EPE Magazine
EPE Magazine
EPE Magazine
LECTRON Cs
INCORPORATING ELECTRONICS MONTHLY £1.50
ULTRASONIC PROXIMITY
METER
12V NICAD CHARGER
SIMPLE MODEL 41P-oe44`'''4
SERIES'
PROJECT 1 -
POLICE CAR
5erievi
INTERFACE by Robert Penfold 436
The spot for all computer enthusiasts - PC prototyping cards
TEACH -IN '91 - 446
DESIGN YOUR OWN CIRCUITS by Mike Tooley
Part Eight: Power Contrc I
AMATEUR RADIO by Tony Smith G4FA1 463
Novice Licence Course; Young Amateur of the Year;
Amateur Radio and the Gulf
featurei
EDITORIAL 419
FROM FISH TO CHIPS by James Fowkes 426
Electronics from the Trojan wars to Photonics
SHOPTALK with David Barrington 428
Component buying for EE projects
For a comprehensive
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4 1 (1
Everyday Electronics, July 1991
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PEDOMETER
A pedometer measures the number of
paces walked, giving a rough idea of the C
actual distance. Since this figure can
only ever be approximate, this low cost
project should give quite acceptable
results.
The unit clips onto the side of the
walker's shoe with I.e.d.s showing the
number of paces in 500s. This gives a
maximum reading of 15,500 paces -
around 13 miles.
EVERYDAY
In -dash fitting controls for volume. tuning, fast forward 131'033 2 FM stereo decoder modules with diagram UK machines, videos, appliances 0
and wave change. Output for two speakers. Total power made by PHILIPS etc. requiring DTMF Remo Con
output 10 watts. Size 178(W) x 124(D) x 43(H) mm BP033A 4 6"x's" High grade Ferrite rod. UV made £8.95 signals over Foote, Tore Paw
(Supplied with instructions £16.90+ £2.60 BP034 3 AM IF modules with diagram PHILIPS UK
and circuit diagram). PP MADE telephone lines.
BP034A 2 AM -FM tuner head modules. UK made by Mul- Please add 75p p8p when ordering
lard
IILOFAX. BP014B I Hi-Fi stereo pre -amp module inputs for CD.
tuner, tape, magnetic cartridge with diagram VIDEO SENDER
PERSONAL ORGANISER UK made by MULLARD With this handy unit you can transmit the out-
RADIO/CALCULATOR BP035
BP036
6 All metal co -axial aerial plugs put of your home video, video camera or satel-
6 Fuse holders. panel mounting 20mm type
Solar Powered BP113K 2)1 5 pin din. 180° chassis socket
lite equipment over -the -air to a receiving televi-
Calculator BP039 6 Double phono sockets. Paxolin mounted sion within a range of 100ft. Simply connect the
BP041 3 2.8m lenghts of 3 core 5 amp rr alns flex video and audio output of your equipment into
Eight Digit BP042 Large VU meters JAPAN made this unit and a 10-13.8V dc power supply extra
Display B P043 ill 4V miniature bulbs, wire ended, new untested £3.75 size 122 x 70 x 21mm
B P044 2 Sonotone stereo crystal cartridge with 78 and LP
Imperial, styli JAPAN made SALE OFFER £11.50 +e2 pp
Battery BP045A Mono Cassette Record and play heads
Metric Powered BP046A
2
2 606 Mains transformers, PCB mounting. Size VHF RADIO TRANSMITTERS
Conversion AM Radio 42x33x35 100mW mini bug. Built a neat little fibre glass
Tables BP047A I 25V DC 150mA mains adaptor in black plastic pcb w th condense Fully tunable over the
High/Low case with flying input anc output leads new
FM ban £5.75 + E0.90 pp
Volume Control
BP049 Ii)
units made for famous sotrid mixer manufac-
turer. Size 80x55x47 2 dry s plied with fibre glass
Earphone provided 0C44 transistors. Remove paint from to nis, diagrams, ready for you to
becomes a photo -electric cell (ORP
Punched with 6 holes to fit into all personal organisers made by MULLARD
£7.50 + (0.70 pp
Listed price C19.95 OUR PRICE £8.95 plus 75p p&p BP05C 30 Low signal transistors* kit. Fully tuneable over the
elMrag7
TORROID TRANSFORMER + complete wiring diag. - 240V in.
Outputs 1 2V 4A, 12V 0.4A,12-0-12 1A + 2A, 9-0-9 2A £4.00
THERMAL PRINTER PAPER- Rolls 80mm wide 25m long £1.00
Box of 40 rolls £23.00
BARGAIN PACKS -Approx 3 lbs. of quality NEW mixed
components. No rubbish! We deal mainly in bulk to the
trade. All smaller qty. parts go in the packs regardless of value .. £5.00
HEAT SHRINK TUBING - Pack approx 15 x 16 inch lengths.
£3.00
Different diameters & colours
HARDWARE PACKS - Same quality & quantity as the packs we The UK Distributor for the
£3.50
do at all the major radio rallies -small nuts & bolts
small self tapping screws £3.50 complete ILP Audio Range
ring & spade crimp terminals - insulated £3.50
3M STICKY PROTECTIVE FEET -grey rubber - sheet of 56 £3.00
B.T. PHONE LEADS - Modern jack to jack/grey/3 mtrs £2.00
COPPER CLAD P.C. BOARD - double sided 18" x 10.5" sheet,
easy to cut on thin and flexible fibre glass £2.00
DISC DRIVE LEADS - ribbon cable; signal lead 34W card edge
to 34W DIL, suit BBC etc. £3.50
Dual signal lead 2 x 34W card edge to 34W DIL £5.00
Power lead, 4 way plug to 4W sckt (large type) £2.50
R ESETAB LE COUNTERS - 6 digit panel mount inc. catalogue data
12V DC ... £6.00
240V AC £6.00
TA -XI CMOS SAFE CONTINUITY PROBE - detects & locates
short circuits with variable audio tone, easy to use.
S.T.C. price £22.00 Our Price £9.00 BIPOLAR AND MOSFET MODULES
Needs PP3 battery (state if required) £0.80
BRIEF -CASE TYPE CARRYING CASE -used but in good The unique range of encapsulated amplifier
condition, approx. 13W' wide x 8%" deep x 8" high £7.00 modules with integral heatsink.
HY30 15W Bipolar amp f12.62 HY248 120W Bipolar amp (8 ohm) £27.38
POSTAL CHARGES: Orders up to £10 -£1.50; £20 - £3.00; £30 - £4.50. HY60 30W Bipolar amp £12.62 HY364 180W Bipolar amp (4 ohm) £42.86
LARGER ORDERS RING FOR CARRIAGE COST HY6060 30W Stereo Bipolar amp C26.46 HY368 180W Bipolar amp (8 ohm) £42.86
PLEASE ADD 17 VA, VAT TO TOTAL COST HY124 60W Bipolar amp (4 ohm) C20.69 M0S128 60W Mosfet amp £44.04
HY128 60W Bipolar amp (8 ohm) f20.69 MOS248 120W Mosfet amp £50.68
SEND TODAY -YOU'LL BE BACK FOR MORE! HY244 120W Bipolar amp (4 ohm) £27.38 MOS364 180W Mosfet amp £81.69
RICH ELECTRONICS
The Warehouse, Windsor Place,
PLATE AMPLIFIERS
Bipolar and Mosfet modules with the same
Senghenydd, electronics as above amplifiers housed in a
PHONE Mid-Glam, FAX different extrusion without heatsink.
0222 831547 S. Wales C F8 2G D 0222 830022 HY6060P 30W Stereo Bipolar amp £21.76 HY364P 180W Bipolar amp (4 ohm) £28.35
HY124P 60W Bipolar amp (4 ohm) E16.14 HY368P 180W Bipolar amp (8 ohm) £28.35
HY128P 60W Bipolar amp (8 ohm) £16.14 MOS128P 60W Mosfet amp £39.69
HY244P 120W Bipolar amp (4 ohm) C21.91 M0S248P 120W Mosfet amp f43.37
120dB PIEZO SIREN (optional for Micro -pressure .8 Volt Drop Alarms) £13.35 HY66-1 Stereo pre -amplifier £16.91
4783-1 Guitar pre -amplifier with overdrive and reverb £19.67
MICRO -PRESSURE TRIGGER
This module adds MICRO -PRESSURE sensing to any volt drop operated
alarm simply by connecting two wires across the vehicle's 12v supply. Use it POWER SLAVES
to upgrade an existing alarm or combine the benefits of both systems. These cased amplifiers are supplied assembled
MICRO -PRESSURE TRIGGER DIY parts kit £10.95 Assembled £14.95 and tested in 60 and 120 watt Bipolar or Mosfet
VOLT DROP CAR ALARM DIY parts kit £14.90 Assembled £20.95 versions.
US12 60 watt Bipolar (4 ohm) £83.73 US32 60 wan Mosfet £114.39
TOTAL ENERGY DISCHARGE IGNITION US22 120 watt Bipolar (4 ohm) £92.93 US42 120 watt Mosfet f125.62
Our unbeatable Extended C.D.I. system retains the contacts for easy fitting.
The contacts operate at low current whilst the 12v supply is converted to 370v Access
for a super power spark with improved starting, performance and economy. Prices include VAT at the new rate
Includes contact bounce filter, voltage regulator (full output at only 6 volts),
timing L.E.D. and standard/electronic change over switch. of 1 7.5% and carriage
TOTAL ENERGY DISCHARGE
IGNITION DIY parts kit £22.75 Assembled £28.45 Quantity prices available on request
All the above Include cable, connectors and clear, easy to follow instructions.
All kits Include case, PCB, everything down to the last washer, even solder. Write or phone for free Data Pack
All prices now include post, packing and VAT on U.K. orders. Same prices
apply to all European countries. For delivery outside Europe please add £3.
Telephone orders accepted with VISA or ACCESS payment. Jaytee Electronic Services
Order direct (please quote ref. E17) or send for more details from 143 Reculver Road, Beltinge, Herne Bay, Kent CT6 6PL
ELECTRON/ZE DES/GN Tel. 021 308 5877 Telephone: (0227) 375254 Fax: 0227 365104
2 Hillside Road, Four Oaks, Sutton Coldfield, B74 4DQ
module or two. detector can be removed from the trickle charged whilst In store.
Price Size
20 for E4.95 For above display. Type ICM 7211 AMIPL, plastic housing if required An 150 95 65mm, List price £28.00
K713 Fuseholders. Panel and chassis this is a 4 digit LCD decoder driver 1,P extremelyi83, Cheap version Of TIL100
mounting from a basic clip to high Interface). List £3.69. Order Code 18918
current enclosed types for 15, 20 and Prices £14.95 10 , 11.20
Order Code Z2120 Order Code 22122 YUASA NP10-6. 6V 10Ah, size
32mm fuses. Prices £2.00 Prices Pack of 5 E1.00 150 95 SOmm. List £18D0.
Price for pack of 50 £4.00 100+ 1.50; 1k (- 1,20 100 0.10; 1k 0.07
EE MAY '91
A versatile thermostat with LCD read out, Computing and much,
MAX/MIN temperature reccording, clock and EDUCATIONAL BOOKS &
individually settable upper and lower switching
points. Covers -10 to 110 degres Celsius, much morel BOOK PROJECTS
accurate to within 0.1 degrees. Submersible probe
on 3 metre lead. Kit includes punched and printed
case Save on energy bills by improved control of
your hot water system Also ideal for greenhouse,
1991 CATALOGUE ADVENTURES WITH ELECTRONICS
The classic Easy to Follow book suitable for all ages. Ideal
soil temperature and aquarium control.Complete
kit includes thermostat and probe, mains power
AVAILABLE PRICE for beginners. No soldering, uses an S -DEC breadboard.
Gives clear instructions with lots of pictures. 16 projects -
supply and relay output. PCB's and punched and
printed case. £1.00 INC. P&P including three radios, siren, metronome, organ, intercom,
KIT REF 841 KIT PRICE £29.95 timer, etc. Helps you learn about electronic components
and how circuits work. Component pack includes an S -DEC
D.C. MOTOR GEARBOXES breadboard and all the components for the series.
STEPPING MOTORS ADVENTURES WITH ELECTRONICS £5.25
COMPONENT PACK (less book) £22 83
3 BAND
WIPP if
"NIP
/1/
NM IN
11
I/ LOCK
EE MAR '91 VARIABLE wit
Digital combination lock with a 12 key keypad. 4 digit BENCH 25V 2.5A11,,
code operates 250V -16A SPCO relay. A special
SHORT WAVE RADIO anti -tamper circuit allows the relay to be mounted POWER SUPPLY
EE AUG 87 remotely from the keypad without any loss of security.
EE FEB 88
Covers 1.6-30 MHz in 3 bands using modern Can be operated in many modes (latching/unlatching,
manual/automatic setting, continuous/momentary A superb design giving 0.25V and 0-2 5A. Twin
miniature coils. Audio output is via a built-in output. etc.). Article describes operation as Vehicle panel meters indicate Voltage and Current.
loudspeaker. Advanced design gives excellent Immobilising security system. Low current drain Voltage is variable from zero to 25V. A Toroidal
stability, sensitivity and selectivity. Simple to Kit includes drilled case
transformer MOSFET power output device, and
build. KIT REF 840 £19.86 Quad op -amp IC design give excellent
KIT REF 718 £30.30 performance.
KIT REF 769
ACOUSTIC 4 CHANNEL
PROBE LIGHT
DIGITAL FREQUENCY EE NOV '87
A very popular woject CHASER
200 MHz METER which picks up vibrations by .1
EE NOV 86 means of a contact probe EE Jan '90
An 8 digit meter reading from AF up to 200 MHz and passes them onto a pair A 1000W per channel chaser with zero volt
in two ranges. Large 0.5" Red LED display. Ideal of headphones cr an switching, hard drive, inductive load capability,
for AF and RF measurements. Amateur and C.B. amplifier. Sounds from engines, watches and mic sound sensor and sophisticated 'beat'
frequencies. speech travelling through wallscan be amplified detector. Chase steps to music or auto when
and heard clearly. Useful for mechanics, quiet. Variable speed and mic. sens. LED mimic
KIT REF 563
instrument engineers and nosey parkers! on front panel. Switchable for 3 or 4 channels.
P552 output. Ideal for rope lights, pir spots, disco
KIT REF 740
£20.01 and display lighting.
KIT REF 833
MICROCONTROL LER
.inaltaxe LIGHT SEQUENCER
EE
7 EE DEC '90
A superb kit with pre -drilled painted and silk screer
EQUALISER printed case for a really professional finish. This kit
uses a microcortroller I.C. to generate 8 -channel EPROM
EE MAY '87
A mains powered Ioniser with an output of
light sequences.. Sequences are selected by keypad
from over 100 stored in memory. Space for 10 user
ERASER
negative ionsthat give a refreshing feeling to the programmed sequences up to 16 steps long also
EE OCT '88
surrounding atmosphere. Negligible current available. 1000 watts per channel, zero volt
switching, inductive load capability. Opto-isolated Safe low-cost ur it capable of erasing up to four
consumption and all -insulated construction for total safety. Many other features. EPROM's simultaneously in less than twenty
ensure that the unit is safe and economical in Complete kit includes case, PCBs, minutes. Operates from a 12V supply. Safety
use. Easy to build on a simple PCB. all components and hardware. interlock. Convenient and simple to build and
KIT REF 707 KIT REF 838 use.
KIT REF 790
EE TREASURE
HUNTER SUPERHET BROADCAST
LIGHT RIDERS EE AUG '89 RECEIVER
EE OCT '86 A sensitive pulse induction
Three projects under one title-all simulations of Metal Detector. Picks up EE MAR '90
the Knight Rider lights from the TV series. The coins and rings etc., up to __- #."? At last, an easy to build SUPERHET A.M. radio
three are a lapel badge using six LEDs, a larger 20cms deep. Low "ground kit . Covers Long and medium Wave bands. built
LED unit with 16 LEDs and a mains version effect". Can
Can be used with in loudspeaker with 1 watt output. Excellent
search -head underwater. sensitivity and selectivity provided by ceramic I.F.
capable of driving six main lamps totalling over
Easy to use and build, kit
filter. Simple alignment and tuning without
500 watts.
special equipment. Kit available less case, or with
includes search -head, handle, case, PCB and all
KIT REF 559 CHASER LIGHT £15.58 pre-cut and drilled transparent plastic panels and
parts as shown.
dial for a striking see-through effect.
KIT REF 560 DISCO LIGHTS £22.41 KIT REF 815 £17.16
Including headphones £45.95 KIT REF 835
KIT REF 561 LAPEL BADGE £11.65
ELECTRONICS it LTD
418 Evcrlthil Electronics-lull. /99 /
Editorial Offices:
EVERYDAYELECTRONICS EVERYDAY ELECTRONICS EDITORIAL,
6 CHURCH STREET, WIMBORNE,
DORSET BH21 1JH
Phone: Wimborne (0202) 881749
Fax: (0202) 841692. DX: Wimborne 45314.
See notes on Readers' Enquiries below - we regret
INCORPORATING ELECTRONICS MONTHLY that lengthy technical enquiries cannot be answered over
the telephone.
Advertisement Offices:
The No.1 Magazine for Electronic & Computer Projects EVERYDAY ELECTRONICS ADVERTISEMENTS,
HOLLAND WOOD HOUSE, CHURCH LANE,
VOL. 21 No. 7 JULY '91 GREAT HOLLAND, ESSEX C013 OJS
Phone (0255) 850596
ULTRASONIC
PROXIMITY METER
CHRIS WALKER
Experimental project that can be Applications are numerous and include:
customised to individuals own Fluid level measurement. In this use the
sensor would be mounted at the top
requirements. Applications include of a tank, directed downwards so that
the ultrasound is reflected off the sur-
personnel proximity detector and face of the liquid. The display would
motorist's parking aid directly show the fluid level and could
also warn of overflow or low-level con-
ditions.
