوقهُك ِكام ا ُكػ ٍء‬ ‫امثَو َوا ِك َو ٰى ا ِكْك َو اااَّز ِكه َو‬
‫اك َو ثَو ِك َو‬
‫اآد َوـا ۖ َو‬ ‫ِك‬
‫وفا‬
‫اّتَّزا َو َوؿااَوهُك ُك‬
‫اب ُك‬ ‫ْك َو‬ ‫إ َّزف َو‬
3:59 Indeed the similitude of Jesus before Allah is that of

Adam; He created him (Adam) from dust, then said to it, “Be”
and he (Adam) came into being.
As regards his death, the Christians believe he was
crucified and killed. This is also not correct. The Quran clearly
reveals that Prophet Jesus Christ was neither crucified nor
killed.
‫اصَوُكوهُكا َو ٰىاَو ِك ْك ا ُك ِّلهَو َو‬ ‫َوػوِكَلِكماإِكاَّز ا َوػ ػ ْكَو اااْك ِك حا ِك اا ام َو ارس َو ِك‬
‫اَلُك ْكما‬ ‫وؿاااَّزها َو َوم ا َوػَوػُكوهُكا َو َوم َو‬ ‫َو ْك ْك َو َو َو َو ْك َو َو ْك َو َو ُك‬
‫ۚ ا إِك َّزفاااَّز ِكذي ااخ ػَو ُكفواافِك ِكهااَو ِكف ا َو ٍّ ِكامْكها ۚ ام َو ِك ِك ِك‬
‫عاااظَّز ِّل ا ۚ ا َو َوم ا‬ ‫اَلُك ْكما ِكهام ْك ا ْك ٍءماإِكَّزَلااِّلػَو َو‬ ‫ُك َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ااح ًن ا َو إ ْكفام ْك ا َو ْك ِك اااْك َو باإَّزَلااَوُكػ ْك مَو َّز ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوػَوػُكوهُكايَوق ًن ا َو ْك َوارفَوػ َوعهُكاااَّزهُكاإاَوْكها ۚ ا َو َوك َوفاااَّزهُكا َو ِكيًن َو‬
‫ام ْكوِكِكها ۖ ا َو يػَو ْكوَوـاااْك ِكقَو َوم ِكايَو ُك ُك‬
‫وفا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما َو ِكه ًن ااا‬ ‫ِكِك‬
‫ها َوػْك َو َو‬
4:157-159 That they said (boastfully), We killed Christ Jesus
the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah; but they killed him
not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them,
and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no
(certain) knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a
surety they killed him not. Nay, Allah raised him up to
Himself; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise. And there is
none of the People of the Book but must believe in him before
his death; and on the Day of Judgment he will be a witness
against them.
‫اك َوفُك اا َو َوج ِك ُكاااَّز ِكذي َو ا‬
‫ِلا َو ُكمطَو ِّلهُك َوؾ ِكام َو اااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫امَوػ َووفِّل َو ا َو َورافِك ُكع َو اإِك َوَّز‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫إ ْكذا َو َوؿاااَّزهُكايَو ا َو ٰى اإ ِّلِّن ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوح ُك ُكما ػَوْكػَو ُك ْكمافِك َو ُك‬
‫اكْكُك ْكما‬ ‫ِل ِك‬
‫ام ْكج ُكع ُك ْكمافَوأ ْك‬ ‫اك َوف ااإِك َو ٰىَلايػوِكـاااْك ِكق م ِكا ۖ ُك ِك‬ ‫َّز ِك‬ ‫ا ػَّزَوػ ُكع َو‬
‫اّتَّزاإ َوَّز َو‬ ‫َو ْك َو َو‬ ‫وؾافَوػ ْكو َوؽاااذي َو َو ُك‬
‫اَّتْكَوِك ُكف َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫فِك ِكه َو‬
3:55 Behold! Allah said: O Jesus! I will complete your life
(tawaffa) and raise (rafa‟a) you to Myself and clear you (of the
falsehoods) of those who blaspheme; I will make those who
follow you superior to those who reject faith to the Day of
Resurrection. Then shall you all return to me. And I will judge
between you of the matters wherein you dispute.
However confusion exists among the religious scholars as to

the nature of his end; whether he had died on the earth or raised
to Allah alive. Yusuf Ali states that there is no consensus
among interpreters as to the meaning of „before his death‟ in
verse 4:159 quoted above. Thos who hold that Prophet Jesus
did not die refer the pronoun “his” to Jesus. They say that
Prophet Jesus is still living in the body and he will appear just
before the end of the world in preparation to the coming of
Imam Mahdi. It is during that time Prophet Jesus will die. The
Arabic word rafa‟a in the verses 3:55 and 4:158 is interpreted
by them as “honoured” instead of “raised up”. Other scholars
hold that the pronoun “his” refers to “none of the People of the
Book” [3].
The interpretation made here is based on the usual meanings
“death” and “raised up” given to words tawaffa and rafa‟a
respectively. This will clarify the situation. Thus from the
verses quoted above, it will be clear that Prophet Jesus was not
killed or crucified but it was made to appear like that to the
people by Allah. What can be understood from the verses is
Allah took his life (i.e., Prophet Jesus died a normal death) and
raised his body to Him. The pronoun “his” in verse 4:159
therefore refers to “none of the People of the Book” and not
Prophet Jesus Christ. This interpretation is straight forward and
also agrees with the death of Prophet Jesus mentioned in
another verse (Q. 19:33).
ًّ‫اح‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ث َو‬
‫وتا َو يػَو ْكوَوـا ُكْكػ َوع ُك‬
‫تا َو يػَو ْكوَوـا ُكَوم ُك‬
‫َواا َّز َوَل ُكـا َو َو َّز ايػَو ْكوَوـا ُكا ْك ُك‬
19:33 So peace is on me (Prophet Jesus Christ) the day I was
born, the day I die and the day I will be resurrected.
This verse makes it clear that Prophet Jesus had died and he
will also be resurrected. This indicates the nafs of Prophet
Jesus Christ had also been stored in this earth as biomemetic
niche and he will also be resurrected from the earth as every
other human being.
c) Purposes of resurrection
The Quran indicates that besides the Final Judgement
and award of Heaven or Hell, at least three more purposes are
served by the resurrection of human beings and their meeting
with Allah. One purpose is to convince the unbelievers of the
truth about resurrection – a promise Allah had made.
‫اح ًّق ا َو ٰىاَو ِك َّز ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫وتا ۚ ا ػَوَو ٰى ا َو ْك ًن اا َو َوْكه َو‬ ‫مُك ُك‬ٙ‫ام ْك َوا‬ ‫ثاااَّزهُك َو‬ ‫مَو ِن ْكما ۙ َواَلايػَوْكػ َوع ُك‬ٙ‫اج ْكه َو ا َوْك‬ ‫َو َوْك َو ُك واا اَّزه َو‬
‫اك اُكواا‬ ‫وفافِك ِكها َو اِكَوػ ْكعَو َوماااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫اك َوفُك اا َوا ُكػَّزه ْكم َو‬ ‫يا٘مْكَوِك ُكف َو‬
‫اَلُك ُكماااَّز ِكذ َو‬‫وفااِكُكَوػ ِّل َو َو‬
‫َوكثَوػَو اااَّز ِكس َواَلايػَو ْكعَو ُك َو‬
‫ْك‬
‫َوك ِكذ ِك َو اا‬
16:38-39 They swear their strongest oaths by Allah, that Allah
will not raise up those who die: Nay, but it is a promise
(binding) on Him in truth: but most among mankind realize it
not. (They must be raised up), in order that He may manifest to
them the truth of that wherein they differ, and that the rejecters
of Truth may realize that they had indeed (surrendered to)
Falsehood.
‫اْم ُك ِكاِبَوْكػ ُكعوثِك ا ۚ ا َو اَو ْكوا َوػَو ٰى اإِك ْكذا ُك ِك ُكفواا َو َو ٰى َوارِّلِبِك ْكما ۚ ا َو َوؿا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َو َو اُكوااإ ْكفا َو اإَّزَل َو‬
‫احَو ػُكَو ااا ُّ اْكػَو ا َو َوم َوْك‬
‫اخ ِك َو ا‬
‫ْكفُك َوفا ۚ ا َو ْك َو‬ ‫اكْكُك ْكما َو ُك‬‫اب ِكاِبَو ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫سا ٰىَو َوذاا ْكْلَو ِّلقا ۚ ا َو اُكواا ػَوَو ٰى ا َو َورػِّلَو ا ۚ ا َو َوؿافَو ُكذ ُكوااااْك َوع َوذ َو‬ ‫َواَوْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ااَّز ِكذي َو ِكِك ِك ِك‬
‫ام افَوػَّزطْكَو ا‬
‫اح ْك َوَوػَو ا َو َو ٰى َو‬ ‫ااج َوْكػ ُكه ُكمااا َّز َو ُكا ػَو ْكغَو ًنا َو اُكواايَو َو‬ ‫اك َّزذ ُكواا َوق اااَّزها ۖ َو‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتاإذَو َو‬ ‫َو‬
ۚ ‫ام ايَوِكر َوفا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫وفا َوْك َوزارُك ما َو َو ٰى اظُك ُكه ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اس َو َو ُك‬ ‫ور ْكما ۚ ا َوَوَل َو‬ ‫اٗم ُك َو َو ْك‬ ‫ف َوه ا َو ُك ْكم َوْك‬
6:29-31 And they say: There is no (more life) except our life on
this earth and we will not be raised up again (after death). If
you could see when they are made to stand before their Lord!
He will ask (them): Is this not the truth? They will say: Yea, by
our Lord! He will say: Then you taste the penalty because you
had been rejecters of Faith. Those who treated the meeting with
Allah as falsehood had indeed lost. Thus when, all of a sudden,
that (Final) Hour comes to them, they will say: Ah! Woe to us
in what we have neglected. And they will carry their burdens
on their backs. Look! How bad is what they bear!
Another is to show human beings the records of their

