Rosemount Level Transmitters Technical Note

March 2018 00840-0300-4024, Rev CE

Table 8. Installation Parameters and Chamber Size Summary

Chamber diameter

Installation parameter 2-in. 3-in. 4-in.

Rigid probe Ok Ok Ok
Flexible probe Not recommended Application dependent Preferred
(use heavy weight)
Coaxial probe Ok(1) Ok(1) Ok(1)
Side connections, large (2 in.) Not recommended Application dependent Preferred
Side connections, small (1 in.) Ok Ok Ok
Overall length (< 2 m) Ok Ok Ok
Overall length (> 2 m) Application dependent Application dependent Ok
(use centering (use centering
discs/heavy weight) discs/heavy weight)
Low DC fluid (down to 1.4) Ok Ok Ok
High DC fluid Ok Ok Ok
Rapid fill rates Application dependent Ok Ok
Boiling, turbulence Application dependent Ok Preferred
Gas lift Application dependent Ok Preferred
Viscous, clogging fluids Application Heat trace Heat trace
dependent, heat trace
Chambers with interface Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended
1. Application dependent based on coating properties of the liquid.

Figure 5. Weight Dimensions

Short weight: Long weight:

A. 2 in (50 mm); 4 mm SST probes A. 5.5 in (140 mm); 4 mm SST probes
B. 1.5 in (37.5 mm); 4 mm SST probes B. 1.5 in (37.5 mm); 4 mm SST probes

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Technical Note Rosemount Level Transmitters
00840-0300-4024, Rev CE March 2018

4.4 Stilling well requirements

Pipes should be an all-metal material. Non-metallic pipes or sections are not recommended for
non-contacting radar. Plastic, acrylic glass, or other non-metal materials do not shield the radar from
outside disturbances and offer minimal, if any, application benefit. Other requirements include:
 Pipe should have a constant inside diameter.
 Pipe must be smooth on the inside (smooth pipe joints are acceptable, but may reduce accuracy).
 Avoid deposits, rust, and gaps.
 One hole above the product surface.
 Minimum hole diameter is 0.25 in. (6 mm).
 The hole diameter should be less than half of the diameter of the pipe, or maximum
4 in. (100 mm)(1). For example, a 4-in. pipe can have maximum 2-in. holes, and a 10-in. pipe can have
maximum 4-in. holes.
 Slots should be less than 12 in. (300 mm) long and 1.5 in. (40 mm) wide(1).

Figure 6. Still Pipe Requirements

A. Ø: D/2, or maximum 4 in. (100 mm) C. Maximum 1.5 in. (40 mm)
B. Maximum 12 in. (300 mm) D. Pipe diameter

Note
Holes/slots can be distributed around the pipe.

1. If slots/holes are larger than the above recommended figures, consult your local Emerson™ representative.

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Rosemount Level Transmitters Technical Note
March 2018 00840-0300-4024, Rev CE

5.0 Installation guidelines for non-contacting radar

5.1 Using non-contacting radar in stilling wells and bypass
chambers
When radar transmitters are used in metallic pipes, the microwave signal is guided and contained within
the pipe. This restriction of the signal results in a stronger signal on the surface which can be an
advantage for low dielectric and/or turbulent applications. Non-contacting radar can be advantageous
over longer distances especially when the use of GWR is not convenient.

5.2 The impact of frequency

When radar is used inside the pipe, more than one microwave mode is generated and each mode has a
unique propagation speed. The number of microwave modes that are generated varies with the
frequency of the radar signal and the pipe diameter. Emerson recommends using a 2- or 3-in. pipe to
minimize the number of microwave modes. The use of higher frequency radar transmitters should be
restricted to smaller diameters. Conversely, lower frequency units perform better than higher frequency
units on larger diameter pipes. Non-contacting radar transmitters should not be used on pipes larger
than 8-in.
Dirty pipes, heavy vapors and condensation can be dealt with by using a high frequency radar with high
sensitivity (Rosemount 5408) or by a low frequency radar (Rosemount 5401).
Radars utilizing linear polarization (Rosemount 5408 and 5600) have better tolerance for installations
that may not meet all mechanical requirements than radars utilizing circular polarization (Rosemount
5401 and 5402) because the transmitter head can be rotated to a point where the disturbances are
reduced.
Rosemount 5401 Non-Contacting Level Transmitter is not recommended for chambers as its wider pulse
frequency makes it sensitive to disturbances generated by the inlets and compromise level
measurements near those areas.
Rosemount 5402 Non-Contacting Level Transmitter is not recommended for medias with strong
reflections (i.e. water based, acids, etc) in chamber/still pipe installations.