ELECTRONIC distance measuring cribed here consists of a sensor unit and a Personnel proximity detector. For
devices using an ultrasonic sound display unit linked by a cable which can be detecting people standing near to a
beam are readily available at d.i.y. several metres long. The display is made door or shop counter etc.
stores these days. Featuring a digital up of a row of eight light emitting diodes
forming a "dot" bargraph which shows the Proximity detector for robotic systems.
readout in a choice of metric or imperial
units, they claim to make measuring a distance between the sensor unit and any Parking aid for the motorist. With
cinch by eliminating the need for a helper "sound -reflecting" surface. the sensor unit mounted low on the
to hold the other end of the tape. The maximum range, i.e. the distance at garage wall, this device should allow
In the authors experience, these which the eighth I.e.d. lights up, is adjus- the driver to position the car close to
ultrasonic measurers are a contrivance of table from about 2m down to 0.1m (the the wall without modifying the smooth
limited practical use. They can only shorter range giving higher display resolu- contours of the bodywork!
measure to a relatively large sound - tion). In addition to a visual display, the
reflecting object and the user can never be
sure that the reading displayed corresponds
unit can be made to act as a proximity
switch to sound an alarm or operate a relay
REVERSING
to the object in question. Reflections from when one particular I.e.d. switches on. METER
"foreign" objects are quite common. Many This project actually started its life as a
people end up fetching out the old steel reversing meter for the motorist. It was
tape to check the digital reading! APPLICATIONS intended to mount the sensor unit on the
Ultrasonic distance measurers do, how- The Ultrasonic Proximity Meter is vehicle's rear bumper so that the display
ever, have plenty of application in other designed as an open-ended project to be would indicate the distance to an object
fields. The Ultrasonic Proximity Meter des- customised to readers own requirements. behind when reversing. Like so many other
40k Hz
OSCILLATOR
FREQUENCY
:7\kADJUST
0.2ms
Sr STEM DIVIDE BY
MONOSTAB LE
OSC 21°
TRANSMITTER
/
ULTRASOUND
TARGET
AMPLIFIER
ENABLE OUTPUT RESET DEMODULATOR AND
JOHNSON LIP -FLO AND HIGH-PASS
COUNTER SCHMITT TRIGGER
FILTER
RECEIVER
BARGRAPH
!SPLAY
EE31COG
it was discovered that the transducers do many clock pulses are used to increment charges up via R7. With the values given
not operate very satisfactorily in freez- the counter which, in turn, decides which the voltage stays "high" for about 0.2ms.
ing winter temperatures. Constructors who I.e.d. in the bargraph becomes illuminated This pulse is used to pass the 40kHz
may like to use the Proximity Meter on the at the end of every cycle. carrier signal through NAND gate lC3a
outside of the car will have to overcome and an inverted version of the carrier signal
these problems.
CIRCUIT through gate IC3b. The antiphase outputs
from these two gates "push and pull" cur-
HOW IT WORKS DESCRIPTION rent through the ultrasonic transducer X1
The block diagram of the complete sys- The circuit diagram of the display unit is which is mounted in the sensor unit. Con-
tem is shown in Fig.!. Basically, the unit shown in Fig.2. One half of the dual oscil- nection to this unit is made via socket SK 1.
relies on the fact that sound waves travel lator ICI employs resistors RI and R2. The 0.2ms pulse is also used to reset the
at a speed of about 330m/s through air. preset potentiometer VRI and capacitor Johnson counter IC5 (pin 15) and, after
IC3d
40118E
12
IC3b
4011 BE Si IN 1C7
=pm C6 Mirk 22}1
tON 10 F F I
SKI/1
1 47n I 05K 1/3
R1
11,
3 SKI I 4
1D4
lk ADS
IC3c
40118E 4-
IC3c 105
R4 40118E 40179E
R2 4k7 C3
15k 03
IC1 194148 81
TLC55 VR2 II 14 90
100k
VR I R6
4k7
2
12k IC2
40206E
16 IC4d
4093 BE
12 10
04-1)11
R9 (See Text)
F5
DI IC4c 104
194148 40938E
4k7
In TR1 SKI/
BC548 EARTH TAG CC RB
SK1/5 Ttn 100k
EE3141G
quency divider IC2 is falling edge triggered. will cause pin 11 IC4d to go low and reset cause the outputs from the 4017 CMOS
Inverting the clock ensures that the whole the flip-flop, causing pin 4 IC4b to go high counter cannot supply more than a few
system stays synchronised. and inhibit counter IC5. milliamps for each l.e.d. The use of high
Pin 12 IC4d stays low whilst the zeroth brightness I.e.d's is, therefore, recom-
COUNTER ANO stage output from the counter (pin 3105) is mended.
DISPLAY high. This means that any ultrasound
received before the first increment of the REMOTE SENSOR
After the first clock pulse at pin 14 105 The circuit diagram of the Sensor Unit is
I.e.d. D4 lights, after the second pulse I.e.d. counter will be ignored. This is important,
otherwise sound picked up by the receiver shown in Fig.3. IC6 is a low noise, f.e.t.
D5 and so on up to I.e.d. DI I which lights input, quad operational amplifier package.
after the eighth pulse. If no target object is transducer directly from the transmitter
without first being reflected off the target Section IC6c is not used.
detected after this time, the ninth clock Op.amp section IC6d is wired as a volt-
pulse will cause the counter to increment to would cause the flip-flop to be immediately
its final state where pin 11 IC5 goes high. reset. age follower. It provides no voltage gain
Capacitors C5 to C7 decouple the power but it buffers the input signal from the
This pulls the INHIBIT pin (pin 13 IC5) receiver transducer X2. Op. amp IC6a,
high via diode D3 which stops the counter, supply lines and help to remove the glitches
which occur as the ultrasonic pulse is trans- resistors R I I and R12 and capacitor C8 act
preventing it from overflowing back to
.
as a high-pass filter/amplifier, providing a
zero. mitted and as the display I.e.d's turn on
and off. C5 is placed near the flip-flop and gain of 100 above a frequency of about
The counter can be stopped at any time 34k Hz.
prior to this by the returning ultrasound C6 and C7 close to the counter chip.
TRANSMITTER
PL1 /I
+9V OPL1/3
GOkHz CII
IC6 own 22k
PL1/1.
612
1M
PIN 4
IC6
-9V a"
RIG PIN 11 012 +
R11 CB 1804
C10 IN4140 IC7 ,_, L12
10k 470P
C9
104 I+
R13
RECEIVER 3k9 10
OHO
x2 PL PL 1/5
1.04Hz
SCREEN
OV
1-0PLI/Vo
IFE31420)
COMPONENTS
Approx cost
guidance only £25 Unit.
Resistors R13 and R14, IC6b and
Resistors Semiconductors capacitor C9 provide another stage of
R1, R3 1k (2 off) D1, D2, amplification for ultrasonic signals, result-
R2 15k D3, D12, ing in a further gain of 50. The output from
R4, R5 4k7 (2 off) *D13 1N4148 silicon diode (5 off) this stage (pin 7 IC6) is fed via a screened
D4 -D11 High brightness light
R6
R7
12k
33k
See emitting diode (8 off)
cable to plug PL1 which connects to socket
BC548 npn silicon
SKI in the Display Unit.
R8 100k 3B=OOP T R1
A negative supply generator IC7 creates
transistor
R9, R11
R10
10k (2 off)
68k TALK
Page
'TR2 TI P122 npn power a - 9V rail for the op -amps. Diode D12
and capacitor CI 2 are used by this chip.
R12 1M Darlington transistor
R13 3k9 IC1 TLC556 dual CMOS timer Capacitors CIO and CI I provide further
R14 180k IC2 40206E ripple counter decoupling and smoothing in the vicinity of
R15,1316 2k2 (2 off) IC3 4011BE quad NAND the amplifier circuits.
All 0.6W 1% metal film or IC4 4093BE quad NAND Schmitt
0.25W 5% carbon film
IC5
trigger
4017BE 10 -stage counter
CONSTRUCTION
IC6 TL074 quad f.e.t.-input op -amp The Ultrasonic Proximity Meter is built
Potentiometers on two printed circuit boards (p.c.b.$).
VR1 4k7 min preset, hone IC7 ICL7660 voltage converter
VR2 100k min preset, horiz.
These boards are available from the EE
Miscellaneous PCB Service, codes EE753 and EE754.
X1, X2 40kHz Ultrasonic transducer
Capacitors transmitter/receiver pair
The component layouts and full size
C1, C4, S1 Single -pole toggle switch copper foil master patterns are shown in
C9 1n polyester layer (3 off) PL1 5 -pin DIN plug Fig.4 and Fig.5. Note that the widths of
C2, C3 1 On polyester layer (2 off) SK1 5 -pin panel -mounting DIN both p.c.b.s are identical, so they can be
C5, C6 47n metallised polyester film socket manufactured as a single board and care-
(2 off) Plastic cases, size 116mm x 78mm x fully cut using a hacksaw after etching.
C7 22u axial elect., 25V 36mm and 72mm x 50mm x 25mm; 8 -pin Start construction by assembling the
C8 470p polystyrene d.i.l. socket;, 14 -pin d.i.l. socket (4 off);
C10 100µ axial elect., 35V
larger, Display Unit p.c.b., referring to
16 -pin d.i.l. socket (2 off); 4 -core individually Fig.4. Take care when soldering as very
C11 22µ radial elect., 25V screened cable; battery clip; 9V battery (see
C12 10µ radial elect., 63V text); flexible multi -coloured connecting wire; thin tracks pass between the i.c. pads in
'C13 4p7 axial/radial elect., 25V solder pins; solder etc. two places on this board and it is easy to
bridge across these.
Printed circuit boards available from EE PCB Service, codes EE753 and EE754. If you do make a mistake, excess solder
'Optional components for external add-on driver circuit, see Fig.6. can be removed either by holding the
D6
04
TO L.E.D.ANODES
AND COMMON C6
CATHODE
CONNECTION
05
D9
010 4
06
CATHODES BL ACK RE".
D7
DI1
BATTERr
CLIP Fig. 4. Printed circuit board component lay-
1EE314301 out and full size copper foil master pattern for
the Display Unit.
board horizontal with the track side down- out" the solder joint. Do not leave the iron The prototype Display Unit is housed in-
wards and applying the clean soldering on for long or the solder will run up the side an ABS box measuring about 116mm
iron bit so that solder runs off the track preset's leg. x 78mm x 36mm. Mount the eight I.e.d.'s
down the iron, or you can use a solder - D4 to DI I side -by -side in the lid of the box
sucker. Do not, however, rely too often on FLY/A/G LEADS along with the on/off switch SI . A 5 -pin
either method. The copper tracks are only Sixteen off -board flexible lead connec- DIN socket SKI is mounted in one end of
bonded to the fibreglass board with ad- tions have to be made to various other the box base.
hesive and they will soon lift off if excess components. It will be found most con- All the cathode (k) leads of the I.e.d's
heat is applied. venient, at this stage, if terminal pins are should be soldered together and connected
Some over -enthusiastic solder -suckers inserted into the p.c.b. for this purpose. to the "common" connection on the p.c.b.
also have a habit of devouring the tracks! The flying leads are later soldered to The cathode leads are marked by a small
The solder -sucker is a useful but rather these pins on the component side of the "flat" edge on the body of the device, but
harsh tool and it is best not to make board. Alternatively, you can solder about you will need to look closely for this before
mistakes in the first place. 10cm lengths of wire directly to the solder the I.e.d's are clipped into their plastic
Insert the two wire links onto the display pads but, using this technique, the wires panel -mounting clips.
p.c.b. and then solder in five d.i.l. sockets tend to break off if they are manipulated The eight anode leads are then linked to
for ICI to IC5. These sockets occupy most excessively. the p.c.b. in the order shown, D4 is the
holes on the p.c.b. and help the construc- Wiring to display diodes.
tor to orientate himself more easily on the
board and reduce the risk of putting the
other components in the wrong places.
All the other components can now be
added in any convenient order. The
electrolytic capacitor C7 has + and -
leads which must be located as shown.
Diodes DI to D3 must also be inserted
the correct way around. The cathode (k)
lead is marked by a thin band around the
diode body. These components are sensi-
tive to excess heat when soldering so avoid
frying them by keeping the iron on the joint
for no more than about three seconds. This
advice also applies to transistor TRI and
this component also has to be orientated
correctly with the flat side on its case ad-
jacent to resistor R9.
When soldering the two preset poten-
tiometers VR I and VR2 you may find that
it is difficult to prevent solder running
through the holes in the p.c.b. and up the
legs of the presets. The designer finds it best
to solder these devices in two stages.
First apply just enough solder to hold the
preset in place, allow the joints to cool and
then re -apply the iron and solder to "fill
PL1/5
PL1 BODY
)VIA SCREEN)
PL1 /3
SCREENED
CABLE TO
PL1
PL1 /4
PL1/1
CONNECTIONS
TO PL1
SCREEN CONNECTS
rEE314401 TO PLUG BODY
Fig 5 Printed circuit board component layout and full size (top
right) copper foil master pattern. The connections to the screened
link cable DIN plug are also shown.
"near" (minimum range) l.e.d. and DI 1 (right) The completed
is the "far" (maximum range) indicator. circuit board mounted
Like other semiconductors, I.e.d's can be in a small plastic
damaged with too much heat during sol- case. The ultrasonic
dering. transducers are glued to
The five i.c.s can now be inserted into one side panel and the
their sockets. All of them are CMOS screened lead is held in
devices and, although they are quite the recess by the lid.
robust, they are susceptible to damage
from static electricity. Discharge your body tion on the circuit board with their iden-
by touching an "earthed" object before tification notches positioned as shown. under the cable grip and squeezing the
handling the chips and then try not to In the prototype the battery was held jaws of the cable grip around the screen
touch their pins. in place inside the box with a doubled - and cable using pliers. The four cores are
On new i.c.s the two rows of pins are sided sticky pad. The p.c.b. was sufficiently connected to the plug as shown in Fig.5.
usually splayed out too wide to fit in the anchored by its own flying leads. At the other end of the cable, two of the
sockets and they require gentle bending by cores connect directly to XI, the transmit-
pressing the entire row on a hard, flat sur- SENSOR UNIT ter transducer. Polarity of this transducer is
face. All five devices lie in the same direc- Assemble the Sensor Unit p.c.b. accord- not important. The remaining two cores
ing to Fig.5. Use d.i.l. sockets for the two and the screen connect to the p.c.b. as
Layout of components inside Display i.c.s and carefully ensure that the three shown. Insert the two i.c's into their sock-
case showing wiring to the DIN socket. electrolytic capacitors, CIO to C12, are ets at the end of assembly.
orientated correctly along with the diode
D12. TESTING and
The prototype sensor is housed in a plas-
tic case measuring 72mm x 50mm x 25mm.
ADJUSTMENTS
To test that the Ultrasonic Proximity
The ultrasonic transducers X1 and X2 are
Meter is working correctly, plug the sensor
glued onto the outside of this case with cable into the DIN socket, connect a
their leads protruding through small holes battery and switch SI on. Turn the two
drilled in the side panel. The centres of the
display presets VR1, VR2 to about mid -
transducers should be positioned between position and point the Sensor Unit away
4cm and 5cm apart. from any close objects.
It is important to identify which It should be possible to see all eight
transducer is the transmitter and which is I.e.d.s briefly flash about once every second
the receiver as they are electrically
each time an ultrasonic pulse is trans-
different. Your component supplier should mitted. If nothing happens go back and
be able to tell you which one is which. check all your work; soldering, component
The receiver, X2, is linked to the sensor location and interwiring.
p.c.b. by two very short lengths of wire no If l.e.d. D4 stays on even when the
more than 3cm long. The "earth" connec- Sensor is far from any object then it is
tion of the transducer (that is the one con-
possible that ultrasound from X I is pass-
nected to its metal case) goes to OV on the ing directly to X2 and causing the latter
circuit board. to resonate for a short time after the
SCREENED 0.2ms pulse is transmitted. This problem
can usually be solved by wrapping X1
CABLE in sound absorbing foam rubber. Self-
A 4 -core individually screened cable adhesive draught -excluding strip is useful
links the display and sensor units. Attach for this purpose. For some reason, al-
a 5 -pin DIN plug to one end of the cable. though I am not sure why, this difficulty
The screen in the cable connects to the seems more acute at very low tempera-
metal body of the plug by trapping it tures.
D13 LOAD
1N4146
OUTPUT EXTERNAL
R16 POWER
FROM
ICS 2k2 252 SUPPLY
FROM
PROXIMITY TR2
METER C13 T I P122
p
OV OV
I EE 31452
Front panel layout of the Display Unit. Fig. 6. External output driver circuit diagram.
Now turn VR2 fully anticlockwise and
place the Sensor about 2m in front of a
OUTPUT DRIVER sary to boost the low current sourcing
ability of the CMOS output from 105.
large reflecting surface such as a wall. Any one or more outputs from the Capacitor CI3 smooths out the brief
VRI should be adjusted to bring the Johnson counter 105 can be used to "drop -outs" which occur every time the
transducers into resonance so that the operate a relay or warning device etc. For ultrasound pulse is transmitted and diode
Proximity Meter reliably detects the wall example, if the Ultrasonic Proximity Meter DI 3 removes any high -voltage back e.m.f
at its maximum range. VRI needs no is used to monitor the level of water in a which could be generated when inductive
further adjustment, but VR2 can now tank then one output can be used to switch loads (e.g. relay coils) are switched off.
be set to give the required operating on a solenoid water valve to replenish the The transistor can safely switch load
range/display resolution. tank contents if the level drops too low. In voltages up to about 24V d.c. at a maxi-
Target detection is most efficient when addition, another output can be made to mum current of 5A. Since, in use, the
the surface of the object is perpendicular sound an alarm if the level becomes too transistor is either switched off or fully on,
to the sensors, and hard surfaces are more high. it should not dissipate much power. but
reflective than soft ones: a liquid surface An add-on circuit used to drive an out- heatsinking may be necessary if the device
is an excellent reflector. As mentioned put device is shown in Fig.6. Note that the is run close to its limits.
towards the beginning of this article, the relevant I.e.d. must be disconnected and re- Readers wishing to control higher
transducers are not waterproof so unshel- placed by this circuit. currents/voltages or a.c. loads should use
tered outdoor operation of the sensors is Transistor TR2 is a Darlington device this circuit to drive a relay coil and then use
not recommended. v.hich provides the eery high gain neces- the relay contacts to switch the load. CI
---J*1-..--.J*,----1-1.---
r aft MIT
MO-
2 2Nol OM
3 Paley
.2ItiliG
..
'''
pe,
.....
'''' 2..
I.
'
Runs on
PC/XT/AT/286/386 with
Here, CGA, EGA or VGA.
Design Single sided,
'
0
-----
Pal., o2.--,.=
low
. ., I cia
:f4,
IN. Double sided and Multi-
layer boards.