performance in the test and to convince them of Allah‟s
fairness in the judgement. That will also convince people of the
justification of their reward based on their own deeds.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ٍء‬
‫سا َو ْك َو ًن ااُكػَو ْك اا َو ْك َو َوَلُك ْكمافَو َو ْك ايػَو ْكع َو ْك امثْكػ َوق َوؿاذَو َّزرةٍء َو‬
‫اخْكػًناايػَوَوهُكا َو َوم ْك ايػَو ْكع َو ْك ا‬ ‫ل ُك ُكراااَّز ُك‬ ‫يػَو ْكوَومئذايَو ْك‬
‫ِكمثْكػ َوق َوؿاذَو َّزرةٍءا َو ًّاايػَوَوهُكاا‬
99:6-8 That Day humanity will come out in groups to be shown
their deeds. Then whoever has done good of the weight of an
atom, he will see it (in his Record)! And whoever has done evil
of the weight of an atom, he will see it (in his Record)!
The third purpose is to pass judgement in religious
matters of dispute among the people.
‫اَّتْكَوِك ُكف َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫اكْكُك ْكمافِك ِكه َو‬
‫اٗم ُك ُكما ػَوْكػَو ُك ْكمايػَو ْكوَوـاااْك ِكقَو َوم ِكافِك َو ُك‬
‫ااَّزهُك َوْك‬
22:69 Allah will judge among you on the Day of Judgment in
matters in which you differ.
Finally, the award of Heaven or Hell will be made to
the resurrected human robots. This happens after the record of
performance is examined by every human being.

‫وؿا ۖ افَوِكإ َوذااج ارسوُكَلما ُك ِك‬
arrival of their apostle (as witness), judgement would be passed
(on the Day of Judgement) between them with justice and they
will not be dealt with unjustly.
The Day of Judgement

Through many verses Allah portrays the scenario on the
Day of Judgement. Only a few are quoted here.
‫سا ۖ ا َو َو َوؿا َوْك اِكَو ُكؤُك ْكم ِكام َو ْكِك‬

‫ااْلاْك ِك‬
‫سا‬ ‫ااسَو ْك ثَوػ ْك ُكْكُت ِكام َو ْكِك‬
‫ااْلاْك ِك‬ ‫اَج ع اي امع ْكِك ِك‬
‫ااْل ِّل ا َو ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫اٗم ُك ُك ُك ْكم َو ًن َو َو ْك َو َو‬ ‫َو يػَو ْكوَوـ َوْك‬
‫اخ اِك ِكي َو ا‬ ‫تااَوَو ا ۚ ا َو َوؿاااَّز ُكر َو‬
‫امثْكػ َوو ُكاك ْكم َو‬ ‫َوجَوَو اااَّز ِكذيا َّز‬
‫َوج ْك َو‬ ‫ضا َو ػَوَو ْكغَو ا َو‬ ‫ضَو ا ِكَوػ ْكع ٍء‬
‫ااسَو ْك َو َوعا ػَو ْكع ُك‬
‫َورػَّزَو ْك‬
‫اح ِك ٌما َو ِك ٌام‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ا َو َواااَّزهُكا ۗ اإ َّزف َوارَّز َو َو‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫ف َوه اإَّزَل َو‬
6:128 The Day He gathers them (humans and jinns) all
together (and say): “O assembly of jinns! You have (misled)
many of the human beings.” The (jinn‟s) friends among human
beings will say: “Our Lord! We took advantage with each other
and we have reached the end of our term assigned for us by
You.” Allah will say: “The Fire is your dwelling place. You
(all) except whom Allah wishes will dwell therein for ever.”
Verily your Lord is Wise, Omniscient.
‫سا َو ْكئًن ا َوَوَلايػُك ْكقَو ُك ِكامْكػ َوه ا َو ْك ٌؿا َوَوَلا َوػْكػ َوف ُكع َوه ا َو َوف َو ٌا َوَوَلا‬
‫اَت ِكيااػَو ْكفسا َو ْك ااػَو ْكف ٍء‬
ٌ ‫َوا ػ ُكَّزقواايػَو ْكوًنم َواَل َوْك‬
‫لُك َواف‬
‫ُك ْكمايػُكْك َو‬
2:123 Then fear a Day when no soul can benefit another, no
penitence will be accepted from it (i.e., the soul), no
intercession will benefit it (i.e., the soul) and they will not be
helped.
‫وفا‬
‫تا َو ُك ْكم َواَلايُكظْكَو ُك َو‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫اك ُّااػَو ْكف ٍء‬
‫س َو‬ ‫وفافِك ِكهاإِك َوَلاااَّز ِكها ۖ ُك‬
‫اّتَّزا ُكػ َوو َّزٰىْت ُك‬ ‫َوا ػ ُكَّزقواايػَو ْكوًنم ا ُكػ ْك َوج ُكع َو‬
2:281 And fear the Day when you shall be brought back to
Allah. Then every soul will be given in full what it had earned
and none shall be dealt with unjustly.
‫اسوٍء ا َوػ َووُّدااَو ْكوا َّز‬
‫َوفا ػَوْكػَوػ َوه ا َو ػَوْكػَوهُكا‬ ‫اُمض اا م ا ِك َو ِك‬
‫تام ْك ُك‬ ‫اخ ْكٍء ُكْك َو ًن َو َو َو ْك‬
‫سام ا ِك َو ِك‬
‫تام ْك َو‬ ‫اك ُّااػَو ْكف ٍء َو َو ْك‬
‫يػوـ َوِك‬
‫اَت ُك ُك‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬
‫ؼا ِك اْكعِك ادِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوَوم ًن اا َوع ًن اا ۗ ا َو ُكٗمَو ِّلذ ُكرُكك ُكماااَّزهُكااػَو ْكف َو هُكا ۗ ا َوااَّزهُك َوارُك ٌ َو‬
3:30 The Day every soul finds out what good it has done and
what evil it has done! It will wish that (Day) is quite far off
from it. Allah cautions you about Himself. And Allah is full of
kindness to (His) servants.
‫مَو اِك ُك ْكما‬ٙ‫َوك َوف ْك ُكْكُتا ػَو ْكع َو اإِك‬ ‫ِك‬

‫تا ُك ُكجوُك ُكه ْكما َو‬ ‫ضا ُك ُكجوهٌا َو َو ْك َووُّدا ُك ُكجوهٌا ۚ افَوأ َّزَوم اااَّزذي َو ْك‬
‫ااس َووَّزد ْك‬ ُّ ‫يػَو ْكوَوـا َوػْكػَو‬
‫َّزتا ُك ُكجوُك ُكه ْكمافَو ِكف َوار ْك َوِكاااَّز ِكها ُك ْكمافِك َوه ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ْكفُك َوفا َو َّزَوم اااَّزذي َو اا ْكػَوض ْك‬
‫اكْكُك ْكما َو ُك‬ ‫اب ِكاِبَو ُك‬
‫فَو ُكذ ُكوااااْك َوع َوذ َو‬
‫َوخ اِك ُك َوفاا‬
3:106-107 The Day some faces will be white (i.e., bright) and
some faces will be black (i.e., gloomy) black! Then whose
faces are black, (they will be said): “Did you reject Faith after
believing in it? Taste then the penalty for rejecting Faith.” But
those whose faces are white, they will be in Allah‟s mercy (i.e.,
Heaven). They will dwell therein for ever.
‫اّتَّزااػَو ُكق ُك ِك ِك‬ ‫اْم ُك م َوِك‬
‫اام َو اَو ُك ْكما َواْكػُك ْكما َو ُك َوَوك ُكؤُكك ْكما ۚ افَوػَويػَّزْكَو ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكما ۖ ا‬‫وؿااَّزذي َو ا َو ْك َوُككو َو‬ ‫اَج ًنع ُك‬ ‫َو يػَو ْكوَوـ َوْك ُك ُك ْك‬
‫اكَّز ا َو ْك ا‬ ‫اكْكُك ْكماإِكيَّز اَو ا َوػ ْكعُك ُك َوفافَو َو َوف ٰى ا ِك اَّز ِكها َو ِكه ًن اا ػَوْكػَوػَو ا َو ػَوْكػَو ُك ْكماإِك ْكف ُك‬
‫ام ُك‬
‫َو َو َوؿا ُك َوَوك ُكؤُك ْكم َو‬
‫ااْلَو ِّلقا ۖ ا‬
‫ام ْكوَوَل ُك ُكم ْك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫تا ۚ ا َو ُكرُّد ااإ َوَلاااَّزه َو‬ ‫َوسَو َوف ْك‬
‫ام ا ْك‬ ‫س َو‬ ‫ِكَو َود ِك ُك ْكمااَوغَو فِكِك َو ا ُك َو اِك َو ا َوػْكػُك ُك‬
‫واك ُّااػَو ْكف ٍء‬
‫اك اُكواايػَو ْكفَوػُك َوفاا‬ ‫ام َو‬ ‫ض َّزا َوْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬
‫َو َو‬
10:28-30 The Day We gather them all together and ask those
who joined partners (with Us): Be at your place, you and your
partners. We shall separate them and their partners will say:
“You were not worshipping us. Enough is Allah as witness
between us and you. Indeed, we were unaware of your
worship.” There, every soul will experience (the fruits of) the
deeds it had done before. They will be returned to Allah, their
true Lord, and whatever they had fabricated (against Allah)
will leave them in the lurch.
‫ِك‬
‫َوف َو‬
guidance.
‫ام َوو ِكازيُكهُكافَوأُك ٰىاَوئِك َو ا ُك ُكماااْك ُك ْكفِك ُكح َو‬

