Making Migration Better ANNUAL REPORT 2018

Making
Migration
Better
ANNUAL REPORT
ICMPD THREE-PRONGED
In a Nutshell APPROACH
MI
CH
GR
KEY FIGURES
AR
AT
SE
IO
RE
N
DI
Y&
AL
LIC
OG
PO
UE
S
257
16 Duty
Staff Members
More than Stations
CAPACITY BUILDING
75 Projects POLICY & RESEARCH MIGRATION DIALOGUES CAPACITY BUILDING

55 Policy development and Support dialogue between Training, capacity
€ 230 Million research, empirical re- Europe and its neighbours, building programmes,
Nationalities search with a comparative, East (Budapest Process, workshops, study visits,
In over Contracted inter-disciplinary and inter-
national approach covering
Prague Process), and
South (Rabat Process and
facilitation of inter-
national and interagency
90 Countries Project numerous migration-
related topics.
Khartoum Process, MTM
Dialogue, EUROMED IV).
cooperation and support
in institution building.
17
Volume
Member States
THEMATIC EXPERTISE
OUTREACH Border Management Asylum and
and Security International Protection
103 Conferences
and 489 Trainings, Irregular Migration Legal / Labour
Meetings and Workshops and Return Migration / Immigration
for 1,206 Days
at 292 Locations Trafficking Social Cohesion
with 27,342 Participants in Human Beings
and 739 Partners and related forms Migration and
of exploitation Development
ICMPD is an international
organisation based in
Vienna and has 17 Member
States: Austria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Making
Croatia, Czechia, Hungary,
Malta, North Macedonia,
Migration
Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Sweden, Switzerland
Better
and Turkey.
Making migration and

mobility of people
orderly, safe and regular, ANNUAL REPORT
including through the 2018
implementation of planned
and well-managed
migration policies.
CONTENTS
ICMPD ANNUAL REPORT
2018
6 Interview with Director General Michael Spindelegger
10 Editorial – Regional and global migration governance
Policy & Research

26 Research Unit
“I could never have imagined that this border would ever vanish”
30 Policy Unit
Asylum, solidarity and responsibility sharing: still out of square
34 MICIC – Building expertise on the protection of migrants in emergencies
36 External and Member States Relations
A growing Member State basis
Migration Dialogues
40 Migration dialogues as an essential part of governing migration
Capacity Building
44 Western Balkans and Turkey
Turkey – a key priority country
50 Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Investing in evidence-based migration governance:
Focusing on youth, media and research
55 Silk Routes
A region in a special focus
59 Mediterranean
Knowledge, evidence and facts
63 Africa
ICMPD in Africa – working in close partnership
69 Border Management and Security Programme
Border Management – the greatest challenge
72 Anti-Trafficking Programme
A field of expertise
76 Global Initiatives
A global driven expertise programme
People Management
82 Our People
WE HAVE TO WORK Migration is
ICMPD Annual Report 2018
Director General
definitely seen
TOGETHER AS MIGRATION as an important
NEEDS ANSWERS topic even
AROUND THE WORLD. as the number of
ICMPD’s Director General Michael Spindelegger people coming
about the shift in projects regarding migration, the
role of true migration partnerships, the importance of to Europe
practical solutions and how ICMPD plans to help the
next European Commission in finding them. has decreased
after the
peak we saw
in 2015.
7
2019 brings elections to the European Par- topic is a true partnership between Eu- Which projects or ideas have worked lated in the EU-Turkey deal. Applying for
liament. The last EU elections were held in rope and Africa, with Germany, for in- out particularly well? European assistance alone requires tre-
the aftermath of the financial crisis and were stance, calling for a “Marshall Plan with mendous effort. This is frustrating to our
dominated by topics relating to it. Will migra- Africa.” We are developing new initiatives Our return project for Austria and member state Turkey.
tion be the decisive topic this time? in all of these fields so that all parties in- Nigeria, for example. We managed to or-
volved can benefit from new solutions. ganise the return of people in a new pro- In 2018, several states refrained from ratify-
Migration is seen as a central topic even ject that combines training in Austria, a ing the United Nations’ Global Compact for
though the number of people coming to What were ICMPD’s top projects in 2018? new job for the returnee at an Austrian Migration. What kind of consequences do you
Europe has decreased since the peak we company in Nigeria and thus, direct in- expect for 2019?
saw in 2015. However, the underlying We have been carrying out projects in vestment for Nigeria. This has changed
reasons of the migration crisis have not border management for years, but 2018 our overall relationship with Nigeria for It is vital that IOM, as the UN institution
been solved. We are in a quieter phase changed the scope for projects in this other projects as well. It proves that true in charge, now approaches those coun-
of a long-term challenge. Given current field. Our new, EU-funded Border Man- partnerships can open doors for solutions tries and finally discusses their reserva-
demographic and other trends, the over- agement Programme for the Maghreb Re- to migration issues. Another example is tions. In the end, it is crucial that we all
all pressure to migrate will increase, not gion (BMP Maghreb) not only involves our Information Centre in Afghanistan, work together, as migration requires glob-
decrease. training on border management in Tunisia which provides potential immigrants with al answers.
and Morocco, but also the procurement realistic information about what to expect
You have been Director General of ICMPD of equipment needed on this long bor- in Europe. What kind of new steps and efforts will
for three years now. What has been significant der. Another new project aims at fighting ICMPD take in 2019?
in 2018? the causes of migration from Nigeria with Which ideas have turned out to be more
training to impart practical skills. Togeth- difficult to implement than expected? We are working on a catalogue of rec-
The focus of ICMPD has shifted. The top- er with our partners, we want to provide ommendations that we will present to
ic of return has become much more vital vocational training to 1,000 people a year In some cases, bureaucracy can make the next European Commission. It will
for states. Furthermore, there is increas- in different occupations. We advocate gen- things more difficult than they need to be. include suggestions based on what our
ing awareness that we need new ideas in uine private sector involvement in this ICMPD will suggest that the next Euro- member states regard as necessary steps
the field of labour migration. Fighting project, which has been hard to achieve in pean Commission reflects on the bureau- and actions on migration policies over the
the root causes of irregular migration has the past. The project was unveiled at the cratic requirements for projects such as next five years. ICMPD comprises very
emerged as another key topic. Another EU-Africa Summit in Vienna in 2018. those covered by the aid the EU as stipu- diverse countries, including the Visegrad
Director General
States, Switzerland, Malta and Turkey end up reverting all too quickly to discus-
(the latter two since 2018). Our organisa- sions about the European asylum process,
tion also facilitates dialogues with Africa which always causes tensions. As ICMPD,
and Asia and our finding of solid compro- we can and must consider the needs of our
mises could be a promising contribution. member states such as Turkey or Portugal
Furthermore, the Netherlands is in the as well as those of Malta or Sweden. This
process of ratifying its ICMPD member- approach will help us to focus on practi-
ship and Germany has also signalled cable solutions, which, in turn, could pave
its interest in becoming a member. This the way to finding solid compromises.
would give us even more weight in the de-
bate about finding effective ways of man- Would it help if Europe would finally accept
aging migration in Europe. that it is a continent of immigration?
Reaching compromises on migration issues That is simply a fact and we must find
has proven to be a tough task recently. Why solutions for coping with it. Legal migra-
do you believe that ICMPD member states can tion will be an important topic in the fu-
agree to a joint catalogue? ture. European countries will need legal
migration to address their shrinking la- Legal migration will be
an important topic in
As the list of member states goes beyond bour forces. This need could lay the foun-
EU states, we can look at and discuss oth- dation for true migration partnerships
er issues. EU member states very often with third countries.
the future. European
countries will need
legal migration to
9
address their shrinking
labour forces. This
need could lay the
foundation for true
migration partnerships
with third countries.
Michael Spindelegger, 59, joined ICMPD as