.-
. 2.5
K2 MK
ONO --,
2 Rely
Provides Surface Mount
-
meg
OM lei. Cl
"-- Ucc
support.
-------__ '''''4 ., 1 eSn '2^ _t7'
..2 323
01/17
l" 1 Standard output includes
r,',3 Dot Matrix / Laser / Inkjet
z:!: lir. '!JrWI! i n er s Pn PPlotters,
.. Pon Uw It WO we %el 10 OM 22 D. r. 0 On n .1 Maw Photo-plotterst andlotte
Drill.
At last! A full featured Digital Circuit Simulator for
less than £1000!
u m
Award winning EASY -PC
is in use in over 8000 in-
Pulsar allows you to test your designs without the ..) 1 ") 0. IA stallations in 50 Coun-
I dEasy
11,:iotsruiepseWrbolyr World -Wide.
i
need for expensive test equipment.
Catch glitches down to a pico second per week!
Superbly easy to learn and use. -%.111 IP _ Not Copy Protected.
Runs on PC/XT/AT/286/386/486 with EGA or VGA. Options - 1000 piece symbol library - £38.00
Not Copy protected. Gerber Import facility £98.00
VALVES
Before very long thermionic valves had su-
perseded crystal sets, and the weekly ritual
to the "electric shop" to get one's batteries
charged became commonplace.
In the RAF museum at Cranwell, the first
Services radio receiver was preserved; it was a
crystal receiver.
Components were fitted with terminals in
twoiww,A
TALK
transducers are usually advertised as pairs
and MUSTbe purchased as such.
It is important to identify which
transducer is the transmitter and which is
the receiver (usually marked with a T and
R) as they are electrically different. Consult
your supplier if in any doubt.
with David Barrington The two printed circuit boards for this
drives the siren, flashing beacon and in- project are available as a pair from the EE
Police Car -Simple Model Series dicators, may prove difficult to locate. If this PCB Service, codes EE753(Display) and
The new "model making" series com- is the case then Maplin can supply, code EE754 (Sensor), see page 468.
mencing this month will have a wide appeal WQ39N (LM3909 LED Flash/Osc.), and it
across a broad spectrum of our readers and Teach -In '91
is also currently listed by Cirkit, Green - This month, it looks as though the semi-
it combines two interesting hobbies in weld and Omni to name but a few.
one - namely electronics and models. conductor devices could possibly cause
There will be whimsical models and realistic Disco Lighting System Modular followers of the Teach -In '91 series, Design
scale models. So if you have some model We do not expect any component buying Your Own Circuits, certain local supply
makers amongst your friends who would problems to be encountered by construc- difficulties.
like an easy "hands-on" introduction to tors of the Masterlink, this month's Disco The only listing for the MC3041 triac
electronics - pass the word around! Lighting System module. opto-isolator, with internal "zero crossing"
Assembly and wiring of the electronics is The metal instrument case for this mod- circuit, used in the Disco Lights Controller
by the use of the Easiwire wire -wrapping ule is the same for all modules in the series and Solid -State Switch Module is from
system, which means no soldering. The and is the Maplin Blue case 233, code Electromail (126 0536 204555) code
models and circuits are built up on printed XY84C. Other cases can be used but they 301-628. Maplin carry a very similar device,
card, which can be obtained from the must be of the same dimensions or greater but it has not been tested in the model.
Editorial Offices for the sum of £2 (includ- and be METAL. It is also essential that the The 600V 8A triac type BTA08-600B is
ing postage) for the Police Car (other case be "earthed". also listed by the above company and
models prices to be announced as each one The printed circuit board is available from Maplin, code UK54J. The mounting tab is
is published). You can, of course, photostat the EE PCB Service, code EE752. isolated from the pins, so no mounting
the published diagrams on to your own kit is required. The IEC 6A chassis filter
12V NiCad Charger plug, with integral fuseholder, is stocked by
card. The adjustable voltage regulator type
To help with assembly, Greenweld Electromail, code 210-291, and listed at
L200 called for in the 12V NiCad Charger £10.99.
Electronic Components (IIP 0703 appears in most components catalogues
236363) and Bull Electrical (VP 0273 The printed circuit boards are available
and should not be difficult to locate locally. from the EE PCB Service, see page 468.
203500) are putting together complete kits Be careful when mounting the heatsinks on
of parts, including printed cards, as each The Disco Lights Controller boards are
the regulators as the metal "tabs" are also coded EE755 (PSU/MIC. Preamp.) and
model appears. The first in the series is the connected to the ground pin 3.
Police Car, with siren, flashing beacon and EE756 (Low, Mid, High, Filter/Triac; three
The combination of battery holder(s) for boards). The Solid State Switch p.c.b. is
indicators, and a kit will cost £5.95 plus £1 the NiCads will depend on battery size used
postage. - See Special Offer page 438. coded EE757.
and will have to be adapted and soldered
The above mentioned companies have together as required. The one in the model PLEASE TAKE NOTE
large stocks of Easiwire solderless wiring takes ten AA size in two groups of five, Three -Transistor Tremolo Unit
packs and have agreed to make these one above the other, and is listed as a 12V (April 91)
available to EE readers who order kits from NiCad Battery Box. For the circuit of the Three -Transistor
them. If you purchase any one single kit an It is most important, for safety Tremolo to function correctly, it has been
Easiwire pack will set you back just £5. considerations, 3A minimum rating found that the I.e.d. D1 MUST be the low
However, if you are prepared to order four cable be used where indicated. current (2mA) type.
or more of the kits listed they will supply a Also, to avoid
Easiwire kit FREE When the wire -wrap kit
was first introduced to the UK market by
BICC-Vero they were advertised at £15,
any possibility
of short circuits
Build or Upgrade your own
across the copper
including postage.
For those readers who wish to go their
tracks, the circuit
board should be
I.B.M Compatible
own way, all the components for the Police mounted using
Car appear to be standard off -the shelf MOTHERBOARDS CASES
nylon fixings and
items, with the exception of the high have insulating 28612Mhz up to 4Mb £85.00 Flip Top case with PSU. £65.00
intensity light emitting diode (I.e.d.). The material, such as 386 25Mhz up to 8Mb De -Luxe AT case with speed dis-
only source we have been able to locate, cardboard, taped Special offer till 1st July .. £369.00 play and PSU. £92.50
apart from above, which lists a Yellow I.e.d. to the bottom of 386 33Mhz up to 8Mb .... £660.00
with the correct specification (30mcd) is De Luxe Mini tower case with
the metal case (64k cache) speed display and PSU... £97.50
Electromail (11IP 0538 204555), the mail below the board.
order arm of RS Components. This is 486 25Mhz up to 32Mb .. POA (flip top case accepts baby boards
Ultrasonic 'phone for the latest memory price. only, all others accept any board.)
quoted as stock code 587-844.
It may be possible to use an Ultrabright Proximity Meter
or Superbright I.e.d., but they have NOT We can- HARD DRIVES
DRIVES
been tried in the model. These seem to have not foresee FLOPPY DRIVES
a higher rating, but only Red versions ap- any component Seagate
5.25' 1.2Mb Floppy drive ..£50.00
pear to be stocked by advertisers. problems when 44Mb IDE 28ms 3.5' £140.00
3.5' 1.44Mb Fbppy drive .. £50.00
It is quite possible that in some areas, the shopping for parts 89Mb IDE 19Ms 3.5' £245.00
LM3909 I.e.d. flasher/oscillator chip, which for the Ultrasonic All Seagate drives now come a
CARDS
one year swap out warranty.
A- 16 Bit VGA 256k £65.00
LYS ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS 741 op amp 5 for .90
BOOKS 16 Bit VGA 1024k £130.00
555 TIMER 5 for £1.00 IDE HDD/FDD controller, 2 serial & 1
7805 + V.REG .40 7905 -V.REG .35 PC Configuration Hndbk £21.95 parallel ports, games port .. £32.50
7812 + V.REG .40 7912 -V.REG .35
LM317 ADJ REG .50 LM337 ADJ REG .50 Programmers Reference /
ZENER DIODES 400mW ALL AT .05 EACH Manual for the IBM PC .... £22.35
MONITORS
HORIZ/VERT CARBON PRESETS .12 EACH Catalogue free
'/.W 5% CARBON RESISTORS 0.1 each (100).60 (1000) £5.50 any mix
1/2W 5% CARBON RESISTORS 0.2 each (100) 10 (1000) £7.50 any mix PC Assembly Handbook .. £6.75 Samsung 14' mono VGA £95.00
5mm RED LED .08 GREEN .08 YELLOW .09 (Our practicle guide to making Tystar 14' SVGA colour .. £250.00
DIL SOCKETS L/PROFILE 8 pin .03 14 pin .05 16 pin .06 18 pin 0.7 20 pin .08 (1024 x 768)
DIL SWITCHES 2 way .40 4 way .60 10 way .90
your own IBM compatible)
4-
LM3914 BARGRAPH DRIVER £3.40
R.F. COAX (ANTI MICROPHONIC) 75 OHM RANGE OUTER SHEATH This is just a small sample of our range. We have many other parts and
(Normally £3.00 mtr) ONLY .90 MTR 100 MTR £60.00 books available, Including modems, network cards, software. printers
DIGITAL FREQUENCY METER KIT 2 RANGES 0-30MHZ/25-1000MHZ etc.., Complete machines also supplied. Full detail: In our catalogue,
COMPLETE INC 3 PCB'S (EXC. METALWORK) £83.60 write or call for your copy now. All our parts come with a one year
ANALOGIC PROBE KIT (EXC. CASE) £9.80 warranty and are fully tested before despatch. All prices Plus VAT
We have one of the largest ranges of used test equipment inc: Scopes.
Analysers, Multimeters, Signal Generators, AF Bridges etc.
All by leading manufacturers. E.G. Philips PM3217 50 MHz Scope £300 Knowles & 43 Victoria Avenue
For details on any of the above contact Hull, HU5 3DN.
LYS Electronic Components,10Westbrook Road, Portchester, Hants P016 9NS
Tel: (0705) 386550 Tel:/Fax: (0705) 388303 (24 hrs) Associates Telephone: 0482 448224
DISCO LIGHTS
CONTROLLER
MIKE TOOLEY BA
This companion project to our work on the filterltriac hoards when the unit
circuit design series features a is "live" and connected to the mains supply.
LOA
MIC. MICROPHONE
INPUT PREAMPLIFIER
MIC
AUX
AUX 0
INPUT
MIDGLF
POWER
AC SUPPLY
MAINS
,>,..
E,,,,..
'HIGH
PRE- AMP /POWER SUPPLY COMPARATORS
BOARD
FILTERS RECTIFIER/
HOLD CIRCUTS
FILTER/TRIAC BOARDS
t EE31620 I
9106
16E0 I 22108
11- 4.67 DI r 56
22104
22k 101kii
I
CSRIO1 R1111
R102 0 P101
[Lew TENS I 8107 Braoe 01
10k 4k7 470
105 2 4 -6008
16 2129
11 4
R12,2
oloi8 1C102
Lm31I
w L
1C103
2..112
0102
IC101 0A91 8105 MDC 3041
01 TL071
jzi c106 C107
I n 0101 106
407 1 1006
0A91
T
2108
1006
9309 21,
IC301 c01 1c,302 330
P303 11071 m311 1C303 O
22k 0302.
OAR I 305 112306 ^33 MOD 3041
11301
0p
08910 ,K 3
T'°6 ID
2308
0402 9
47p
1600T
-i 'M IC GAIN'
I 3 NiOFF
VR40
C403 100k Si,,
{MIT INPJ11 8403 16
44701 .0
120V 1
sK2)-e-IFW-6- 2404 =7 1
-I
LT01 1 i
I OL
1
I I
(1 2122 ,3 m
mm
IC401C1 IC401b i
I I
000 ri
TL072 TL072 06
1 1 _
____-
R40 R404 9405 15n
1209 1
476 100k 10k
205 d 1
1
1262 0000
1.3m I
1-1 T
i ,
1 ON
10007 0
0
001'0
,316461 Sib
OE
4.11.1
COMPONENTS
Low channel filter/triac p.c.b. C207 100p radial elect. 16V Semiconductors
C208 100p radial elect. 16V D301 0A91
Resistors C209 22n 1000V polypropylene 0302 0A91
R101 10k (rated for 350V con- IC301 TL071
R102 10k tinuous a.c. operation) IC302 LM311
R103 not fitted IC303 MOC3041
R104 22k Semiconductors CSR301 BTA08-600B
R105 4k7 D201 0A91
R106 4k7 D202 0A91 Miscellaneous
R107 470 IC201 TL071 PL301, PL302 3 -way straight p.c.b.
R108 56 0.5W 5% IC202 LM311 header (0.1" pitch)
R109 330 0.5W 5% IC203 MOC3041 PL304 5 -way straight p.c.b.
R110 100 0.5W 5% CSR01 BTA08-600B header (0.1" pitch)
All 0.25W ± 5% unless otherwise stated PL303 2 -way p.c.b.
Miscellaneous mounting screw
Potentiometers PL201, PL202 3 -way straight p.c.b. terminal
VR101 1k miniature horizontal header (0.1 inch Printed circuit board available from
pre-set pitch) the EE PCB Service order code EE756;
P L204 5 -way straight p.c.b. T0220 clip -on heatsink (24 deg.C/W);
Capacitors header (0.1 inch 6 -pin low -profile d.i.l. socket (1 off);
C101 10n polyester pitch) 8 -pin low -profile d.i.l. sockets (2 off)
C102 not fitted PL203 2 -way p.c.b. mount-
C103 not fitted ing screw terminal Power supply/preamplifier.
C104 1 On polyester Printed circuit board available from p.c.b.
C105 1p polyester layer the EE PCB Service, order code EE756;
C106 10p radial elect 16V T0220 clip -on heatsink (24 deg.C/W); Resistors
C107 100p radial elect. 16V 6 -pin low -profile d.i.l. socket (1 off);
8 -pin low -profile d.i.l. sockets (2 off) R401 47k
C108 100p 16V radial elect. 16V R402 47k
C109 22n 1000V polypropylene R403 220k
(rated for 350V con- R404 100k
tinuous a.c. operation) High channel filter/triac p.c.b. R405 10k
All 0.25W ± 5%
Semiconductors Resistors
D101 0A91 R301 not fitted Potentiometers
D102 0A91 R302 not fitted VR401 1k miniature horizontal
IC101 TL071 R303 22k pre-set
IC102 LM311 R304 22k
IC103 MOC3041 R305 4k7
CSR101 BTA08-600B R306 4k7
Capacitors
C401 1p polyester layer
R307 470 C402 47p polystyrene
Miscellaneous R308 56 0.5W 5% C403 1p polyester layer
PL101, PL102 3 -way straight R309 330 0.5W 5% C404 1000µ axial elect. 25V
header (0.1 inch R310 100 0.5W 5% C405 1 000p axial elect. 25V
pitch) All 0.25W ± 5% unless otherwise stated
PL104 5 -way straight p.c.b.
header (0.1 inch Potentiometers Semiconductors
VR301 1k miniature horizontal pre- IC401 TL072
pitch) D401 -D404 1.6A bridge rectifier (e.g.
PL103 2 -way p.c.b. set
mounting screw SKB2/02L5A)
terminal Capacitors
Printed circuit board available from C301 not fitted
the EE PCB Service, order code EE756; C302 10n polyester Miscellaneous
T0220 clip -on heatsink (24 deg.C/W); C303 10n polyester PL401, PL402, 5 -way straight p.c.b.
6 -pin low -profile d.i.l. socket (1 off); C304 not fitted PL403, PL405 headers (0.1 inch
8 -pin low -profile d.i.l. sockets (2 off) C305 1p polyester layer pitch)
C306 10p radial elect. 16V PL405 3 -way straight p.c.b.
C307 100µ radial elect. 16V header (0.1 inch
pitch)
Mid channel filter/triac p.c.b. C308 104 radial elect. 16V
Printed circuit board available from the
C309 22n 1000V polypropylene
(rated for 350V con- EE PCB Service, order code EE755; 8 -pin
Resistors low -profile d.i.l. socket
R201 not fitted tinuous a.c. operation)
R202 22k
R203 not fitted Off -board components
R204 22k
R205 4k7
R206 4k7 Miscellaneous See
R207 470 D1 Red panel mounting I.e.d. (with bezel)
R208 56 0.5W 5% D2 Green panel mounting I.e.d. (with bezel) aROP)
D3 Amber panel mounting I.e.d. (with bezel)
R209
R210
330 0.5W 5%
100 0.5W 5% S1 D. P. D.T. mains rocker switch (illuminated) TALK
S2 D.P.S.T. miniature toggle switch Page
All 0.15W ± 5% unless otherwise stated.
T1 12VA mains transformer with 240V a.c. primary
and two secondary windings each rated at 9V 0.6A
Potentiometers VR1 10k log. potentiometer and pointer knob
VR201 1k miniature horizontal pre- SK1, SK2 Chassis mounting phono sockets (2 off)
set SK3 8 -way non -reversible mains socket (and matching plug)
0.25 inch push -on blade receptacles (and covers) (11 off); Enclosure (to suit in-
Capacitors dividual constructor's preference - but see text); 10mm plastic p.c.b. fixing pillars with
C201 not fitted self -tapping No. 6 fixing crews (8 off); 3 -way straight 0.1 inch pitch p.c.b. "free" connec-
C202 10n polyester tors (7 off); 5 -way straight 0.1 inch pitch p.c.b. "free" connectors (5 off); IEC 6A chassis
C203 not fitted plug (with filter and fuseholder - see note); 5A 20mm quick -blow mains fuse; Mounting
C204 10n polyester nuts and bolts, transformer frame earthing tag and front and rear panel (3 off);
C205 1p polyester layer (Note: Whilst not essential, the use of an I EC 6A chassis filter plug (FL1) with integral
C206 10p radial elect. 16V fuseholder is strongly recommended for use with this project.)
Approx cost
guidance only £65 plus crsP
IC402
PL402 9401 9404
1.-04405
5
PL 405
D401 -0404
PL 03 C405
ti 19403
IC401
VR4.01
--(R402 1-
Fig 4. Preamplifier/
power supply p.c.b.
copper foil and com-
ponent layout.