‫وفا‬ ‫َوااْك َووْكز ُكفايػَو ْكوَومئِك ٍءذ ْك‬
‫ااْلَو ُّقا ۚ افَو َو ْك اثػَو ُكقَو ْك‬
‫ت َو‬
7:8 The weighing (good and bad) that Day will be true.
Then whose scale is heavy, they are the successful ones.
‫وفا‬
‫تا َو ُك ْكم َواَلايُكظْكَو ُك َو‬ ‫س ِك‬
‫ام ا َو َو ْك‬ ‫اَتَو ِكد ُكؿا َو ْك ااػَو ْكف ِك َوه ا َو ُكػ َوو َّزٰىْت ُك‬
‫اك ُّااػَو ْكف ٍء َو‬ ‫يػَو ْكوَوـا َوأْكِكِت ُك‬
‫اك ُّااػَو ْكف ٍء‬
‫س ُك‬
16:111 The Day every soul comes pleading for itself and every
soul will be fully recompensed for all its actions, and none will
be dealt with unjustly!
As discussed earlier, the evaluation of the record of
performance of human being during the test life was over at the
time of death itself (see chapter 16). The Judgement Day is the
occasion for mankind to meet with the Creator and hear the
final verdict. On that Day every prophet will stand as witness
for his people. The judgement of every individual will be
passed. It is also on that Day Allah passes judgement in the
presence of their prophets (witnesses) in matters in which
people disputed.
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ج ِك ُك ِك ِك‬
‫احَو ٍءجا ۚ ا‬ ‫اج َوع َوا َو َوْك ُك ْكم ِكآتااا ِّلي ِك ام ْك َو‬ ‫اح َّزقاج َوه دها ۚ ا ُك َوو ْك‬
‫ااجَوَو ُكك ْكما َو َوم َو‬ ‫اآتاااَّزه َو‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫وؿا َو ه ًن اا‬ ‫وفاااَّز ُكس ُك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اْسَّز ُكك ُكماااْك ُك ْك َو ام ْك ا َوػْك ُكا َوٓتا ٰىَو َوذاااَو ُك َو‬ ۚ ‫ِك‬
‫ِكمَّز َوا َو ُك ْكماإ ْكػَوا َوما ا ُك َوو َو‬
‫ل ُك واا ِك اَّز ِكها ُك َووا‬
‫اااال َوَلةَوا آ ُكوااااَّزَوك ةَوا ا ْك َو ِك‬ ‫ۚ ِك‬
‫َو‬ ‫َو َوْك ُك ْكما َو َو ُك واُكواا ُك َوه َو ا َوا َو َو اااَّز ِكسا افَوأَو ُك و َّز َو‬
‫موَوَل ُككما ۖ افَوِكعماااْك وَو ٰىَلا اِكعمااا ِك‬
‫َّزل ُكا‬ ‫ْك َو َو ْك َو ْك َو‬ ‫َو ْك ْك‬
22:78 “…..He (Allah) has chosen you and He has imposed no
difficulties on you in religion. It is the religion of your father
Abraham. It is He who named you Muslims, both before and in
this (Quran). (That is) for the messenger to be a witness for
you, and you (i.e., believers) the witnesses for the mankind. So
establish the Prayer, give charity and hold on to Allah firmly.
He is your guardian – the best to protect and the best to help.”
‫اك َو ا ْكَور َوس ْكَو اإِك َو ٰىَلافِكْك َو ْكو َوف َوار ُكس ًنوَلا‬
‫إِكاَّز ا ْكَور َوس ْكَو اإِكاَوْك ُك ْكم َوار ُكس ًنوَلا َو ِك ًن اا َو َوْك ُك ْكم َو‬
73:15 We have sent to you (O men!) an apostle to be a
witness on you like We sent an apostle to Pharaoh.
‫َوف ْك ِك ِك‬ ‫اك ِّلا َّزُكم ٍءا َو ِكه ًن اافَوػ ُكق ْكَو ا َو ُكواا ػُكْك َو اَو ُك ْكمافَوػ َوعِك ُك واا َّز‬
‫َو اػَوَو ْك َو ِكام ْك ُك‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫ااْلَو َّزقااَّزها َو َو‬
‫ض َّزا َوْكػ ُكه ْكم َو‬
‫يػَو ْكفَوػُك َواف‬
28:75 And from each people We will bring a witness (i.e., the
prophet). Then We will say: “Produce your proof.” Then they
will realize that the truth is with Allah and the (lies) which they
had fabricated will leave them in lurch.

‫وؿا ۖ افَوِكإ َوذااج ارسوُكَلما ُك ِك‬
arrival of their apostle, judgement would be passed (on Day of
Judgement) between them with justice and they will not be
dealt with unjustly.
‫ورارػِّله ا ِكضعاااْك ِكَو با ِكج ا ِك اَّزِكِّل ا اا ُّه َو ا ِك ا ُك ِك‬
‫ض َو ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكما ِك ْكْلَو ِّلقا‬ ‫ااْلَور ُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َو َو َو َو‬ ‫ُك َو َو‬ ‫ضا ُك ِك َو َو َو ُك َو‬ ‫َو َو ْك َو َوت ْك ْك‬
‫َو ُك ْكم َواَلايُكظْكَو ُك َوا‬
‫وف‬
39:69 And the earth will glow with the Light of its Lord; the
record (of deeds) will be placed (open); the prophets and the
witnesses will be brought and verdict will be passed among
them (i.e., the resurrected people). And they will not be dealt
with unjustly (in the least).
‫ااخَوػَو ُكفواافِك ِكها ۚ ا َو إِك َّزف َوارَّز َو ااَوَو ْكح ُك ُكما ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكمايػَو ْكوَوـاااْك ِكقَو َوم ِكافِك َو ا‬ ‫ِك‬
‫تا َو َو اااَّزذي َو ْك‬
‫إِكَّزٔمَو ِك‬
‫اجع َوااا َّز ْك ُك‬‫ُك‬
‫ِك‬
‫ا٘مْكَو ُكف َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوك اُكوااف ه َو‬
16:124 The Sabbath was made (strict) for those who disputed
about it (as to its observance). And Allah will certainly pass
judgement among them on the Day of Judgment in whatever
matters they disputed.
‫اج َو ُك ُكماااْكعِكْك ُكما ػَو ْكغًن ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكما ۚ ا‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ت ِكام َو ْك‬ ‫آ َوػ ػَو ما ػِّلػَو ٍء‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫ااخَوػَو ُكفوااإَّزَلام ْك ا ػَو ْكع َو‬
‫ااْل ْكَوم ِك ا ۖ افَو َو ْك‬ ‫َو ْك ُك ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ا٘مْكَو ُكف َوا‬
‫وف‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك اُكوااف ه َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫إِك َّزف َوارَّز َو ايػَو ْكقض ا ػَوْكػَوػ ُكه ْكمايػَو ْكوَوـاااْكقَو َوم اف َو َو‬
45:17 And We have given them (children of Israel) clear
instructions (in religion). It was only after knowledge had come
to them they split up because of the rivalry among them. Verily
your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Judgment in