Director General at the beginning of 2016. During
his political career, he served as Austria’s
Vice Chancellor and was Minister for Foreign
Affairs and leader of the Austrian People’s
Party (ÖVP). Mr. Spindelegger studied law, is
married, and has two children.
REGIONAL AND GLOBAL
Editorial
MIGRATION GOVERNANCE
Lukas Gehrke, Martijn Pluim
2018 was meant to mark a major achieve- crisis in the region started to have its im- of leaders to effectively regulate and, to On 19 December 2018, the UN General
ment and way station towards the cre- pact on the political discourse, especially some extent, control international migra- Assembly endorsed the Global Compact
ation of a global policy framework for in the US and in Europe but also in other tion were not met with sufficient informa- for Migration with a rather significant
migration. With the adoption at the Unit- regions. Public and political debates be- tion about the aims and objectives of the majority: 152 votes in favour and five
ed Nations level of two Global Compacts— came increasingly polarised in a number Global Compact. More so, the fact that against the agreement, 12 abstentions
one on Refugees and another one for of countries. Anti-immigrant and anti-mi- 11 both Global Compacts would not produce 24 States absent. Still, one out of five
Migration—a two-year process of intense gration positions competed with more (additional) legal obligations on States UN Member States did not support the
global negotiations on the respective liberal views on how to best frame global to accept more migrants or refugees was first-ever global framework agreement on
global frameworks was coming to an end. migration. Early signs of fundamental dis- neither sufficiently nor proactively com- migration.
The agenda for the processes leading to agreement emerged when the US admin- municated to the public. Under these cir- At the European level, where one-third
the two Global Compacts was set down in istration announced its withdrawal from cumstances, the public debate in many of the EU Member States did not join the
the 2016 New York Declaration for Refu- the negotiation process. While there were countries, especially in Europe, became Global Compact for Migration, the situa-
gees and Migrants. Back then, because of some signs of a growing polarisation also fairly uninformed, heated and divisive. tion is more complicated, reminding that
an unfolding refugee and migration crisis at the level of the UN General Assembly, The broad range of political, legal and the division and disagreement over migra-
in the Middle East and in Europe and the negotiations progressed steadily, even if policy arguments caught the public rath- tion policy objectives on the regional level
apparent inability of individual govern- not uncontested or unchallenged in some er unprepared, clouded the discussions go deeper. Against this background, the
ments to agree on how to respond to it, core respects. When the negotiation pro- and created pressures for decision mak- contribution of the Global Compact on
the international community was consen- cess was completed in July 2018, only few ers. Moreover, it obscured and obstruct- Migration towards better policy outcomes
sual in entrusting the UN with the fulfil- would have anticipated the public and po- ed a more nuanced technical assessment in the short-run will be difficult to assess.
ment of decades-old visions of a global litical reaction in several countries. The of the negotiation processes, its resulting In a longer-term perspective, it will be
migration regime.1 Over the course of the growing unease and concerns of certain compromises, and the strengths and weak- decisive how the Global Compact will be
subsequent two years, however, some- parts of societies, especially in receiving nesses of the policy proposals with regard able to deliver on its objectives to create
thing changed. The ongoing migration countries and regions, about the ability to real life challenges. As a global frame- “safe, orderly and regular migration” and
work for international migration has never on how the UN structures will define and
been negotiated at the UN level before, a arrange their relations with the countries
more robust plan for the negotiations and that did not endorse it. This will require
the adoption of the Compacts could have continuous engagement and dialogue.
1 ICMPD’s first Director General, Jonas Widgren, said in 1989: “It is obvious that the existing interna- proved more supportive of a global-level
tional system is not adapted to deal with all the problems involved in modern mass migration and its causes.
migration governance framework, at least REGIONAL DIALOGUES
A number of intergovernmental agencies are involved in various aspects of international migration […].
from a European perspective. More spe-
However, what is lacking is a joint conceptual framework. The world has changed, and so has the pattern of
human migration. What is needed more than ever is an effective intergovernmental machinery to deal with cifically, the stress levels of concerned so- In times like ours, multi-lateral Dialogues
all the new challenges of the future.” Widgren, J., 1989, «Europe and International Migration in the cieties and communities and the political on any topic, and especially on migra-
Future. The Necessity for Merging Migration, Refugee, and Development Policies», in Loescher, G., playing field could have been taken into tion, which has the potential to create
Monahan, L. (eds.), Refugees and International Relations, New York, Oxford University Press, p.59-60. consideration during the negotiations. strong tensions not only within a society
Together with concrete projects,
Editorial
bilateral initiatives and formal
negotiations, structured but
informal dialogues have become
essential elements of international
cooperation on migration,
especially between different geogra-
phical regions connected by the
movement of people.
but also and especially among the States laration were preparing the grounds for a Migration, the deadlock over central as- bate is dominated primarily by irregular
concerned, are a sign of strength. As long global system that started regionally. pects of the migration policy framework migration and asylum. Consequently, in-
as States find the willingness and the At the same time, the preparation for, was not dissolved, and positions remained dicators relating to these two aspects de-
strength to share their ideas, their visions and adoption of, the Global Compact also entrenched. As a result, the EU and its serve special examination. In the course
but also their disagreements and seem- affected the regional dialogues. Both the Member States remain vulnerable to and of 2018, the situation regarding irregu-
ingly opposing objectives or opinions, they Rabat and Budapest Processes prepared 13 are most likely still unprepared for anoth- lar arrivals and asylum applications has
can try to find understandings on a way and/or held ministerial level meetings in er refugee and migration crisis. Collec- eased up gradually. This has been recog-
to move forward both at strategic and 2018. Whilst all participating States main- tive efforts aimed at reducing irregular nised in the political as well as in the pub-
operational level. As one of the essential tained their strong interest in continuing migration flows in the neighbourhood lic debate. Reference is often made to a
tools for improving migration governance, their participation in the dialogues, the have resulted in reduced numbers of new substantial reduction in irregular arrivals
dialogues build networks, insights and Global Compact led to intense debates, or arrivals. This has led some to conclude to the EU. It reached its lowest level since
trust. These essential ingredients for suc- indeed to abstentions regarding the adop- that the migration crisis was finally over. five years. Although this viewpoint is not
cessful operational cooperation develop tion of ministerial declarations. Whilst it is important to de-escalate the incorrect, it requires a closer analysis. A
as a result of getting to know and listen- Together with concrete projects, bi- rhetoric, the consequences of the crisis of total of 150,000 illegal border crossings
ing to each other. lateral initiatives and formal negotiations, 2015-2016 will continue to be felt. Chal- were registered in 2018. This number in
One place where dialogue among all structured but informal dialogues have lenges regarding both integration and fact represented a pre-crisis level of 2013
States continues notwithstanding their become essential elements of internation- return/reintegration remain significant, and amounted to only about one-twelfth
position regarding the Global Compact al cooperation on migration, especially secondary movements within the EU are of the figure recorded for 2015 (1.82 mil-
is within the various regional fora estab- between different geographical regions on the rise, and the situation on the Greek lion). The main routes shifted last year
lished to discuss migration at regional connected by the movement of people. islands are below acceptable European from the Libya – Italy route in the central
and interregional levels. As secretariat, How does the situation look in these standards. Moreover, many of the underly- Mediterranean (a reduction of 80% com-
ICMPD supports a number of these mi- regions? Below, light will be shed on the ing reasons and dynamics that shaped the pared to 2017) to the Morocco – Spain
gration dialogues, namely the Prague, the 2018 developments in both Europe and crisis remain largely unaltered. Forecasts route in the western Mediterranean (an
Khartoum, the Rabat and the Budapest Africa. and longer-term scenarios, furthermore, increase of 100% compared to 2017). How-
Processes.2 These regional dialogues also underline the urgency for action on all lev- ever, the figures for asylum applications
played an important role in the prepara- DEVELOPMENTS IN EUROPE els to address effectively the drivers and suggest that the Mediterranean routes
tion for the Global Compact. Many of the IN 2018 3 causes of irregular migration and forced may not be the only way of getting to Eu-
proposed global actions were already part displacement as well as the adoption of rope. The number of asylum applications
of political declarations adopted at the At the European level, in addition to the functioning migration policy frameworks. fell again in 2018 but not as sharply as
regional level. As such, the political dec- disagreement on the Global Compact on At the end of 2018, the EU remains ill pre- the number of identified irregular border
pared for the challenges to come. crossings, suggesting not only that oth-
2 See the respective chapters below for more information. Even though most migrants arrive in er routes still exist, but that individual
3 Based upon: “ICMPD Migration Outlook. 2019 Origins, key events and priorities for Europe.” Europe through labour and family-relat- asylum seekers submit multiple applica-
icmpd.org/fileadmin/1_2018/THB/Migration_Outlook_2019_final.pdf ed processes, the European migration de- tions and finally, that irregular arrival is
EU Asylum Applications 2018
Editorial
COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN
DESTINATIONS
SYRIA 14%
AFGHANISTAN 7%
IRAQ 7%
PAKISTAN 4%
NIGERIA 4% GERMANY 31%
IRAN 4% FRANCE 17%
TURKEY 4% GREECE 10%
ALBANIA 3% ITALY 9%
ERITREA 3% SPAIN 8%
RUSSIA 2% OTHERS 25% Under the impression of the de-facto col- All these reform proposals – from distri-
SOMALIA 2% lapse of the Dublin-based system in 2015 bution quotas to asylum procedures out-
OTHERS 46% SOURCE: EUROSTAT and under the headings of solidarity and side the EU – basically have one common
responsibility-sharing, this system was objective, namely to decouple an appli-
to be reformed to provide a fair and also cant’s asylum procedure from access to
not the only channel to enter asylum sys- 2018 REFORMS OF EU MIGRATION 15 mandatory distribution, key for asylum EU territory or to the territory of a cer-
tems. Some 640,000 asylum requests were AND REFUGEE POLICY applicants. The approach entailing man- tain Member State. In other words, the
registered in EU Member States in 2018. datory quotas was never capable of gain- objective is to delink the granting of a
This is about 11% fewer applications than The reform of the internal dimension ing a majority and 2018 gave final proof protection status from immigration into
in 2017 (712,000) and about 51% lower made some—but still too limited—proof that fact. The Bulgarian presiden- a specific country or to the EU at large.
than in 2015 (1.3 million). The figure for gress in 2018 in several areas, such as the cy still tried a last attempt at rescuing This specific link between immigration
2018 would nonetheless be the fifth high- strengthening of the mandate and insti- the Dublin Reform by devising a num- and protection in the EU is characteris-
est in the past 25 years. tutional capacities of Frontex and EASO, ber of compromise proposals that would tic of the present system and is a deter-
The nations topping the list for most the new version of the Eurodac Regula- have softened the obligations regard- mining factor of irregular migration to
applications in 2018 were Syria, Afghan- tion, the Asylum Procedures Directive, ing a mandatory distribution key. This the EU. Better organising international
istan, Iraq, Pakistan, Nigeria, Iran, Tur- the Qualification Directive and the Recep- attempt, ultimately, bore no fruit either. protection in the EU context, which is de-
key, Albania, Eritrea, Russia and Somalia. tion Conditions Directive. The Dublin Reform came to a stand- fined by freedom of movement between
These figures underline that asylum mi- In some respect, 2018 also brought still and is not expected to gain steam its Member States is a legitimate, yet
gration is to a considerable extend con- clarity on how extensive the reform of quickly in 2019. complex, endeavour. It will be decisive
flict-induced in the European context. the Common European Asylum System Implementing other new instruments in reforming the European migration
This means, in turn, that developments in (CEAS) would be, namely a central ele- of EU migration policy prominently dis- and asylum system into a responsive and
global conflicts will fundamentally shape ment of internal EU refugee and migration cussed in 2018 also proved difficult. The rules-based migration governance system.
what happens in the asylum sector in the policy. The most controversial point in creation of Regional Disembarkation Plat-
future, too. this regard was, and remains, the reform of forms in North Africa was met with ob- DEVELOPMENTS IN AFRICA
As in the past, the asylum applications the Dublin II Regulation. It sets down the jections by EU neighbouring States. The
were concentrated in a handful of host criteria for determining the responsibili- idea of Controlled Centres within the EU The images the media often produce sug-
countries within the EU. In 2018, about ty for processing an asylum application. aimed at facilitating the initial examina- gest that African migration is huge. Com-
75% of all asylum applications were sub- The first-country principle in the Regula- tion of applications, and distribution with- pared to many other regions in the world,
mitted in just five EU Member States: tion puts more or less the entire burden of in the EU experienced a similar fate. By this is however misleading. When looking
Germany (31.2%), France (17.5%), Greece all EU asylum procedures on the Member contrast, there was a clear commitment to at persons who have left their home coun-
(9.8%), Italy (8.5%) and Spain (7.9%). This States along the external borders, while increase the capacities and competencies try from a continental perspective, about
clustering with changing countries of in reality, over 50% of the asylum applica- of the European Coast and Border Guard 9% of Europeans, 6% of Latin Ameri-
destination has been observed time and tions are submitted in EU Member States Agency (Frontex), although again, no final cans but only 3% of Africans and 2.4% of
again in the past as well. without an external border. decisions were yet taken. Asians live outside their home country.
Among the ten fastest growing African migration is likely
Editorial
economies in the world, there are to increase in the future, but will
no less than seven African largely occur in the region.
countries. Therefore, we can ex-
pect a growth in African migration
resulting from significant
economic development.
In total, there are roughly 36 million lower birth rates but also better educa- Based upon a 2016 review of the exist- sector partners from Europe and Africa
African emigrants. About 53% of them tion and more financial means for people ing 2006 AU Migration Policy Framework to pilot new initiatives.
have migrated to another African coun- to move abroad. All evidence up to now for Africa (MPFA) a new document was
try; 26% (or 9.4 million) to Europe, and points towards the “high-development” adopted in 2018: the “Migration Policy THE NEED FOR STRONG
another 21% to Asia, North America scenario. Among the ten fastest growing Framework for Africa and Plan of Action COOPERATION AND MATURE
or Australia. economies in the world, there are no less 17 (2018 – 2030)”. The document takes into PARTNERSHIPS
More than poverty, development com- than seven African countries. Therefore, account AU priorities, policies, Agenda
bined with economic inequality drive mi- we can expect a growth in African migra- 2063, the Sustainable Development Goals Addressing the challenges of irregular
gration. Development provides people tion resulting from significant economic (SDGs) and international migration man- migration will need close international
with the education, skills, financial means development. Most of these migrants will agement policies and standards. Taking partnerships. It requires a combination
and information to go to a place where move within Africa and utilise new oppor- a truly comprehensive approach, it fo- of strong regulations as well as open-
the situation is better than at home. This tunities on the continent. Of course, an cusses on Migration Governance, Labour ings for labour migration based on close
is exactly the situation when it comes to increasing number of Africans will also Migration and Education, Diaspora En- political cooperation between countries,
African migration. Many African countries try to move to Europe, but a mass exodus gagement, Border Governance, Irregular also with regard to return and reintegra-
show strong economic development and is not to be expected, rather gradually in- Migration, Forced Displacement, Internal tion of persons. Intelligent and humane
this trend will continue. However, the av- creasing numbers. Migration, and Migration and Trade. return and reintegration policies and
erage GDP per capita in Europe is about It is for these and other reasons that For Africa’s Global and European practices are needed which can create
10 times higher than in many African African States, Regional Economic Com- partners, the developments in Africa cre- triple win situations for sending and re-
countries, a disparity that is not expected munities and the African Union Commis- ate huge opportunities for cooperation. ceiving States and for migrants who have
to change for some time. At the same time, sion (AUC) all placed migration high on Sharing the positive experiences in es- to return. As an implementing partner,
demography will remain an important the agenda since several years. Not only tablishing the Schengen area or support- ICMPD supports the Netherlands since
driver for African migration. There are dif- because of the need for cooperation on ing the inclusion of common features in June 2018 within the European Return
ferent scenarios which are closely linked migration between Africa and the rest of African passports is one area. Another and Reintegration Network to devise
to economic development. The “low-eco- the world, but especially because of the area for cooperation can surely be found such solutions.
nomic-development” scenario speaks relevance of the topic for the development in developing skills and opportunities Looking ahead, migration govern-
about 2.5 billion Africans for the year of the continent as a whole. The impor- for African entrepreneurs and workers, ance at global, regional and national level
2050, a doubling of the current population, tance of promoting freedom of movement ensuring that these skills can contrib- will remain a challenge. The internation-
and a doubling of the annual African emi- and improved mobility was recognised by ute to both foreign and domestic labour al community of States, organisations and
gration rate from 1.4 million to 2.8 million. the adoption of the Freedom of Movement markets. To make this work, a much academics actually have many of the in-
The “high-economic-development” scenar- Protocol. In addition, thanks especially to stronger involvement of the private sec- sights to manage migration much better.
io estimates a lower African population of the efforts and initiatives of the African tor is needed in terms of investment and All opportunities for closer and more con-
1.8 billion for the year 2050, but a tripling Union. The continent has one of the most in terms of know-how on training and structive cooperation should be seized, to
of the annual African emigration rate to comprehensive policy frameworks and professional education. ICMPD is work- work in a spirit of partnership, of respect
3.5 million. Higher development means action plans. ing with a number of private and public and trust.
EU EXTERNAL BORDERS EU Border Apprehensions and Asylum Applications

2008 – 2018
1993–2018
Border Asylum
Apprehensions Applications
152,000 226,000 2008
EU enlargement has more than doubled the length

of the EU’s external land borders. Together with the
vast EU coastline, the challenges for managing the 105,000 266,000 2009
external borders have increased as well.
104,000 261,000 2010
141,000 310,000 2011
72,000 336,000 2012
Source: Klára Czimre, Development of cross-border regions. Changes in the number and length of borders in the European Union
19 107,000 432,000 2013
283,000 628,000 2014
Source: Frontex, detections of illegal border-crossings (rounded) ; Eurostat, asylum

1,822,000 1,323,000 2015
and first time asylum applicants by citizenship, age and sex (rounded)
511,000 1,261,000 2016
Length of EU’s External Land Borders Detections of Illegal Border Crossings

at the EU’s External Borders 205,000 713,000 2017
1993 5,234 km 60,000 1993
150,000 639,000 2018

2018 13,180 km 205,000 2018
Current Length of the EU Coastline: 65,993 km 50,000 = Border Apprehensions Asylum Applications
Major Host Countries of Refugees

Turkey 3,480,000
Pakistan 1,393,000
Uganda 1,350,000
Lebanon 998,000
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 979,000
Germany 970,000
Bangladesh 932,000
Sudan 906,599
Ethiopia 889,000
Jordan 691,000 100,000 =
Source: UNHCR Global Trends 2017
Accessions of ICMPD Member States
Projects
1993 1995 1998 2001 2002
Austria Hungary Slovenia Czech Republic Sweden

(Czechia)
21
2018
Switzerland
This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSC 1244.
2003 2004 2006 2011 2012
Poland Croatia Slovakia Romania Bosnia and