CN-0-43-or-D/ EE 755
1--2-° 8 8 8
0-0 0 0 0
CONSTRUCTION
Construction of the Disco Lights Con-
troller is relatively straightforward. With
the exception of the front and rear panel
mounted components and the mains trans-
former, all of the components are as-
sembled on four single -sided printed circuit
boards. One of these boards is used for
the power supply and pre -amplifier whilst
Fig. 5. Filter/triac p.c.b. copper foil layout the remainder contain the active filters,
comparators, opto-isolators and triacs as-
sociated with each of the three channels.
R106 PL103 The copper foil and component layout
PL1 02
of the preamplifier/power supply printed
R,01 R1G2 ro. I circuit board is shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 5
PL1
1C103
C109 R110 j- shows the copper foil layout of each of the
0106
IC101
CIFF'9 R108 j-
059101 filter/triac printed circuit boards. Note that
the same copper Oil layout is used for all
E -,R104
1-*
9107
0-i 910 9 G
three channels.
The component side layout for each of
0106 it p 6-1=711 C1013 C107
the filter/triac boards is shown in Fig. 6a, b
0105
D102 and c. Note that, by virtue of the different
PL104 filter arrangements employed, not all of the
components are fitted on each channel.
Components should be assembled on the
Fig. 6(a). "Low" range filter; triac p.c.b. layout. four printed circuit boards in the follow-
ing sequence; p.c.b. headers, p.c.b. screw
terminals (if required), d.i.l. sockets, pre-
R206 PL 203 set resistors, resistors, capacitors, and tri-
R202
0-( 1-*
PL 202
acs. As with all of our projects, it is vi-
PL 201 09201
C202 tally important to ensure that all of the
1'203
--4 R210 1- components are correctly located. Further-
more, in the case of the polarised com-
1C201 CSR201
1.\-1 C204 111 C709 --LR 28 j- ponents (such as the electrolytic capacitors,
-{R204 integrakd circuits and triac) it is absolutely
610 19 R207 -1 0209 1- essential11o ensure that each component is
0206
jE 6-1=171'01 -1.0205 C206 C207 correctly rientated.
D202 ...!.1 When construction of the printed circuit
PL204 boards has . been completed (and before
inserting the integrated circuits into their
respective sockets) it is well worth carrying
Fig. 6(b). "Mid" range filter/triac p.c.b. layout. out a careful visual check of both the upper
and lower sides of the board. The up-
per (component) side of the printed circuit
9300 PL303
board should be ermined to ensure that the
PL 302 components have been correctly located
PL301
C302
VR301
1C302 1 whilst the lower (copper track) side of the
FE \-1 IC303 board should be checked to ensure that there
-{9303 j- E 6111`-'
I E
1) 0309
--1 R310 1181
CSR301 are no dry joints or solder bridges between
9 E --i R308 adjacent tracks. This simple precaution will
--4 3 0 4 }- only take a few minutes to carry out but can
---1 R309 1-- be instrumental in preventing much heart-
I,,)
R307
0306 --(R305 }-
1C30
-a=- D301
0302
C308 C307 ache at a later stage!
When assembly of the printed circuit
PL304 boards has been completed, the integrated
circuits should be inserted into their
holders (taking care to observe the correct
Fig. 6(c). "High" range filter/triac p.c.b. laybout orientation in each case).
0 0 0 GAIN ADJUST
1 Green
Blue
DI (anode)
DI (cathode)
3 n.c.
AC ON/OFF
INPUT SELECTOR P1.202
Green D2 (anode)
7 Blue D2 (cathode)
tEE316901 3 n.c.
PL302
Fig. 7 Recommended front panel layout.
Pin Colour Connection to:
Green D3 (anode)
A.C. MAINS Blue D3 (cathode)
3 n.c.
0
INPUTS U U PL103
1II
CJ WO
MIC. AUX.
00
lk Pin Colour Connection to:
FUSE
OUTPUT I Red SK3 2
2 Black TI (neutral) and PL203 2
P1.203
IEE31716j
Pin Colour Connection to:
Fig. 8. Recommended rear panel layout.
Red SK3 3
CASE
The Disco Lights Controller should
PL202 3 -way L.E.D.
output
indicator
from
I
"
9V OV 9V OV
SK3 (7)
PL103,203.303 12)
EARTH TAG
ELI
EARTH
TAG
PL103
PL2O3
11
60
PL303 SK3
EARTH
11I
0
Ti IL
EARTH
TAG
HIGH 02 EARTH
TAG
CIRCUIT BOARD
fuse should be fitted in the fuseholder but set controls until the all three l.e.d.s flash in by double -pole and stereo -ganged com-
the initial testing should be carried out sympathy with the music at the same set- ponents respectively.
without connecting the disco lights to the ting of VR I (some experimentation may be
unit. necessary here in order to find the optimum Additional channels
The variable gain control (VRI) should setting depending upon the signal source The Disco Lights Controller can also
be set to maximum -position whilst all three used). be very easily modified to provide addi-
pre-set variable resistors should be set to In order to test the microphone (low- tional channels by simply adding additional
mid -position. Connect the mains supply level) input facility, disconnect the signal filter/triac cards based on the mid -range
and switch the unit "on". The mains from the "auxiliary" input, switch the in- filter network. As an example, the recom-
indicator (integral within the mains rocker put selector to the "mic" position, and con- mended configuration for a fourth channel
switch) should be illuminated whilst all nect a dynamic microphone (of between 5k ("upper -mid" frequency range) involves:
three of the channel indicator I.e.d.s (DI, and 50k impedance) to the "microphone" C502 4n7
D2 and D3) should be extinguished. If this input (SK2). Place the microphone close to C504 4n7
is not the case, check SI, TI (primary), FL I the loudspeaker and adjust VR401 until the R502 27k
and associated wiring. channel indicator I.e.d.s produce a satisfac- R504 27k
Now measure the d.c. voltage across tory indication of the signal. All other components remain the same.
C404 and C405 (on the pre- Finally, connect the disco lights to the
amplifier/power supply p.c.b.). These unit and check that the lamps flash in sym- Stereo loudspeaker
voltages should be in the range + 12V to
+ 13.5V and -12V to -13.5V, respectively.
pathy with the music (and the channel in-
dicator I.e.d.$). The disco lights should be
signal combiner
In many practical applications it is
If this is not the case, check T1 (secondary), wired as follows: convenient to drive the Disco Lights
PL5 and associated wiring before checking Controller directly from a loudspeaker
Pin Connection
PL104, PL204, PL304 and each filter/triac output rather than from anywhere else.
p.c.b. in turn. Unfortunately, such an arrangement can
2 Channel 1 lamp(s) (neutral connection)
With no signal present, the settings of the pose problems where the amplifier output
3 Channel 2 lamp(s) (neutral connection)
three preset resistors should be ad- is stereo (i.e. there are two separate
4 Channel 3 lamp(s) (neutral connection)
vanced (turned clockwise) until each loudspeaker channels) and the Disco
7 Common (line) connection to all lamps
respective channel indicator I.e.d. becomes Lights Controller is only configured for
illuminated. Once this position has been
8 Earth
monooperation.
found, the respective control should be (NB: The total load on any channel should A stereo loudspeaker coupler that can be
backed -off slightly (anti -clockwise) until not exceed 300W) used to combine the "left" and "right"
the I.e.d. in question just becomes extin-
guished. If one (or more) l.e.d.s fail to 114001F/CATIONS channel oudspeaker outputs in order to
provide '2. composite (left/right) signal
become illuminated, leave the preset con- A number of modifications can be made which can tie fed to the auxiliary input of
trol in question at its most extreme in order to enhance the performance the the Disco Lights Controller is shown in
clockwise setting. of the basic Disco Lights Controller. Fig. 10. 7
Having checked the I.e.d. indicators and As always, the suggestions made here
adjusted the preset controls for maximum are provided as "food for thought" and RI
sensitivity, a signal should now be con- should make a starting point for fur- LEFT LS ADJUST
nected via the "auxiliary" input (SKI ). For ther development. Constructors are in- OUTPUT BALANCE
test purposes, the signal can be derived vited to report their own modifications to
directly from the loudspeaker of a small be incorporated in the Readers' Feedback 1 SIGNAL 1
portable radio or cassette player (leaving which will appear in the final part of our RIGHT LS TO SKI
the speaker connected so that the signal Design series. OUTPUT
R3 (AUX. INPUT)
can be heard). The input selector switch
should be placed in the "aux" position and Stereo Operation GROUND/
COMMON
8.2
10k
COMMON
VRI set to the minimum position. The Disco Lights Controller can be
Adjust the signal in the loudspeaker for very easily adapted for stereo operation EE311161
moderate volume and advance the setting by simply duplicating the circuit for left
of VRI, noting the point at which each of and right hand channels. A single mains
the three channel indicator I.e.d.s become transformer can be used (rated at 20VA) Fig. 10. Stereo loudspeaker signal
illuminated. Carefully adjust the three pre- whilst SI and VRI should be replaced combiner
Decoupling Pads card like the one in Fig.1 and Fig.2, but to been perfected and thoroughly tested. A
You will notice that there are pairs of pads leave the main area of the board blank ex- new stripboard can then be prepared and
above most of the d.i.l. clusters. These will cept for the 25 -way D -connector pads. A fitted to the card, which can be reused
take 100n ceramic decoupling capacitors, hole is then carefully drilled in each corner many times.
which are likely to be a necessity when of a suitable piece of stripboard. One useful refinement, but one which
using TTL devices on the board. In most Matching holes are then drilled in the has not yet been tried, would be to cut a
cases the pads will be found to connect to PC card so that the stripboard can be "window" in the card behind the piece
the right pins of the cluster, but in some bolted in place on the card. Use an extra of stripboard. The point of this is that
cases a bit of hard -wiring and (possibly) nut on each mounting bolt to act as a it would facilitate changes to the circuit
track cutting will be needed. short spacer between the card and the board without having to keep removing
This prototyping board is really only of- stripboard. and refitting it to the card.
fered as a starting point. It should actually The advantages of this method are that This would greatly speed things up, and
suit most PC prototyping quite well, but the board is more securely held in place, would make the card much more con-
if you are making your own boards there and there is no need to hold the stripboard venient to use. Also, provided the strip -
should be little difficulty in modifying it to at all when fitting and removing the card. board and "window" are not made too
suit your precise requirements. You might Provided you do not go at things in a "bull large, this method should not weaken the
prefer to have an extra 40 -pin socket and in a china shop" fashion, the stripboard card to the point where it is in danger of
fewer smaller sockets for example. should survive intact until the circuit has being broken in normal use.
Strip -O -Board
My initial approach to PC prototype
cards was to produce an edge connector
plus pads, much like that in Fig.1 and Fig.2,
but with only a small area of board above
this. The basic idea was to bolt a piece of
stripboard (or similar) to the edge connector.
The prototype circuit would then be built on
the stripboard, and wired up to the edge
connector.
Although basically a good idea, it
failed dismally in practice. The problem
is that stripboard is not particularly
strong. It is made from a thin s.r.b.p.
material, and not from heavy grade
fibreglass. Fitting and removing the card
tends to break the stripboard away from
the edge connector. The stripboard version of the DIY PC prototype card
A more successful approach is to make a
FLAW
POLICE chAR:,;:,.;_
OWEN BISHOP PROJECT 1
A novel series which combines In this series we use integrated
circuits as much as possible to
two hobbies in one - electronics keep the wiring simple and to cut
down on the size of the circuit
and model -making. Simple boards. Assembly by the Vero
Easiwire wire -wrapping system
electronics circuits combined means that model -makers need
not worry about soldering.
with easy- to -assemble models Circuit -boards made of card are
provided by us. They show where
wificover a wide range of all the components should go, so
there should be no problems with
interests. There will be whimsical getting everything to work first
time. All projects are battery -
models and realistic scale models. powered for safety.
Models are made of easily
There will be models for the handled materials such as
cardboard, plastic, modelling
railway enthusiast, miniature compound and other inexpensive
items that can be obtained from
furniture for the doll's house, and any modelling shop. You will also
need some adhesives and paints or
toys for all ages. The models that crayons.
Few tools are required other than
form the first six parts of the a pair of scissors, a steel ruler and a
craft knife.
series are; Rolice Car; Musical THis 1:20 scale model is based on the
Roundabout; Micro Micro; Vauxhall Cavalier SRI, which has a
2 -litre 4 -cylinder engine giving a top
Centurion Tank; Mini Microwave; speed of 125 mph, and an acceleration
from 0 to 60 in 8.9 seconds. The design
Christmas Novelty. shows the car trimmed in a general police
livery but you can eaily substitute that of
your local police force. The electronics
The first six models of the series. To give an idea of sca/e the police car is approxi- provides the car with four flashing yel-
mately 215mm long. low indicator lamps, a blue flashing roof
beacon, and a siren sound.
A.
ASSEMBLING THE
MODEL
You can either photostat the layout for
the car shown onto thin 400 g/m2 card or
send for the printed card - see components
box, Shop Talk and the Special Offer page.
Cut out the two sides and the
bonnet/roof/boot (BRB). Score (see box)
along the FF lines. Fold the sides slightly
along the FF line. Fold the flaps fully
inward at either end of the BRB and stick
them to the inside of the bumper area. This
is to give extra strength to these ends. Fold
the flaps along one side of the BRB at
right -angles and glue these to one side of
the car, folding the BRB where necessary.
When the glue is dry, attach the other side
in the same way.
It is preferable for the wheels to be made
of thicker card, if you wish you can stick
the wheel designs to another piece of card
(about 400g/m2) first to double the thick-
ness. Cut out and score the wheels. Fold
the double -flaps at right -angles and stick
REAR BUMPER
G75 WUD
FRONT BUMPER
F. FOLD
SIDE
SIMPLE MODEL E
POLICE CAIF F F
F
REAR BATTERY BOX SUPPORT
F F F
RADIATOR
BUMPER FRONT BATTERY SUPPORT
F
BONNET WINDSCREEN F ROOF
F
A
F
4411
Every* Electronics, July 1991
F F
U-
U-
F
F F F F
z
O
U-
U- co
WING MIRROR
CUT 2
G 75
WUD
REAR N° PLATE
WHEEL CUT 4
F F
44
Everyday Electronics, July 1991
to the inside of the wings. Cut out the
bumpers; fold the central flap back and SCORING
stick it to the inner surface of the bumper. Scoring makes it easier to bend the card neatly and sharply along a straight line. Place a
Bend the ends of the bumper gently to ruler along the line and either run a blunt knife along the line to squeeze the card thinner.
curve around the body. Then use a dab of or run a sharp craft knife very carefully along the line to cut the card for about one
glue on the central flap and the ends of the quarter of its thickness. The second technique gives the sharper edge. but there is the risk
bumpers to hold them in place on the body. of cutting too deeply and weakening the card at the fold. Practise on a scrap of card first.
Cut out the rear registration plate and
colour its background using a yellow high-
lighting pen. Stick the plate to the rear
panel of the body. Finally cut out and stick
the external rear view mirrors in position
on the front doors.
This completes the construction of the
model except for some internal fittings and
the lights. Before attempting these, we need
to assemble the electronics.
HOW IT WORKS
The indicator lamps and siren are driven
by a binary counter. The i.c. has an
integral oscillator circuit. With the com-
ponent values shown in Fig. I the clock
frequency is 20kHz. This frequency is
divided repeatedly by two in a chain of
flip-flops in the i.c. The lower frequencies
used in the circuit are:
Stage Frequency
4 I.25kHz
5 625Hz
13 2Hz
14 1Hz
Stages 4 and 5 give the two notes of the
siren's warble. The frequency of the warble
is under the control of stage 14. The output
from stage 14 is inverted by gate 1 (1C2a). +6V
The I.25k Hz signal goes to gate 2 (1C2b)
and the 625Hz signal goes to gate 3 (IC2c). R4 15 IC2b
680k 4011
At any instant either pin 9 or pin 13 is high 5
1C2
PIN 14
01
and the signal passes through one of the R3
gates. At the same instant the output of the 68k
other gate is a steady high. Thus gate 4 01P5
5
IC2d 61
IC2a IC2c 4011
(IC2d) receives a high on one of its in- IC1 4011
4011
4060
puts and an oscillating signal ( I .25kHz or
625Hz) on the other. C1
330p ()M I<
The frequency changes as the output of OlP 13
2
442
Everyday Electronics, July 1991
+6V ILL EDS4a LEDS
WIRE -WRAPPING
Insert wire staples (from an ordinary office stapling machine) at
a the points where wires are to be connected to off -card components.
ff D R To mount the components, use a sharp point, such as the point
ff of a drawing -compass or the pointed Vero utility tool, to pierce the
IC2 E
F circuit card where indicated. Push the leads of components (or the
F i.c. terminal pins) through the holes, so that the components lie flat
against the component side of the card. Turn the card over to the
wiring side and, if necessary, cut the leads to about 3mm long.
Plan the wiring so that, where several points have to be con-
nected together this is done with a single long run of wire, not with
separate lengths of wire for each connection. An example is the OV
COMPONENT SIDE line, which connects to six points.
BEACON
OV DV
BATTERY
The wrapping wire has no insulation. Where wires cross (e.g.
CARD between the i.c.s on the main board) first lay one wire in place. Cut
a small rectangle of p.v.c. insulating tape and press this down over
OV
the wire, at the crossing point. The second wire may then be laid in
place on top of the tape.
wnt RI R3 Cl To connect to the staples. follow the sequence shown in Fig. 4.
When all the wires have been wrapped. push the staple fully into
-
9
0-11
111,11
the card and bend its ends flat with the card again.
Wire -wrapping joints are surprisingly strong and survive normal
S TR1
handling. To make them more secure, spray the completed board
with a printed circuit lacquer.
R2
COMPONENTS WIRING
SIDE
Resistors
R1 560 See 0 INSERT STAPLE. 0 LEVER OUT THE
11
O RAISE THE STAPLE. 0 PUSH STAPLE DOWN,
R2 120
R3 68k SHO COMPONENT
USING STAPLER,
ON WIRING SIDE
BENT ENDS
WRAP WIRES, USING
SCREWDRIVER.
BEND ENDS FIRMLY,
USING PLIERS.
R4
R5, R6
680k
68 (2 off) TALK
Page
SI DE
OF CARD
Capacitors IEE315101
Cl 330p polystyrene
C2 10011 elect. 12V
Fig. 4. Method of using staples to fix the flying lead connections.