matters in which they dispute.
Every individual will have an escort also.
‫اس ئِك ٌقا َو َو ِكه ٌا‬
‫ام َوع َوه َو‬ ‫اك ُّااػَو ْكف ٍء‬
‫س َو‬ ‫ت ُك‬
‫َو َوج َو ْك‬
50:21 Every soul will come with an escort and a witness.
Allah will ask the prophets about the response of the
people to the divine messages they conveyed. A prophet can
know the response of the people only for the period he was
with them. But Allah alone knows the response of the people
after the death of the prophet.
‫تا َو َّزَلـاااْكغُك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫وؿام ذَواا ِكُكج ما ۖ ا َو اُكو َو ِك‬
‫وبا‬ ‫ااَلا ْك َومااَوَو ا ۖ اإاَّز َو ا َواْك َو ُك ُك‬ ‫ْكُك ْك‬ ‫اٖم َو ُكعاااَّزهُكاااُّ ُكس َوافَوػَوػ ُكق ُك َو‬
‫يػَو ْكوَوـ َوْك‬
5:109 The day Allah will assemble the apostles together! He
will ask: What was the response you received (from people to
the message you conveyed to them)? They will say: We have
no knowledge. Certainly it is You who have full knowledge of
the mysteries.
The Day of Judgement offers the opportunity for all the
human robots to examine records of their performance during
their test life.
17:13-14 “….On the Day of Judgement, We shall bring out for
him a scroll, which he will see spread open. (He will be told):
Read your (own) Record; sufficient is yourself this day to make
an account about yourself.”
‫وفاي ا يْكػَوَوػَو ام ِكؿا ٰىَو َوذااااْك ِكَو ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ب َواَلا‬ ‫بافَوػَوػَو اااْك ُك ْكج ِكم َو ُك‬
‫ام ْك فق َو اِمَّز اف ها َو يػَو ُكقواُك َو َو َو َو‬ ‫َو ُكض َوعاااْك َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫اكِك ةًناإِكَّزَلا َوحل ا ۚ ا ج ُك اام ا ِك ُكو ِك‬ ‫يػغَو ِكدر ِك‬
‫ااح ضًناا ۗ ا َوَوَلايَوظْك ُكم َوارُّ َو ا َو‬
‫َوح ًن ا‬ ‫ْك َو َو َو َو َو َو َو َو‬ ‫اصغ َوةًنا َوَوَل َو َو‬
‫ُك ُك َو‬
18:49 And the dossier (of deeds of each person) will be
placed. Then you will see the sinners getting frightened of what
is (recorded) therein; they will say, “Ah! Woe to us! What a
dossier this is! It leaves out nothing small or great without

recording it.” They will find whatever they did (in the life of
this world) presented (in it): And your Lord will not treat
anyone with injustice.
The record mentioned in the verses above is the information
relating to one‟s conscious activities stored in sadr (see chapter
11), which after the death of the individual is stored in
Illiyyoon or Sijjeen depending on the success or failure of the
individual in the test (see chapter 16).
Since the dossier of activities during the test life is
given on the Day of Judgement to every individual for reading
and evaluation by himself, it is necessary that the individual
has information about his activities during his test life in tact in
his sadr. Otherwise, they will not be able to recollect their past
and evaluate the record given to them. The Quran also informs
that the resurrected people will recognize each other (10:45
quoted above). The Quran further indicates that every one will
be able to remember their past deeds. This means the
information stored in the previous sadr has been fully restored
during resurrection and is available in the sadr of the clone or
the resurrected person. This is evident from the reactions of
human individuals on seeing their records.
‫ِك‬ ‫اكِك ًنةاإِكَّزَلا َوحل ا ۚ ا ج ُك اام ا ِك ُكو ِك‬ ‫يػغَو ِكدر ِك‬
‫َوح ًن ا‬ ‫ْك َو َو َو َو َو َو َو َو‬ ‫اصغ َوًنةا َوَوَل َو َو‬
18:49 “….You will see the sinful in great terror because of
what is recorded therein; they will say: Ah, woe to us! What a
book is this! It leaves out nothing small or great, but takes
account thereof...”
The verse indicates that the sadr with its stored information is
in tact in the resurrected people as reflected in their reactions
while going through their dossiers. Another verse on joining
with own righteous spouses in Heaven also indicates we will be
able to recollect our past thereby confirming the restoration of

sadr with its contents during resurrection.
‫َوْلَو ْكقَو ِكاِبِك ْكماذُكِّلريػَّزَوػ ُكه ْكما َو َوم ا َواَوْكػَو ُك ْكم ِكام ْك ا َو َو ِك ِكه ْكم ِكام ْك ا‬
‫مَو ٍءفا ْك‬ٙ‫اآمُكواا َوا ػَّزَوػ َوعْكػ ُكه ْكماذُكِّلريػَّزُكػ ُكه ْكما ِكِكإ‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫ب َوارِك ٌا‬ ‫اك َو َو‬ ‫اام ِك ٍءئ ِكاِبَو َو‬ ‫اك ُّ ْك‬‫َو ْك ٍء ا ۚ ُك‬
52:21 And those who believe and whose families follow them
in Faith – to them shall We join their families: Nor shall We
deprive them (of the fruit) of aught of their works: (Yet) is each
individual in pledge for his deeds.
The installation of the dossier of one‟s test life during
resurrection enables one to recollect his past life and examine
the record to his satisfaction. It will also convince him of the
fairness of Allah‟s judgement and His verdict. This implies that
at the time of death the angel removes not only nafs of the
individual but also all the information stored in sadr and other
body cells. The nafs along with all other information is
subsequently stored in biomemetic niches in the soil. At the
time of resurrection, the information retrieved from the sadr
gets stored in the sadr of the resurrected body and the
information retrieved from other tissues of the body gets stored
in the respective tissues. This would explain how one is
enabled to recollect his past deeds and how his tissues could
speak about their activities in support of what is stored in the
sadr.
‫وفا‬ ‫آمْكِك ُكما َو َو ٰى ا َوفْكػ َووا ِك ِكه ْكما َو ُك َو ِّل ُك َو ا َويْك ِك ِكيه ْكما َو َو ْك َوه ُك ا ْكَور ُكجُك ُكه ْكم ِكاِبَو َو‬
‫اك اُكواايَو ْك ِك ُك َو‬ ‫ااْكَوػ ْكوَوـ َو‬
36:65 That Day We shall seal their mouths. But their hands
will speak to us, and their feet bear witness, to all that they did.
‫وفا َو َو اُكواا‬ ‫اك اُكواايػَو ْكع َو ُك َو‬‫ود ُك ْكم ِكاِبَو َو‬
‫ل ُكرُك ْكما َو ُكجُك ُك‬ ‫اج ُك َو ا َو ِكه َو ا َو َوْك ِكه ْكم َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫َوح َّز ٰىَّتاإذَو َو‬
‫امَّزةٍءا‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫ود ِك م ِك‬
‫اَلَوا َو ِكه ْك ُكْكُتا َو َوْكػَو ا ۖ ا َو اُكواا َواْكطَوَوقَو اااَّزهُكاااَّز ِكذيا َواْكطَو َوق ُك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫اخَو َوق ُك ْكما َوَّز َوؿ َو‬
‫اك َّزا َو ْك ا َو ُك َوو َو‬ ‫ْلُكُك ْك‬
‫ود ُكك ْكما‬
‫اجُك ُك‬
‫اْسْك ُكع ُك ْكما َوَوَلا َوْك َو‬ ‫َو إِكاَوْك ِكها ُكػ ْك َوج ُكع َو‬
‫وفا َو َوم ُك‬
‫وفا َو ٰىَوذاِك ُك ْكماظَوُّ ُك ُكماااَّز ِكذياظَوَوػْكُك ْكما ِكَوِّل ُك ْكما ْكَورَود ُكاك ْكما‬ ‫َوفاااَّزه َواَلايػعَوم َو ِك‬
‫اكثِك ًنااِمَّز ا َوػ ْكع َو ُك َو‬ ‫َو اَو ْك اظَوَوػْكُك ْكما َّز َو َو ْك ُك‬
‫ٰى ِك‬
‫َوصَو ْكحُك ْكم ِكام َو ْك‬
‫فَوأ ْك‬
41:20-23 At length, when they reach the (Fire), their hearing,
their sight, and their skins will bear witness against them, as to
(all) their deeds. They will say to their skins: Why you bear
witness against us? They will say: (Allah) has given us speech;
(He) Who gives speech to everything: He created you for the
first time and to Him you are to return. You did not seek to
hide yourselves, lest your hearing, your sight, and your skins
should bear witness against you! But you did think that Allah
knew not many of the things that you used to do! But this
thought of yours which you did entertain concerning your
Lord, has brought you to destruction, and (now) you have
become those utterly lost!
People will be questioned and called to explain their
past deeds on that Day.
‫ُكّتَّزااَوُك ْك أَواُك َّز ايػَو ْكوَومئِك ٍءذا َو ِك اااَّزعِك ِكما‬
102:8 Then, that Day you will be questioned about the
pleasures (you had indulged in the life of the world).
Allah‟s judgement will be with full justice. Not a single human
robot will He treat with injustice.
‫ِك‬ ‫اكِك ًنةاإِكَّزَلا َوحل ا ۚ ا ج ُك اام ا ِك ُكو ِك‬ ‫يػغَو ِكدر ِك‬
‫َوح ًن ا‬ ‫ْك َو َو َو َو َو َو َو َو‬ ‫اصغ َوًنةا َوَوَل َو َو‬
18:49 “…They will find all that they did, placed before them
and not one will your Lord treat with injustice.”
‫احَّز ٍء ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫طااِك ػوِكـاااْك ِكق م ِكافَو َوَلا ُكظْكَومااػَو ْكفسا َو ئ ا ۖ ا إِك ْكف َو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اك َوفامثْكػ َوق َوؿ َو‬ ‫ُك ٌ ْكًن َو‬ ‫ض ُكعاااْك َو َوو ِكازي َو اااْكق ْك َو َو ْك َو َو‬ ‫َو اَو َو‬
‫اح ِكسِك َوا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ٍء‬
‫َوخ ْك َودؿا َوَوػْكػَو اِبَو ا ۗ ا َو َوك َوف ٰى ا َو َو‬
21:47 We shall set up scales of justice for the Day of
Judgement, so that not a single individual (nafs) will be dealt
with unjustly in the least. And if there be (no more than) the
weight of a mustard seed (good or evil deed) We will bring it

