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    Geometry: 1 Congruent Triangles

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    Romario Tambunan
    The document summarizes key concepts in geometry related to congruent and similar triangles. It defines congruent triangles as having the same shape and size, with corresponding sides and angles being equal. Similar triangles have the same shape but proportional sides and equal angles. The document lists tests to determine if triangles are congruent or similar, and provides two example problems demonstrating properties of congruent and similar triangles. It concludes with five additional geometry problems involving properties of triangles.

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    Geometry: 1 Congruent Triangles

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    Romario Tambunan
    55 views2 pages
    The document summarizes key concepts in geometry related to congruent and similar triangles. It defines congruent triangles as having the same shape and size, with corresponding sides and angles being equal. Similar triangles have the same shape but proportional sides and equal angles. The document lists tests to determine if triangles are congruent or similar, and provides two example problems demonstrating properties of congruent and similar triangles. It concludes with five additional geometry problems involving properties of triangles.

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    The document summarizes key concepts in geometry related to congruent and similar triangles. It defines congruent triangles as having the same shape and size, with corresponding sides and angles being equal. Similar triangles have the same shape but proportional sides and equal angles. The document lists tests to determine if triangles are congruent or similar, and provides two example problems demonstrating properties of congruent and similar triangles. It concludes with five additional geometry problems involving properties of triangles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    55 views2 pages

    Geometry: 1 Congruent Triangles

    Uploaded by

    Romario Tambunan
    The document summarizes key concepts in geometry related to congruent and similar triangles. It defines congruent triangles as having the same shape and size, with corresponding sides and angles being equal. Similar triangles have the same shape but proportional sides and equal angles. The document lists tests to determine if triangles are congruent or similar, and provides two example problems demonstrating properties of congruent and similar triangles. It concludes with five additional geometry problems involving properties of triangles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Geometry

    Lim Jeck
    26 Mar 2017

    1 Congruent Triangles
    Two triangles are congruent if they have the same shape and size. We write 4ABC ∼
    = 4DEF when both
    triangles are congruent.

    4ABC ∼ = 4DEF if and only if their corresponding sides and angles are equal, i.e. AB = DE, BC = EF, CA =
    F D and ∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E, ∠C = ∠F .

    Tests for congruency:


    • (SSS) 3 equal pairs of corresponding sides.
    • (SAS) 2 equal pairs of corresponding sides and equal pair of corresponding angles in between.

    • (ASA) 1 equal pair of corresponding sides and 2 equal pair of corresponding angles.
    • (RHS) Both right-angled with equal hypotenuse and an equal pair of corresponding side.

    2 Similar Triangles
    Two triangles are similar if they have the same shape. We write 4ABC ∼ 4DEF when both triangles are
    similar.

    AB
    4ABC ∼ 4DEF if and only if their corresponding sides are proportional and angles are equal, i.e. DE =
    BC CA
    EF = F D and ∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E, ∠C = ∠F .

    Tests for similarity:

    • 2 equal corresponding angles.


    • 2 corresponding sides proportional and equal corresponding angle in between.
    • 3 corresponding sides proportional.

    3 Examples
    Example 1.
    AD AE
    If D, E are points on sides AB, AC of 4ABC, then DE k BC ⇐⇒ DB = EC .

    Proof.

    DE k BC ⇐⇒ ∠ADE = ∠ABC and ∠AED = ∠ACB


    ⇐⇒ 4ADE ∼ 4ABC
    AD AE
    ⇐⇒ =
    AB AC
    AD AE
    ⇐⇒ =
    DB EC

    1
    Example 2. (Angle Bisector Theorem)
    If D is a point on BC such that AD bisects ∠A, then
    AB AC
    =
    BD CD

    Proof. WLOG assume AB ≤ AC. Extend AD to E such that CD = CE, then ∠AEC = ∠EDC = ∠ADB.
    AB AC AC
    Since ∠EAC = ∠DAB, we have 4AEC ∼ 4ADB =⇒ BD = CE = CD .

    4 Problems
    1. (Junior 01) A trapezium ABCD has parallel sides AB and CD. The diagonals AC and BD intersect at
    E. If the areas of 4CDE and 4CDB are 1 and 4 respectively, find the area of the trapezium.

    2. ABC is an acute triangle and AD is its altitude. Given that DB = 4444, DA = 6666, DC = 9999, prove
    that ∠BAC = 90◦ .
    3. (Junior 07) Equilateral triangles ABE and BCF are erected externally on the sides AB and BC of a
    parallelogram ABCD. Prove that 4DEF is equilateral.

    4. (Junior 13) In the triangle ABC, points D, E, F are on the sides BC, CA and AB respectively such that
    F E is parallel to BC and DF is parallel to CA. Let P be the intersection of BE and DF , and Q the
    intersection of F E and AD. Prove that P Q is parallel to AB.
    5. (Junior 16) In the triangle ABC, ∠A = 90◦ , the bisector of ∠B meets the altitude AD at the point E,
    and the bisector of ∠CAD meets the side CD at F . The line through F perpendicular to BC intersects
    AC at G. Prove that B, E, G are collinear.

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