Semiconductors
D1 to D 4 high -intensity (30mcd)
light -emitting diodes,
yellow (4 off) The main circuit card removed from its mounting under the car. The final board
TR1, TR2 ZTX300 npn transistor layout differs slightly from this prototype.
(2 off)
IC1 4060B CMOS 12 -stage
counter/oscillator
IC2 4011 B CMOS quadruple
2 -input NAND gate
IC3 LM3909 I.e.d. flasher
Miscellaneous
WD1 Piezo transducer, about
25mm diameter, with leads
LP1 3.5V 0.15A round MES
lamp
Batten -mounting socket for MES
lamp, with screw terminals; 8 -way d.i.l.
socket; 14 -way d.i.l. socket; 16 -way
d.i.l. socket; battery box, long AA type,
approx. 109mm x 26mm x 16mm (4
x 1.5V); battery clip PP3; wire -
wrapping wire; light -duty insulated
cable (10/0.1); mains and beacon
circuit cards available from EE (see
Shop Talk) or see the Special Offer
page.
Materials required
Sheet white cardboard, about
400g/m2
or printed model card see
Shop Talk or the Special Offer page;
wire staples and stapling machine; clear
adhesive (Bostick Clear etc); Easiwire
wiring kit -see EE Special Offer.
Approx cost
guidance only £6
4
Evemkty Electronics, July 1991
L.E.D LEAD
lO WRAP WIRE AROUND FLAT
L E D LEAD INDICATES
IT BEND BACK LEAD &
SQUEEZE BACK CATHODE
FIRMLY.
TO ANODES 0 a
TO CATHODES
75 240 75-+1
[EfsHoo I
444
Everyday Electronics, July 1991
SUMMER 1991 CATALOGUE
192 pages
EEE's discount vouchers
100s new products
New range kits
Over 3000 lines
Fast same day despatch
Available from most large
newsagents or directly from CinaT
Rost
9e
c/Cirki CIRKIT DISTRIBUTION LTD
Park Lane Broxbourne Hertfordshire EN10 7NQ
Telephone (0992) 444111 Fax (0992) 464457
Useful options are a stereo LED power meter and a versatile tively in t
passive front end giving switched inputs, with ALPS preci- provement
giving ben ' '4
sion, low -noise volume and balance controls.
Construction is very simple and enjoyable with all the difficult image stabili
Values avail. I. .ti
og, 100K lin and 1 ur copy
work done for you, even the wiring is pre -terminated. ready for please send 2 IRCs if
instant use! Complete details of the different versions are in cial Balance. in centre position). Also
post. or 5 for Airmail
our free lists. the range are two values in M170' ` ersio
20K Log and 1OK Special ale dr write or telephone with your requirements to sample
R LH10 Reprints of latest 'Audio Design Amplifier y and efficient HART service. Payment by cheque, cash or
articles £2.70 2 -Gang 100 Li credit card. A telephoned order with your credit card number
K1100CM HART Construction Manual with full parts 2 -Gang 10 1
will get your order on its way to you THAT DAY.
lists £5.50 2 -Gang 10K Please add pan cost of carriage and insurance as follows
Why not buy the reprints and construction manual to see centre I £10.71
INLAND: Orders Lp to f20 - ft. Orders over (20 - C2.50,
how easy it is to build your own equipment the HART way 2 -Gang 20K trol OTORISED . £19.20 Express Courier, next working day - E9
The FULL cost can be credited against your subsequent kit 2 -Gang 10K S a nce. MOTORISED, zero cross' alk OVERSEAS:Please see the ordering information
purchase. and .10% centre loss £19.98 win our Imes
DESIGN YOUR
OWN CIRCUITS
Power Control
MIKE TOOLEYBA PART 8
This eighth part deals with power Paramount amongst the disadvantages
of simple electromechanical relays are an
control. Our, design problem is inherently low switching speed coupled
with the "contact bounce" which occurs
based on a CMOS logic interface during the transitory state which exists
whilst our companion project between the true "on" and "or con-
ditions. Furthermore, electromechanical
deals with the construction of a relays are, by virtue of their moving parts
and open contact sets, somewhat prone to
446
Everyday Electronics, July 1991
+5V to +24 V
+5V to +24V
DI RLA
1N 4148
RI
10k TRI
84108
I SEE TEXT I
INPUT
135V1
04
Frerifin
IEE3174 G I
Fig. 61 . A simple relay driver circuit Fig. 8.2 Relay driver circuit based on a Fig 8.3. Relay driver based on a plastic
discrete Darlington arrangement. Darlington transistor.
447
Everyday Electronics, July 1991
By virtue of the symmetry in triggering,
triacs thus provide a means of controlling
Noise and radio
ANODE a.c. voltages over both positive and nega- frequency
tive half -cycles. Thyristors, on the other
hand, can only provide control on one, or
interference tRF!J
Thyristors and triacs switch on and off
other, of the half -cycles. very rapidly. In a.c. power control applica-
GATE
Discs tions, this rapid switching can result in
transients which may be conveyed some
CATHODE In order to simplify the design of distance via the a.c. mains wiring. To mini-
ES317SGI
triggering circuits, a triac is often used in mise such effects and prevent radiation of
conjunction with a diac. This device is noise, an L -C filter should be fitted in close
somewhat similar to a Zener diode proximity to the power control device, as
having bi-directional properties. A typi- shown in Fig. 8.6.
cal diac conducts heavily when the
Fig. 8.4. Thyristor symbol
applied voltage exceeds approximately Variable a. c. power
± 32V. Once in the conducting state, the
resistance of the diac falls to a very low control
value and thus a large value of current Triacs make excellent variable a.c. power
will flow (sufficient to trigger the triac to control devices. Fig. 8. 7 shows a circuit for
which it is connected). a lamp dimmer capable of handling a resis-
tive (tungsten filament lamp) load of up to
Trisc date I kW. At higher power levels (i.e. exceeding
150W) the triac will require a heatsink and
The following table summarises the
characteristics of avariety of popular the designer should consult the representa-
triacs: tive characteristic curves shown in Figs. 8.8
Triscs
Triacs are a refinement of the thyristor 240 V a.c.
which, when triggered, conduct on both MAINS
SUPPLY 4;r1
positive and negative half -cycles of the -350Va c
applied voltage. Triacs have three ter-
13
minals; main -terminal one (MTI ), main 100uH 5A
terminal two (MT2) and gate (G), as shown
in Fig. 8.5. Triacs can be triggered by both ON IOF F)
(IMW MAX I
positive and negative voltages applied be-
tween G and MTI with positive and nega- R6
tive voltages present at MT2 respectively. 100
1+ MT2 + ve, G + ve
1- MT2 + ye, G -ve
111 + MT2 -ve, G + ve
III - MT2 -ve, G -ve Fig. 8.7. Triac a. c. power controller for up to I kW of tungsten filament lighting.
448
Everyday Electronics, July 1991
Fig. 8.9. Derating characteristic for
CASE TEMPERATURE typical 8A and 16A triacs.
POWER DISSIPATION CASE (*CI
PTOT (W I
110
20
100
15 -
00
10-
80
5
70
0
10 15 20
CURRENT. IL(Al
[EE31720j
60
IL = PL/VL thus IL = 500W/250V = 2A suddenly switched into conduction at, or Solid -State Switch
2. Determine the power dissipation within
the triac (from Fig. 8.8):
near, the positive or negative peak of the
a.c. cycle. Module
The power dissipated will be approxi- When used in conjunction with a power
mately 2W. Solid-state triac, an optically coupled triac can form
3. Estimate the maximum ambient tem-
perature for the unit.
switches the basis of a simple yet highly effective
solid-state switch. Fig. 8.12 shows the com-
In recent years, there has been an plete circuit of a Solid -State Switch Mod-
In most cases, we can assume that this increasing need to interface digital logic
will be about 35 deg.0 (allowing for the ule which can be used to control loads of
circuits and microprocessor I/O ports to up to I kW. ICI is an optically coupled
effect of localised heating). mains operated loads. In order to meet
4. Determine the difference between the triac which incorporates a zero -axis cross-
this requirement, solid-state switches (or ing detector. CSR I is a power triac rated at
maximum allowable case temperature and "solid-state relays") have been developed.
the maximum ambient temperature. 8A maximum load current.
These devices usually contain a triac, The device specified uses a conventional
tDIFF. = tCASE(MAX)- tAMBIENT(MAX) snubber network and opto- isolated driver
= 60-35 = 25 deg.0 10220 encapsulation but, unlike many
(often incorporating zero -axis crossing earlier devices, benefits from an isolated
5. Determine the rating (thermal resis- trigger circuits).
tance) of the heatsink required: metal tab. This makes mounting to a
Solid-state relays are available as encap- heatsink more straightforward (there is no
RTH = tDIFFIPTOT= 25/2 = 12.5 deg.C/W sulated film circuits (rather than true in-
Hence, we require a heatsink with a need for insulating washers and bushes)
tegrated circuits) and typically have the and the circuit is also inherently more safe
rating of 12.5 deg.C/W, or less. It is following specification:
important to note that we have ignored a as there is less likelihood of contact with a
number of factors in this example (such as live metal surface.
Input voltage: 3V to 24V Resistor RI limits the current through
the thermal resistance of the insulating Input current: 2mA to 16mA
washers, if fitted). Despite this, the method the input of the opto-isolator whilst DI
Maximum load provides a visual indication of the state of
shown will prove to be sufficiently accurate current: 2.5A r.m.s. continuous
for most applications. the circuit (useful when testing without a
Isolation voltage: 4kV (minimum) load connected). R5 and Cl constitute a
Question 3: A BTA08-600B triac is to be
used to control IkW of tungsten filament snubber network and slow down the rate of
stage lighting which operates from a 240V switching (change of voltage with time) to
a.c. mains supply. Assuming that the case an acceptable value. In order to increase
temperature of the triac is not to exceed the sensitivity of the circuit, an optional
50 deg.C, determine the necessary heatsink transistor driver stage (R2/TRI) is incor-
rating. porated.
The copper foil and component p.c.b.
Optical isolation layout of the Solid -State Switch Module is
shown in Fig. 8.13. Connections to the
One of the most useful components to
support the high power switching devices Solid -State Switch Module are via a five -
employed in modern power control circuits way header (PL I ) for the input and d.c.
is the optically coupled triac and optically supply and a two-way p.c.b. mounting
coupled thyristor (see Fig. 8.10 and Fig. screw terminal block (BT1) for the mains
8.11). These devices provide a very high neutral and load connections.
degree of electrical isolation between the Connections to PL I are as follows:
Fig. 8.10. Optically coupled thyristor
controlling circuit and the load and com- Pin number Function
prise an encapsulated light emitting diode
together with a light sensitive triac or 1 + V supply ( + 5V to
thyristor. When the I.e.d. is illuminated, the + I2V)
triac or thyristor (as appropriate) is trig- Collector (ground to
gered into conduction. ANODE MAIN TERMINAL
switch)
Some of the most recent optically TRIAC SUBSTRATE 3 Base input ( 1 V to switch)
coupled triacs (such as the MOC3041) CAN -100E 00 NOT CONNECT 4 Ground (OV)
also contain a "zero axis crossing" 5 Ground (OV)
detector. This circuit ensures that the triac NC MAIN TERMINAL
is triggered at the most favourable point Connections to BT I are as follows:
on the a.c. cycle, just as the voltage swings
through the zero point. This arrangement 1E0319201 Pin number Function
greatly reduces the noise and radio
frequency interference which would other- Load
wise occur if the device were to be Fig. 8.11. Optically coupled triac. Neutral
Capacitors
TR1 C1 22n 1000V
BC 106
84
330 Semiconductors See
CSR1 BTA08-600B '1=idor)
IC1 MOC3041
EE 3f no]
TR1
D1
BC108
Red I.e.d.
TALK
Page
Miscellaneous
Fig. 8.12. Complete circuit diagram for the Solid -State Switch Module. P L1 5 -way straight p.c.b. header
(0.1 inch pitch)
BT1 2 -way p.c.b. mounting
screw terminal block;
Pl1 T0220 heatsink (see text); 6 -pin
i.c. socket; printed circuit board
d.i. I.
TR1 available from EE PCB Service, order
R2 I-, code EE757.
RI 1..40
DI
Approx cost
167,50
CSR1
9
guidance only
Solid -State
Switch Module
specifications
00
---00
o'er
NICT-b Supply: + 5V to + 24V at 20mA
(max )
Controlled
EE757 voltage: 240V a.c.
Max. load: I kW
Fig. 8.13. P.C. B. track and component
layout for the Solid -State Switch Input
Module. current: 45µA (typical, 5V source)
Fig 8.14. Operating configurations for 10mA (typical - without
Values of RI should be selected from the the So/id-State Switch Module (a) transistor stage)
following table: basic Solid -State Switch (R1 and TR1
not fitted) (b) sensitive Solid -State
Supply voltage RI Switch (R1 and TR1 fitted).
4V to 6V 220 lamp load of 60W. Assuming that the max-
6V to 9V 390 imum current available from the logic is
9V to I 2V 560 501.1A at 10V, design a suitable interface
I2V to I8V 1k circuit.
TEACH -IN
TUNING R F. AMPLIFIER DETECTOR A F AMPLIFIER
Solid -State switch 8 Solid-state switch capable of controlling a.c. mains loads See Direct Book
module rated at 240V IkW maximum. The switch operates from Service pages for
an input of less than 100µA and requires a supply of be- ordering details.
tween 5V and 24V.
I
NYA
by BarryFox
Faxing Yourself payment, by using inaudible identifica-
Over the years have carted various
I
tion codes buried in digital recordings, Overpowered!
portable computers and modems round has been available for nearly ten years but was in Cannes recently for the
I
the world on press trips, with the inten- never been used. The BBC has taken the MIDEM music industry Conference and
tion of sending back articles as electronic intitiative and warned that if the technol- Festival. One day I heard the sound of
text by telephone line. But it is never as ogy is not used now, it will forever lie deafeningly loud music from the street,
easy as it sounds. idle. stopping and starting every minute or so.
So I bought myself a portable printer The CD standard, as laid down by It sounded like someone turning a mobile
and started sending back text by fax. I Philips and Sony, defines eight channels discotheque on and off.
would write the story, print it out in my in the digital bit stream, called subcodes, The source turned out to be a small
room and ask the hotel office to fax it which carry information related to the Renault car, with the entire back seat
back to the UK. music. The P and Q channels carry timing area made over to mount a batch of
But the printer is quite heavy. So last codes which control the CD player, tell- enormous loudspeakers. These churned
year I
bought myself a new portable ing it when musical selections out thunderous bass. But only while the
modem, the Discovery 2448P. This costs begin
and end. The Q channel can also carry car was moving and its alternator was
around £200 and comes with software copyright information. Digital tape for- generating enough power to drive the
which lets it send faxes as well as mats can carry similar codes. amplifier. Every time the car slowed
electronic mail. The software converts In 1986, after fifteen years discus- down in traffic, the amplifier drew so
word -processed text into fax code and sion, the International Standards Or- much power from the battery, that the
squirts it down the telephone line to any ganisation agreed a code format which sound system tripped into silence and
conventional office fax machine back is applicable to any digital the engine stalled.
home. recording
medium. ISO 3901-1986 defines the If the driver had turned down the wick
But that still left me without any hard International Standard Recording Code. a little he could have kept the engine and
copy of my own text, and on several oc- Twelve alphanumeric characters can un- sound system running. But no. He was
casions I found I needed this. So I started ambiguously identify a recording by date, far happier to hear snatches of music in
carrying the printer as well as computer name and company owner. A modified between re -starting the engine.
and modem. CD player in a broadcast studio will strip
In the USA recently I found a simple this code out of the bit stream and deliver
way round the problem. had writtenI it to a computer. The computer's internal
a report which had to pass on to a
I
clock will log when the recording was BTEC ELECTRONICS
business contact, but I had not brought played and for how long. TECHNICIAN
my printer. So I phoned the hotel recep- The radio station will then give a copy
tion from my bedroom and asked for the of the log to all the copyright bodies FULL-TIME TRAINING
hotel's fax number. I then used the Dis- (Phonographic Performance Ltd, the 2 YEAR
covery modem to fax my report to the Performing Rights Society and Mechani- BTEC National Diploma (OND)
hotel office, with a note on the front ad- cal Copyright Protection Society), which ELECTRONIC &
dressing it to me. then match the identifying number with COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING
(Electronics, Computing, Television, Video, Testing &
Soon afterwards a messenger knocked their own database record to calculate Fault Diagnosis)
on my hotel door carrying my fax. So what royalties the performers and com-
I ended up with a hard copy print-out 1 YEAR
posers should be paid. STEC National Certificate (ONC)
without ever using a printer. It would all be so easy, accurate and ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
fast. Everyone would gain. But most CDs 1-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(Electronics, Satellite TV, Networks. Telecomms)
Digital Copyright now have a string of zeros where the
Few people realise that since CD was code should be because record com- 2-ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT SERVICING
(Electronics. Television, Video Cassette Recorders, CCTV,
launched, in 1983, the record and music panies do not give the pressing plant an Testing and Fault Diagnosis)
that the artists and composers get the Revox machine made by Studer, is al- 10 MONTHS
royalties due to them. The BBC pays up ready designed to strip out the code. It BTEC Higher National Certificate (HNC)
to 70 pounds in copyright fees on each costs £1,800. So broadcaters continue to COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY & ROBOTICS
(Microprocessor Based Systems, Control, Robotics)
record broadcast and each week staff prepare copyright returns by hand.
spend 2,500 hours typing out 15,000 Nimbus presses CDs for many com- Mese courses include a high percentage
of college based
practical work to enhance future employment
copyright forms. panies and cannot remember ever being No additional lees for overseas students
prospects
Some TV stations and smaller radio asked to include the code. Nor can Tape Shortened courses of from 3 to 6 months can be emerged for
One, a finishing studio which prepares applicants with previous electronics knowledge
stations write them in ink, with zeros in- THOSE ELIGIBLE CAN APPLY FOR E.T. GRANT SUPPORT
several hundred digital master tapes for
distinguishable from Os. The PPL and pressing every month. Both say the cost
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES PROGRAMME
CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION SYSTEM RICE: £9.99 PRICE £7.50 AA 95p 85p
1x CAMERA 1 X CAMERA BRACKET HOME ALARM PACKAGE C £1.95 £1.80 NI -CAD CHAR ER
£2.00 £1.85
ncludes. BACK-UP LEAD PP3 £3.90 £3.75 a a
* Optima Alarm Control Panel ACID BATTERY -1-"Y
USED External Red Bel Box DESOLDERIN PUMP
2 x 1 Internal Passive I.R. 12V 1 9Ah
Complete price 2 x Door Contacts
Siren for bell box £14.00 £2.99ORDER CODE
TOOL/ DESOL MP
£175 100 rms. cable and clips LEAD ACID SPARE TIP 75P
Plus £10 carr * Full fitting instructions
USED CHARGER Charges AA, AAA, C D & PP3
1 X MONITOR
ONLY £127.50 £19.99 Ni-Cads
£4.99
GAS
-1--7----77111112a 240V AC
SOLDERING
EPROM
V TWIN FLUORESCENT UAT
POWER SPECIAL SPOT -LIGHT
IRON KIT YO60G 27 256-25 LAMP12" DOUBLE TUBES
SUPPLY (S1751) (Brand New) Hand-held or hanging, 1 2ft
Butane powered
£3 each Curly cable, 5 times normal
catalytic soldering
iron kit comprising: 10 C2.50 each
ONLY £5.99 headlamp intensity. On/off
gas tank and switch. Simply plugs
POWER SUPPLY / BATTERY CHARGER regulator. catalytic NEW into cigar lighter
soldering iron tip. OFFER socket
POO7G (Z2540) £2.991 catalytic hot knife tip. EVERY DIMENSIONS:
Plug-in power pa y designed to heat blower tip. blow
charge 10xAA Ni-Cad batteries found in mobile I GAS SOLDERING IRON I torch. 3 auxiliary cold
Mts, sponge. cap
MONTH £5.99 368 X 67 X 43MM
CBs etc. Plugs directly into a 13A socket. Output YO6OH (S1752)
via integral lead with 2 5mm DC power plug. tip
positive. Thermal fuse overload protection.