(to account). And enough are We to take account.
Further Allah says that He is extremely fast in Judgement.
‫اَل َوِك‬ ‫اك ٍء ِك ٍء‬ ‫َوااَّز ِكذي َو َو‬
‫اٖم ْك هُكا َو ْكئًن ا‬ ‫ااج َوهُك َوْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اح َّز ٰىَّتاإذَو َو‬
‫ام ًن َو‬
‫آف َو‬ ‫ابا ِكق َوع َوْك‬
‫اٗم َو ُكهُكاااظَّز ْك ُك‬ ‫اك َوفُك اا َو ْك َو ُكَلُك ْكم َو َو َو‬
‫ب‬ ‫يع ْك‬‫اس ِك ُك‬
‫َو َو َوج َو اااَّزهَوا ْك َو هُكافَوػ َووفَّز هُكاح َو َوهُكا ۗ ا َوااَّزهُك َو‬
24:39 “…And Allah is swift in taking account.”
‫ااْلَو ِكسِك َوا‬
‫ع ْك‬ ‫َوسَو ُك‬
‫ْكما َو ُك َووا ْك‬ ‫ااْلَو ِّلقا ۚ ا َوَوَلااَوهُك ْك‬
‫ااْلُك ُك‬ ‫ام ْكوَوَل ُك ُكم ْك‬ ‫ِك ِك‬
‫ُكّتَّز ُكارُّد ااإ َوَلاااَّزه َو‬
6:62 Then they were returned to Allah, their real protector.
The power of judgement rests with Him. And He is the swiftest
in taking account.
‫ااْلِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫س ِكاِبَو َو‬
‫با‬ ‫اس ِك ُك‬
‫يع ْك َو‬ ‫تا ۚ َواَلاظُكْك َوماااْكَوػ ْكوَوـا ۚ اإ َّزفاااَّزهَو َو‬
‫اك َو َو ْك‬ ‫اك ُّااػَو ْكف ٍء‬
‫اَتَو ٰى ُك‬
‫ااْكَوػ ْكوَوـ ُكْك‬
40:17 That Day every soul will be rewarded what it earned.
There will be no injustice that Day. Indeed Allah is swift in
taking account.
The entire process of evaluation and judgement of
billions of human robots with equally numerous physical
variables, biological attributes and their potentials, and their
interactions is beyond human comprehension. Allah informs us
that He will mete out everyone justly and no injustice will be
done to anybody. We may visualize the process with our
limited knowledge as follows. The judgement with full justice
to all implies Allah will take into consideration all the variables
that make one individual different from the other. These
include one‟s physical potentials, mental potentials, wealth,
other assets and deficiencies he had during his test life on
Earth. This is evident from Allah‟s message that He does not
expect from an individual beyond his capacity (Q. 7:42, see
chapter 16). Think of an evaluation equation with weight
assigned to each of the pluses and minuses. Such a judgement
howsoever impossible it may appear to us will only be an easy
matter for God. Allah‟s message that He is swiftest in taking
account tells it all. In fact the evaluation of one‟s record of
performance is over at the time of death itself. What probably

meant by the Final Judgement could be the formal declaration
of the award of Heaven or Hell after the individual is
convinced of the veracity of the record of his performance
given to him for verification.
Heaven – the Muslim Earth
Following Judgement, the successful human robots will
be awarded Heaven while the unsuccessful will get punishment
in Hell (Q. 84:7-12). Allah will welcome the successful robots
to His Heaven with utmost satisfaction. A lot of information is
given about Heaven and Hell in the Quran. However, only a
few verses that have scientific significance are considered here.
‫ام ْك ِكضَّز ًنافَو ْكد ُكخِك ِكآتا ِكَو ِكديا َو ْكاد ُكخِك ا‬ ‫ي ا َويػَّزُكػه ااا ػ ْكَّزفساااْك طْك ئِكَّز ُك ِك ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اارجع اإ َو ٰىَل َوارِّل َواراضَو ًن َو‬
‫ُك ُك َو ْك‬ ‫َو َو‬
‫َوج ِكَّزِتاا‬
89:27-30 (To the righteous will be said) O (you) nafs in
(complete) rest and satisfaction; come back you to your Lord
well pleased (yourself) and well pleasing to Him; enter you
then among My robots; and enter you My Heaven.
Heaven is the re-created Earth (of the next universe)
which the successful human robots will inherit and live there
forever serving Allah.

‫اااذ ْكك ِك ا َّز‬ ‫اكَوْكػَو ِكآتاااَّزُك ِك‬
21:105 Before this, We wrote in the Zaboor (the Book given to
that My righteous robots (servants) will inherit the earth.
Allah‟s announcement to angels that He was going to create a
vicegerent (man) on Earth (Q. 2:30 discussed in chapter 11)
has to be understood in this context. This message is generally
understood as referring to the present Earth. That is wrong. It
refers to the permanent Earth where righteous human robots
will be deployed to serve Him forever.
Since only the righteous human robots will be deployed

