BMoEG-II (2022): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-II

Buratinogigle-Tran Quang Hung and parmenides51-Takis Chronopoulos

November 3, 2022

Preface
BMoEG-II is the continuation of BMoEG-I which has been very successful. I hope BMoEG-II with its
good geometry problems and beautiful solutions will also leave an impression on you.
Rules I wrote in the topic of the same name on the AoPS so I do not repeat. All problems shouldn’t
be discussed anywhere, in public, till the end of the contest. I just want to repeat the timeline

ˆ Mock opening date to start accepting registrations: October 27, 2022 (GMT+7).

ˆ The problem upload date: November 3, 2022 (GMT+7).

ˆ Closing date: 23:59 (GMT+7) 15 November 2022 (we will not accept further answers after this
time).

A little introduction to the logo printed on the pages: It can be considered as my first research on the
Golden Ratio and was published by Forum Geometricorum.
From the very first days when I joined AoPS, I learned about ”beautiful” geometry from the Greek
architect Kostas Vittas, I sincerely thank him. Later my geometry got a lot of help and encouragement
from my Russian friends, especially Professor Zaslavsky, I am grateful to him. I would like to thank
Alexander Skutin from Lomonosov University for contributing to a nice problem. We would also like
to thank AoPS moderators and admins for supporting the contest.

On behalf of Takis, I would like to write the preface

Best regards
Tran Quang Hung
Problems for BMoEG-II (2022): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-II 2

1 Two squares
Problem 1. Let ABCD be a square with center O. Take square XY ZW such that A and B lie on the
sides XW and XY , respectively, Z lies on the side CD. Line CY meets the lines AB and W Z at M and
E, respectively. Line W D meets the lines AB and Y Z at N and F , respectively. Let P be the midpoint
of M N . Let G be the intersection of DE and CF . Prove that XG ∥ OP .

Proposed by Buratino

N A P B M

W O

D C
Z

G
E

Figure 1: Two parallel lines with two squares.

Problems for BMoEG-II (2022): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-II 3

2 Parabolic system of circles in a scalene triangle

Problem 2. Let ω and Ω be the incircle and circumcircle, respectively, of a scalene triangle ABC. Let
ω1 be a circle passing through A, B and tangent to ω; ω2 be a circle passing through A, C and tangent
to ω.

(a) Circle ω3 is internally tangent to ω1 , externally tangent to ω2 and share AB as the external common
tangent with ω.

(b) Circle ω4 is internally tangent to ω2 , externally tangent to ω1 and share AC as the external common
tangent with ω.

(c) Circle ω5 is internally tangent to ω3 and ω4 and is tangent to the arc BAC of Ω.

(d) Circle ω6 is externally tangent to ω3 and ω4 and is tangent to the arc BAC of Ω.

Prove that the circles ω5 and ω6 are tangent, and they are both tangent to Ω.

Proposed by Buratino

ω ω1

ω2

ω4
ω3
ω5

B C

ω6
Ω

Figure 2: Parabolic system of circles in a scalene triangle.

Problems for BMoEG-II (2022): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-II 4

3 Two Miquel points with an isosceles trapezoid

Problem 3. Let ABCD be an isosceles trapezoid (bases AB and CD) inscribed in circle ω centered at
O. Let P and Q be two arbitrary points. Let M1 be the Miquel point of four lines (P A, P B, QA, QB).
Let M2 be the Miquel point of four lines (P C, P D, QC, QD). Let Ω be the circle going through three
points M1 , M2 , and O.

1) Prove that P lies on Ω if and only if P lies on ω, or on the perpendicular bisector of AB.

2) Assume that Ω meet ω at two points X and Y . Prove that the Miquel points of (XP, XQ, Y P, Y Q)
and (XA, Y A, XB, Y B), and of (XC, XD, Y C, Y D) also lie on Ω.

3) Where P coincides with the center of Ω, prove that the reflection of Q in the radical axis of ω and
Ω lies on Ω.

Proposed by Alexander Skutin

M1

A B

P Q
ω

D C
M2

Figure 3: Two Miquel points with square.

Problems for BMoEG-II (2022): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-II 5

4 Equidistant in a quadrilateral
Problem 4. Let ABCD be a quadrilateral with AB = CD. Let P be the intersection of two diagonals
AC and BD. Let K and L be the nine-point circle centers of triangles P AB and P CD, respectively.
Let M and N be the midpoints of AB and AD, respectively. Let Q be the point lying on KL such that
P Q ∥ KL. Let R be the intersection of M N and KL. Prove that QK = RL.

Proposed by Buratino

C
M
B

P
L
K
Q R

A N D

Figure 4: Equidistant in a quadrilateral.