I
Butane powered catalytic
soldering iron with cap
with flint and carrying
case. A fully portable POWER SUPPLIES
Input voltage 240V ac SOHe containing the starting flint. A hot tool kit. FARNELL POWER SUPPLIES (BRAND NEW)
Output voltage 13.8V do i fully portable soldering iron, Re -tillable front
Output current 100mAl re -tillable from standard butane standard butane SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY (Made by Farnell UK)
Stability ...... 40;41 lighter fuel canisters 350 Watts I
12V
NiCad CHARGER
T, R. de VAUX-BALBIRNIE
Charge 12V battery packs than 13V, the excess voltage over that of
12V 1.
+l
NI -CAD BATTERY I
. 12V CHARGING
ARRANGED IN 1 6v 6v 12 V
BATTERY
12V NI -CAD 12V CHARGING TWO SEPARATE' OUTPUT
CELL BATTERY GROUPS
FDig. la. The charging battery cannot Fig. 1b. The voltage across the two Fig. lc. The two groups of cells are
charge the NiCad cells because the two groups of cells is only 6V so the now connected in series for discharg-
voltages are equal and opposite. No 12V charging battery can drive current ing. 12V appears between the output
current therefore flows in the circuit. through them. terminals.
EE3,59G1
Approx cost
guidance only
Li 10 5
Everyday Electronics, July 1991 455
,
1:1)
IC1
FIXING HOLES
IC2
O00og00000000000000000000 0
H O U00000004000000000000000
00000000000000000000 000 0
O 0100000010 000000000000
0
0000001100000000000
0
000000g
O
000000 10oo
0000 0 00 0 000 00000
0000000o0000000
0
0
The finished
charger. Size
000000000 0 0000000000 00 of case depends
on batteries used.
Make a hole in the case to accommodate
the strain relief bush or rubber grommet
Fig. 3. Stripboard component layout and details of breaks required used for the output lead. Drill holes for the
in the underside copper tracks. power input socket, I.e.d. indicator, switch,
fuseholders, battery holder (depending on
layout and details of breaks required in the Attach heatsinks to ICI and IC2. the type) and for circuit panel mounting.
underside copper tracks is shown in Fig.3. These consist of pieces of thin sheet Refering to Fig.4, mount all internal
Cut the stripboard to size, drill the two aluminium 20mm square approximately components - but not the circuit panel -
mounting holes and make all track breaks and bent as shown in the photograph. and complete the interwiring. Work care-
as indicated. Follow with the soldered No mounting kit is needed - the heat - fully using different coloured wires; this
on -board components taking care over the sinks are attached direct to the i.c. bodies will guard against errors which could be
orientation of the four diodes. Mount using small fixings. difficult to find later.
ICI and IC2 by gently straightening and For clarity, some wires are letter -coded.
spreading the pins to fit the 0.1in. strip - BATTERY PACK Wiring shown in bold print should be of
board matrix. The battery pack is made from two sec- 3A rating minimum.
To select the correct value of RI and R2 tions containing five cells each. Holders for The negative terminal of SKI is the
refer to Tables I and 2. If these resistors are this number are not readily available but, meeting point for several wires denoted by
mounted on short stalks (made from dis- for "AA" size at least, holders for 10 cells the letter X and care must be taken over the
carded resistor ends) as in the prototype may be obtained. quality of the soldered joint here. When
unit, it will be easy to replace them with For the prototype unit, it was an easy soldering diode D3, use minimum heat
alternative values if ever the need arises. matter to cut the interconnecting wire at from the soldering iron since this com-
Solder 10cm pieces of light -duty stranded the mid -point and make soldered connec- ponent is easily damaged. Also, take care
connecting wire to the copper strips A, D. E tions to the free ends. Alternatively, a over the polarity or it will not work.
and G on the left-hand side and to strip H holder for 4 cells and a holder for I cell Mount the circuit panel clear of the case
on the right-hand side as indicated. could be used in each group. to prevent short-circuits between the cop -
Fig. 4. Interwiring between all off -board components. The thick wires must be rated at 3A minimum.
H26
L. 222
CIPCUiT
PANFL
PST
3 FS2
03
WIRES MARKED X
CONNECTED HERE
SLEEVE
CONNECTION
ommnemmilm- X
SH1
L_ CENTRE / INPUT
SOCHEI
CONNECTION
EE3151 G I OUTPUT
UHF receiver unit with digital decoder and 3 relay outputs, 2 alternate and 1 BUILT AND TESTED MODULES FULL SI NuS,TPRLUI ECDT IONS
momentary.
8 -way DIL switches on both boards set the unique security code. Many
applications including lighting, alarms, the "automatic home", etc.
Size: Tx 45 x 30mm Rx 55 x 65mm
**AUDIO**
Supply: Tx 3-12V Rx 5-12V AL 12580-125W AMPLIFIER
Range Up to 200m A rugged, high powered module that is ideal for
Complete System (2 kits) £29.99 use in discos & P.A. Systems where powers of up
to 125W, 4 ohms are required. The heavy duty
Individual Transmitter £15.99 output transistors ensure stable and reliable
Individual Receiver £19.99 performance. It is currently supplied to a large %
341 Darwen Road, Bromley Cross, Bolton BL7 9BY AL 2550 -COMPACT LOW-COST 25W AMPLIFIER
One of our most popular audio modules with tens of el iji ;
thousands installed. Ideal for domestic applications in(!alli i
where low distortion and compact size are '
I; °; it if
VELLEMAN KITS the prime requirements. Used with supply £6.55 :
This is the computer for you: Easily installed ADVANCED CONTROL UNIT -CA 1382
-- ----- ____ Automation Loop Test & Switch On * Automatic Siren
Enhanced Microsoft BASIC Re -Set * Audible Entry/Exit Warning Buzzer * Two
80 character 8 line LCD display (480'64 dots) ...- Separate Loop Inputs +24 -hr Circuits *
Easily installed Full Instructions Supplied
Two RS232 ports
This advanced control panel provides effective and
Microcassette data/programme storage reliable control for all security installations, yet its
operation is sheer simplicity for all members of the
Two analogue to digital ports included only family, and is supplied with two keys. Housed in a steel
Battery backed £44.95 case with an attractive moulded front panel, it compares
VAT with units costing twice the price.
15K available for BASIC or machine code
programmes LOW-COST CONTROL UNIT -CA 1250
tit!
0 ,-. This tried and tested control unit provides the finest
Full bus interfacing possible, input/output board only value for money in control systems, with many
available to connect your computer to the outside world - "..
£21.35 thousands protecting houses all over the country.
VAT A suitable steel enclosure is available separately.
In-house programming advice included for first 3
months 50FT INFRA -RED BEAM-IR1470 ,
30 day money -back guarantee which, when interrupted, operates a relay in the receiver which
in turn may be used to control external equipment. The system
requires only 65mA from a 12V supply.. Size: (each unit) 82 x 52 x 57mm
At £275 VAT (the screen and keyboard
alone are worth more than that) this could be FULL RANGE OF SECURITY ACCESSORIES STOCKED PROVIDING
EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO PROTECT YOUR HOME
the cheapest interfacing computer you're
ever likely to find. SEND OR TELEPHONE
* £100 off if you order before 14th June * FOR FREE LITERATURE
Callers by 1
Dept EE7, 51 POPPY ROAD appointment
E. p. gPeectitogeed PRINCES RISBOROUGH only
16160fi staanc;CAC
in experimenting with them. The book does not contain
ERECTROCIIII masses of theory or formulae but straightforward explana-
tions and circuits to build and experiment with.
ITEACE1-1 TSACIMI-10 r4. Tenctimiln Exploring Electronics contains more than 25 useful
projects, assumes no previous knowledge of electronics and
is split into 28 easily digestible sections
EXPLORING ELICTROPIKS
88 pages (A4 size) rairmuci £2.45
ELE,TRONICS
ELECTRONICS TEACH -IN No.4
INTRODUCING DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (published
by Everyday Electronics)
Michael J. Cockcroft
Although this book is primarily a City & Guilds Introductory
level course (726/301), approximately 80% of the informa-
tion forms a very basic introduction to electronics in general,
it therefore provides an excellent introductory text for begin-
ners and a course and reference book for GCSE students.
Full details on registering for C&G assessment, details of
assessment centres, components required and information
on the course in general are given.
The City & Guilds introduction to module 726/301 reads:
"A candidate who satisfactorily completes this module will
have a competence to identify basic components and digital
integrated circuits and connect them together to form simple
working circuits and logic units." This provides an excellent
Mike Tooley BA (published by Everyday Published by Everyday Electronics in association with EVERDAY ELECTRONICS DATA BOOK
Electronics) Magenta Electronics. Mike Tooley BA
A complete course that can lead successful readers to the Contains twenty of the best projects from previous issues of
EE each backed with a kit of components. The projects are: (published by EE in association with PC Publishing)
award of a City and Guilds Certificate in Introductory This book is an invaluable source of information of everyday
Microprocessors (726/303). The book contains every- Seashell Sea Synthesiser, EE Treasure Hunter, Mini Strobe.
Digital Capacitance Meter, Three Channel Sound to Light, relevance in the world of electronics. It contains not only
thing you need to know including full details on register- sections which deal with the essential theory of electronic
ing for assessment, etc. BBC 16K sideways Ram, Simple Short Wave Radio, Insula-
tion Tester, Stepper Motor interface, Eprom Eraser, 200MHz circuits, but it also deals with a wide range of practical
Sections cover Microcomputer Systems, Micro- electronic applications.
processors, Memories, Input/Output, Interfacing and Digital Frequency Meter, Infra Red Alarm EE Equaliser It is ideal for the hobbyist, student, technician and
Ioniser, Bat Detector, Acoustic Probe, Mainstester and Fuse en-
Programming. There are various practical assignments and gineer. The information is presented in the form of a basic
eight Data Pages covering the most popular microproces- Finder, Light Rider - (Lapel Badge, Disco Lights, Chaser
Light), Musical Doorbell, Function Generator, Tilt Alarm, electronic recipe book with numerous examples showing
sor chips. how theory can be put into practice using a range of
An excellent introduction to the subject even for those 10W Audio Amplifier, EE Buccaneer Induction Balance
Metal Detector, BBC Midi Interface, Variable Bench Power commonly available "industry standard" components and
who do not wish to take the City and Guilds assessment. devices.
80 pages (A4 size) Supply, Pet Scarer, Audio Signal Generator.
isTBMIMITM111:T313:1 £2.45 128 pages (A4 size) 211MMEEMEil A must for everyone involved in electronics'
£2.45 256 pages re7111=1:111071,1 £8.95
I'L;3t))01K
The books listed have been selected by Everyday Electronics
being of special interest to everyone involved in electronics and editorial staff as
computing. They
are supplied by mail order direct to your door. Full ordering details
the last book page. For another selection of books see next month's are given on
issue
460
Everyday Electronics, July 199/
MAKE MONEY FROM HOME RECORDING
AUDIO AND MUSIC
that are totally alien to the technician or keen amateur who Yamaha's frequency modulation, and sampling - and
Clive Brooks has previously worked with audio circuits. The principles then describes how the instruments are adjusted to
Now that you've spent a fortune on all that recording gear, and practices of digital audio owe little or nothing to the produce various types of sound - strings, brass, percus-
MIDI and all, wouldn't it be nice to get some of it back? traditional linear circuits of the past, and are much more sion, etc. The theoretical side of synthesis is treated in an
Well here's the book to show you how. comprehensible to today's computer engineer than the easy to understand way - the technical information
It's packed with money making ideas, any one of which older generation of audio engineers. being restricted to what you need to know to use your
will recoup the price of the book many times over. Whether This book is intended to bridge the gap of understand- instrument effectively.
you have a fully fledged recording studio at home, or just ing for the technician and enthusiast. The principles and 168 pages £6.95
a couple of stereo cassette recorders and a microphone. methods are explained, but the mathematical background
you'll be able to put the ideas in this book into practice and and theory is avoided, other than to state the end product.
make money.
105 pages £5.95
128 pages winerzalso £5.95 AUDIO
DaigiMEMBRII F. A. Wilson, C. G. I. A., C.Eng., F.I.E.E., F.I.E.R.E.,
F.B.I. M.
SYNTHESIZERS FOR MUSICIANS Analysis of the sound wave and an explanation of acousti-
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL AUDIO R. A. Penfold cal quantities prepare the way. These are followed by a
Ian Sinclair Modern synthesizers are extremely complex, but they study of the mechanism of hearing and examination of the
Digital recording methods have existed for many years and mostly work on principles that are not too difficult to various sounds we hear. A look at room acoustics with
have become familiar to the professional recording en- understand. If you want to go beyond using the factory a subsequent chapter on microphones and loudspeakers
gineer, but the compact disc (CD) was the first device to presets or the random poking of buttons, this is the book then sets the scene for the main chapter on audio systems
bring digital audio methods into the home. The next step is for you. - amplifiers, oscillators, disc and magnetic recording and
the appearance of digital audio tape (DAT) equipment. It covers the principles of modern syr thesis - linear electronic music.
All this development has involved methods and circuits arithmetic as used by Roland, phase distortion (Casio), 320 pages mommazugui £3.95
DATA AND COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION CHART OF RADIO, ELECTRONIC, INTERNATIONAL TRANSISTOR EQUIVALENTS
SEMICONDUCTOR AND LOGIC SYMBOLS GUIDE
b LOGIC SYMBOLS M. H. Banani B.Sc.(Eng.) A. Michaels
RONIC,SEMICONDOCTOB Illustrates the common, and many of the not -so -common, Helps the reader to find possible substitutes for a
radio, electronic, semiconductor and logic symbols that popular selection of European. American and Japanese
are used in books, magazines and instruction manuals, transistors. Also shows material type polarity, manufac-
etc., in most countries throughout the world turer and use.
Chart rder code t P 7 f0.95 320 pages gerernmnri:11:11 f3.50
=Iwo
These materials are. in general, cheap to obtain and easily puter morse decoding and radio teletype decoding are also
R. Bunney worked with simple tools, encouraging the trial -and -error covered.
Roger Bunney is probably one of the leading authorities in philosophy which leads to innovation and discovery 224 pages f14.95
462
Everyday Electronics, July 1991
REPORTING
Tony Smith G4FAI
NOVICE LICENCE COURSE STUDENT REQUIREMENTS Achievement in any field of amateur
As reported last month, RSGB courses Students need to have the Novice radio will be considered, such as an
in preparation for the new amateur radio Licence Student's Notebook, obtainable interest in d.i.y. construction; operating
Novice licence examination are now be- from the RSGB. A useful book of sample interests and skills, especially teamwork
coming available. They will cover the syl- examination questions is also available. in club contests; using the hobby to
labus in approximately 30 hours, with ex- Also needed is an approved audio fre- help the community, e.g., RAYNET, St
tra time to learn the Morse code when quency amplifier kit, with other com- John's Ambulance, the disabled and
required. Courses will comprise no more ponents, required to construct a basic housebound; encouragement of other
than four students and will have a strong radio receiver. Details will be provided by young people into the hobby through
practical emphasis. the instructor. presentations in schools and clubs; or
Examples of some of the subjects There is no course fee although the involvement in amateur radio as part of a
covered by individual sessions, and how volunteer instructor may ask for assis- school project.
they are approached, are as follows: tance with modest incidental expenses. The closing date for applications is
Demonstrating the main controls On successful completion of the course 31st July 1991. Candidates may enter
of a receiver on the h.f. bands: the RSGB will issue a Course Completion directly or be nominated by an adult.
Tuning through single sideband (SSB) Slip, and an optional completion certifi- Notes for entrants can be obtained from
signals, switching between upper and cate will be available for £2.50. The Secretary of the RSGB, address as
lower sidebands, band switching, func- Successful students may then apply to above.
tion of audio frequency and radio take the Novice Radio Amateurs Ex-
frequency gain controls, frequency in- amination (Subject No. 773), to be held AMATEUR RADIO AND THE GULF
dication - analogue or digital, separation at local City & Guilds examination cen- As this is being written, the Gulf War
of bands into different sections for tres four times a year. The examination fee has thankfully ended and stories are
different modes, and demonstration of is £8.95, plus a centre examination fee. beginning to emerge of activities by
the different types of signal to be heard. The C&G hope to publish results four radio amateurs which have assisted
Soldering: Safety precautions, tin- weeks after each examination. those affected by the hostilities. Soon
ning, function of flux, need for correct after the Iraqi invasion, for instance,
size bits, appearance of good joints. MORSE TEST when news from Kuwait was minimal,
Components: Identification of dif- For those seeking the Novice A a Russian amateur there sent a teletype
ferent types, colour codes, periodic ques- licence, which permits operation on (AMTOR) message, received by an
tioning during the course to confirm selected h.f. frequencies (as opposed to Australian station, describing condi-
familiarity. the v.h.f. only B licence which does not tions under the occupation which
Multimeters: Setting for major modes require a knowledge of Morse code), the received nationwide media coverage
of operation, difference between a.c. and final hurdle is the RSGB 5w.p.m. Morse in Australia. American and Israeli
d.c. voltage and current, importance of test which will become available in June amateurs sent and received messages
polarity, different scales on analogue in- or July this year. There are existing test on behalf of worried families after the
struments, importance of leaving the meter centres in most counties, etc, where Scud attacks on Israel, when telephone
switched off when not in use. Novice tests will be held every two lines to Israel were hopelessly jammed
months, while candidates prepared to by similar enquiries.