in Heaven, it may be rightly called the “Muslim Earth”, the
planet inhabited by only Muslims – the human robots who
submitted themselves to the will of Allah. There is only one
death; that is on the present earth. The next life is eternal
without death. This means there will be no more deletion of the
biomemome (nafs) from the body as happened during the life
on this earth. Present life is a test life and death is required to
terminate the test period of an individual (Q. 67:2, see chapter
16). Further, Satan virus will also be absent in our biomemome
of our next life and we will be free of evil influences. As the
mission of Iblis would be over with the end of this world and
he was given respite by Allah till that day (Q. 7:12-18, see
chapter 12), the biomemomes of the resurrected people will not
be carrying the Satan virus program. Satan virus was
introduced into human biosystem (through Adam‟s nafs) to
make the human robot testing efficient. The next life is not test
life. Further Satan will say goodbye to human race on that Day.
‫َوخَو ْكفُك ُك ْكما ۖ ا َو َوم ا‬ ‫ااْل ْكَومُك اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوا َو َو َو ُكك ْكما َو ْك َو ْك‬ ‫َو َوؿااا َّز طَو ُكفااَو َّز ا ُك ِك‬
‫ااْلَو ِّلقا َو َو َو ْك ُك ُك ْكمافَوأ ْك‬ ‫ض َو ْك‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َو‬
‫ٍء‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ومواا‬ ‫وموِكِّنا َو اُك ُك‬
‫اد َو ْكوُك ُك ْكمافَو ْكسَو َوجْكُك ْكم ِكاِلا ۖ افَو َوَلا َوػُك ُك‬ ‫اس ْكطَو فاإِكَّزَلا ْكَوف َو‬ ‫اِلا َو َوْك ُك ْكمام ْك ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َوك َوف َو‬
‫وف ِكام ْك ا َوػْك ُكا ۗ ا‬
‫اك َوف ت ِكاِبَو ا َو ْك ْككُك ِك‬
‫َو ُك‬
‫َواْكػ ُكف ُك ما ۖ ام ا َواَو ِكاِبُكل ِك ِكخ ُك ما م ا َواْكػ م ِكاِبُك ِك‬
‫ل ِكخ َّز ا ۖ اإِك ِّلِّن َو ْك ُك‬ ‫ْك ْك َو َو ُك ْك ْك‬ ‫َو ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬
‫ابا َوا ٌام‬ ‫إِك َّزفاااظَّز اِك ِك َو َو‬
ٌ ‫اَلُك ْكما َو َوذ‬
14:22 And the Satan will say when the matter is decided: “It
was Allah who gave you true promise. I too promised you, but
I violated (it). I had no authority over you except that I invited
you (and) then you answered me. Therefore do not blame me
but you blame yourselves. I am not your helper and you are not
my helper. I reject your associating me earlier with Allah.
Verily, the wrongdoers have a painful punishment.”
The Quran provides a fairly good account of the
physical environment of the new Earth (Heaven) as well as its
biosphere. The environment in Heaven will not be excessively
hot or cold. It will be full of fruits hanging low in humility,
where people will wear silk and they will have everything in
plenty. Insofar as the present earth is the venue for testing
human robots, it represents only a miniature model of the next
Earth or Heaven. To say the least, we cannot even fathom the
kind of things and resources provided in Heaven. The
environmental conditions of the present Earth and the next
Earth must be similar as both are created as habitat for human
beings. The physics, chemistry and biology of the next
universe may also be expected to be more or less the same. The
next Earth will have the width of the present universe, i.e., the
sizes of the present Earth and skies put together.
‫َّزتااِكْك ُك ِكَّزق َوا‬ ‫س ِكر وااإِك َو ٰىَلام ْكغ ِكف ةٍء ِكام ارِّل ُك ما جَّز ٍءا ضه ااا َّز اتا ْكاْلَور ِك‬
‫ضا ُك ْك‬‫َو َو ْك َو ْك َو َو َو ْك ُك َو َو َو ُك َو ْك ُك‬ ‫َو َو ُك‬
3:133 Be quick in the race for forgiveness from your Lord, and
for a Garden (Heaven) whose width is that (of the whole) of the
skies and the earth, prepared for the righteous.
‫اآمُكواا‬ ‫ضا ُك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫َّزتااَّزذي َو َو‬‫ْك‬ ‫ضااا َّز َو ِك ا َو ْكاْل ْكَور ِك‬ ‫اك َوع ْك ِك‬
‫ض َوه َو‬ ‫ٍء‬ ‫س ِكُكقوااإِك َو ٰىَل ِك ِك‬
‫ام ْكغفَوةٍءام ْك َوارِّل ُك ْكما َو َوجَّز ا َو ْك ُك‬
‫َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫ض ِك اااْك َوع ِكظ امِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫َّز‬ ۚ
‫ام ْك ايَو َو ُكا ا َواا هُكاذُك اااْك َوف ْك‬ ‫َّز‬
‫ض ُكااا هايػُك ْك ه َو‬ ‫ِك ا ها َو ُكر ُكس ها اذَوا َو افَو ْك‬
‫ٰى‬ ۚ ‫َّز‬
57:21 Be you foremost (in seeking) Forgiveness from your
Lord, and a Garden (of Bliss), the width whereof is as the
width of the sky and the earth, prepared for those who believe
in Allah and His apostles: that is the Grace of Allah, which He
bestows on whom He pleases: and Allah is the Lord of Grace
abounding.
The biosphere will be composed of not only human
beings but all other living beings (plants, animals, etc.) as well.
‫ضا َوَلاطَو ئِكٍء اي ِكط ِكاِبَوَو حْك ِكهاإِكَّزَلا ُكمما ْكَومثَو اُك ُك ما ۚ ام افَوػَّزطْكَو ِكآتاااْك ِكَو ِك‬ ‫ادا َّزٍء ِكآت ْك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫با‬ ‫ْك َو‬ ٌ ‫َو‬ ‫َو ُك َو‬ ‫ااْل ْكَور ِك َو‬ ‫َو َوم ام ْك َو‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِكم ْك ا َو ْك ٍء ا ۚ ُك‬
‫اّتَّزاإِك َو ٰىَل َوارِّلِب ْكم ُكْك‬
‫اٗم َو ُك َواف‬
6:38 There is not an animal (that lives) on the earth, nor a being
that flies on its wings, but (forms part of) communities like
you. Nothing have we omitted from the Book, and they (all)
shall be gathered to their Lord in the end.
The picture of the next Earth – the Heaven promised to

the righteous – Allah gives is far beyond human imagination
and perception. Only a few verses are quoted here.
‫َبا‬ ‫وفا ۖ افِك ه ا َواْكػه ر ِكام ام ٍء ا َو ِك ِك‬
‫اآس ٍء ا َواْكػ َوه ٌر ِكام ْك ااَو َو ٍء‬ ‫ااْلَوَّز ِكاااَّزِكِتا ُك ِك َو اااْك ُك ػ ُك‬
‫َّزق َو‬ ‫َومثَو ُك ْك‬
‫َو‬ ‫َو َو ٌ ْك َو ْك‬
‫ل ًّف ا ۖ ا َو َوَلُك ْكمافِك َوه ِكام ْك ا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َوَلايػ ػغَّزػ اطَوع ها َواْكػه ر ِكام َو ٍء ِك‬
‫اَخْك ٍء ااَو َّزذةاا َّز ِكرِك َو ا َو َواْكػ َوه ٌرام ْك ا َو َو ٍء ُك‬
‫ام َو‬ ‫ْك َوَو َو ْك ْك ُك ُك َو َو ٌ ْك‬
‫اام ًنا َوِك ًن افَوػ َوقطَّز َوعا‬ ‫اك ا و ِك‬ ‫ِك ِك ِك ِك‬
‫اخ ا ٌ ِكآتاااَّز ِكرا َو ُكس ُكقو َو‬ ‫ُكك ِّلاااثَّز َو َواتا َو َوم ْكغفَوةٌام ْك َوارِّلِب ْكما ۖ َو َو ْك ُك َو َو‬
‫ْكَوم َوع َو ُك ْكام‬
47:15 “(Here is) a Parable of the Garden which the righteous
are promised: in it are rivers of water incorruptible; rivers of
milk of which the taste never changes; rivers of wine, a joy to
those who drink; and rivers of honey pure and clear. In it there
are for them all kinds of fruits; and Grace from their Lord…”
‫تا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اِشْك ًن ا َوَوَل َوازْكم َوه ِكيًناا َو َودااَو ًنا َو َوْك ِكه ْكماظ َوَل ُكَلَو ا َو ذُكاِّلَو ْك‬ ‫ااْل َوَورائِك ِك ا ۖ َواَلايػَوَو ْك َوفافِك َوه َو‬ ‫ُكمَّز ِكئِك َو افِك َوه ا َو َو ْك‬
‫ض ٍءا‬ ‫تا َوػ َوو ِكاريَواا َوػ َوو ِكاريَو ِكام ْك افِك َّز‬ ‫اك اَو ْك‬
‫اب َو‬‫َوكو ٍء‬
‫ض ا َو ْك َو‬
‫ؼا َو ِكهما ِكآاِك ٍء ِكام افِك َّز ٍء‬
‫ُكطُكوفُكػ َوه ا َو ْكذا ًنَلا َو يُكطَو ُك َو ْك ْك َو ْك‬
‫ِك‬
‫اس ْك َو ِك ًنَلا‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اكأْكس َو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اج َوه َوازْكّمَو ًنَلا َوْكػًن اف َوه ا ُك َو َّز ٰى َو‬ ‫اك َوفامَو ُك‬ ‫َّزر َو ا َوػ ْكق يًناا َو يُك ْك َوق ْكو َوفاف َوه َو ًن‬ ‫َو ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫وؼا َو َوْك ِكه ْكما ِكاْك َو ا ٌف ُك‬
‫تااَوع ًن ا‬ ‫اّتَّز َوارَويْك َو‬
‫ت َو‬ ‫اارَويْك َو‬
‫اامْكثُك ًنوراا َو إ َوذ َو‬
‫اح ْكَوػ ُكه ْكمااُكْك اُكًن َو‬ ‫اُمَوَّز ُك َوفاإ َوذ َو‬
‫اارَويْكػَوػ ُكه ْكم َو‬ ‫َو يَوطُك ُك‬
‫ض ٍءا َو َوس َوق ُك ْكما‬ ‫َوس ِكَور ِكام ْك افِك َّز‬ ‫ضٌ ا َو إ ْكسَوْكػَو ٌؽا ۖ ا َو ُكحُّواا َو‬
‫اخ ْك ِك‬ ‫اسْك ُك ٍءس ُك‬
‫ب ُك‬
‫ِك ِك‬
‫اكِك ًناا َو اَوػ ُكه ْكماثَو ُك‬ ‫َو ُكم ْك ًن َو‬
‫ام ْك ُك ًنوراا‬ ‫اس ْكعُك ُك ْكم َو‬
‫اجَوا ًنا َو َوك َوف َو‬ ‫ااك َوفااَو ُك ْكم َو‬ ‫َورػُّ ُكه ْكما َو َوا ًن اطَو ُكه ًنورااإِك َّزفا ٰىَو َوذ َو‬
76:13-22 Reclining in the (Garden) on raised thrones they will
see there neither sun‟s (excessive heat) nor excessive cold. And
the shadows of the (Garden) will come near over them and the
fruit bunches there will be within their easy reach. And silver
vessels and crystal goblets will be passed around them (serving
food and drinks). (That is), crystal made of silver. They have
fixed its measure. And they will be given a cup of drink there;
it will be a mix of ginger. A spring called Salsabil is there. And
perpetual youths will be around them. If you see them, you will
think of them as scattered pearls. And when you see there, you
will notice blessings and a great kingdom. They will be
wearing garments of green fine silk and thick silk, and they
will be adorned with silver bracelets; and their Lord will give
them pure drink. Verily, this is a reward for you. And (thus)
your endeavour (on earth) finds acceptance with gratefulness
(with Allah).
‫يام ْك ا َوْكِك َوه ْك‬
‫اَت ِك ِك‬ ‫اَلماجَّز ٍء‬ ‫اااال ِكْل ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫اكَّز َو ا‬ ‫ااْلَواْكػ َوه ُكرا ۖ ُك‬ ‫ت َوْك‬ ‫تا َّز‬
‫َوف َوُك ْك َو‬ ‫اآمُكواا َو َو ُكو َّز َو‬ ‫َو َو ِّل ِك اااَّزذي َو َو‬
‫امَو َو ِكِبًن ا ۖ ا َو َوَلُك ْكما‬ ‫ِكِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َّز ِك‬ ۙ ‫ِك ِك ِك ٍء ِك‬
‫يارِكزْكػَو ام ْك ا َوػْك ُكا ۖ ا َو ُكُكواا ه ُك‬
‫ُكرزُكواامْكػ َوه ام ْك َواْثَوَوةارْكزًن ا ا َو اُكواا ٰىَو َوذااااذ ُك‬
‫اخ اِك ُك َواف‬ ‫ِك‬
‫امطَو َّزهَوةٌا ۖ ا َو ُك ْكماف َوه َو‬
‫اج ُك‬
ٌ ‫ف َوه ا ْكَوزَو‬
‫ِك‬
2:25 But give glad tidings to those who believe and work
righteousness, that their portion is Gardens, beneath which
rivers flow. Every time they are fed with fruits there from, they
say: “Why, this is what we were fed with before,” for they are
given things in similitude; and they have therein companions
pure (and holy); and they abide therein (for ever).
‫ل َو ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ااْلُكْك ِكاااَّزِكِتا ُك ِك َو اااْك ُك ػ ُك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ام ا‬
‫ااَلُك ْكماف َوه َو‬
‫اجَوا ًنا َو َوم ًن‬
‫ت َو‬ ‫وفا ۚ َو‬
‫اك اَو ْك‬ ‫َّزق َو‬ ‫اجَّز ُك ْك‬ ‫ُك ْك ا َو ٰىذَوا َو َو‬
‫اخْكػٌ ا ْكَوـ َو‬
‫اام ْك ئُك ًنوَلا‬
‫اك َوفا َو َو ٰى َوارِّل َو ا َو ْك ًن َو‬ ‫اخ اِك ِكي َو ا ۚ َو‬ ‫يَو َو ُك َوف َو‬
25:16 Whatever they wish they will get therein (Heaven). They
will dwell (there) forever, a promise to be asked for from your
Lord.
These messages are a pointer to the variety and richness of the
bounties promised by Allah for His obedient robots in Heaven.
Hell – the place of punishment