Problems for BMoEG-II (2022): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-II 6

5 Line goes through the nine-point center in a scalene triangle

Problem 5. On the perpendicular bisectors of sides AC, AB of triangle △ABC, we take the pairs of
points B ′ , B ′′ and C ′ , C ′′ , respectively, such that ∠B ′ AC = ∠C ′ AB, AB ′′ ⊥ AB ′ and AC ′′ ⊥ AC ′
(the points B ′ , C ′ , lie outside the triangle ABC). Prove that the line connecting K ≡ BB ′ ∩ CC ′ and
L ≡ BB ′′ ∩ CC ′′ , passes through the nine-point center of △ABC.

Proposed by Kostas Vittas

Figure 5: Line goes through the nine-point center.

Problems for BMoEG-II (2022): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-II 7

6 A coaxial system
Problem 6. A circle ω and a point Z inside it are given. Let AB and CD be two arbitrary chords passing
through Z, X be the common point of AC and BD, Y be a common point of AD and BC. Prove that
all circles with diameters XY are coaxial.

Proposed by Alexey Zaslavsky

A Z

Figure 6: Family circles are coaxial.

Problems for BMoEG-II (2022): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-II 8

7 Golden Ratio
Problem 7. Let ABC be an equilateral triangle. B-mixtilinear incircle touches circumcircle of ABC at
M . C-mixtilinear incircle meets side AB at N (near B). M N meets B-, C-mixtilinear again at S, T ,
ST
respectively. Prove that SN = φ.

Proposed by Buratino

B C

Figure 7: Golden ratio with mixtilinear incircles of an equilateral triangle.

Problems for BMoEG-II (2022): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-II 9

8 On the avatar
Problem 8. Let ABC be an isosceles right (at A) triangle inscribed in circle (O). Construct square
BCN M inwardly triangle ABC. Lines OM and ON meet AB and AC at F and E, respectively. Ray
F E meets (O) at D. Prove that the line connecting the orthocenter and the Lemoine point of triangle
DM N goes through A.

Proposed by Buratino

M N

H
L

E
F D

B C
O

Figure 8: Collinear points on the avatar.

Problems for BMoEG-II (2022): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-II 10

9 Unit square
Problem 9. Show that there does not exist a point on the symmetrical axes of a unit square with rational
distances to all the vertices of the unit squares.

Proposed by Nguyen Xuan Tho

Figure 9: Rational distances in the unit square.

Problems for BMoEG-II (2022): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-II 11

10 Four concyclic points with two circles

Problem 10. Let Ω and ω be two circles with two equal chords AB and CD, respectively. Line AD
meets Ω and ω again at B ′ and C ′ , respectively. Line BC meets Ω and ω again at A′ and D′ , respectively.
Line BB ′ meets lines CC ′ and DD′ at X and Y , respectively. Line AA′ meets lines CC ′ and DD′ at Z
and W , respectively.

1) Prove that X, Y , Z, and W lie on the same circle ℓ.

2) Prove that if two lines AD and BC are parallel or coincide then the insimilicenter and the exsimil-
icenter of Ω and ω lie on ℓ.

Proposed by Buratino

Ω
ℓ

X
C' D

B'
A D'
C
A' B

Figure 10: Four concyclic points with two circles.

Problems for BMoEG-II (2022): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-II 12

11 Geometric inequality in a bicentric polygon

Problem 11. Let A = A1 A2 . . . An be a bicentric polygon. Let ∠An A1 A2 = α1 , ∠A1 A2 A3 = α2 ,. . . ,
∠An−1 An A1 = αn . Let O be the circumcenter of A. Let ∠A1 OA2 = θ1 , ∠A2 OA3 = θ2 ,. . . , ∠An OA1 = θn .
Prove that
α1 α2 αn θ1 θ2 θn
cos + cos + · · · + cos ≥ sin + sin + · · · + sin .
2 2 2 2 2 2

Proposed by Buratino

An

A1

O
An-1

...

A3 A2

Figure 11: Geometric inequality in a bicentric polygon.

Problems for BMoEG-II (2022): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-II 13

12 3D geometry
Problem 12. Let ABCD be a tetrahedron in 3D space. Denote by [Sa ], [Sb ], [Sc ], and [Sd ] the signed
area of the triangles BCD, CDA, DAB, and ABC, respectively. Let P , Q, and R be three arbitrary
points in space. Denote by [Sa′ ], [Sb′ ], [Sc′ ], and [Sd′ ] the signed area of the triangles created by orthogonal
projections of P , Q, R on the planes (BCD), (CDA), (DAB), and (ABC), respectively. Prove that

[Sa ][Sa′ ] + [Sc ][Sc′ ] = [Sb ][Sb′ ] + [Sd ][Sd′ ].

Proposed by Buratino

R Q

P
B

D
C

Figure 12: An identity of signed areas in a tetrahedron.