5.3 Choosing the right antenna

The Rosemount 5400 and Rosemount 5600 Non-Contacting Level Transmitter offer a wide range of
antennas, including rod antennas, cone antennas, and process seal antennas. Of these, the Cone antenna
is the only suitable antenna for level measurement in pipes. All units are available with SST, Alloy C-276,
and Alloy 400 antennas.
With any radar unit, the antenna should match the pipe size as closely as possible. The antennas are sized
to fit within schedule 80 or lower pipes.
Ideally, the maximum gap between the antenna and the pipe wall should be as small as possible (see “A”
in Figure 7 on page 11). For the Rosemount 5600, gaps of up to 0.4 in. (10 mm) are acceptable. For the
Rosemount 5400 and 5408, gaps of up to 0.2 in. (5 mm) are acceptable. Larger gaps may result in
inaccuracies.

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Technical Note Rosemount Level Transmitters
00840-0300-4024, Rev CE March 2018

Figure 7. Pipe Installation Dimensions

B
< 2 in. (50 mm)
A

Table 9. Installation Guidelines for Non-Contacting Radar

Rosemount 5401 Rosemount 5402 Rosemount 5408 Rosemount 5600

A: Maximum gap 0.2 in. (5 mm) 0.2 in. (5 mm) 0.2 in. (5 mm) 0.4 in. (10 mm)(2)
between antenna
and pipe(1)
B: Minimum distance Not recommended 2 in. (50 mm) 2 in. (50 mm) 4 in. (100 mm)
between antenna
and inlet pipe
C: Minimum distance Not recommended 20 in. (500 mm) 20 in. (500 mm) 20 in. (500 mm)
between inlets
D: Minimum distance Not recommended 6 in. (150 mm) 6 in. (150 mm) 6 in. (150 mm)
between lower inlet
and bottom of pipe
Minimum dielectric 1.6 1.6 No minimum DC 1.4
constant
Dielectric constant Yes Not recommended Yes Yes
> 10
Availability per pipe
size
2-in. pipe N/A Yes(3) Yes(3) N/A
3-in. pipe Yes Yes Yes Yes
4-in. pipe Yes Yes Yes Yes
6-in. pipe Yes Not recommended Not recommended Yes
8-in. pipe Yes Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended
Can be used with full Yes Yes Yes Yes
port valve
Can be used in Yes Not recommended Yes Yes
applications with
heavy condensation
1. In difficult measurement conditions (dirty pipes, steam, echoes from inlet pipes, welds, or valves), accuracy and range will be improved with a
tighter fit between pipe and antenna.
2. In bypass chambers, the gap should be as small as possible.
3. Fits schedule 40 or lower pipes.

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Rosemount Level Transmitters Technical Note
March 2018 00840-0300-4024, Rev CE

5.4 Stilling well requirement

Pipes should be an all-metal material. Non-metallic pipes or sections are not recommended for
non-contacting radar. Plastic, acrylic glass, or other non-metal materials do not shield the radar from
outside disturbances and offer minimal, if any, application benefit. Other requirements include:
 Pipe should have a constant inside diameter.
 Pipe must be smooth on the inside (smooth pipe joints are acceptable, but may reduce accuracy).
 Avoid deposits, rust, gaps and slots.
 One hole above the product surface.
 Minimum distance between holes is 6 in. (150 mm)(1).
 Holes should be drilled on one side and de-burred.
 Ball valve or other full port valves must be completely open.
 Level will not be measured accurately below the pipe opening.
 The length of the pipe should extend beyond minimum product level.
 In heavy condensation applications, insulate the pipe/nozzle which is outside the tank atmosphere.
Failure to follow these requirements may affect the reliability of the level measurement.

Figure 8. Still Pipe Requirements

A. Minimum 6 in. (150 mm) B. Maximum hole diameter

Table 10. Maximum Hole Diameter

Rosemount 5401 Rosemount 5402 Rosemount 5408 Rosemount 5600

0.8 in. (20 mm) 0.4 in. (10 mm) 1.0 in. (25 mm) 0.8 in. (20 mm)

1. The minimum distance between holes is not always the optimal distance. Consult factory or product documentation for best installation practices.
12 Rosemount Level Transmitters
Technical Note Rosemount Level Transmitters
00840-0300-4024, Rev CE March 2018

In flat bottom tanks (<20° incline), where the fluid has a low dielectric and a measurement close to the
bottom of the tank is desired, a deflection plate should be used. This will suppress the bottom echo and
allow measurements closer to the pipe end. This is not necessary for dish- or cone-bottomed tanks
where the slope is more than 20°.

Figure 9. Deflection Plate

5.5 Bypass chamber requirements

The guidelines for stilling wells also apply to bypass chambers, with a few additions. Most importantly,
the inlet pipes must not protrude into the measuring pipe and the edge should be as smooth as possible.
In addition, the distances between the antenna and the chamber wall and inlet pipes should meet those
shown in Table 9 on page 11. If the inlet pipe tolerances are too restrictive, an alternative solution may be
to mount a smaller pipe within the bypass chamber, or consider using GWR.

Figure 10. Maximum Antenna Inclination in Chamber Installations

<1°

When the transmitter is mounted in a pipe, the inclination should be within 1° of vertical. Even small
deviations can cause large measurement errors. Also, the cone should be mounted in the center of the
pipe to achieve a uniform gap around the antenna.

