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    Applications of CRO

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    NEXUS BLADE
    The document describes how to use an oscilloscope to measure voltage, frequency, period, and phase difference of signals. It provides examples of measuring the peak-peak voltage of waveforms using the volts/div setting. It also describes how to determine frequency from period measurements and how to calculate phase difference by measuring divisions between waves. Lissajous patterns created by applying signals to both oscilloscope axes are discussed for discerning frequency ratios and measuring phase angles between signals of the same frequency.

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    Applications of CRO

    Uploaded by

    NEXUS BLADE
    257 views8 pages
    The document describes how to use an oscilloscope to measure voltage, frequency, period, and phase difference of signals. It provides examples of measuring the peak-peak voltage of waveforms using the volts/div setting. It also describes how to determine frequency from period measurements and how to calculate phase difference by measuring divisions between waves. Lissajous patterns created by applying signals to both oscilloscope axes are discussed for discerning frequency ratios and measuring phase angles between signals of the same frequency.

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    The document describes how to use an oscilloscope to measure voltage, frequency, period, and phase difference of signals. It provides examples of measuring the peak-peak voltage of waveforms using the volts/div setting. It also describes how to determine frequency from period measurements and how to calculate phase difference by measuring divisions between waves. Lissajous patterns created by applying signals to both oscilloscope axes are discussed for discerning frequency ratios and measuring phase angles between signals of the same frequency.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    257 views8 pages

    Applications of CRO

    Uploaded by

    NEXUS BLADE
    The document describes how to use an oscilloscope to measure voltage, frequency, period, and phase difference of signals. It provides examples of measuring the peak-peak voltage of waveforms using the volts/div setting. It also describes how to determine frequency from period measurements and how to calculate phase difference by measuring divisions between waves. Lissajous patterns created by applying signals to both oscilloscope axes are discussed for discerning frequency ratios and measuring phase angles between signals of the same frequency.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Oscilloscope Application

    (a) Voltage Measurement

    The most direct voltage measurement made with an oscilloscope is the peak-peak value. The
    rms value of the voltage can easily be calculated from the peak to peak measurement if desired.
    The peak to peak value of voltage is compute as

    Vp-p = (vertical p-p division) x volts/div

    Example 1

    Figure 3: The peak-peak voltage of a waveform is measured by multiplying the


    VOLTS/DIV setting by the peak-peak vertical divisions occupied by the waveform. The
    time period is determined by multiplying the horizontal divisions for one cycle by the
    TIME/DIV setting.

    Refer to figure 3, find the peak-peak voltages for each wave.

    Wave A : Vp-p =(4.6 divisions) x 100 mV = 460 mV


    Wave B : Vp-p = (2 divisions) x 100mV = 200mV

    (b) Period and frequency measurement

    The time period of a sine wave is determined by measuring the time for one cycle in
    horizontal divisions and multiplying by setting of the time/div control

    Period, T = (horizontal divisions / cycle) (time / div)


    Frequency, f =1/T

    4
    (c) Phase difference measurement

    Phase difference, θ = (phase difference in divisions) x (degree/div)

    Example 2
    The phase difference between two waveforms is measured by the method illustrated in figure 4.

    Figure 4

    Each wave has a time period of 8 horizontal divisions, and the time between commencements of
    each cycle is 1.4 div

    one cycle = 8 div = 360o


     1 div= 45o

    Thus, the phase different is

    θ = (1.4)(45o/div)
    = 63o

    5
    Example 3
    Determine the amplitude, frequency and phase difference between two waveform illustrated in
    figure 5.

    TIME/DIV
    TA

    VA VB
    VOLTS/DIV

    TB

    Figure 5
    Solution
    VA peak-peak = (6 vertical div) x (200mV/div) = 1.2 V
    TA = (6 horizontal) x (0.1 ms/div) = 0.6 ms
    fA = 1/T = 1667 Hz

    VB peak-peak = (2.4 vertical div) x (200mV/div) = 480 mV


    TB = 0.6 ms
    fB = 1667 Hz

    one cycle = 6 horizontal div = 360o


     1 div= 60o

    Phase difference, θ = 1 div = 60o

    6
    LISSAJOUS PATTERNS
    (a) Frequency measurement

    If we apply input signal to both horizontal and vertical deflection plates of x-y oscilloscope
    and time base generator is disconnected, it forms a vector pattern that allows us to discern the
    relationship between the two signals. Such diagram are called Lissajous pattern.

    F  number of times tangent t ouch top or bottom


    Y
    F number of times tangent t ouch other side
    x
    number of horizontal tangencie s

    number of vertical tangencie s
    or  number of positive peaks
    number of right hand side peaks

    where FY = frequency of signal applied to Y-plates (vertical)


    FX = frequency of signal applied to X-plates (horizontal)

    Horizontal tangencies

    tangent

    tangent
    Vertical
    tangent

    2:1 3:1 1:3

    Figure 6 Lissajou patterns with different frequency ratios

    7
    Figure 8: Lissajou Pattern

    (b) Phase Angle computation

    Oscilloscope can also be used in the X-Y mode to determine the phase angle between two signals
    of the same frequency.

    8
    Figure 7: Lissajous patterns for selected phase angle

    9
    Y1 Y2

    X1

    X2

    Figure 8: Determination of angle of phase shift

    The phase angle:

    sin   Y1  X 1
    Y X
    2 2
    where:
    θ = phase angle in degrees
    y1= Y-axis intercept
    y2= maximum vertical deflection

    Figure 9

    10
    Example 4
    If the distance y1 is 1.8 cm and y2 is 2.3 cm, what is the phase angle?

    Solution
    sin   y 1
    y2
     1.8

     2.3
     0.783
      51.5o

    11

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