Herzegovina
Bulgaria Portugal
2014 2015 2018
Serbia North Malta

Macedonia
Turkey
Policy,
Research
and
Strategy
A Study on Refugee Protection and
Eastern
Development
Youth work in the context of integra-
Europe &
tion of young refugees and migrants
in Austria (YRMA)
23
Central
Evaluation of the Common European
Asylum System under Pressure and
Recommendations for Further Devel-
opment (CEASEVAL)
Asia (EECA)
Migrants in Countries in Crisis
Africa
Migration. Communication. Education. (MICIC)
(MIKS)
Impact of refugee flows on territorial
Mapping specific incentives for coun- development in Europe (MigrARE)
tries of origin to facilitate cooperation
on return (MAPIN) Migrationskommunikation (MIKO) Border Management Programme in
Support to Africa-EU Migration and Central Asia – Phase 9 (BOMCA 9)
Processes of labour market integra- Perspectives and future prospects of Mobility Dialogue (MMD)
tion of refugees and beneficiaries young, unaccompanied refugees and Prague Process: Dialogue, Analyses
of subsidiary protection in Austria beneficiaries of subsidiary protection. Support to Free Movement of and Training in Action (PP DATA)
(FIMAS+INTEGRATION 2) Implications for integration policy Persons and Migration in West Africa
(PERSPEKT) (FMM West Africa) Eastern Partnership (EaP) – Integrat-
Sharing of Medical Country of Origin ed Border Management – Capacity
Information, further cooperation with Complementary Pathways for Adult SUPREM: Supporting Sustain- Building Project
collecting new Med COI, extra train- Refugees: the Role of VET, Skills and able Return of Migrants through
ing for national authorities officials Qualifications (REF-VET) Private-Public Multi-Stakeholder Sustaining Migration Management in
aimed on the collection and usage of Partnership Georgia (ENIGMMA 2)
MED COI (MED COI IV – Phase 2) Role of European Mobility and its
Impacts in Narratives, Debates and Rabat Process (Euro-African Support to Implementation of the
Support for the completion and EU Reforms (REMINDER) Dialogue on Migration and Mobility Partnership with Azerbaijan
implementation of the Monitoring and Development) (MOBILAZE)
Evaluation System for the North of Technical support on the implemen-
Africa Window of the EU Emergency tation of the labour migration strategy Khartoum Process (EU-Horn Support to Migration and Border
Trust Fund for Africa (MENOA) in Poland of Africa Migration Route Initiative) Management in Armenia (MIBMA)
Mediter-
ranean
Global/ Enhanced Capability for Integrated

Border Management in Lebanon
Inter-
(IBM Lebanon Phase 2)
Dutch Support: Developing National

Capability for Integrated Border Man-
regional
agement in Lebanon (IBM Lebanon
Phase 2-NL)
Western
Swiss Support: Developing National
Capability for Integrated Border Man-
agement in Lebanon
Balkans &
Trafficking Along Migration Routes
(TRAM): Identification and Integration EUROMED Migration IV (EMM4)
of Victims of Trafficking among Vul- 25
Turkey
nerable Groups and Unaccompanied Mediterranean City-to-City Migration
Children (MC2CM) Phase 2
Swiss-Bulgarian Cooperation on Support Programme to the

Identification and Long-Term Assis- Government of Tunisia in the area
tance of Children and Adult Victims of Integrated Border Management
Silk
of Trafficking in Human Beings (BG/ (IBM Tunisia)
NATCOM) Support the Implementation of Devel-
Support Programme to the Gov- opment-sensitive Migration Policies in
Routes
Forced Return Monitoring II (FReM II) ernment of Tunisia in the area of Turkey (SIDEM)
Integrated Border Management –
Forced Return Monitoring III Phase 2 (IBM Tunisia 2) Strengthening the Operational and
(FReM III) Strategic Capacity of the Directorate
Operationalization of the implemen- General of Migration Management in
ATENÇÃO Brasil: Enhancing the tation of Tunisia’s National Migration Turkey (DGMM III)
Capacity of the Brazilian Government Strategy (ProGres Migration) Budapest Process 2018
to Tackle Trafficking in Persons law Supporting the Asylum Decision
Support to a rights-based Migration Support to the Silk Routes Partner- Making Capacity of Turkey’s DGMM –
MIgration EU eXpertise (MIEUX III) Management and Asylum System ship for Migration under the Budapest ASCAP II
in Libya Process (Silk Routes III)
Mobility Partnership Facility (MPF) Short-term Technical Assistance
Support to the Mobility Partnership EU-India Cooperation and Dialogue on Asylum, Migration and Mobility –
European Return and Reintegration (MP) between the European Union on Migration and Mobility (EU-India Western Balkans (StAMM)
Network (ERRIN) (EU) and the Hashemite Kingdom CDMM)
of Jordan (JEMPAS) Link up! Serbia II
Study on Trafficking Resilience and Excellence, Knowledge and Rule of
Vulnerability en route to Europe Border Management Programme for Law, Addressing Organised Immigra- Strengthening Migration Management
(STRIVE) the Maghreb Region (BMP Maghreb) tion Crime in Pakistan (EXCEL) Authorities in Kosovo (MIMAK II)
27
Unit
Research
”I COULD NEVER HAVE The EU and Schengen Mobility Landscape
Policy & Research

IMAGINED THAT
THIS BORDER WOULD
EVER VANISH“
ICMPD’s research provides insight into the impact
of intra-European mobility on affected regions and
delves into narratives and (mis)perceptions by people
on the move towards Europe.
UNDERSTANDING
MIGRANTS’
NARRATIVES AND
(MIS)PERCEPTIONS
OF EUROPE
Narratives and imagina-
tions about an expect-
ed future have always 29
shaped human migra-
tion. The “PERCEP-
TIONS” project seeks to
identify and understand
perceptions of the EU The Brexit debate come a daily practice for many inhabitants of
abroad that may lead to made clear that in- the former Iron Curtain border zones. Where
dissatisfaction. Victim
tra-EU mobility of border regions have truly integrated, mobility
vulnerabilities to crime
or radicalisation oc-
workers and oth- goes beyond regular trips from the place of
cur when expectations ers deserves much residence to the place of work but includes EU MEMBER STATES
turn out to be misper- more attention than residential mobility, such as Slovaks living in NON-SCHENGEN EU MEMBER STATES
ceptions. Particular fo- it has been given. Austria and commuting to Slovakia for work, OBLIGED TO JOIN THE SCHENGEN AREA
cus will be given to the
Since its early days, or educational mobility, such as Hungari- NON-EU MEMBERS OF THE SCHENGEN AREA
Mediterranean region
and to the role of new
the free movement an families sending their children to bilingual OFFICIAL EU ACCESSION CANDIDATES
communication tech- of labour has been schools in Austria. Still, while there are strong POTENTIAL CANDIDATES TO EU ACCESSION
nologies. The project a cornerstone of the economic and other incentives to migrate
will develop a frame- European Union pol- from East to West, there is little economic
work model to counter-
icy agenda. The en- push towards the opposite direction.
act such perceptions by
policy makers, practi-
largement of the EU A specific case of cross-border commut-
tioners and civil society has led to the trans- ing concerns care work. As Europe ages, Dynamics and challenges of intra-EU mobili- abroad results in skills wasted upon return.
organisations. formation of a former demand for care work increases and shows ty are illustrated in the case of Poland, which In view of demographic aging, emerging skills
hard border into an imbalanced effects on old and new mem- has become one of the main source countries gaps in European labour markets and per-
open border crossing zone since 2004. Fo- ber states. Care work is made possible by for intra-European labour migration. Though sistent wage differentials between EU mem-
cusing on Austria, Hungary, Poland, Romania Eastern European women and has become a sizeable portion of workers abroad moved ber states, a general and intensifying trend
and Slovakia, ICMPD illustrates the diversi- indispensable for care systems in Western to Poland, the vast majority of migrants prac- in intra-EU labour migration can be expected
ty of the kinds of mobility that have devel- Europe. This, however, creates a “care defi- tice circular migration rather than returning that will pose additional challenges for labour
oped between “old” and “new” EU member cit” in the care systems of the sending coun- permanently. Despite greater economic activ- market and employment policies as well as
states. Freedom of movement has produced tries, which affects children’s education and ity, the unemployment rate is higher for those social policies, welfare and public finances
a labour market that extends across nation- care for dependant family members most who return than for those who never left, and within the European Union. ICMPD will con-
al borders. Cross-border mobility has be- particularly. over-qualification of citizens with experience tinue to monitor the respective developments.
31
Unit
Policy
ASYLUM, SOLIDARITY Asylum Decisions
Policy & Research

AND RESPONSIBILITY
SHARING: STILL
OUT OF SQUARE 2008 — 2014 2015 — 2017
Discussions around intra-EU as well as international

solidarity continue to shape public debate – a rever-
beration of the 2015 large-scale arrivals, labelled by
some as a “refugee crisis,” by others as a “solidarity
crisis.” In 2018, ICMPD focused on the challenges
and opportunities of harmonization and solidarity
as essential tools to move from crisis management to GERMANY REST OF THE EU
future governance.
On the one hand, despite falling numbers of While labour market mobility for refugees
arrivals in the EU, solidarity and responsibility as complementary pathways to protection
sharing have dominated the negotiations on, is still in its infancy, there is a broad variety
and been a major obstacle to, an agreement of regional cooperation frameworks foster- 33 Quarterly Asylum Decisions in the EU
on reforming the Common European Asylum ing work-related mobility around the globe.
System in 2018. On the other hand, ever in- ICMPD contributed to this discussion at the
creasing displacement numbers at the global 11th GFMD Summit and in side events to the
350,000
level led to a much needed discussion on sol- UN Intergovernmental Conference to Adopt
idarity in the global context culminating in the the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and 300,000
adoption of the Global Compact on Refugees Regular Migration in Marrakech in December,
in December 2018. as well as at ICMPD’s Vienna Migration Con- 250,000
In several working papers, infographics, ference in October 2018.
blogs and policy events, ICMPD’s Policy Unit 200,000
analysed the discussion around solidarity and SELECTED READINGS

the pitfalls of flexible arrangements of such 150,000
an essential concept, so intrinsically linked to ▪ Expert Voice: What remains “common”

100,000
core European values. Solidarity is, in many in the “European Asylum System” if
ways, practised by EU member states, but Dublin fails? 50,000
lacks a common purpose in the EU’s asy- ▪ Expert Voice: Negotiating the Common
lum system. ICMPD illustrated how far away European Asylum System’s third gener- 0
the current system is from a fair sharing of ation — stubborn on vision, flexible on 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
responsibilities, and discussed the challeng- details...
es of measuring different efforts as part of a ▪ Expert Voice: Making the case for region-
more flexible or comprehensive understand- al cooperation on migration and mobility GERMANY REST OF THE EU
ing of solidarity instead of the contested “fair” ▪ Infographic on Harmonisation Tools
distribution of asylum applicants. ▪ Infographic on Responsibility Sharing
▪ Working Paper on Sharing Responsibil-
REGIONAL MOBILITY AND ities in the Common European Asylum
LABOUR MIGRATION System Times of high influx exacerbate existing inequalities in the distribution of asylum applicants
▪ Working Paper on Solidarity – an integral among European countries. In the pre-crisis years, Germany was responsible for less than
Another strand of ICMPD’s policy work in and basic concept of the Common Euro- 20 percent of the asylum decisions taken in the EU. From 2015 to 2017, Germany issued
2018 centred on regional mobility patterns. pean Asylum System? more than half of all asylum decisions in the EU.
BUILDING EXPERTISE ON
Policy & Research

THE PROTECTION OF
Protecting Migrant Children
in Emergencies
MIGRANTS IN EMERGENCIES
The effects of conflicts or natural disasters spare no country.
Every year, millions of migrants are disproportionally affected
by such tragedies. The EU-funded project “Migrants in Coun- Diaspora Engagement for the
tries in Crisis” (MICIC) builds the capacities of countries and

Protection of Migrants
relevant stakeholders to better serve and protect migrants

facing distress and humanitarian crisis. 34 ACTIVITIES
11 COUNTRIES
Future consular staff

“had an excellent op-
portunity before going
abroad to learn more
about the contingency Multi-Stakeholder Crisis
Coordination
planning and existing
practice of crisis man-
agement from the repre-
sentatives of the foreign In 2018, the valid- al diplomatic academies. The programme
embassies in Ukraine.” ity of the results of in Georgia culminated with the delivery of
Oleksandr Kyrychenko –
MICIC compara- practical courses to acting consular staff,
Head of the Profession-
al Development Centre,
tive research was led by the newly trained trainers.
Diplomatic Academy of enhanced through Policy guidelines were also developed to 35
Ukraine publications and a institutionalise such training programmes,
series of promotional thus ensuring the improvement of capaci-
events. Major highlights included thematic ca- ties over time.
pacity building and technical support, which ▪ Training of key responders on migrant
translated the MICIC Guidelines into practical children in emergencies, both at the na- Consular Crisis
action in Africa, the Middle East, Central Eu- tional and local level, in West Africa. In Management
rope and Asia. Burkina Faso, the programme developed

a national action plan to enhance the pro-
ADVOCATING AND RAISING AWARENESS tection of migrant children during crisis.
▪ Creation of multi-stakeholder crisis co- In order to guarantee their relevance and
All year round, ICMPD maintained a strong ordination platforms in Côte d’Ivoire and sustainability, all these capacity building inter-
focus on raising awareness of the protection Ghana, supported by toolkits including ventions are: 1) continuously tailored to the
needs of migrants in emergencies through terms of reference and action plans. The needs of the partner countries; 2) supported
targeted promotional activities, including at valuable partnership and dialogue fos- by peer learning and local expertise;
the Vienna Migration Conference, as well as tered through such platforms will guaran- 3) characterised by the strong element of
the dissemination of findings of the research tee the commitment of national authorities country ownership.
on the socio-economic impact of crisis on to maintaining these innovative coordina-
migrants. tion mechanisms. DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE,
▪ Kick-off of a new training initiative in ATTITUDE AND CAPACITY TO
ADVANCING CAPACITIES Sierra Leone and Bangladesh to enhance RESPOND TO MIGRANT NEEDS
diaspora engagement for the protection
The MICIC project implementation of 2018 of fellow nationals abroad, in the country During its final year of implementation, in
was marked by 34 capacity building activities of destination experiencing an emergen- 2019, the MICIC project will further build
with milestones involving: cy, and in the home country upon return. capacities at the regional, national and
Technical assistance under this initiative local levels on the protection of migrant
▪ Training of trainers on consular crisis will deliver policy recommendations for children in emergencies, diaspora-gov-
management in Jordan, Georgia and improved diaspora-government coopera- ernment cooperation and consular crisis
Ukraine in collaboration with the nation- tion in crisis response. management.
37
States
Member
Relations
A GROWING MEMBER A PROGRAMME
Policy & Research