WORKSHEETS travel to adjacent areas will usually be Radio amateurs in the American
Linked with the individual sessions able to arrange a test within a few weeks. armed forces passed messages be-
are worksheets which provide detailed To help learners, the RSGB has a tween serving personnel and their
information for students working with Morse code training tape, Morse code - families at home and elsewhere, via US
the instructor or revising at home. Apart A Stage 1, using a well -tried system based stations, until a general radio
from the above, these include a simple which sends letters at 12w.p.m. while silence was imposed at the commence-
circuit/experiment to observe Ohm's law; leaving longer than usual spaces be- ment of hostilities. Many of these
codes and abbreviations used over the tween symbols and words to reduce the operations were on MARS frequencies,
air; how to make a contact over the overall speed to five words per minute. non -amateur frequencies permanently
air; log -keeping and QSL cards; power Full details on all aspects of the Novice allocated for relaying messages, and
of a circuit; propagation conditions on licence can be obtained from the Radio phone -patching, between military per-
the amateur bands; alternating current; Society of Great Britain, Lambda House, sonnel and their families worldwide.
tuned circuits; receiver and transmitter Cranborne Road, Potters Bar EN6 3J E. S.W.L. readers have no doubt heard the
block diagrams; harmonics; learning and phone patching, i.e., connection of
using Morse code; aerials; EMC (electro- YOUNG AMATEUR OF THE YEAR radio links into the public telephone
magnetic compatibility), i.e., avoiding in- The DTI's Communications
Radio system, which takes place regularly on
terference; power supplies; and more. Agency has announced its sponsorship the 20 metre amateur band.
The course covers basic radio theory for the 1991 Young Amateur of the Year Passing messages by radio amateurs
and practice in easily digestible "bites" Award as part of its continuing support on behalf of non -amateurs is permitted in
each lasting about 30 minutes; and a for Project YEAR. This is for the most some countries and not others, and in-
great deal of work has gone into meeting outstanding achievement by an amateur ternational links are permitted only by
the needs of the total beginner to the -radio enthusiast under the age of 18 formal agreement between the countries
hobby. As part of Project YEAR (Youth during the period 1st August 1990 to concerned. In the USA this facility is seen
into Electronics via Amateur Radio) the 31st July 1991. The winner will get a as a form of public service, and linking
new licence is clearly aimed at the young, cash prize of £250 and every entrant will agreements exist with Australia, Israel
but candidates of all ages can become receive a copy of the RSGB's amateur and many other countries. In the UK,
Novice operators and the course repre- radio log book. The winner and runners however, the radio regulations do not
sents an excellent way of learning about up will be invited to spend a day at the permit such "third party traffic" except in
the subject at "ground level". If any Agency's Radio Monitoring Station at certain defined situations so, unlike their
readers of EE enrol for one of the early Baldock, Herts. Additional prizes will be American colleagues, British forces in the
courses I shall be delighted to receive and donated by the radiocommunications Gulf were unable to send messages home
report their reactions to it. industry. via amateur radio.
MODULAR DISC
LIGHTING SYSTEM
Part Three; MASTERLINK SYNCHRONIZER MODULE
CHRIS BOWES
Light up your party or, disco road Switch S2 is included to select the pulses
proceeding to the rest of the circuit between
show with these easy -build those produced by the internal clock pulse
generator and pulses generated by external
effects modules. sound activated modules, the signals from
which are commoned through the Master -
Tills MODULE is the first of the system 100mA fuse which is included to protect link connections appearing at SKI pin 7.
control modules, which do not, in the circuitry of the module in the event of a These pulses are fed via S2. diode D2 and
themselves, provide an output pat- fault arising within this module. resistor R7 to the base of transistor TR2.
tern to control a lighting display. The pur-
pose of this module is to synchronise any of
Capacitor Cl is a tantalum type, which is
used to decouple the logic circuits within ONE-SHOT
the other modules within the system, which
have been switched to Masterlink control,
the module. The red light emitting diode
(I.e.d.) D4 and it's associated series resistor
CIRCUIT
The third source of clock pulses is the
so all of the modules so selected are driven RI is used to provide an indication that "One -Shot", push -to -changeover switch,
in synchronism, see Fig. I.
power is available to the module. S3. Any switch of this type will produce
Essentially the Masterlink module con- a number of high speed pulses when
tains the pulse generating and auxiliary
function controls contained in most of the
CLOCK CIRCUIT operated because of the bouncing effect of
Clock pulses to drive the system are the switch contacts as they close.
other modules The outputs from the obtained from three sources. The most In order to overcome this problem and
Masterlink Module are buffered and made usual source being the clock pulse gener- to give a single shot output pulse for
available at the connection sockets so that ator which is made up of ICI, R3, VR1, R4 each operation of S3 it is connected to a
they can then be "bussed- to all of the and C2. This operates in an identical debouncing circuit, formed by R5, R6,
more complex modules in the system. manner to the generators in the rest of the IC2b and IC2c. When switch S3 is operated
CIRCUIT modules. it effectively shorts resistor R6 to OV this
changes the input state of pin 9 of IC2c.
DESCRIPTION This produces a Logic 0 state at the output
The full circuit diagram for the Master - MASTER lo E.
(pin 10).
link Module is shown in Fig. 2. The power MODULE
The same switch action removes the
to drive the module is obtained from the short to ground of resistor R5 and allows
power input connections on the 7 -pin DIN the input to pin 13 of IC2b to rise to a
sockets SKI /SK2. Logic state. The cross linking of IC2b
I
There are two such sockets, wired in and IC2c causes the output at Pin 11 to
parallel, on each Masterlink compatible remain in the Logic I state until the states
module so that the Masterlink connections at pins 8 and 12 are reversed.
can be easily bussed through a stack of OUTPUT
The one-shot pulse created at the output
system control and/or effects modules, ir- MCOULE
of IC2b is fed, via diode D3, to the junc-
respective of the order in which they may tion with resistor R7. Diodes D2 and D3
be arranged. These sockets also serve to form a simple OR gate which allows clock
buss the external pulse line, which enables pulses from S3 to be added to those from
any of the pattern generating modules in the remainder of the circuit without caus-
the system to be operated by pulse outputs Fig. 1. Using Master/ink to synchronize ing interference.
originating from any of the sound operated any number of effects modules. When the base of TR2 is energised, by the
modules. presence of the Logic 1 state at the junction
The 555 timer ICI is configured in the of D2, D3 with R7, the transistor conducts,
POWER SUPPLY astable mode and the frequency of the out-
put pulse produced at pin 3, is governed by
causing current to flow through the pull-up
The positive power supplies from each resistor R8. This causes the state at this
of the connected modules are combined, the values of R3, VR I, R4 and C2. As the point to change from Logic I to Logic 0.
through 1N4001 diodes installed in each of output pulse from pin 3 is predominantly This is inverted by IC2d and fed both to
the Masterlink compatible modules. The in the Logic I state this is connected to resistor R20 and transistor TR6, via another
positive power supply voltages appearing an inverter formed by IC2c, a two input inverter (IC5b), and also to pin 13 of the
on pin I of the DIN sockets and the com- NAND gate. Johnson counter IC3 and the indicator I.e.d.
mon 0 volt supplies appearing on pin 2 of This ensures that the positive going (D5). via its series resistor R9.
the DIN sockets. The latter connections pulses are of a relatively short duration
are commoned through the printed circuit This precaution is necessary because the ONE -IN -FIVE
board.
In order to avoid problems which might
other pulses in the system are also positive
going (switching from Logic 0 to Logic I
CIRCUIT
when activating the counter) and any long The 4017 decade counter IC3 is used to
be caused by an inadvertent reversal of the
duration Logic I state at the input to the provide a special output pulse, for use in
power supply polarities for any reason, Dl, certain modules, which occurs every fifth
another 1N4001 diode, is also included in counter will block any other pulse from
activating the counter. pulse of the Masterlink primary output
the positive power supply rail. FSI is a pulse. Pin 14 of IC3 is held in the Logic I
464
Everyday Electronics, July 1991
state by its pull up resistor, RIO, and thus IC3 counts forward by
one step for each negative going pulse fed to pin 13.
This required pulse is obtained from pin 10 (04) of the 4017, and
the counter is reset to zero, with the unconnected output 00 being
forced to Logic 1 by the connection of output 05 (pin I) of the i.c.
to the MR (reset) input (pin 15). When output 04 goes to the Logic
I state the counter is reset to 0, counts up once more and hence
COMPONENTS
M
cc0
'VV.' 0 101
Resistors
R1, R9, R11, R14,
\At )L
R15
R2
1k (5 off)
470
See
R3 5k6
R4
R5, R6, R8, R10,
3k TALK
Page
R13, R17,
R19, R21 10k (8 off)
R7, R12, R16,
R18, R20 82k (5 off)
All 0.25W 5% carbon film
Potentiometer
VR1 250k rotary, lin.
Capacitors
C1 21.0 tantalum, 25V
C2 47µ elect., 25V
Semiconductors
D1 1N4001 1A 50V rec. diode
D2, D3 1N4148 signal diode (2 off)
D4 Standard Red I.e.d.
D5 -D8 Standard Green I.e.d.s (4 off)
TR1 -TR6 ZTX300 npn silicon (6 off)
IC1 555 CMOS timer
IC2, IC5 4011 Quad 2 -input NAND gate (2 off)
IC3 4017 Johnson counter
IC4 4520 Dual binary counter
Lr,
U
Miscellaneous
Si, S2 S.P.D.T. min. toggle switch (2 off)
S3 S.P.D.T. pushbutton changeover switch
SK1 , SK2 7 -pin DIN chassis socket (2 off)
FS1 100mA 20mm fuse and p.c.b. fuse clips.
Aluminium instrument case (Maplin "Blue Case 233"), size
250mm x 150mm x 75mm; 8 -pin d.i.l. socket; 14 -pin d.i.l.
socket (2 off); 16 -pin d.i.l. socket (2 off); plastic knobs for VR1
and S3; p.c.b. stand-off pillars; connecting wire;, solder pins;
I.e.d. clips (5 sets); nuts and bolts for socket fittings; solder etc.
Printed circuit board available from EE PCB Service , code
EE752.
141°
Approx cost
guidance only £19
plus case
SPRINT CIRCUIT
Transistor TR1 and resistor R2 are used
to provide a sprint or "Speed" facility.
When output 01B (pin 12) of the second
half of the 4520 counter (1C4) goes to the
Logic 1 state this voltage is made available,
via switch SI, through the base protection
resistor (R2) and to the base of TR I .
(above) Wiring to front panel com-
When the base voltage of the transistor ponents, completed board and (left)
rises above the emitter voltage the transis- imerwiring to the rear DIN sockets.
tor saturates and effectively shorts out the must be prepared by tinning before the
Speed control VRI. This causes the output cable is inserted into the appropriate holes
pulses from ICI to increase in frequency to on the board and then soldered into place.
that set by R3, R4 and C2 alone.
CONSTRUCTION TESTING
Once all the connections have been made
The Masterlink circuit is built on a the p.c.b. should firstly be carefully
single -sided printed circuit board (p.c.b.), checked for broken tracks, solder blobs
the full size copper foil pattern and com- and incorrectly placed components before
ponent layout of which is shown in Fig. 3. attempting to insert the i.c.s and test the
The foil pattern should be transferred to a unit. TO i.c.s should then be inserted into
suitable board which is then etched and the correct sockets, taking care to ensure
drilled in the usual way. (A ready -tinned that They are the correct way round.
and drilled board is available from the EE Irforder to test the Masterlink module it
PCB Service, code EE752). will be necessary to connect it, via a five -
After drilling the board the components pin DIN cable, to the Masterlink socket
can be inserted into the board and sol- space, is used since some of the modules are of a compatible module and connect that
dered in place. Although this process can very tightly packed into the specified case. module to an Output Module. As soon as
be carried out in any convenient order you Similarly the panel designs for all of the the Output Module is switched on I.e.d. D4
will find that it is easier to perform this task modules have been designed in a coor- on the Masterlink module should glow and
if the components are inserted in ascending dinated scheme so it is advisable to either D5 to D8 should illuminate in a sequence
order of size. follow the layouts given in the photographs such that D6 illuminates briefly after every
All the components of a particular size or to design your own coordinated scheme. fourth illumination of D5 whilst l.e.d.s D7
should be soldered into position before Whichever case is used it is most important and D8 are illuminated in a binary pattern
going onto a larger size of components. that they are properly "Earthed".
after a considerable number of illumina-
Care should be taken to ensure that all of
the polarity sensitive components are con- WIRING-UP tions of D5.
The Effects Module should be switched
nected into the circuit board with the Before commencing to install the case so that the Masterlink connection is ac-
correct polarity. mounted components it is recommended tivated (by setting the Masterlink switch to
The i.c.s are best accommodated in sock- that the case should be drilled and lettered. the down, or ON position) and the reverse
ets which are soldered in place along with The p.c.b. is best not wired up to the case and pattern controls should be switched to
the other components. The i.c.s should be mounted components until all the com- their AUTO positions. You should now
inserted as the last task before testing ponents, except for the i.c.s, have been in- see that the effects control functions now
out the unit. Care should also be taken serted and soldered. respond to that of the Masterlink.
with these components to ensure correct The connections between the p.c.b. and
polarity. the case mounted components are best IN USE
CASE made with flexible wires cut to a size which
allows the board to remain connected to
The Masterlink unit operates in the same
way as the effects modules, in so far that
All of the modules in this series have the control panel when removed for fault the pulse and other functions are controlled
been designed to fit into the case detailed in finding etc. There are a number of connec- by potentiometer VRI and the Auto -Sprint
the components list and you are advised to tions to be made and the use of as many circuitry which can be engaged via switch
ensure that the case specified, or a metal colours of wire as are available will reduce SI. The best method of connecting the unit
one with at least the minimum of internal the risk of confusion at this stage. The ends into a stack of effects modules is to "daisy
466
Evertdat' Electronics, Jult 1991
S. -
chain" the inputs up and down the stack by The frequency of these pulses is selected They can, of course, be disconnected
using five -pin DIN leads plugged into the by the setting of VR I. with the "sprint" from the Masterlink module either by
Masterlink sockets. facility being engaged by the operation of selecting a permanent function on the
Each module, including the Masterlink switch SI . direction and pattern selectors or by
module, is equipped with two DIN sock- If the auto functions for direction turning the modules Masterlink switch to
zts so that they may be "daisy chained" by and/or pattern are selected on any module the off position. The Masterlink com-
simply plugging each module into the next where the Masterlink function has also patible modules are designed to be con-
module up or down in the stack. It does been selected then control of that function nected together in a stack by means of
not matter in which order any modules are will be passed to the outputs of the a simple seven -way cable which is ter-
stacked. equivalent functions on the Masterlink minated at each end in a cable mounting
When the Masterlink module is in use modules. This means, that in use, all 7 -pin DIN plug. These connectors are
any or all of the compatible module can of the Masterlink compatible modules connected pin to pin for all of the pins.
be switched on to Masterlink control in within the system can be made to pulse,
which case they will be pulsed by the out- change direction and change pattern at Next Month: Random Pattern
put pulses from the Masterlink module. the same time. Module.
<;4(- O 0 aoo O
0-
,
1". 6
000
1-*/*-4 000
I-
°A,16.4
I000
ki fi4 lid
L)
liP We lel IN UM
0-0
L
0 010
000iII1
0-0
0001
0 0 0 0 1 1:1
*4 1.4 k-4
CC
71
0:ka)=-
o
*4_ I..
I-
0 °4 1211.11
EE
40.4
Eta
}
O
1-1
la I I.
Fig. 3. Printed circuit board component layout and full size copper
foil master pattern. A lead is also taken directly from one side of
switch S2 to pin 7 of DIN socket SKi.
0
PCB SERVICE
Printed circuit boards for certain constructional projects are available from
the PCB Service, see list. These are fabricated in glass fibre, and are fully
Mains ON/OFF Decoder
(5 or more 697's ordered together f3.25 each)
Simple Metronome
Hand Tally SEP'90
697
698
£4.55
£3.94
FOR ONLY
£19.95?
Yes! have obtained the remaining
I
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FLOPPY HARD DIE K CONTROLLER (1 11 E59 ST 225 20MB 68MS 525" Half Height £145
P&P) for immediate dispatch. I0 CARD FOR XT. AT E28 ST 251 40MB 28MS 5.25" Half Height
IDE Hard Disk 40MB 28MS 3.5 -Half Height
. . ft 85
f165
I only have 1 50 kits so to avoid disappointment BOOKS Dual drive cable set £10
Budd your own 80286IBM Comp -Pilgrim £16.30 Write, Phone or Fax for a FREE Catalogue
contact me now at: PC Uprade Book. Neigh £11.95
CHIPLINK
All prIces exclude WIT) Carnage.. cost)
ESSENTIAL
TK FOR KITS
Building your own PC XT or AT?
READING FOR Upgrading an existing PC?
Want to know what makes
DISCO SEQUENCER SINGLE CHANNEL INFRA PC HARDWARE them tick?
"mt.' mtw,
RED REMOTE CONTROL
ENTHUSIASTS YOU NEED
Summary of contents:
The book contains a wealth of information about PC hardware and
gives practical advice for PC builders and upgraders. Written in a light-
hearted style. it is suitable reading for beginners but includes information
for the more experienced too.
