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    Biology (5090) Bodmas Schoolong System and Coaching Center 2.1. Diffusion

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    Samina Naurin
    The document discusses three types of cellular transport: 1. Diffusion - the passive movement of molecules from areas of higher to lower concentration through cell membranes. Examples given include oxygen diffusion in lungs and food diffusion in colon. 2. Osmosis - the passive movement of water molecules from higher to lower concentration areas through semi-permeable membranes. Examples include swelling of raisins in water and water movement in plant and animal cells. 3. Active transport - transport against a concentration gradient that requires energy (ATP). Carrier proteins assist in moving molecules like ions and glucose across membranes. Root hair cells and small intestine cells are examples that use active transport.

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    Biology (5090) Bodmas Schoolong System and Coaching Center 2.1. Diffusion

    Uploaded by

    Samina Naurin
    26 views3 pages
    The document discusses three types of cellular transport: 1. Diffusion - the passive movement of molecules from areas of higher to lower concentration through cell membranes. Examples given include oxygen diffusion in lungs and food diffusion in colon. 2. Osmosis - the passive movement of water molecules from higher to lower concentration areas through semi-permeable membranes. Examples include swelling of raisins in water and water movement in plant and animal cells. 3. Active transport - transport against a concentration gradient that requires energy (ATP). Carrier proteins assist in moving molecules like ions and glucose across membranes. Root hair cells and small intestine cells are examples that use active transport.

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    The document discusses three types of cellular transport: 1. Diffusion - the passive movement of molecules from areas of higher to lower concentration through cell membranes. Examples given include oxygen diffusion in lungs and food diffusion in colon. 2. Osmosis - the passive movement of water molecules from higher to lower concentration areas through semi-permeable membranes. Examples include swelling of raisins in water and water movement in plant and animal cells. 3. Active transport - transport against a concentration gradient that requires energy (ATP). Carrier proteins assist in moving molecules like ions and glucose across membranes. Root hair cells and small intestine cells are examples that use active transport.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    26 views3 pages

    Biology (5090) Bodmas Schoolong System and Coaching Center 2.1. Diffusion

    Uploaded by

    Samina Naurin
    The document discusses three types of cellular transport: 1. Diffusion - the passive movement of molecules from areas of higher to lower concentration through cell membranes. Examples given include oxygen diffusion in lungs and food diffusion in colon. 2. Osmosis - the passive movement of water molecules from higher to lower concentration areas through semi-permeable membranes. Examples include swelling of raisins in water and water movement in plant and animal cells. 3. Active transport - transport against a concentration gradient that requires energy (ATP). Carrier proteins assist in moving molecules like ions and glucose across membranes. Root hair cells and small intestine cells are examples that use active transport.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    BIOLOGY (5090) BODMAS SCHOOLONG SYSTEM AND COACHING CENTER

    2.1. DIFFUSION
    Movement of molecules or particles from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration, down a
    concentration gradient.

    BIOLOGICAL CONCEPT:

    In biology, it is a type of passive transport, therefore, it is a net movement of molecules in and out of
    the cell across the cell membrane along a concentration gradient.

    EXAMPLES

     Digested particles of food diffuse in the colon.


     Oxygen in the lungs diffuses from the alveolar air space into the blood circulating around the
    lungs.
     Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood circulating around the lungs into the alveolar air space.
     Oxygen diffuses from the blood cells in the blood stream into muscles. During pregnancy, food
    molecules and oxygen diffuse from the mother’s blood to the fetus’s blood supply through the
    placenta.’

    2.2 OSMOSIS
    Movement of molecules from the region of higher concentration towards the region of lower
    concentration through a semi permeable membrane / differentiately permeable membrane/ selectively
    permeable membrane, down a concentration gradient.

    OR

    Movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water
    potential, through a partially permeable membrane
    BIOLOGICAL CONCEPT

    In biology, it is related to cells. This is usually when a solvent such as water flows into or out of a cell
    depending on the concentration of a solute such as salt. Osmosis happens spontaneously and without
    any energy through a semi permeable membrane.

    EXAMPLES

     Swelling of raisin when immersed in water.


     Movement of water in animal cell across our cell membrane.
     Plants take water and mineral from roots with the help of Osmosis.
     If you are there in a bath tub or in water for long your finger gets pruned. Finger skin absorbs
    water and gets expanded.

    2.3 ACTIVE TRANSPORT


    A kind of transport where ions or molecules move against a concentration gradient, which means
    movement in the direction opposite that of diffusion

    OR

    movement from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration this process requires
    energy, and the assistance of a type of protein called a carrier protein
    BIOLOGICAL CONCEPT
    Active transport is a type of cellular transport.

    In contrast to passive transport, the active transport involves the movement of a substance (e.g. ions,
    glucose, and amino acids) across a membrane from a region of its lower concentration to a region of its
    higher concentration against a concentration gradient.

    Since it is against the concentration gradient, this type of transport uses cellular energy (e.g. ATP) .

    The cellular energy is supplied through cell respiration.

    Mitochondria are the cell organelles in the cytoplasm that provide such type of energy source and also
    regulate energy release

    EXAMPLES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT


     Root hair cells in plant roots use active transport to absorb mineral ions (such as nitrates) from
    the soil - even though there are lower concentrations of minerals in the soil than there are
    within the root hair cell.
     Small intestine villi cells use active transport alongside diffusion to maximize the absorption of
    glucose and other substances, e.g. minerals.

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