STATE BASE EXCLUSIVELY FOR
For the last 25 years, ICMPD has been involved in
forming migration policies in Europe and beyond and ICMPD MEMBER
STATES
has built up significant networks, profound migration
expertise, the capacity to innovate and form strategic
partnerships – making it a main migration partner
for its Member States, partner countries, relevant Through a programme building on the key results
organisations and other stakeholders. from priority regions, research and policy develop-
ment, Member States get access to the knowledge,
experience, networks and ideas of ICMPD.
FROM REGIONAL
TO GLOBAL
ICMPD works with a
regional perspective to
create efficient coop- 2018 was a year of ▪ Substantial networks among migra- MEMBER STATES PROGRAMME
eration and partner- growing dynamics tion administrations in Europe, Asia and
ships along migration
for ICMPD, adding Africa. The ICMPD Member States Programme is
routes. From a Euro-
pean base, ICMPD has
two countries to its shaped exclusively for member states. It uses
taken its three pillar Member State base ▪ Capacity for developing innovative its deep thematic and geographic migration
approach to migration – Malta and Turkey. approaches to deal with migration expertise to organise activities according
management – struc- These countries have challenges based on knowledge and un- 39 to the specific priorities of states. The main
turally linking poli-
historically and ge- derstanding of migration realities. strands of the programme are:
cy and research, mi-
gration dialogues and
ographically always
capacity building – been at the forefront In 2018, Romania held the rotating chairman- 1. National initiatives – taking the results of
world-wide. of migration move- ship of the ICMPD Steering Group and will be ICMPD to the doorstep of the Member
ments and bring rich followed by North Macedonia in 2019. States
migration management experience to the
table. The memberships of Malta and Tur- WIDER EXTERNAL RELATIONS 2. Dialogue and exchange on specific top-
key will contribute to both regional outreach ics – in 2018 a roundtable on “Skills
and strengthening operational cooperation. All work of ICMPD is guided by a partnership based Complementary Pathways to
ICMPD now has 17 Member States across approach. ICMPD is fostering close relation- Protection for Refugees and/or Asylum
Europe. As another significant development, ships with regions that connect with Europe, Seekers in Europe”
in 2018 the Netherlands signed a letter of aiming to create efficient cooperation and
intent to become an ICMPD Member States partnerships along migration routes. 3. Support to members holding relevant
and is, pending national procedures, par- The organisation has built strategic and chairmanships (for example the EU
ticipating in the ICMPD Steering Group as long-lasting partnerships with governments Council presidency)
an observer. and relevant stakeholders in all regions it
ICMPD Member States represent a varie- operates in, including with European Union In 2018 work was also put into the further de-
ty of European countries, all bringing different institutions, and is continuously building on velopment of the programme through consul-
perspectives to the cooperation. The Member these relations through high-level and techni- tations with the Member States. Furthermore,
States set the strategic direction of the organ- cal visits and consultations as well as through there were discussions on an initiative to start
isation, and are given access to knowledge, its regional coordination offices and the Brus- an Annual Report on Migration and Media.
networks, strategic thinking and innovation. sels mission. ICMPD sees outreach and This initiative will be taken forward in 2019.
strong relations as main ingredients in suc-
Member States benefit from: cessful migration cooperation, an approach
that also characterised the external relations
▪ Extensive in-house know-how and pro- work in 2018.
found expertise in all fields of migration
management.
41
Dialogues
Migration
MIGRATION DIALOGUES
Migration Dialogues
as well as geographic and thematic outreach. took place on 14 and 15 November 2018, in
In most dialogues, the policy direction is de- Addis Ababa, leading to the adoption of Joint
AS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF
cided upon at ministerial level. Ministerial Conclusions with a view of addressing the
declarations, sometimes with accompanying implementation of the five priority domains of
work plans, set the thematic priorities, specif- the JVAP.
GOVERNING MIGRATION
ic objectives and targets for the cooperation
for a specific time period. Dialogues include In the Mediterranean region, the City-to-City
several activities: working group meetings, Migration initiative (under the MTM Dialogue)
capacity building measures and national im- entered its fourth year of operation. In 2017,
Migration dialogues successfully link countries plementation activities planned in order to a network of nine major cities in the Mediter-
and regions as well as create important networks reach the cooperation objectives. In many ranean, working on improving local migration
among migration administrations. ICMPD processes, this work is overseen by high-lev- governance, was consolidated and will be ex-
el senior officials’ meetings, mandated to fol- tended to include several more cities during
supports several key inter-governmental dialogues low-up on ministerial conclusions. 2019 and beyond.
on migration with strategic advice, expertise Considering how important the regional As tasked by the Bratislava Ministeri-
and administrative support. perspective is in international migration, IC- al Declaration of 2016, the Prague Process
MPD has adopted a regional approach in its successfully launched its Migration Obser-
work and is fostering close relationships with vatory and Training Academy in 2018. The
regions that connect with Europe. The aim is products developed to date include several
to create efficient cooperation and partner- training manuals, policy briefs, analytical re-
ships along migration routes. ports, country factsheets, media digests and
ICMPD has organised the work in priority expert interviews. The year 2018 also saw
regions closely connected with the migration the implementation of a number of workshops
dialogues it supports. The dialogue activi- and trainings addressing the priority are-
ties are flanked with capacity building meas- as identified by the Prague Process states.
ures as well as policy and research activities. The Senior Officials´ Meeting in December
These three approaches mutually reinforce 2018 focused on the 10th anniversary of the
their respective impact and quality. process in 2019, looked at its role in the im-
43 plementation of the Global Compact for Mi-
FOSTERING DIALOGUE, COOPERATION gration on a regional level and considered
ICMPD was founded in 1993, at a time when connect countries along the migration routes, AND STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS ON the extension of its mandate and thematic fo-
migration in Europe saw dramatic changes build networks among administrations and ALL LEVELS cus for the period of the ministerial mandate
following political developments in Eastern create spaces to find common language, (2017-2021) and beyond.
Europe and the wars leading up to the disso- ways and solutions. The dialogues often go In the African region, the Rabat and Khar-
lution of Yugoslavia. Politicians realised they beyond formal frameworks by setting more toum Processes act as a forum for politi- In the Silk Routes region, the Budapest Pro-
needed a new platform for discussing migra- ambitious objectives, overcome differenc- cal dialogue and cooperation on migration. cess moved towards a new Ministerial Con-
tion among states who had very different in- es and find commonalities on all topics. They The Khartoum Process engages the EU and ference in Istanbul in February 2019, which
terests and priorities. States were seeking build trust between partners, needed to ini- Horn of Africa countries in tackling irregular also celebrated its 25th year of operation. In
an efficient way to build cooperation, forge tiate operational cooperation, and, as such, migration and human trafficking and smug- 2017, the Budapest Process dialogue also pi-
new bonds and exchange information on have become an essential part of how we gling of migrants, while the Rabat Process loted a methodology with annual focus topics.
migration. govern migration. ICMPD now supports some brings Europeans together with North, Cen- For 2017 and 2018, the thematic area was
They found it by creating the first true in- of the most important migration dialogues tral and West African policy makers under a focused on return and reintegration. Flanking
ter-regional migration dialogue, the Budapest linking Europe, Asia and Africa. broader migration and development remit. In capacity building work in the Silk Routes re-
Process: a dialogue that created an informal 2018, Rabat Process partners welcomed the gion has deepened, mainly with Afghanistan,
political setting, providing an opportunity to CONNECTING REGIONS adoption of the Marrakesh Political Declara- Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq and Pakistan.
agree on policy targets and standards for co- tion and Action Plan 2018-2020, the new stra- Supporting migration dialogues for the
operation without legally binding the partici- The organisation runs the secretariat for the tegic framework governing the dialogue for past 25 years has also influenced ICMPD. It
pating states. This gave states the freedom to Budapest Process, the Prague Process, the the period 2018-2020. During the same year, has convinced ICMPD that migration man-
engage in more ambitious cooperation, share Rabat Process, the Khartoum Process and the Khartoum Process further consolidated agement requires cooperation and partner-
information freely and create important pro- the Mediterranean Transit Migration (MTM) its framework for policy and dialogue among ship at all levels. ICMPD now uses this same
fessional networks. One of the first tasks of Dialogue — all covering important migration its member states under the Italian chairman- approach to facilitate cooperation between
the newly founded ICMPD was to support the regions. In its secretariat role, ICMPD supports ship. The Rabat and Khartoum Processes partners in several areas of migration man-
Budapest Process as its secretariat. leading and participating states with strategic also represent the two platforms that monitor agement, for example integrated border man-
Nowadays, dialogues have become a advice and information, providing migration the implementation of the Joint Valletta Action agement, the fight against trafficking and
powerful tool fostering migration cooperation expertise and administrative support. Having Plan (JVAP), which was adopted during the diaspora matters.
and an effective way to drive a common mi- this function puts ICMPD in a unique position Summit on Migration held in 2015. Within this
gration agenda forward. Migration dialogues in terms of regional networks and knowledge framework, a JVAP Senior Officials’ Meeting
Western
45
Balkans
and Turkey
TURKEY – A KEY
Capacity Building
MIND
PRIORITY COUNTRY
Supporting Migration
Policy Development
DGMM III in Turkey
Strengthening the
operational and
strategic capacity of the
ICMPD’s Western Balkans and Turkey Regional Directorate General of SIDEM
Migration Management Development-sensitive
Coordination Office continued its support to Turkish of Turkey Migration Policies
in Turkey
institutions on several thematic areas of migration
management, ranging from irregular migration and DGMM II
return to supporting development of strategies for

Support for the devel- P-TIP
opment of institutional ICMPD PROJECT PORTFOLIO IN Preventing, Identifying
legal migration and efficient asylum procedures, capacity of the Directorate
General for Migration
TURKEY IN 2017 and Combating
Trafficking in Persons
implementation of sensitive migration policies and Management of Turkey in Turkey
supporting the development of migration policies.

READMIC ASCAP
Readmission Agreement Asylum Capacity
Capacity Building in Turkey
THE WESTERN BALKANS
ESRAC
A FRAMEWORK APPROACH PREDOC
Establishment Risk
Pre-departure travel
Analyse Capacity
document and visa
Priority needs of ICMPD Member States in University, supported the Government Au- control system in
the Western Balkans were identified through thority on Migration (GAM) in improving the country of origin
the Short-term technical assistance project legal framework of migration management