Four channels (up to 1kW achi to There are eight chapters: the first is a brief introduction. The second
driv Rop lights,. Pin -spot Ic A simple yet highly infra nsa chapter gives a potted history of the PC range, and details some of the
(Rsistivisrinductiv loads) with 30 rmot control kit with multitude of us" characteristics of each model. Chapter three will be of particular interest
diffrnt y-ctchIng squscs. n the hon. or cr Operates from 9 - 15V
Vriabis .peed nid strounc crng dc or 2401/ 0 nd switch.. 30 relay to those who are undecided about which type of PC to build. It gives the
frguncy AND built in audio input.idisi
for mobile or permnent displays.
on and off itrntly 00 time this
pros and cons of all the usual combinations of cases. boards and display
trnsmIttim Is oprtd at rang. up to
Complet KIT (less box) 2 Oft (61m). Responds only to to types.
X6141 626.96 tranmIttr treguncy. Orot for lights, TV,
Don't forgt our other value for money larm controls etc. The fourth chapter is where the real work of assembling the parts is
DISCO KITS 06134
DLII000 6 - channI SO programme
611.96 described. It includes many practical tips not published elsewhere. If the
quncisr 645.96 Suitable transmitter complete with box beast won't go when you have built it you need to read chapter 51
DL3000 3 -channel sound to light 621.96 (9V PP3 bettry rquird)
XK124 High paws, strobe with audio 06136 19.96
If you already have a PC. but it has failed in some way, chapter six may
Input 617.96 help, whereas chapter seven deals with upgrades to existing machines.
0K139 4 -chorine) sequencer 114.60 For more ohannls us our popula Software is briefly discussed in chapter eight and there are Appendices
MK12/MK19 IR transmitter recehters
M K9 - rimy keyboard 63.35 with useful data. The book has 112 pages and is in paperback format.
MK10 16 -way keyboard 29.75
SEND 91111 SAE for our latest KIT MK12 16 ChannI A.M., 621.95
LIST which InCluds details on A4K111 IR Tranernittr range 600 19.75 f-
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Record/Playback. Touch Dimmers,
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PC -DIY books at £7.95 each inc. P&P
PUBLISHING
SUPER - SENSITIVE MICROBUG A cheque/PO for £ is enclosed
Only 46x26si1Imm, including built-in mic. 63-10011140
Itndrd FM radio). Rang approx. 300m depending
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surveillancis, baby alarm, etc. Name
X6129 E7.25
Stoke Wake
Address Blandford Forum
TK ELECTRONICS ORDERING INFORMATION. F,c INCLUDE
13 Boston Road VAT but pleas ado E1.26 P&P AUK Ovrs .
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Men- Fri 0.30 rn - 6 pen. Shop Hours Postcode Please allow 21 days for
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A- L
.... SERVICE
24 Miniature red I.e.d.s 3mm dia £1.00 metres adjustable by sensitivity control. Three position key
12 Asstd seven segment displays 01.00 operated facia switch - off - test - armed. 30 second exit and
4 .43" Com. anode seven segment displays 01.00 entry delay.
100 22NF 100V radial film capacitors 01.00
MANUALS
Indoor alarm - Electronic swept freq. siren. 104dB output.
100 33NF 50V radial film capacitors £1.00 Outdoor alarm - Electronic swept freq. siren. 98dB output.
200 Asstd. disc ceramic capacitors C1.00 Housed in a tamper -proof heavy duty metal case.
80 4U7 16V Radial electrolytics 01.00
75 4U7 63V Radial electrolytics 01.00 £46.00 + £4.00 P&P
Available for most Video 80 10UF 16V Radial electrolytics C1.00
Cheques, POs to
50 IOUF 50y Radial electrolytics 01.00
Recorders, Colour & Mono 80 22UF 25V Radial electrolytics C1.00
Televisions, Cameras, Test 60 33UF 16V Radial electrolytics
80 47UF 16V Radial electrolytics
01.00 S. WOODHEAD
01.00 9 ST. LUKES TERRACE, CLECK H EATON BD I 9 GAB
50 47UF 50V Radial electrolytics 01.00
Equipment, Amateur Radio, 50 IOOUF 25V Radial electrolytics £1.00
50 220UF I6V Radial electrolytics C1.00
Vintage Valve Wireless, Any 60 470UF 10V Radial electrolytics C1.00
40 1000UF 10V Radial electrolytics C1.00
Audio, Music Systems, 30 Asstd IF transformers 01.00
48 Asstd. coil formers. 01.00 ELECTRONICS FOR THE HOBBYIST is a 90
Computers, Kitchen 100 Asstd. RF chokes 01.00
minute video -cassette using computer -graphic
30 Asstd. dil sockets up to 40 pin £1.00
Appliances, etc. 30 Assorted sockeUconnsiedge-dil-sit-etc 01 .00 simulations to enable the hobbyist or student to
20 1 inch Glass reed switches 01.00 understand the way in which common electronic
Equipment from the 1930's to the 10
20
4P 3W MBB min. rotary switches
Min SP/CO slide switches
0100
0100 components work and is available directly from
present. 20
1
Magnetic ear pips plus lead 8 plug
Peltier effect heat pump
01.00
£1.95
us at only £19.95 inc. P&P.
10 watt Stereo amplifier. 4 controls plus data. £2.95 Other titles available. S.A.E. for list. Allow 14 days
Over 100,000 models stocked, 1
1 10mm Flashing I.e.d. red 00.75 for delivery. Send Cheques/P.O. payable to:
lOmm Ultra bright I.e.d. red 300 MCD.
originals & photostats. 1
J PG Electronics
amps d c Fully stabilised Twin panel meters for instant voltage and cur-
ler., readings Overload protection
Fully variable inc.
Operates from £42VAT
240V a c
Compact Unit + Post f 2 276-278 Chatsworth Road, Chesterfield S40 2BH
Size 9. S'y .3in
NEW MODEL. Up to 38volts d c at 6 amps 10 amps peak Fully variable
Access & Visa orders tel: (0246) 211202
Two panel meters Sue 14% a 11 a 4'5,n tee Inc VAT Carr ES
TECHNICAL INFO SERVICES (EE) KIPS, PLANS, LTC for surveillance. protection
RADIO COMPONENT SPECIALISTS Imigm 76 Church St., Larithall, Lanarkshire ML9 1HE (sonic, H V), "007" gear. Send 2 x 22p stamps for list.
337 WHITEHORSE ROAD, CROYDON Tel 0698884585 Mon -Fri 5-5. Other times 0698883334 for last quotes
WORLDS LARGEST COLLECTION SERVICE MANUALS -Most unob-
ACE(EE), 53 Woodland Way, Burntwood. Staffs.
WU SURREY, U.K. Tel: 081-6841665 tainable elsewhere. Prices range from only C4.50 -large s a.e any G.CS.E. ELECTRONICS KITS at pocket money prices.
quotation. no obligation to buy.
List. Large SAE. Delivery 7days Callers welcome. Closed Wednesday
WORLD'S SOLE Suppliers of TV S Video Repair manuals. etc. From
S.A.E. for FREE catalogue. SIR -KIT ELECTRONICS,
TV TECHNIC. also such publishers as Heinemann. Newnan,. N Tech- 70 Oxford Road. Clacton C015 3TE.
nic. Thorn etc. Every published service sheet in stock. supplied tull FREE MEMBERSHIP and introductory pack of com-
size. not bits 8 pieces CTV's or any combination 03.50 plus Lsae.
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS any other single item [2.50 plus Lsae. Complete Circuit Sets for most ponents worth over £10. Send £1.50 P&P to. National
Video recorders only (7set (no service sheets made). Component Club. Higher Ansford, Castle Cary, Some-
EVERYTHING FOR YOUR NEXT PROJECT LSAE for OUOTATIONS plus GIANT CATALOGUE -NEWSLETTERS -
BARGAINS -FREE S/Sht as available rset BA7 7JG.
Comprehensive TV Repair Manual C9.50 Complete Radio Service PROTOTYPE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS one offs
THE BIGGEST DISPLAY IN THE SOUTH and Repair Course 0.50 Complete Repair 8 Service Manuals -
Mono TV 012.50; CTV [17; Video £19.50. Complete Repair Data with and quantities, for details send s.a.e. to B.M.A. Circuits,
IS AT circuit -Mono TV £8.50; CTV 012.98 Video E10.50.
£3.00 plus LSAE BRINGS THE ONLY COMPREHENSIVE SER-
38 Poynings Drive, Sussex BN3 8GR, or phone Brighton
VICE SHEETS 8 MANUALS. CATALOGUES FREE CHASSIS 720203.
FRASER ELECTRONICS GUIDE and C4.00 OF VOUCHERS TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS. F.M.
Medium, Shortwave, C.B. - Full instructions. Minimum
FM Transmitter Kits also a Telephone Bug Detector Kit
42 ELM GROVE * SOUTHSEA * Ready built FM transmitter £6.50 including P&P seventeen circuits. Cheques/P.02s £4.25 to: D. Davies, 33
HANTS These are commercial kits. Gwaelodygarth. Merthyr Tydfil CF47 8YU.
We also stock a selection of Scanning receivers so BRAND NEW unused i.c.s. 74LS00, 74LS02, 74LSI0,
Telephone f or latest stock or ask for a free catalogue
= Telephone 0705-815584 111 74LS27, 74LS37, uA74IC, 10p. 74LSI 57. 74LS374, 20p.
HOTLINE ELECTRONICS 4116 16K DRAM, LM386 amp. 50p. AY -3-8910/12, £2.
SP0256, £3. M108B single chip organ, £4. P/P £1. G.
97 LEIGH RD, ATHERTON, GT MANCHESTER
Steen, 9 Buckingham Road, Tuebrook, Liverpool L13
NSA
Tel: (0942) 891140
t).#4) Mail Order Only
8AY.
ELECTRONIC ORGAN drawbars. strings, pianos,
Cooke International CAPACITORS
defective amplifiers, hundreds i.c.s., Leslie speakers inc.
12in. £60 ono. Smith 0803 858542 (Devon).
DO YOU WANT USED SCOPES, SIGNAL MIXED RESISTORS 12 values 600 total £5.00, excel-
GENERATORS, POWER SUPPLIES, Philips 47uF 25V radial 8p lent hobby value. Send chequeiPO to C.E.S.. 64 Central
POWER METERS, DVM's, OSCILLATORS, Siemens 4700uF 100V 105 x 50mm £3 Avenue, Canvey Island, Essex SS8 9QR.
ATTENUATORS, TEST EQUIPMENT Siemens 10000uF 100V 105 x 64mm £3 COMPONENTS SALE. Rs, Ds, C, Leds. Wire and
Contact: Cooke International, Unit 4, DISCOUNTS FOR QUANTITY Audio Products. Send SAE for free list to C.E.S., 64
Fordingbridge Site, Main Road, Barnham, OTHER ITEMS IN STOCK Central Avenue, Canvey Island, Essex SS8 9QR.
Bognor Regis, West Sussex P022 0EB 191N RACK MOUNT project cases, also consoles,
Tel: 0243 545111 - Fax: 0243 542457
TDJ ELECTRICAL LTD cabinets, blanking panels, pre -machined socket panels
Wide range of items available. Send S.A.E. for lists 0942 270344 (XLR, jacks, etc). All sizes (1U. 2U, etc). Installation racks
and flight cases up to 30U. Call (0253)300690.
280A CPU. CTC P10 01 20 each DMA 2 00 E4.50 4114 High speed pc drill 0.8,1.0, 1.3, 1.5, 2.0mm - 30p. Machines 12V dc
41728 EPROMS (Ex equipment E1.20 each or E5.005 HELPING HANDS 6 ball joints and 2 croc clips to hold awkward jobs El 50p
27128 EPROMS E2.50 each AA/HP7 Nicad rechargeable cells 90p each. Universal charger unit £6.50p
27C256-25 EPROMS E3.50 each Glass reed switches with single pole make contacts - 8p. Magnets 12p
256K Byte DRAM MoPules, removed from equipme,i E&00 each 70p
6116 2K Byte SRAM E1.10 each
0.1" Stripboard 2%" x 1" 9 rows 25 holes - 25p. 3. x 2%" 24 rows 37 holes
6264-12 BK Byte SRAM E3.80 each Jack plugs 2.5 & 3.5m 12p
62256-12 8K Byte SRAM E5.00 each Sockets Panel Mtg. 2.5 & 3.5m 12p
65256 32K Byte rams. E4.00 each TRANSISTORS
8K Byte NV ram crops E3 00 each E10.00 four BC107/8/9 - 12p. BC547/8/9 - 8p. BC557/8/9 - 8p. BC182, 182L, BC183, 183L
20 pin Oil low prof Ile IC sockets 60.50/10 E4.00 100 BC184, 184L, BC212, 212L - 10p.
24 pin dil low prof Ile IC sockets 60.55/10 E4.60 100
40 pin Oa low profile IC sockets 60.60/10 E5O0100 BC327, 337, 337L - 12p. BC727, 737 - 12p. BD135/6/7/8/9 - 25p. BCY70 - 15p.
Circuit tester finds faults in TTL 8 CMOS logic Circuits. Inc leads E8.00 BFY50/51 /52 - 20p.
Smoke detectors, small size £7.00 each BFX88 - 15p, 2N3055 - 50p, TIP31, 32 - 30p, TIP41, 42 - 40p. BU208A - E1.20, BF195, 197 -
Smoke detectors. large with escape light and pause feature E13.00 each 12p
Prices include postage. AGO 500 OILS VAT) to orders below £5.00 All items new unle55stated 17.5% VAT 00 all All prices are inclusive of VAT. Postage 30p (free over £5). Lists Free.
prices Send an SAE for our latest list or for more info
Typefit
THE TYPESETTING BUREAU LTD
6 Church Street, Wimborne
Dorset BH211JH
Tel: (0202) 882299
Fax: (0202) 841692
Modem: (0202) 882270
DX: 45314 Wimborne
PC page make-up software and typesetter output bureau Datalinx: TYPBUR
472
Everyday Electronics, July 1991
POWER AMPLIFIER MODULES -TURNTABLES -DIMMERS - PRICES INCLUDE V.A.T.* PROMPT DELIVERIES FRIENDLY SERVICE
LOUDSPEAKERS -19 INCH STEREO RACK AMPLIFIERS LARGE S.A.E., 30p STAMPED FOR CURRENT LIST.
OMP POWER AMPLIFIER MODULES Supplied ready built and tested. MP VARISPEED TURNTABLE CHASSIS.
OMP POWER AMPLIFIER MODULES Now enjoy a world-wide reputation for quality, Tenability and
performance at a realistic price. Four models available to suit the needs of the professional and hobby market. i.e.. Industry, * MANUAL ARM * STEEL CHASSIS * ELECTRONIC SPEED CON-
TROL 33 & 45 * VARI PITCH CONTROL * HIGH TORQUE SERVO
Leisure, Instrumental and Hi-Fi etc. When companng prices, NOTE all models include Toroidal power supply, Integral heat sink.
DRIVEN DCMOTOR * TRANSITSCRENS * 12 DIE CAST PLATTER *
Glass fibre P CB.. and Drive owls to power compatible Vu meter. Open and short circuit proof. NEON STROBE * CALIBRATED BAL WEIGHT * REMOVABLE HEAD
THOUSANDS OF MODULES PURCHASED BY PROFESSIONAL USERS SHELL * '4'CARTRIDGE FIXINGS * CUE LEVER * POWER 220.240V
50 60Hz * 390 x 305mm * SUPPLIED WITH MOUNTING CUT-OUT
OMP100 Mk 11 Bi-Polar Output power 110 watts TEMPLATE
R.M.S. into 4 ohms, Frequency Response 15Hz - PRICE £59.99 + £3.50 P&P.
30KHz -3dB, T.H.D. 0.01%, S.N.R. -118dB, Sens. for OPTIONAL MAGNETIC CARTRIDGES
Max. output 500mV at 10K, Size 355 x 115x65mm. STANTON AL500 GOLDRING G850
PRICE £33.99 + £3.00 P&P. PRICE £16.99 + 500 P&P PRICE £6.99 + 50o P&P
NEW SERIES II MOS-FET MODULES OMP MOS-FET POWER AMPLIFIERS, THOUSANDS PURCHASED
OMP/MF 100 Mos-Fet Output power 110 watts R.M.S. HIGH POWER TWO CHANNEL 19 INCH RACK BY PROFESSIONAL USERS
into 4 ohms, Frequency Response 1Hz - 100KHz
-3dB, Damping Factor, >300, Slew Rate 45V/uS,
T.H.D. Typical 0.002%, Input Sensitivity 500mV, S.N.R.
-125dB. Size 300 x 123 x 60mm.
PRICE £39.99 + £3.00 P&P.
B. K. ELECTRONICS
VERY SENS FET MIC, RANGE 100300m, SIZE 56 x 46mm, SUPPLY 9V BATT. PRICE
£8.62+ £1.00 P&P
Dept EE
POSTAL CHARGES PER ORDER C1.00 MINIMUM. OFFICIAL ORDERS WELCOME FROM OMNI/MAR°
SCHOOLS, COLLEGES. GOVT BODIES. ETC. PRICES INCLUSIVE OF V.A T. SALES COUNTER, UNIT 5, COMET WAY, SOUTHEND-ON-SEA, ESSEX. SS2 6TR
VISA ACCESS ACCEPTED BY POST, PHONE OR FAX. 1.11M
TEL: 0702-527572 FAX: 0702-420243
...set your sights on a better sound!
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breathtaking beauty and colour, but rich in the sounds of another FS23A at E1.20; a co -ax lead to connect to your
hasn't got a built-in Nicam decoder, you will need the Maplin Nicam
TV or video; RW36P 2m long at £1.36, JW39N 5m
continent; or capture the hidden gasps of 100,000 hardened fans at Tuner System. Ultimately almost all of your favourite programmes will long at 11.98, or JW4OT 10m long at £2.95; a
Wembly for the F.A. Cup Final, when the ball skims the crossbar with be broadcast in superb hi-fi quality stereo -sound. Without a Maplin phono lead to connect to your hi-fi e.g. RW50E at
the last kick of the match; follow with your ears as well as your eyes, Nicam Tuner you won't be able to capture every sound to its full. £1 .06 or a SCART Peritel lead JW36P at E5.95.
dodging the bullets, as your favourite hero battles out of yet another Nicam hi -ti stereo. Catch your breath, open your eyes, and pin An intra-red remote control kit is also available
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tight corner, it's just like being in a cinema! back your ears! It's what your hi-fi system was made for ... It's what
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Nicam hi-fi stereo will turn your living -room into a living room of your ears are made for! mail-order handling charge.
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