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    The Frequency Domain

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    DJ Amora
    This document discusses signal representations in the time and frequency domains. It explains that the time domain shows how a signal changes over time, while the frequency domain shows the frequencies that make up the signal and their magnitudes. The frequency domain can help visualize attributes like bandwidth. While real-world signals may not be sinusoidal, Fourier theory represents any periodic signal as a sum of sines and cosines at integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, known as a Fourier series. An example shows sketching the frequency domain representation of a sawtooth wave up to the fifth harmonic.

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    The Frequency Domain

    Uploaded by

    DJ Amora
    18 views13 pages
    This document discusses signal representations in the time and frequency domains. It explains that the time domain shows how a signal changes over time, while the frequency domain shows the frequencies that make up the signal and their magnitudes. The frequency domain can help visualize attributes like bandwidth. While real-world signals may not be sinusoidal, Fourier theory represents any periodic signal as a sum of sines and cosines at integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, known as a Fourier series. An example shows sketching the frequency domain representation of a sawtooth wave up to the fifth harmonic.

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    This document discusses signal representations in the time and frequency domains. It explains that the time domain shows how a signal changes over time, while the frequency domain shows the frequencies that make up the signal and their magnitudes. The frequency domain can help visualize attributes like bandwidth. While real-world signals may not be sinusoidal, Fourier theory represents any periodic signal as a sum of sines and cosines at integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, known as a Fourier series. An example shows sketching the frequency domain representation of a sawtooth wave up to the fifth harmonic.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views13 pages

    The Frequency Domain

    Uploaded by

    DJ Amora
    This document discusses signal representations in the time and frequency domains. It explains that the time domain shows how a signal changes over time, while the frequency domain shows the frequencies that make up the signal and their magnitudes. The frequency domain can help visualize attributes like bandwidth. While real-world signals may not be sinusoidal, Fourier theory represents any periodic signal as a sum of sines and cosines at integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, known as a Fourier series. An example shows sketching the frequency domain representation of a sawtooth wave up to the fifth harmonic.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Signal Representations

    Intended Learning Outcome


    Sketch the frequency domain equivalent of a given time domain wave
    using Fourier Series

    [email protected]
    Signal Representations

    1. Time-Domain representation:
    ❏ graph: time vs (voltage or power)
    ❏ oscilloscope displays signals in time-domain

    2. Frequency Domain Representation:


    ❏ graph: frequency vs (voltage or power)
    ❏ spectrum analyzer displays signals in time-
    domain
    Example
    Sketch the given in frequency domain

    Solution:
    amplitude = 2V
    frequency = 440Hz
    Why transform to frequency domain?

    .For communication engineers, the primary interest is what portion of the


    frequency spectrum does the signal occupy and how strong is the signal
    (magnitude);

    Part of the benefit of a frequency domain representation is that certain signal attributes,
    like bandwidth is visualized.

    Bandwidth (BW) is that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum occupied by a signal.


    It
    Important to Note
    Working Example:

    1. phase offset (if present) is not part of the frequency plot,,


    2. a sine or cosine with the same amplitude (positive or negative) and any phase offset
    have the same frequency plot.
    Fourier Theory
    ❏ In the real world, not all information signals are sinusoidal.
    ❏ Information signals can take on an infinite number of shapes, including rectangular waves
    (i.e., digital pulses), triangular waves, sawtooth waves, and other nonsinusoidal forms.
    ❏ Any well-behaved periodic waveform can be represented as a series of sine and/or cosine
    waves at multiples of its fundamental frequency plus (sometimes) a dc offset. This is known
    as a Fourier series.
    Example
    Find the Fourier series for the signal in Figure and sketch its
    frequency domain equivalent to the fifth harmonics

    Solution: The given is sawtooth positive going (slide number 11)

    V = 5; T (period) = 1 ms;
    fo= 1/T = 1kHz
    Some waveforms have no dc components

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