initiative (StAMM) to conduct country or re- structures and providing support to policy de-
gionally based activities in order to develop velopment through developing a Government
complementary migration approaches in the regulation on the work and functioning of the ICMPD’s projects imple-
region. The concrete activities of the project GAM for strengthening the legal framework, 47 mented in Turkey are
were launched in December 2018 and the through revising the structures of the author- tions such as the Kosovo Agency for Statis- designed to complement isations in imple-
first planned activity is a Negotiation Skills ity and defining the functions of its member tics to procure statistical data on migration with each other through fo- menting AVR were
cusing on all pillars of
Training for the representatives of the minis- institutions, and regular advice and support carrying out the first nationally representative prepared in 2018.
migration management
tries of interior/and or security of the West- proovided to the National Coordinator on Mi- migration survey. In addition, MIMAK rais- such as irregular migra-
Furthermore, the
ern Balkan countries. gration (NCM). Ongoing assistance has been es awareness amongst the population on the tion and return, legal operational capac-
provided to the GAM to develop the Koso- benefits of regular migration and consequenc- migration, internation- ity and procedures
LINK UP! SERBIA vo Strategy for Migration 2019-2023. Twelve es thus discouraging irregular migration and al protection, migra- of the DGMM on
tion and development,
tailor-made trainings on migration-related safeguarding regular migration and mobility. countering irregu-
anti-trafficking, border
In Serbia, the aim of the Link Up! Serbia pro- topics and statistical programmes on data management, and mi-
lar migration, return
ject has been to stimulate investments from collection and analysis were held for GAM IRREGULAR gration policy develop- and readmission
Serbian diaspora in Austria into Serbia. Dur- members along with on-the-job training and MIGRATION AND RETURN ment in general. matters were en-
ing 2018, the project team held intensive mentoring of the GAM secretariat. hanced. A study visit
consultations with the Austrian Development Through expert advice and mentoring in Through the UK-funded DGMM III and of the to FRONTEX HQ was conducted. Princi-
Agency as the donor and the Ministry for Eu- the field of development of standardised data DGMM IV projects (Strengthening the oper- ples were agreed to on cooperation between
ropean Integration of Serbia as the potential collection and analysis practices, ICMPD sup- ational and strategic capacity of Directorate FRONTEX and Turkey and training possibil-
national counterpart, as well as other project ports the GAM in its efforts to improve the General of Migration Management of Turkey, ities for enhancing the capacities of Turkish
partners and stakeholders in Serbia (Serbi- quality of data collection and analysis for the ICMPD focused on improving capacities of the institutions involved in return operations. A
an Chamber of Commerce, regional devel- development of migration profiles (Migration Directorate General of Migration Management study visit offered the opportunity to learn
opment agencies). Profiles Light 2016 and 2017, Extended Migra- to respond to the flow of irregular migrants, from Italy’s experiences on the application of
tion Profiles 2013-2017). Through developing the establishment of a national Assisted Vol- readmission agreements with third countries.
MIGRATION MANAGEMENT IN KOSOVO1 a Migration Management Information System, untary Return (AVR) mechanism, and im- Finally, the project fostered cooperation
ICMPD supports the GAM in setting up an in- proved and enhanced return operations with with countries of origin, namely with Afghan-
ICMPD’s MIMAK project, funded by the terlinked migration-related IT infrastructure the aim of realising sustainable returns. istan and Pakistan, through establishing
Swiss State Secretariat for Migration and to improve data collection. ICMPD supports Within this scope, a Strategy Paper for migration dialogues. A visit of a high-level
implemented in partnership with Maastricht the GAM and the NCM and relevant institu- Establishing a National AVR Mechanism in delegation from Afghanistan was organised
Turkey, a Comparative Study on AVR prac- and complemented by an expert workshop
1 This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSC tices of other countries, and a research focusing on areas of cooperation between
1244 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence. paper on the Role of Civil Society Organ- the DGMM and countries of origin.
Capacity Building
LEGAL MIGRATION tion strategies and action plans. A Training MIGRATION POLICY DEVELOPMENT
of Trainers programme was planned in or- PROCESS
As part of the DGMM III and DGMM IV pro- der to develop institutional training capaci-
jects also a Legal Migration Strategy and ties on migration and development. A study The EU IPA 2013 funded MIND project
Policy Development Support Paper and a visit to Switzerland was organised to share (Supporting Migration Policy Development
Comparative Study on Stay and Residence ideas on migration. Technical support was in Turkey) focused on capacity building in
document have been developed. Two study provided for the drafting of the “International reference to evidence-based migration pol-
visits, on visa and residence policies and Migration” chapter of the 11th National De- icy development for the Directorate Gener-
practices of Spain and workflow on visa and velopment Plan of Turkey. A Labour Market al of Migration Management of the Ministry
residence of France were undertaken. Integration Seminar Week for Practitioners of Interior of Turkey (DGMM) and relevant
was organised to initiate knowledge shar- institutions. A thorough analysis of the mi-
IRREGULAR MIGRATION ing between local and international experts. gration-development policy cycles of five
Two pilot projects on economic development countries (Russia, the UK, Sweden, Italy and
INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION and integration to the labour markets were Germany), with best practices at each stage
funded to promote the positive synergies of the cycle, was compiled under a compar-
The ASCAP II Project (Supporting the Asy- between migration and development, build- ative report and presented to the beneficiary
lum Decision Making Capacity of Turkey’s ing a network of relevant participants to fa- and relevant stakeholders.
Directorate General of Migration Man- cilitate sustainable integration and develop A pilot migration policy development was
agement), which was funded by the UK a sustainable programme for labour market launched, starting with the collection of data
and implemented through 2018, aimed to integration of migrants and persons with a of 1.2. million regular migrants (migrants
strengthen the procedures for determining protection status. staying with various types of residence per-
international protect status of the Turkish mits) from the DGMM, an unprecedented
Directorate General of Migration Manage- ANTI-TRAFFICKING RESPONSE instance of data sharing in Turkey, in line
ment in the areas of institutional setup, in- with the EU Regulation on Data Protection.
tegration of refugees and asylum seekers, The biggest added value of the UK-funded A robust analysis was performed to identify
quality of decisions, establishment of special P-TIP project (Preventing, Identifying and relationships and patterns predictive of mi-
procedures, and collection and use of coun- Combatting Trafficking in Persons in Tur- grant behavior in relation to applications to
try of origin information. The project sought key) is its multi-agency/multi-disciplinary and uses of the types of residence permits.
to enable smooth processing of new and approach involving all key anti-THB author- 49 Policy insights from these analyses were ex-
pending asylum applications and support ities enabling their cooperation, thus lead- plained in the DGMM personnel training.
the provision of effective protection. In 2018 ing to sustainability. The DGMM staff have The awareness-raising component of the
Turkey remained the largest refugee-host- received specific on-the-job trainings, espe- MIND project also launched, in 2018, 2 of
ing country in the world with around 4 million cially those working at the removal centers the 7 city visits envisaged, including a meet-
refugees, and the number of new asylum ap- in terms of identification of potential THB ing with over 600 regular migrants in the An-
plications during 2018 was 114,537. victims. International developments were talya province and over 300 foreign students
discussed with relevant authorities such as in Izmir. Training on international negotiation
DEVELOPMENT OF SENSITIVE the Council of Europe, UK Home Affairs, etc. techniques was provided by an internation-
MIGRATION MANAGEMENT Turkey’s anti-THB efforts were also profiled. al expert using the POINT method to experts
In line with the communication strategy de- working in the Foreign Affairs Department
The Swiss-funded SIDEM (Support the Im- veloped, information brochures and post- of the DGMM, and a report was drafted by
plementation of Development- Sensitive Mi- ers were developed and disseminated to 81 the senior research officer of ICMPD detail-
gration Policies in Turkey) project initiated a provinces. A road map was designed in line ing the international consultative procedures
research process analyzing the relationship with the current needs/gaps and lessons available to Turkey to voice its migration pol-
of migration and development in three NUTS learned. The ultimate objective, with possi- icies in the international arena.
2 regions in Turkey. The Research provid- ble future projects, will be to ensure better
ed an evidence base in order to increase handling of THB victims in the National Re-
institutional knowledge on migration as well ferral Mechanism (NRM) through capaci-
as formulate strategic policy directions, de- ty building /raising awareness of the DGMM
sign development-sensitive migration pol- and the Ministry of Family, Labour and So-
icies and establish a targeted programme cial Services.
supporting the labour market integration of
migrants. As part of this project, a develop-
ment-sensitive Migration Strategy and Ac-
tion Planning Framework document was
developed that presented evaluations and
recommendations for all related institutions
in designing development-sensitive migra-
Eastern
51
Europe and
Central Asia
INVESTING IN EVIDENCE- The EECA region—Where We Work
Capacity Building
BASED MIGRATION
GOVERNANCE: FOCUSING
ON YOUTH, MEDIA AND
RESEARCH
In 2018, the Eastern Partnership deliverables for
2020 resonated strongly in the work of the EECA
Regional Coordination Office. Youth, media, research,
mobility, people-to-people contacts, visa liberalisation
dialogues and mobility partnerships were addressed
through concrete actions in Armenia, Azerbaijan
and Georgia. The experience gained through the
EU-funded multi-thematic projects ENIGMMA (1&2),
MOBILAZE and MIBMA is applicable to other coun-
tries too, Belarus being the next suitable candidate
to support in implementing the mobility partnership,
followed by Ukraine as another priority country with 53
which to strengthen cooperation.
The close cooperation with academia, re- In 2019, the ICMPD

search institutions and think tanks has always International Sum-
mer School will en-
been a priority for the EECA RCO. In 2018,
ter a new dimension
the expansion of analytical capacities repre- by joining the efforts
EECA REGION FIELD OFFICE (Seat Agreement) FIELD OFFICE
sented a major investment across the region of three EU-fund-
and contributed to the EECA RCO becoming ed projects - ENIGM-
a genuine knowledge and experience hub. MA 2, MOBILAZE
and PP DATA, gather-
Over 10 Migration Study Weekends Mock court competitions help build the rheto- The fifth International Summer School in
ing youth and young
were organised for students, young profes- professionals from
ric and argumentation skills of students in the South Caucasus brought together 50 young
sionals and researchers in Azerbaijan. The EECA and WB coun- areas of migrants’ rights, human trafficking participants with aspirations to pursue a career
weekends provided youth with an opportu- tries. This unique ef- and international protection. in migration policy and leading internation-
nity to learn from very prominent European fort shall further con- The work with media was distinctive in al migration experts from Oxford, Maastricht,
tribute to regional
migration scholars. Meanwhile, the research Armenia. In 2018, the annual “Suitcase” jour- Amsterdam, Sorbonne and Vienna Univer-
and international ex-
and analytical capacities of state represent- change. The school,
nalism contest on migration issues awarded sities, and ICMPD. The week-long intensive
atives were enhanced through a number of taking place in Geor- nine journalists, publishing in Russian, Arme- training course covered a variety of topics from
targeted trainings. gia, shall contribute to nian or English. The contest aims to unite the key migration terms and concepts to economic
Migration talks and mock court compe- timely investment into potential of central and regional media repre- and legal implications for hosting and sending
the future of migra-
titions contributed to the informal education sentatives who cover and report on migration societies or the media’s role in shaping public
tion policy.
in Georgia. The talks provide a forum for in- issues, encouraging them to raise aware- debates and policies on migration. Practical
terested students, state institutions and re- ness and report on related challenges and areas such as data collection and data visual-
searchers to learn and debate migration. opportunities. isation were equally addressed.
PRAGUE PROCESS
The ongoing “Prague Process: Dialogue,

Analyses and Training in Action” initia-
tive (PP DATA), launched at the beginning
of 2018, has been allocated €1.9 million
to ensure implementation of the Bratisla-
va Declaration in 2018-2020. The Europe-
an Commission finances PP DATA through
the Mobility Partnership Facility (MPF II). The
aligning of these two important instruments 10TH
of the EU’s Global Approach to Migration and ANNIVERSARY
Mobility shall enhance policy coherence and, Launched in Prague
in April 2009, the
whenever possible, create synergies between Prague Process will
migration dialogue and concrete actions im- mark its 10th anniver-
plemented by collaborating states under sary during the SOM
the Facility. in Bucharest, organ-
The overall dialogue function, the Migra- ised under the Roma-
nian EU presidency on
tion Observatory and the Training Academy June 10-11, 2019. This
represent the three pillars of current work. event will allow par-
In 2018, both the Migration Observatory and ticipating states to as-
the Training Academy were launched and sess the achievements
Silk
progressed through a set of activities (i.e. of the Process and
provide input on its
workshops, trainings, expert missions, in- future direction.
ternship programme etc.) and the production
of numerous outputs. These include vari-
ous training materials, policy and analytical
publications, expert interviews and country
Routes
factsheets, as well as the well-established 55
Quarterly Review and the monthly Media Di-
gest. The Prague Process has gradually be-
come a centre of knowledge and expertise
with a particular focus on the Eastern Europe
and Central Asia region.
A REGION IN A Migrant Resource Centres in the Silk Routes Region
Capacity Building
SPECIAL FOCUS
The Silk Routes region is increasingly becoming
an impetus for further growth, dialogue and
partnerships for ICMPD.
KABUL
BAGHDAD ISLAMABAD
LAHORE
For the organisation, 2018 marked a year of

growth in activities and on-the-ground pres-
ence in the Silk Routes region. Project offices
were set up in Baghdad, Dhaka, Islama- 57
bad and Kabul. In addition to the existing ICMPD operated three
EU-funded project on Improving Migration Migrant Resource
Management in the Silk Routes countries, Centres (MRCs) in Ka-
ICMPD undertook new projects in the region bul, Afghanistan and
Islamabad / Lahore,
with funding from the EU and other donors.
Pakistan in 2018. The
The focus has been on policy development, MRCs help people
migrant protection and awareness-raising in make informed deci-
all aspects of migration. sions when consider-
The development of a Comprehensive ing to migrate. They
provide information
Migration Policy for Afghanistan, a National
on a range of migra-
Emigration and Welfare Policy for Overseas tion-related challeng-
Pakistanis and a Policy on Engagement with es and opportuni-
Iraqis Abroad, in cooperation with relevant ties, raise awareness
stakeholders in those countries, were the on the benefits of safe
and regular migra-
milestones for 2018. All three policies are in
tion and the dangers,
the process of finalisation and adoption. Fo- risks and consequenc-
Migrant protection can be enhanced through ILO, ICMPD supported the application of the
cus will be on implementation in 2019. es of irregular mi- awareness raising, and the Migrant Resource Common Agenda on Migration and Mobili-
Given that several thousand people are gration. In 2018, the Centres operated jointly by ICMPD and ty (CAMM) signed between India and the EU
on the move within and from the Silk Routes MRCs reached out to government authorities in a number of Silk (in 2016) and the ongoing High-Level Dia-
more than 25,000 po-
region, both regularly and irregularly, protec- Routes countries were instrumental in provid- logue on migration and mobility between the
tential and outgo-
tion of the rights and well-being of these peo- ing migrants through
ing correct and comprehensive information to two sides. ICMPD’s focus during the year has
ple have been a priority. Capacity building counselling, informa- the public on migration realities and process- been on mapping of Indian diaspora within
efforts were initiated for representatives of tion sessions targeting es (see box for further information). the EU (specifically Germany, Ireland and It-
Silk Routes countries such as labour attachés youth and communi- In 2018, ICMPD forged a new partner- aly), developing a migration profile on over-
ties and pre-depar-
in destination countries. Outreach to diaspora ship with one of the world’s leading migra- all EU-India mobility trends, and empowering
ture training. By the
and development of strategies for crisis man- end of 2018, a fourth
tion countries – India. Through the EU-funded student mobility through the launch of an
agement and contingency planning were also MRC was established Cooperation and Dialogue on Migration and EU-specific checklist offering guidance on a
undertaken. in Baghdad, Iraq. Mobility project, co-implemented with the safe and legal educational experience.
The Budapest Process—

a Silk Routes Partnership for Migration
PARTICIPATING STATES OBSERVER STATES

59
Mediterranean
THE BUDAPEST PROCESS
In 2018, the Budapest Process celebrated ing on average, were held for countries to
25 years of migration cooperation since its in- develop, discuss and negotiate the Istanbul
ception in 1993. Fittingly, the year was used Commitments and the action plan. That will
largely to prepare the next large milestone start a new phase for the Budapest Process
of the process: the 6th Budapest Process as it continues to facilitate and encourage mi-
Ministerial Conference on 19 and 20 Febru- gration cooperation in the future. The coun-
ary 2019, in Istanbul to adopt the “Istanbul tries have also reaffirmed the strong belief
Commitments on the Silk Routes Partner- that political commitments must be accom-
ship for Migration” and the “Call for Action – a panied by operational actions on the ground.
five year plan.” It was a year to look back at For this reason, it is particularly positive that
what has been accomplished since the 1993 so many concrete achievements, flanking the
Ministerial Conference in Budapest, with an dialogue, can be recorded in the Silk Routes
ever growing dialogue, two geographical ex- region during this time.
pansions and a wide thematic scope cover- In parallel, in 2018 the annual thematic
ing each aspect of migration cooperation. It focus on return and reintegration continued
was also a year to look forward to develop- successfully with a regional working group
ing the right tools to handle the challenges meeting in Sarajevo in May focusing on good
of tomorrow’s migration cooperation. Three practices and ways to further cooperate in
meetings, with over 100 delegates attend- these fields.
KNOWLEDGE, Objectives of MC2CM Phase II
Capacity Building
EVIDENCE AND FACTS
The Mediterranean remained of key importance in
2018. While migrant flows continued to decrease,
the routes shifted westward and record numbers of
crossings in the Gibraltar Strait were recorded. Polit-
ical focus was intense in both the Central and West EXPAND DIALOGUE DEVISE MORE ACTION
Mediterranean. Subsequently, emphasis was given to More cities and stakeholders involved Supporting targeted city actions
cooperation with EU’s southern neighbourhood. in exchanges and an enriched panel of to address identified needs and
learning activities priorities on the ground
Libya is facing serious