Hell is the place of punishment but not of elimination.
The rejecters of Faith (Islam) will be destroyed „alive‟ in Hell.
They will not taste death, but only continue to live under
punishment in the Fire.
‫ِك ٍء ِك ِكِك‬ ‫اك ِّل ٍء‬ ‫يػ جَّز ها َوَلاي َو داي ِك غُكها يأْك ِك ِكهاااْك و ِك‬
ٌ ‫ام َو فا َو َوم ا ُك َوواِبَوِّلتا ۖ ا َو م ْك ا َو َورائها َو َوذ‬
‫ابا‬ ‫تام ْك ُك َو‬
‫َو ْك ُك‬ ‫َوَو َو ُك ُك َو َو ُك ُك ُك َو َو‬
‫َو ِك ٌا‬
‫ي‬
14:17 “….Death will come to him from every quarter, yet will
he not die….”
It is impossible for us to fathom the magnitude of the eternal
punishment in fire without death. Allah informs us that the
body tissues will be replaced anew as soon as they wither. This
would mean that the program will be so given that the
regeneration of the burnt tissues occurs at the same rate as its
destruction. Then the individual will experience only the
punishment and pain with the body organs intact. The Holy
Quran points to such a mechanism.
‫وداا َوْكػَو َو ا‬ ‫ود ُك ْكما َو َّز اْكَو ُك ْكم ُك‬
‫اجُك ًن‬ ‫اجُك ُك‬
‫ت ُك‬
‫ِك‬ ‫لِك ِكه ْكمااَو ًنر ُك‬
‫ااكَّز َو ااَوض َوج ْك‬ ‫ؼااُك ْك‬
‫اس ْكو َو‬ ‫إِك َّزفاااَّز ِكذي َو ِك ِك‬
‫اك َوفُك اا آيَو َو َو‬ ‫َو‬
‫اك َوفا ِكي ااح ِك‬ ‫اِك ُكذ ُكوااااْك َوع َوذ ۗ ِك‬
‫ابا اإ َّزفاااَّزهَو َو َو ًن َو ًن‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َو‬
4:56 Those who reject Our signs (the Quran), We shall soon
cast them into the Fire. As often as their skins are roasted
through, We shall change them for fresh skins that they may
taste the penalty. For God is exalted in Power, Wise.
With the award of Heaven and Hell, the divine mission will
come to an end.
References
1. Lloyd, S. 2006. Programming the Universe: A Quantum
Computer Scientist Takes On the Cosmos. New York: Alfred
A. Knopf.
2. http://dictionary.sakhr.com/idrisidic_2MM.asp?Lang=E-
A&Sub=%e3%f5%d3%fa %ca%f3%e6%fa%cf%f3%da%f1
Retrieved on April 17, 2007.
3. Yusuf Ali, A. 1983. The Holy Quran: Text, Translation and
Commentary. Amana Corp., Maryland, USA. Notes 664 and
665, pp. 230-231.
18. EPILOGUE
Scientific interpretation and explanation of the Quran
provide a new dimension to our understanding of human life
and the universe. The scientific exegesis (tafsir) of the Quran
presented in this book permits us to understand the divine
mission with man and the universe rationally and holistically.
The Quran is the only source that provides information on
God‟s purpose of creation. Allah created the species Homo
sapiens as His conscious, intelligent, free-willed robot (abd in
Arabic). Since human beings are bestowed with freedom to
take decision and act, it becomes necessary to test them for
their obedience to their Creator. It is a test of eligibility to
become Allah‟s robot to serve Him. The purpose of the test is
to identify those who voluntarily accept Allah unseen as their
Master, obey His directives and submit to Him in all humility.
The present temporary universe was created to provide
infrastructure facilities for the test. The planet Earth is the
human robot testing laboratory, a miniature version of the
eternal Heaven (Earth of the next universe) where the
successful human beings will be deployed as His robots. Every
message conveyed through the Quran is centred round this
divine mission and should be viewed and understood that way.
The Quranic revelations about the universe (both
physical and biological components) are suggestive of a
computerized set-up. Both the living and non-living
components of the universe are fully automated systems. The
living and nonliving segments are provided with all the
necessary software and hardware for the self-propelled self-
regulated functioning. The universe (seven skies and Earth as
the Quran describes it) is the infrastructure facility for human
robot testing. Earth is the human robot testing laboratory that
serves as human habitat. The system as a whole functions like a
computer and is so designed and programmed to provide all the
necessary amenities, facilities and resources during the test
period. The human biosystem has all the necessary programs

and hardware to suit the divine scheme. Human being has
built-in mechanisms and programs to record conscious
activities in real time, programs to guide or divert the mind
from the divine path, etc., that make the biosystem fully
automated to achieve the divine objectives. The Quran also
provides sufficient hints to develop computer model of the
physical universe and biological organism.
Understanding of the universe and human life based on
modern science is incomplete and incoherent for the simple
reason that the scientific community views the whole system as
the product of chance with no purpose to serve. This view is
developed and promoted by the scientific community against
the well established fact that energy with which the universe is
made of does not have the ability of autogenesis. Deliberate
denial of this truth as it implies the need for Creator God for
the universe has landed us in the most ludicrous and pitiable
situation. Scientists are trying to explain a system created with
specific purpose as a system with no Creator and no purpose. It
is high time the Muslim community realized the hidden agenda
of the scientific community and came forward to thwart the
satanic designs.
Scientific exploration through research is valid only for
generating new technologies. Any attempt to understand and
explain the universe and human life ignoring the divine
purpose will be misleading to the core. Holistic knowledge can
be developed only in conjunction with the Quran. By bringing
the Quran and science together, we will be able to generate
holistic knowledge of the universal systems and human race.
The holistic knowledge or Islamic Science so developed will
represent the totality of the knowledge revealed by Allah to
mankind. That will revolutionize our understanding of the
universe and our own life, and lead us to the right path in the
most scientific way.
The quantum of knowledge Allah gives to mankind is