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Rosemount Level Transmitters Technical Note
March 2018 00840-0300-4024, Rev CE

The Rosemount 5408 and 5600 transmitter heads should be oriented to minimize the impact of
disturbances such as pipe inlets or stilling wells holes.
Align the Rosemount 5408 transmitter head as shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11. Rosemount 5408 Transmitter Head Orientation in Still Pipe and Chamber Installations

Still pipe: External ground screw aligned Chamber: External ground screw aligned
towards the holes of the still pipe towards the process connections.

The Rosemount 5600 electronics head should be oriented so that the cover lock is 45° from any pipe
inlets or stilling well holes. It is also good if the installation allows for a ±90° rotation from this point to
allow alternative orientations, see Figure 12.

Figure 12. Rosemount 5600 Transmitter Head Orientation

A
90˚

45°

90˚

A. Center line of pipe slots /holes B. Cover lock

The Rosemount 5401 and 5402 circular polarization technology does not require the transmitter heads
to be aligned.

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Technical Note Rosemount Level Transmitters
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6.0 Transmitter configuration

The transmitter software contains a special pipe measurement mode, which is turned on by entering the
internal diameter of the pipe(1). This can be done using Rosemount Radar Master, the Field
Communicator, AMS, or any other DD-compatible host-system. When this mode is turned on, the
transmitter will be optimized for pipe measurements. For example, the dynamic gain curve will be
adapted for pipes and the lower propagation velocity of the radar signal in the pipe will be compensated.
Entering the pipe diameter into the transmitter is therefore crucial and must not be omitted.
Compensation is more important on higher frequency devices.

Figure 13. Transmitter Configuration Wizard

7.0 Performance and measuring range

The following figures reflect the anticipated performance for different radar devices when used in a pipe
installation following the guidelines contained in this document. The values in the table assume that all
the installation requirements stated above have been fulfilled and that the pipe is made per our recom-
mendations.(2)(3)(4)
The maximum measuring range is independent of the dielectric constant of the product. However, the
dielectric constant has to be greater than 1.4 for the Rosemount 5600 Series, and 1.6 for the Rosemount
5400 Series. For the GWR the minimum dielectric and maximum range varies with probe type (see Table
1 on page 4). For Rosemount 5408, the maximum measuring range is affected by other factors than the
dielectric constant of the product.

1. Accurate pipe diameter required for a proper level calculation.

2. Build-up or deposits inside the pipe may decrease the performance.
3. If the pipe inner diameter deviates, a scale factor error will appear for measurements in long pipes. For best accuracy it’s recommended to perform a
two-point measurement: 1. Measure with a high product level in the tank. Match the measured level value to a reference measurement and adjust the Cali-
bration Offset parameter if necessary. 2. Measure with a low product level in the tank. Match the measured level value to a reference measurement and
adjust the Pipe Inner Diameter parameter if necessary.
4. For further measuring range details, refer to product documentation.

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Rosemount Level Transmitters Technical Note
March 2018 00840-0300-4024, Rev CE

Key:
GWR with Coaxial Probe or Rigid Twin Leads(1)
GWR with Rigid or Flexible Single Lead(1)
Rosemount 5401 and 5402
Rosemount 5600
Rosemount 5408

Figure 14. 2-in. DN50 Connections

40 1,6”

30 1.2”

20 0.8”

10 0.4”
Accuracy, mm

0 0”

-10 0.4”

-20 0.8”

-30 1.2”

-40 1.6”
0 5 10 15 20 25
(16.5) (33) (50) (66) (82)

Distance, m (ft)

Figure 15. 3-in. DN80 Connections

40 1.6”

30 1.2”

20 0.8”

10 0.4”
Accuracy, mm

0 0”

-10 0.4”

-20 0.8”

-30 1.2”

-40 1.6”
0 5 10 15 20 25
(16.5) (33) (50) (66) (82)

Distance, m (ft)

1. Standard probes, reference conditions.

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Technical Note Rosemount Level Transmitters
00840-0300-4024, Rev CE March 2018

Figure 16. 4-in. DN100 Connections

40 1.6”

30 1.2”

20 0.8”
Accuracy, mm

10 0.4”

0 0”

-10 0.4”

-20 0.8”

-30 1.2”

-40 1.6”
0 5 10 15 20 25
(16.5) (33) (50) (66) (82)

Distance, m (ft)

Figure 17. 6-in. DN150 Connections

40 1.6”

30 1.2”

20 0.8”

10 0.4”
Accuracy, mm

0 0”

-10 0.4”

-20 0.8”

-30 1.2”

-40 1.6”
0 5 10 15 20 25
(16.5) (33) (50) (66) (82)

Distance, m (ft)

Figure 18. 8-in. DN200 Connections

40 1.6”

30 1.2”

20 0.8”

10 0.4”
Accuracy, mm

0 0”

-10 0.4”

-20 0.8”

-30 1.2”

-40 1.6”
0 5 10 15 20 25
(16.5) (33) (50) (66) (82)

Distance, m (ft)

Rosemount Level Transmitters 17

 Technical Note
00840-0300-4024, Rev CE
March 2018

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