challenges and instabil-
ity, and over time, while
leadership and govern-
ments might change, the
administration remains.
INCREASE KNOWLEDGE RAISE AWARENESS
ICMPD believes that Collection and dissemination Promoting a realistic and
nationally led long-term In such a context, agement activities on page 69.) ICMPD of migration-related knowledge fair narrative on migration
capacity building is es- ICMPD considerably sees the various fields of migration as inte- and data intercultural dialogue
sential. ICMPD works
increased its role in gral parts and parcels of an overarching mi-
closely with Libyan au-
thorities on establishing
the region, working gration governance. Regional frameworks
the foundation of migra- in close partnership such as the EUROMED Migration IV as well 61
tion governance in the with European insti- as national ones in Tunisia, Libya and Jor-
country. Moreover, with tutions, EU mem- dan put strong focus on an integrated ap-
the support of Libyan
ber states, southern proach to migration governance. In addition,
authorities, ICMPD pro-
vides guidance, training
partners and a num- ICMPD’s actions on urban migration govern-
and technical assistance ber of stakeholders. ance grew, and 2018 saw the launch of the A second phase of
to the country’s emerg- ICMPD’s approach second phase of the Mediterranean City-to- MC2CM, co-financed
ing civil society. Final- by the European Un-
encompasses the City Migration (MC2CM), with the network
ly, ICMPD focuses on ion through the Euro-
whole spectrum of expanding to about 20 major cities in the MTM DIALOGUE pean Trust Fund for
border management and
signed a Memorandum
migration govern- Euro-Mediterranean region. However, there Africa and the Swiss
of Understanding with ance, touching upon will be limited results if public perception is The Mediterranean Transit Migration (MTM) Agency for Develop- els and developing
EUBAM in 2018. various thematic distorted. Indeed, policy development needs Dialogue has continued to make a marked ment and Cooperation, common views on
was launched on July 1,
fields at all levels, knowledge, evidence, facts and data to contribution to migration governance by shared challenges.
2018, and will work for
from global, regional and national to local. achieve coherence and sustainable impact. bringing the urban dimension of migra- the next 3 years to in-
Alongside its partners
The significant increase of migrant flows in However, public debate on migration is more tion to the fore of dialogue and technical crease successes and United Cities and
the recent past severely tested the ability often emotion-driven than evidence-based. cooperation. strengthen the network Local Governments
of countries along migration routes to effi- This can lead to overly simplified and polar- Its flagship initiative, the Mediterranean of cities. (UCLG) and UN-Hab-
ciently manage their borders. Its extensive ising narratives ill adapted to the complexi- City-to-City Migration (MC2CM) project, devel- itat, ICMPD helped
expertise built over more than 20 years of ty of the issue, which in turn can mislead the oped a mapping on the state of migration at position the theme of migration at the 8th Afri-
experience in the field of border manage- policy-making process. That is why ICMPD the local level by compiling and analysing the cities Summit in Marrakesh, a global gathering
ment naturally leads ICMPD to play a cen- has integrated the narrative of migration as situation in 9 cities (Amman, Beirut, Lisbon, of over 8,000 representatives from local and
tral role in the region. ICMPD implements an overarching focus in most programmes Lyon, Madrid, Tangier, Tunis, Turin and Vien- regional governments.
regional flagships such as the Border Man- in the region. These efforts are illustrated, na). It offers the most comprehensive analysis Communication will continue as a con-
agement Programme for the Maghreb, with among ways, by the Mediterranean Migra- on the local situation of migrants in the region. necting thread for MTM, bringing perspec-
a strong focus on Morocco, and in a number tion Media Award, the first ever Euro-Med- The adoption of the Urban Challenges and tives from local, regional and national
of countries, notably in Lebanon and Tuni- iterranean workshop for communicators on Opportunities for the Mediterranean Region governments and convening experts to share
sia, with tailor-made and state-driven inte- migration, a series of high-level panel de- Policy Recommendations serves as a point of experiences and develop tools on how to
grated border management actions. (Find bates and the development of city communi- reference for local administration and reflects support a fact-based and balanced narrative
more information on ICMPD’s border man- cation strategies on migration. the MTM approach of sharing inspiring mod- on migration.
The EUROMED Migration Programme—Strengthen the Dialogue

Africa
PARTICIPATING STATES
OBSERVER STATES
SYRIA’S PARTICIPATION
IS CURRENTLY SUSPENDED 63
The Migration Media