finite. Man cannot acquire any knowledge he wants no matter
how much efforts he makes; he will get only the knowledge
prescribed and released by Allah. This means we cannot go on
discovering and inventing things and expand our knowledge
base indefinitely. There is limit to it. Maybe sooner or later, we
are going to realize that.
Many revelations of scientific significance but not of
religious importance have been included in the Quran. This has
more significance than meets the eye. These revelations have
been discussed in chapter 4. What is so special about these is
the fact none of the revelations of scientific value has been
confirmed by researchers from the Muslim community but they
were all confirmed through scientific discoveries by non-
Muslim scientists. That should be seen as part of the divine
scheme to prove to the unbelievers Allah‟s existence and
scientific validity and divinity of the Quran so that they realize
the truth and accept it.
There are at least three scientific evidences for the
existence of God and the divinity of the Quran discussed in this
book. One is the close correspondence of the created natural
system with the divine purpose of creation. Another is the very
amenability of the Quran to scientific explanation. The third is
the rejection or the never-ending controversies associated with
certain theories in science that are at variance with the Quran.
There are several subjects, issues and phenomena that
do not have any explanation in modern science. There are also
several phenomena that can be understood only in the light of
the Quran. These are energy, process of creation, purpose of
creation of the universe and Homo sapiens, phenomena of life
and death, functioning of the universe, human mind, human
memory, finite nature of human knowledge, source of a priori
knowledge, ability of Earth to store information, source of
biological information, and source of chemical information. In
addition to these, there are certainties revealed through the
Quran, which are ordained to happen. These are death, end of

the world, re-creation of the universe, resurrection, Final
Judgement, and award of Heaven or punishment in Hell.
Further it is the Quran that reveals to us the unique
characteristics of human species. These are mind, memory,
language, faculties of seeing, hearing and feeling, abilities to
speak and write, consciousness, intelligence and freewill. It is
impossible to find out through scientific experimentation
whether other species also see and hear as we do or whether
they have mind, consciousness, freewill, etc. It is the Quran
that reveals to us that no other species has any of these
features.
The Scriptural revelations about all these phenomena
can be scientifically understood based on the respective
computer model of the physical universe and biological
organism developed in the light of the Quran. The computer
analogy also helps us understand certain terms used in the
Quran. To this list belong rooh, nafs, shaitan (Satan), qalb,
sadr, qabr, ajdathi, etc. The meanings of these words still
remain unclear. This is very much reflected in the confusion in
meanings given in translations of the Quran.
The Quran is truth from Almighty, Omniscient Allah
and is therefore the Universal Reference Standard for Truth.
The Quran can be applied to any domain of human knowledge;
be it religion, science or any other to evaluate the veracity of
information originating from them. In support of this rationale
we find any theory in science not in conformity with the Quran
either flops and gets rejected or remains controversial. Some of
these are steady state cosmology, theories of origin of life,
evolutionary biology, molecular gene (genome) concept, etc.
We should reject any theory not consistent with the Quran and
accept any theory consistent with the Quran. That way the
Quran helps to purify and preserve the factual information
content of science and other epistemic domains. It may be
noted that science is divine as the Quran and hence should be
complementary to each other. However, theories not consistent

with or opposed to the Quran originate through the influence of
Satan virus. This calls for revamping the non-tech domain of
science (and not the technology domain of science) and
redefining the research and academic priorities. The research
and academic programmes should be developed within the
framework of Islamic Science. By doing so, the scientific and
technological advancement of a country will not be in any way
adversely affected.
There are also revelations in the Quran such as the
creation of Earth as the first component of the universe and the
organization of the cosmic space as seven skies, etc. that
require scientific explanation. These subjects should get
priority on the research agenda of Muslim countries. Research
in these areas will generate true scientific theories in
cosmology.
The scope of the Quran can be understood only by
subjecting it to scientific treatment. The scientific exegesis
presented here makes it exceptionally clear that the Quran is
not merely a religious text dealing with Islamic rites, rituals,
etc., but is much more than that. It appears Allah has designed
science as partner to it. Science is needed to study and
comprehend the Quranic revelations especially those relating to
the universe and human life. It will be with advancement of
science, mankind will understand the Quranic messages better.
What is to be noted in this context is the fact that Allah is
upgrading the human biosystem physically and intellectually
over time. People of today are more advanced in these respects
than their predecessors. What earlier people could not have
thought and analyzed, modern humans do. Needless to say,
future generations will comprehend the Quran still better and at
a higher level of scientific acumen as science advances further.
However so long as science and Quran are kept apart and
studied in isolation, people will either lead their lives unaware
of the purpose of creation and mission of the Creator or
without understanding the Quran perfectly and convincingly.

The only option left to us is to integrate science with the Quran
and develop holistic knowledge. Only that knowledge, Islamic
Science, can besides answering the billion dollar questions
satiate the intellectual thirst of modern human beings
scientifically and rationally. Further, that alone can claim to be
true.
Without the Quran, man understands the universe and
his own life solely based on the information generated through
his five senses. With the Quran, man gets the knowledge of the
Creator‟s mission and His purpose of creations. The Quran thus
serves as the lens of God through which man can look at the
universe and his life from the divine perspective and get the
true picture. That will guide him to and through the path of
Allah – Islam – until death.
The scientific tafsir of the Quran brings to us a new
awareness of mother nature and our own life from the point of
view of Allah‟s purpose of creation. The exegesis brings to
light the scientific foundation of the Quran and Islam. More
importantly, it confirms the existence of God unequivocally.

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THE QURAN

Prof. P.A. Wahid, Ph.D., FNAAS

NOTHING IN THIS UNIVERSE MAKES SENSE

n) Preservation of Pharaoh‟s body for posterity

6. ORIGIN OF ENERGY AND THE PROCESS OF

a) Prebiotic soup theory

13. PLANET EARTH – HUMAN ROBOT TESTING

16. THE PROCESS OF HUMAN ROBOT TESTING 468

Real-time recording of test performance

17. END OF THE DIVINE MISSION 497

The scientific exegesis of the Quran presented in this

universe and human life but in combination they can.

including religion should be seen as part of the overall mission

apprehension is justifiable. But this will not happen because

pertaining to the universe and man. The exegesis therefore does

understand the Quranic revelations. These include

scientists in various fields and Quran scholars is required for

2. ALLAH – THE ONLY GOD

112:1-4 Say: He is Allah, the (only) One; Allah on whom

‫اّتَّزايُكعِك ُك هُكا ۖ افَوأ َّزٰى‬

hand. Glory to Him! High is He above the partners they

ُّ ‫وفااَوهُكا َواْك َو ًناداا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو َوار‬

39:62 Allah is the Creator of all things and He is the Guardian

59:23). He is the Source of Peace (Q. 59:23). He is the

85:15 Lord of the Throne of Glory.

‫ام ا َو ْك ِك ُك َو‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫واااَّزه ِكآتااا َّز ِك‬

He has ordained on Himself the mercy (Q. 6:12). He is

4:87 Allah. There is no God but He. Indeed He will gather

‫ا٘مْكِك ُك اااَّزهُكا َو ْك َو هُكا َو ٰىاَو ِك َّز ا ْك‬

‫اام ْك َوار ْك َوِكاااَّز ِكها ۚ اإِك َّزفاااَّزهَوايػَو ْكغ ِكفُك ا‬

It may be noted that the statement “Allah forgives all sins”

‫اسَّز ِكا َويَّز ٍءـ ُك‬

85:15-16 Lord of the Throne of Glory, One who does what He

‫ْكما َو إِكاَوْك ِكها ػُك ْك َوج ُكع َو‬

To Allah belong the East and the West (Q. 2:115

‫باااْك َو َو ِكرِكؽاا‬ ‫بااا َّز ِك‬

‫َّزه ِكرا ۚ ا َو ُك َووااا َّز ِك ُكعاااْك َوعِك ُكما‬

1:2-4 Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. The

‫ااْلَو ْك ُك ااِكَّز ِكه َوار ِّل‬

God is Absolute Truth

‫يآتاااْكَو ْكح ِك ِكاِبَو ا‬ ‫ضا ِك ِك‬ ‫ِك‬

16:79 Do they not look at the birds subjected to the

‫اك ِك ٍء اإِك َّزف ِكآتا ٰىَوذاِك َو َواْليَو ًنا ۖ ا َو َوم َو‬

3. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE OF GOD AND

Big bang cosmology

non-static universe. It was perhaps that Einstein was so much

Another prediction of the theory was the existence of a

Energy cannot originate by itself

public as it does not make it clear it is the situation in this

other words, God is truth. Anybody who refutes God is refuting

2. Hawking, S. 1988. A Brief History of Time: From the Big

4. SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY OF THE

messages would have meant nothing to the people of Prophet

cosmology and biological segment of the universe. The

The Quranic revelations confirmed in science

examine the Quranic revelations of scientific significance in

ُّ ‫وفااَوهُكا َواْك َو ًناداا ۚ ا ٰىَوذاِك َو َوار‬

The Quranic revelation of the primordial state of the universe

10:5 It is He who made the sun to be (a source of) light and