EUROMED MIGRATION IV Award 2018 and the ac-
tivities related to it
highlighted the impor-
EUROMED Migration IV (EMM4) promotes Peer-to-peer meet-
tance of working on the
a comprehensive approach to strengthen- narrative on migration.
ings and work-
ing dialogue and cooperation between EU A first study on public shops were held on
member states and European Neighbour- attitudes on migration the main thematic
hood Instrument South partner countries. The was completed with the areas of the global
Observatory on Pub-
programme provides a constructive and op- approach to Migra-
lic Attitudes on Migra-
erational framework to reinforce regional and tion and a second study
tion and Mobility.
national tools and capacities to support evi- is under development to A National Focal
dence-based and coherent migration policies. be presented in 2019. Points’ consulta-
In 2018 special attention was dedicated tion was organ-
to the narrative on migration, combining the ised in October 2018 for countries to identify
priorities of EMM4 and identifying emerging priorities for 2019. Under the capacity de-
priorities for national and international stake- velopment dimension, efforts focused on
holders. The aim is to promote a more bal- fine-tuning and reorganising the Migration
anced public discourse on migration in order Governance Process (MGP), combining a
to support development of evidence-based theoretical approach with concrete capacity
migration policies. building support to national administrations.
Active cooperation was established with Under the horizontal and cross-cut-
a large number of partners from international ting component, the development of the
organisations, research institutes and private i.Map and the running of the Migration
companies as well as NGOs through partici- Governance Traineeship represent two of
pation in all the activities of EMM4 (e.g. ILO, the most innovative work streams under
GIZ, EUI, JRC, Club of Venice, media and the EMM4 and will continue until the end of
academia partners). the programme.
ICMPD IN AFRICA – The Rabat Process – the Euro-African Dialogue
Capacity Building
on Migration and Development
WORKING IN CLOSE
PARTNERSHIP
Striving to create a positive impact in both Africa and
Europe, ICMPD’s efforts in the region span dialogue
facilitation, operational support and capacity build-
ing, as well as data collection and monitoring.
65
OBSERVER STATES
PARTNER STATES UNTIL 2014
In 2018 the French
Research Institute for
Development (IRC)
RABAT PROCESS carried out an in-
depth study for the
For 12 years, the Rabat Process has enabled region on the Joint Rabat Process on the
political cooperation on crucial migration and Valletta Action Plan root causes of irreg-
ular migration in the
mobility issues. It has offered a framework for (JVAP). The Mar-
region. This innova-
consultation, bringing together countries of or- rakesh Action Plan is tive study resulted in
AFRICA-EU MIGRATION MOBILITY igin, transit and destination of migration routes aligned with the five the collection of scien-
DIALOGUE (MMD) linking Central, West and Northern Africa with domains of the JVAP tific data and the for-
Europe, involving over 60 state partners as and reiterates the mulation of recom-
mendations intended
The close partnership on migration cooperation between the two well as the European Commission (EC) and importance of a bal-
to support more ap-
continents is illustrated by the Africa-EU Migration Mobility Dialogue the Economic Community of West African anced and compre- propriate and target-
(MMD), as part of the Joint Africa-EU Strategy and is a key element of States (ECOWAS). The result is an open polit- hensive dialogue with ed migration policy-
ICMPD’s operational portfolio in Africa. ical and technical dialogue among national ad- concrete results. The making.
MMD supports migration dialogues such as the Rabat and Khar- ministrations with a ministerial mandate. Rabat Process has
toum Processes and helps to build the capacities to address migra- Key results in 2018 were the adoption also demonstrated its ability to be flexible
tion challenges through Continental Dialogues (Short Term Technical of the Marrakesh Political Declaration and and adapt to the new context. The Global
Assistances and one flagship project, the Joint Labour Migration Pro- Action Plan 2018-2020 through an inclusive Compact for Migration and migration issues
gramme). Furthermore, the MMD Support Project follows-up on the and intense consultation process, as well as at the global level will continue to be dis-
Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP) and strengthens the role of the Afri- the elaboration of the Individual Analysis re- cussed and followed-up in the framework of
can diaspora via the Africa-Europe Diaspora Development Platform port of Valletta 2018, which takes stock of the Rabat Process.
(ADEPT). the progress achieved in the Rabat Process www.rabat-process.org
The Khartoum Process—
Capacity Building
THE JOINT VALLETA ACTION PLAN AFRICA-EUROPE DIASPORA
between the Horn MONITORING AND REPORTING DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM
of Africa and Europe (JVAP M&R) (ADEPT)
In 2015, the Valletta Summit on Migration ICMPD supports the Africa-Europe Diaspo-
brought together European and African lead- ra Development Platform (ADEPT) in its work
ers with the aim of strengthening coopera- to strengthen the capacity and impact of Eu-
tion between the two continents. In the spirit rope-based African
2018 was the year of of solidarity, partnership and shared respon- 3 Diaspora diaspora organisa-
endorsement of Er- Development Dialogues tions involved in de-
sibility, the participating states adopted the
itrea for the 2019 hosted in 2018:
chairmanship and Su-
Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP). ICMPD was velopment activities
▪ DDD8: Expand-
dan for the 2021 chair- mandated through the Support to Africa-EU ing and enhancing in Africa.
manship, contributing Migration and Mobility Dialogue (MMD) pro- the role of diaspora In 2018, ADEPT
to a sense of conti- ject to monitor and report on its implemen- parliamentarians celebrated its first
nuity and ownership – Dakar, Senegal,
tation. As a result, a unique database was year as a non-profit
by the African part- April 2018
ners. Alongside an EU
set up to gather information on projects, pro- organisation based
▪ DDD9: Engag-
chairmanship that will grammes, legislation and policies in Africa ing and strength- in Brussels, follow-
take place in 2020, and Europe, addressing the five thematic do- ening the voices ing the 2014-2017
the three presiden- mains of the Valletta plan. of African diaspo- development pro-
cies will enable mem- ra women – Brus-
In 2018, the main results of the JVAP ject phase to de-
ber states of the di- sels, Belgium, June
alogue to actively
M&R were reflected in the creation and design the platform
2018.
participate in a long- livery of a coherent, structured and highly ▪ DDD10: The role of and establish it as
term development for complex but accessible framework for data the African diaspo- a diaspora-led and
the Khartoum Pro- collection and analysis. The key results of ra as catalyst for -managed organ-
cess as a platform for sustainable devel-
the data collection were presented during isation. The year
cooperation and dia- opment in the im-
logue amongst the Af-
the Joint Valletta Action Plan Senior Officials’ culminated with the
plementation of the
rican and European Meeting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on 14 and Global Compact for 10th Diaspora De-
partners. 15 November 2018, that reunited 280 sen- Migration velopment Dialogue
67 ior officials from across Europe and Africa. (DDD) in Marrakesh
KHARTOUM PROCESS STEERING COMMITTEE The aim was to follow up on the conclusions that brought together diaspora development
established during the 2017 Senior Officials’ actors, governments, civil society organisa-
The objective of the EU-Horn of Africa Migra- SOM, including further addressing all five Meeting (SOM) in Malta, and the progress tions, private sector and other stakeholders
tion Route Initiative (the Khartoum Process) domains of the JVAP. As a result, the the- made under the five domains of the JVAP. to discuss practical ways to maximise dias-
is to sustain and expand a regional dialogue matic meetings focused on data collection The 2018 Addis SOM pora contributions to development in Africa
on migration and mobility while undertaking and management, awareness raising cam- JVAP M&R Data saw the adoption of in the implementation of the Global Compact
concrete steps to prevent, as well as tack- paigns, law enforcement and capacity build- Collection by mid-2018 the Joint Conclusions for Migration.
▪ A total of 1,252
le, the challenges of human trafficking and ing, and the protection of women and girls by all partners.
initiatives, out of
smuggling of migrants between the Horn of on the move. which 1,028 pro-
In 2019, the work CONTINENTAL CAPACITY
Africa and Europe. An assessment on human trafficking and jects and 224 of the JVAP data- BUILDING ACTIVITIES
In 2018, the consolidation of the Khar- smuggling of migrants in Khartoum Process policies base will focus on
toum Process as a platform to advance, im- countries in Africa was begun in early 2018. ▪ 592 initiatives improving its func- In 2018, the continental component of the
implemented in
plement and operationalise the agreement of This exercise provides an overview of cur- tionalities and the MMD Support Project continued to focus on
African partner
participating states to deliver actions under rent trends in the patterns of trafficking in countries (Rabat
available outputs by technical assistance and capacity building
the mandate of the 2014 Rome Declaration persons and smuggling of migrants; of the Process) looking back at more related to continental priorities. These were
continued under the chairmanship of Italy. relevant legal, policy and institutional frame- ▪ 433 initiatives than one year of im- implemented via Short Term Technical Assis-
Four Steering Committee (SC) meetings and works; and of responses to the trafficking in implemented in plementation. There tance (STA) and one flagship project, the Joint
African partner
one Senior Officials’ Meeting (SOM) ensured persons and smuggling of migrants, includ- will be a lessons Labour Migration Programme (JLMP).
countries
the strategic development of the Khartoum ing the relevant EU-funded projects in the (Khartoum Process)
learnt exercise, and In 2018, the MMD Support Project coordi-
Process. Four thematic meetings held during region. A set of observations and recommen- ▪ 227 initiatives im- recommendations nated with the International Labour Organi-
the year resulted in over 30 concrete recom- dations for the fulfilment of the Khartoum plemented in both will be developed. zation (ILO) the implementation of the Joint
mendations to help member states meet the Process mandate will be included, along with dialogue regions, In addition, tailored Labour Migration Programme (JLMP), more
including Europe
diverse challenges related to the root causes possible areas for further efforts. Further- outputs that respond specifically the project on “Extending Access
of irregular migration and instances of human more, in its 2018 JVAP Analysis Report, the to the needs of the to Social Protection and Portability of Benefits
trafficking and smuggling of migrants. Khartoum Process outlined recommenda- users, such as entity country/organisation re- to Migrant Workers and their families in Se-
The Khartoum Process has also re- tions for partners of the Valletta Summit for ports will be made available to all users, thus lected RECs in Africa.” A number of activities
sponded to recommendations and outcomes further action, which were reflected in the enhancing the reporting dimension of the aiming to enhance social protection frame-
of the 2017 Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP) 2018 JVAP SOM Joint Conclusions. database. works was implemented at regional level with
the involved RECs (ECOWAS, SADC and- SUPPORT FREE MOVEMENT OF
EAC) as well as at continental level with the PERSONS & MIGRATION (FMM) IN
African Union, which paved the way for 2019. WEST AFRICA PROJECT
Contribution via an STA was also provided
by the MMD Support Project to strengthen The FMM West Africa project aims to max-
the capacities of the African Institute for Re- imize the development potential of the free
mittances (AIR) to maximise the implemen- movement of persons and migration in West
tation of its mandate. Special emphasis was Africa. The project is designed to support
put on support to the AIR Technical Assis- the ECOWAS Commission, the 15 Member
tance programme to African Union Member States and Mauritania. FMM is jointly funded
States (AU MS). Key expertise support has by the European Union and ECOWAS and
been provided to improve AU MS statistical implemented by the International Organiza-
measurement, compiling and reporting capa- tion for Migration (IOM) in partnership with
bilities on remittance data and to upgrade le- the International Labour Organization (ILO)
gal and regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, and ICMPD.
an experience sharing visit to Bank Al-Magh- Among the most notable results achieved
Border
rib was organised and a study on the Zimba- by FMM in 2018 are the support to the
bwe-South Africa remittances corridor was ECOWAS Trafficking in Persons Unit for the
initiated. organisation of the 2018 annual review meet-
During 2018, support to the African Un- ing on member states’ implementation of the
ion Commission Department of Political Af- ECOWAS Plan of Action on Trafficking in
fairs (AUC DPA) included the extension of the Persons and the adoption of the ECOWAS
Management
secondment of the knowledge management Border Management and Free Movement
and communication expert to strengthen the manual by ECOWAS heads of state and gov-
capacity of the AUC on this protocol. ernment. Additionally, the FMM’s Demand
In 2019, the MMD Support Project will Driven Facility (DDF) registered a number
continue to support the Technical Assistance of key activities in Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra
programme and widen its activities with AIR Leone and Mali, covering issues of Border
69
and Security
communication, leveraging the potential im- Management, Trafficking in Persons, Labour
pact of remittances on the social and eco- Migration and Free Movement via trainings,
nomic development of member states, as capacity building, assessment studies, and
well as promoting financial inclusion. development of policies and strategies. On
a multi-country level, six countries signed an
Memorandum of Understanding to estab-
Programme
lish a sub-regional coordination mechanism
to strengthen the fight against Trafficking in
Persons and victim protection. Based on a
request from the ECOWAS Commission, IC-
MPD designed a successful DDF effort in the
form of an awareness campaign to promote
free movement within the ECOWAS migra-
tory space. Additionally, on the DDF mul-
ti-country border management level, three
regional trainings were concluded involving
70 trainees from 14 member states (except
Cabo Verde). This resulted in an increase of
knowledge and technical training skills and
a shared understanding of recent develop-
ments in border management, leading to a
greater willingness to implement all proce-
dures articulated in the Border Management
and Free Movement manuals.
BORDER MANAGEMENT –
Capacity Building
THE GREATEST CHALLENGE
Strategic and
Policy Support
• Supporting the drafting of national
What does BMS do? Integrated Border Management
In 2018, the Border Management and Security (BMS) guidelines and border management
programme worked closely with national partners, strategies for States;
• All the various aspects of border
international stakeholders and donors in identifying management, mobility, trade facility
approaches to address evolving global challenges and migration governance policies;
both at national and regional levels. • Strategic expertise for high-senior
SMUGGLER officials and decision-makers.
2019 BMS
PROGRAMME BONA-FIDE TRAVELLER CUSTOMS OFFICER
CHALLENGE
In light of the evolv-
ing global challeng-
es at national and re- The first annual Inte- coordination with the ICMPD project team. TRAFFICKER
gional levels, the time grated Border Man- It contains detailed information and practical POLICE OFFICER VETERINARY OFFICER
is ripe to introduce a
agement (IBM) recommendations involving procedures and BORDER GUARD
new concept of border
management, thereby
Conference, held on customs regulations for travellers crossing
acknowledging the va- 24 and 25 October the border, including information for Tunisians
riety of tasks and per- 2018, in Beirut, be- living abroad when re-entering and staying in
sons present at the came a flagship event Tunisia, and for leaving the country again. BUSINESS OPERATOR
borders, and recognis-
of the programme. The number of passengers travelling by STAFF OF MIGRATION SERVICE PHYTOSANITARY OFFICER
ing the responsibilities
border professionals
The conference aimed air is constantly increasing, placing pres-
assume over the devel- to nurture syner- sure on airlines, border guards and airports. 71 REFUGEE
opment, security and gies amongst various With this in mind, in September 2018, ICMPD
stability of their coun-EU-funded projects on launched an aviation security project in Leb-
tries. Comprehensive HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS OFFICER CRIMINAL
IBM and other donors anon: “Reinforcing Aviation Security at the
Border Governance is
the future. “Compre-
(i.e. the Netherlands, Rafic Hariri International Airport” (AVSEC).
MIGRANT
hensive” encompasses Switzerland and Den- Being the first action of its kind in Lebanon,
all present and future mark), thereby fa- the project aims to reduce the probability of
cross-border tasks and cilitating a targeted terrorist attacks against the airport and the Provision of Equipment
responsibilities, and
knowledge exchange use of the airport to carry out attacks against
“governance” implies • Refurbishing training centres
an approach open to
between like-minded airlines or passengers, and to lower the risk
• Equipping control rooms with IT
strong strategic plan- persons at strategic of undetected use of airport facilities by ter- Capacity Building
equipment (hardware and software);
ning and cooperation, and operational levels. rorists and other criminals. • Capacity building activities on a • Developing maritime surveillance
both daily and long As a result, the con- Compliance with national and internation- wide range of border management and customs software;
term, among partners
ference facilitated a al standards requires highly knowledgeable related topics: strategic planning, joint
and, most importantly, • Provision for detection dogs.
involving stakeholders
common understand- and trained national authorities at the strate- patrolling, document security, vehicle
as owners and leaders ing amongst partici- gic and operational levels. In May 2018, the search, risk analysis, anti-corruption;
of the process. pants on prerequisites Lebanese Armed Forces’ Central Training • Developing fully-fledged e-learning platforms;
to balanced approach- Centre at Rayak Airbase was inaugurated and • From the highest level for the
es in border management, security, tech- received support from the BMS programme strategic issues down to officers and
nological and educational advancements. in the development of the border manage- agents for the technical ones.
These were the main areas of the BMS pro- ment curriculum and training. For the Ministry
gramme’s work in 2018. of Interior of the Republic of Turkey, a unique
Technologies have changed the way we training manual on IBM was developed. The
travel. Recognising this nexus between tech- manual targets the deputy province governors
nological advancement and border manage- and district governors who play a key role in
ment, a “Smart Traveller” mobile app was the coordination of border agencies in the
launched in Tunis. The app was developed country and provides them with the tools to
under the supervision of a working group make well-informed decisions and meet secu-
from the General Directorate of Customs in rity challenges in border areas.
Anti-
73
Trafficking
Programme
A YEAR OF EXPANDING
Capacity Building
MINISTERIAL DECLARATION ON REGIONAL COOPERATION IN SOUTH-EASTERN
EUROPE (SEE) TO COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS
PARTNERSHIPS
The role of ICMPD as secretariat of the Network of National Anti-Trafficking Coordinators in
South-Eastern Europe was further strengthened. At the Brdo Ministerial Conference in March
2018, the Declaration for Regional Cooperation in SEE to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings
was signed. Its adoption confirms the alignment of the Brdo Process countries with the priori-
In 2018, the Anti-Trafficking Programme continued to ties of the EU to address trafficking and provides a framework for future cooperation between
provide expertise and technical assistance to our part- the region and the EU.
ners to support them in aligning their national and re-
gional anti-trafficking responses with the latest policy HIGHLIGHTS OF ICMPD’S WORK
developments. ICMPD continued to expand its knowl- WITH THE ANTI-TRAFFICKING
edge on how migration, refugee protection and traf- AUTHORITIES IN JORDAN
ficking relate to each other by researching what makes
migrants vulnerable to abuse and exploitation, which TRAINING ROADSHOW
With the Ministry of Labour ICMPD organ-
factors enable exploitation, and how practitioners can ised a Training Roadshow on awareness and
intervene in order to stop and prevent this crime. identification of human trafficking, reaching
around 90 labour inspectors across Jordan.
Prior to the Roadshow, it delivered a refresh-
er train-the-trainer course to the ministry’s
training team and assisted them in the prepa-
SUPPORTING THE EU CONTRIBUTION TO MIGRATION ration of the training sessions.
PRESIDENCIES IN 2018 DIALOGUES Also, 2018 witnessed the conclusion of
ICMPD produced a non-paper on Combating In the course of 2018, the Anti-Trafficking the process of development of the Jordanian
Trafficking in Human Beings in the Western Programme provided thematic expertise to National Anti-Trafficking Strategy and Action
Balkans on the occasion of the international the regional migration dialogues. Within the Plan 2018–2022. The support provided by
forum “The Western Balkans and the Euro- Prague Process Migration Observatory and the Anti-Trafficking team over the past three
pean Union: Systems for Combating Human Training Academy, it developed a training 75 years contributed to the development of pro-
Trafficking in South Eastern Europe in the manual on Combating Trafficking in Human cedures that reflect the needs and respond
Context of the Accession Process” in May Beings for the countries in the region and to current anti-trafficking challenges in the
2018 in Sofia in the framework of Bulgaria’s provided successful practices on developing, country.
EU Presidency Programme. The non-paper monitoring and evaluating national anti-traf-
served to guide discussions on trafficking ficking action plans.
trends and provided indications for the EU’s The Stocktaking assessment to identi-
upcoming anti-trafficking activities in the fy thematic priorities in the area of human
Western Balkans. trafficking and smuggling of migrants in the
Khartoum Process countries looks at current Strategic policy and training documents developed to support
EU ANTI-TRAFFICKING DAY 2018 trends and the relevant legal frameworks, anti-trafficking stakeholders in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
ICMPD cooperated with the Austrian Task policies and responses. The assessment, still
Force on Combating Human Trafficking to ongoing, provides action-orientated recom-
organise a workshop on the EU Anti-Traf- mendations to overcome the challenges iden-
ficking Day in the framework of the confer- tified and to shape enhanced national and
ence “Human Trafficking and Human Rights.” regional anti-trafficking responses.
The workshop focused on the disconnect
between anti-trafficking and asylum systems
along the Balkan migration route. Further- National Anti-Trafficking
Strategy and Action Plan Standard Operating
more, the Anti-Trafficking Programme organ- Country-specific
to fight Trafficking in
Training curric
ulum
indicators on THB in Procedures for for labour inspec
ised the Vienna Migration Conference (VMC) tors on
the labour market Human Beings implementation of the THB in Jordan
side event “Regional Cooperation to Combat Jordanian NRM
Human Trafficking – Lessons Learned from

South-Eastern Europe.” The event was in
line with one of the priorities of the Austrian
EU presidency, on effective cooperation to
fight human trafficking, and with the VMC’s
thematic focus “From Crisis Management to
Future Governance.”
77
Global
Initiatives
AN EXPERTISE-DRIVEN MIEUX
Capacity Building
is a
PROGRAMME WITH demand-driven
A GLOBAL FOCUS global capacity
Global Initiatives’ two capacity building projects with
a global outlook, MIgration EU eXpertise (MIEUX) building
and the Mobility Partnership Facility (MPF)
programme.
EU, Eastern
and Southern
Neighbourhoods
9 ACTIVITIES
Asia
12 ACTIVITIES
During 2018, the

MIgration EU
eXpertise (MIEUX)
Initiative celebrat- Africa
ed 10 years since its
79 22 ACTIVITIES
inception by invit- Latin America
and the Caribbean
ing its partners in
18 ACTIVITIES
Asia, Africa and Latin
America to discuss
what achievements,
impact and good
practices the pro-
gramme has helped
to build since 2008
and by presenting its Since 2008, the joint internal review exercise involving its partners 1,237 participants spread across 61 capaci- A total of 58 experts (59 percent female and
peer-to-peer formu- EU-ICMPD MIgration from 100+ institutions, ministries and gov- ty building activities, 22 of which took place in 41 percent male) were deployed. Forty-one
la for capacity build-
EU eXpertise (MIEUX) ernmental bodies to reflect on what achieve- Africa, 18 in Latin America and the Caribbe- percent of MIEUX experts in 2018 hailed
ing on migration at in-
ternational forums
Initiative peer-to-peer ments the programme has supported during an, 12 in Asia, and 9 in the EU Eastern and from EU MS public administrations, 20 per-
on migration and formula offers a plat- its 10 years of existence. Ultimately, the goal Southern Neighbourhoods. Some of the high- cent from public administrations in partner
development. form for EU partner is to offer a greater reflection for all migration lights included helping the Togolese govern- countries, and 39 percent from other back-
countries in Africa, practitioners on the role of capacity building ment to draft standard operating procedures grounds (academia, civil society and private
Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and in improving migration governance. for return and reintegration of nationals and consultants).
the Eastern and Southern Neighbourhoods to Furthermore, in order to contribute to ex- migrants; formulating a protocol for the Spe- In 2019, MIEUX will concentrate on tak-
request capacity building assistance on all as- panding the knowledge about this subject cial Migratory Situations Team in Costa Rica; ing forward more than 60 activities in partner
pects of migration. Ten years later, MIEUX’s and the role of the EU as a regional leader in assisting Moldova with formulating a Crisis countries as well as disseminating the knowl-
portfolio of 141 requests spanning four conti- cooperation on migration, MIEUX presented Communication Plan, among others. In the edge, practices and inputs gathered during
nents and the 422 experts mobilised to share its peer-to-peer capacity building formula to last 12 months, the team delivered 19 prod- the 2018 regional roundtables through a se-
their knowledge and expertise bear witness to audiences at two key forums of internation- ucts, of which 21 percent were related to pol- ries of events aimed at stimulating debate
the programme’s recognition and added value. al development: the European Development icy (from national policies to action plans), among migration practitioners of the current
MIEUX’s endeavours have correspond- Days, held in Brussels in June, and the 11th 11 percent were of operational nature (stand- role and the potential of capacity building in
ed with some of the key developments in mi- Global Forum on Migration and Development ard operating procedures and guidelines), improving migration governance worldwide.
gration governance in the last decade. In a Summit in December in Marrakesh. 42 percent were information products (re-
crucial year for international migration gov- Aside from these events, MIEUX’s regu- search reports and communication materials),
ernance, given the adoption of the Global lar activities continued during 2018. During and 26 percent were related to capacity build-
Compact for Migration, MIEUX underwent an the course of 2018, the initiative gathered ing (handbooks and manuals).
FORGING PARTNERSHIPS The MPF is built around four strands:
Capacity Building
ON MIGRATION
During 2018, the MIgration EU eXpertise (MIEUX)
Initiative celebrated 10 years since its inception by
inviting its partners in Asia, Africa and Latin America
Mobility Partnership
(MP)/Common Agenda
to discuss what achievements, impact and good on Migration and
Mobility (CAMM):
practices the programme has helped build since 2008 Call for Proposals
and presenting its peer-to-peer formula for capaci- MPF

ty building on migration at international forums on
migration and development.
Horizontal activities
supporting MP/CAMM
Since its creation, the constituents
MPF has brought to-
gether and reinforced
bi- and multilater-
al cooperation among
public authorities of
EU MS and partner
countries. Over 850
officials have been in-
volved in capacity The Prague Process:
building activities in Dialogue, Analysis and
fields ranging from in- Training in Action
tegrated border man- 81
agement, return and Since 2016, the Mobil- developments could not have been possible
trafficking in human ity Partnership Facili- without the innovative character of the first
beings to vocational
ty (MPF) has brought round of MPF actions. Among them, MEN-
training for labour in-
clusion, (social) econ-
together European TOR – “Mediterranean Network for Training
omy and asylum pro- Union Member States Orientation to Regular Migration” was the first
cedures. At the same (EU MS) and partner action piloting a migration scheme between
time, the MPF has countries with the aim Italy, Morocco and Tunisia. Thanks to this ac-
Legal Migration
Pilot Projects: Call
contributed to sup-
of strengthening dia- tion, 19 young Moroccans and Tunisians ex- for Proposals
porting up to 80 mi-
grants in establishing
logue and coopera- perienced a professional traineeship in Italy.
businesses, seeking tion on migration and The programme included pre-departure train-
better job placement mobility issues. Over ing sessions and a mentoring phase following
or conducting labour the past two years, the internship and a focus on the development
market searches in
the first MPF Call for of business plans. The experience of MEN-
their home countries,
while safely returning
Proposals triggered TOR is now being shared with other EU mem-
over 250 citizens. 13 actions involving ber states willing to engage in the same type
authorities from 16 EU of actions. Under the Call for Proposals ded- SUPPORTING MPS AND CAMMS
MS and respective- icated to Legal Migration Pilot Projects, two
ly six Mobility Partnerships (MP) and two concrete ideas have already been approved. With its horizontal component, the MPF proof MPs over the past years, while reflecting
Common Agenda on Migration and Mobility The first one seeks to pilot a temporary legal vides support to MPs and CAMMs through on its implementing structures, relevance in
(CAMM) countries. labour migration scheme that will bring young the creation of a solid knowledge basis for an evolving EU policy landscape and disclos-
ICT specialists from Nigeria to Lithuania. a more critical and sense-making review of ing useful elements to be taken into account
FOCUS ON LEGAL MIGRATION Within the same field, a second action, led by ongoing activities and policy processes. In for the future. The study aimed to carry out a
PILOT PROJECTS Belgium, will support the mobility of Moroc- particular, the “Evaluation of the Mobility Part- multi-dimensional and independent evalua-
can ICT workers through a labour migration nerships between the European Union (EU) tion of selected MPs and produced a report
Two new Calls for Proposals were launched in scheme while strengthening the national ca- and Cabo Verde, Georgia and Moldova” car- on the MPs’ impact on various levels, to for-
2018, including, for the first time, a dedicated pacities on employment and job-placement in- ried out by the Graduate School of Govern- mulate lessons learnt and to provide recom-
focus on Legal Migration Pilot Projects, ex- stitutions. In 2019, MPF will continue focusing, ance of the University of Maastricht, offered mendations on the future implementation
tending the original scope of the MPF. These inter alia, on this strategic topic. the opportunity to assess the achievements modalities and ways forward.
83
People
Management
OUR PEOPLE Age Balance
People Management
Over the last year, ICMPD has seen a continuation
Age Average: 37
of its growth with a significant expansion in work- 20 – 30 57
force, currently employing 257 staff. ICMPD staff are

international and increasingly diversified, comprising 31 – 40 122
55 nationalities, working in 16 duty stations across
4 regions of the globe.
Of particular note is the high share of female 41 – 50 65
employees in the professional category. ICMPD’s

expanding profile enhances its attractiveness as 51 – 65 13
an employer for highly qualified professionals with
expert knowledge and insight to the migration field.
Indeed, the organisation has established itself as an Duty Stations
employer of choice for those embarking on a career
in migration policy, which is clearly reflected in the Armenia 6
broad range of expertise practiced by its staff. Austria 119
Working at ICMPD promises exposure to cut- Azerbaijan 3

ting-edge concepts, a diverse variety of stakeholders Brazil 3
and partners in multiple national and international Brussels 55
contexts, as well as unparalleled opportunities for Georgia 7
learning. The evolving nature of the organisation and Jordan 1
its work provides the necessary dynamism for the Kosovo 2
development of new approaches and the foundation 85

Lebanon 11
Macedonia 3
of new partnerships.
GENDER RATIO
Malta 15
Nigeria 6
Pakistan 1
Tunisia 12
Turkey 12
Ukraine 1
66% FEMALE
Staff Growth 34% MALE Staff Count/Nationalities
250
257 Staff Representing 55 Nationalities
Armenia 6 Bulgaria 1 Lithuania 2 Poland 1 Switzerland 3

Germany 16
Australia 1 Canada 4 Macedonia 3 Romania 6 Syrian Arab
Greece 1 Republic 2
Croatia 1 Malta 2 Russian
Guinea 1 Federation 4 Tunisia 10
TOTAL STAFF Czechia 3 Moldova 2
200 Ireland 1 Rwanda 1
Austria 44 Egypt 1 Montenegro 1 Turkey 12
Senegal 1
Azerbaijan 3 Estonia 1 Italy 18 Morocco 1 Ukraine 5
Serbia 3
Belarus 2 Finland 2 Kazakhstan 1 The Netherlands 2 United
Slovakia 2 Kingdom 6
Belgium 8 Kosovo 1 Nigeria 4
Slovenia 1 United States
Bosnia and France 21 Kyrgyzstan 1 Pakistan 3 of America 5
150
Herzegovina 4 Spain 4
257 STAFF Georgia 9 Lebanon 9 Philippines 1 Uzbekistan 1
150 155 188 223 257
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 59 NEW STAFF Brazil 7 Sweden 2
EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT
Michael Spindelegger
Director General
International Centre for Migration

Policy Development (ICMPD)
Gonzagagasse 1
1010 Vienna
Austria
www.icmpd.org
All rights reserved. No part of this

publication may be reproduced,
copied, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopy,
recording, or any information Angiolo Rolli Lukas Gehrke
storage and retrieval system, Director for Operations and Director; Policy, Research and Strategy
without permission of the copyright Resource Management
owners.
Project Responsibility:
Bernhard Schragl, ICMPD
Art Direction, Design and Editing:
Fleisch Media (Markus Huber,
Gerhard Jordan, Pia Scharler,
Christoph Wagner).
Photography: Katsey, Max Kropitz
International Centre for Migration

Policy Development (ICMPD)
Austria, 2019
Boundaries and names shown and the

designations used on the maps do not imply Martijn Pluim Ralph Genetzke
official endorsement or acceptance by ICMPD Director; Migration Dialogues and Cooperation Head of Brussels Mission
FINANCIAL
PROGRAMMES AND
GEOGRAPHIC AREAS FUNDED
INFORMATION
ICMPD’s operational activities covered
seven thematic migration management pro-
grammes: Border Management and Secu-
rity, Asylum and International Protection,
Irregular Migration and Return, Legal / La-
ICMPD’s financial statements are prepared
bour and Migration / Immigration, Traffick-
in line with the rules governing the financial
ing in Human Beings and related forms of
framework of ICMPD and relevant deci-
Implementation exploitation, Social Cohesion and Security,
sions reached by its Member States. They
Migration and Development as well as Poli-
are drawn up in accordance with generally of Resources cy- and Research-activities. Geographically,
accepted accounting principles and Inter-
the areas of operation reflected the priority
national Public Sector Accounting Stand-
regions of Eastern Europe and Central Asia,
ards as applied. In 2018, ICMPD disposed
of a total contracted project volume of
the Silk Routes countries, the Southern Programme Expenditures
neighbourhood with the Mediterranean
€ 230 million. The consolidated 2018 budget by Geographic Region
region, Sub-Saharan Africa as well as West-
(regular and programme funds) amounted
ern Balkans and Turkey. ICMPD supported
to € 38.4 million. The budget was funded by
migration dialogues in the Southern and
membership contributions, voluntary contri-
Eastern neighbourhoods and carried out re-
butions for projects, and other income.
search projects with a focus on the European
The consolidated budget comprises the regu-
migration policy agenda.
lar budget, containing the essential man-
agement, administration, and infrastructure
costs necessary for the steering and govern-
ance of the organisation, and the programme
budget, containing dedicated resources for
project implementation, specific programmes
for Member States and support functions. 2018
Membership Contributions 1,108,000 €
Other 568,000 €
Contributions Operational Activities 2,497,000 €
Project Resources 34,308,000 €
Programme Expenditures 2018
TOTAL REVENUE 38,481,000 €
by Funding Structure Africa 6,412,000 € 17%
Eastern Europe and Central Asia 4,735,000 € 13%
Consolidated Implementation Western Balkans & Turkey 2,731,000 € 7%
(Increase of 20% in 2018 in comparison to 2017) 2014 – 2018 Mediterranean 10,177,000 € 28%
Silk Routes 2,759,000 € 8%
40,000,000 € Global 7,129,000 € 19%
Policy, Research and Strategy 2,807,000 € 8%
TOTAL 36,750,000 €
35,000,000 €
30,000,000 €
25,000,000 €
2018
20,000,000 €
ICMPD Member States 3%

15,000,000 €
Other States 8%
United Nations & Other Institutions 4%
19,395,000 € 16,751,000 € 24,322,000 € 32,133,000 € 38,481,000 €
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 European Commission 85%

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Making

75 Projects POLICY & RESEARCH MIGRATION DIALOGUES CAPACITY BUILDING

Making migration and

Policy & Research

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

Michael Spindelegger, 59, joined ICMPD as

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

152,000 226,000 2008

EU enlargement has more than doubled the length

104,000 261,000 2010

141,000 310,000 2011

72,000 336,000 2012

283,000 628,000 2014

Source: Frontex, detections of illegal border-crossings (rounded) ; Eurostat, asylum

Length of EU’s External Land Borders Detections of Illegal Border Crossings

1993 5,234 km 60,000 1993

150,000 639,000 2018

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

Iran (Islamic Republic of) 979,000

Jordan 691,000 100,000 =

Source: UNHCR Global Trends 2017

Accessions of ICMPD Member States

Austria Hungary Slovenia Czech Republic Sweden

Poland Croatia Slovakia Romania Bosnia and

2014 2015 2018

Serbia North Malta

Youth work in the context of integra-

Global/ Enhanced Capability for Integrated

Dutch Support: Developing National

Swiss-Bulgarian Cooperation on Support Programme to the

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

Policy & Research

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

Policy & Research

Discussions around intra-EU as well as international

analysed the discussion around solidarity and SELECTED READINGS

an essential concept, so intrinsically linked to ▪ Expert Voice: What remains “common”

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

Policy & Research

tries in Crisis” (MICIC) builds the capacities of countries and

relevant stakeholders to better serve and protect migrants

Future consular staff

rope and Asia. Burkina Faso, the programme developed

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

Policy & Research

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

return to supporting development of strategies for

supporting the development of migration policies.

the Short-term technical assistance project legal framework of migration management

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

The close cooperation with academia, re- In 2019, the ICMPD

The ongoing “Prague Process: Dialogue,

ICMPD Annual Report 2018

For the organisation, 2018 marked a year of

ICMPD Annual Report 2018