Experiment No:: Basic Electrical Engineering (Lab Manual)

Basic Electrical Engineering (Lab Manual)
Experiment No:
Date of Performance: / / Timely Completion: /10
Date of Assessment: / / Understanding: /10
Presentation: /10
Signature of Faculty:
Total: /30
Title: Thevenin’s Theorem
Aim: To verify Thevenin’s theorem in given circuits
Prerequisite:
(1) Ohms law
(2) Open and short circuit resistance
(3) KVL, KCL
(4) Circuit reduction
Learning outcomes: At the end of this experiment student must be able to
(1) State Thevenin’s theorem.
(2) Apply and analyze circuit using Thevenin’s theorem.
Theory:
Statement Thevenin’s theorem:
In circuit theory, Thevenin's theorem for linear electrical networks states that any combination
of voltage sources, current sources and resistors with two terminals is electrically equivalent to
a single voltage source Eth and a single series resistor R. The Thevenin voltage Eth used in
thevenin's theorem is an ideal voltage source equal to the open circuit voltage at the terminals
whereas the thevenin resistance r used in Thevenin's Theorem is the resistance measured at
terminals AB with all voltage sources replaced by short circuits and all current sources replaced
by open circuits.
OR
Any linear bilateral, active two terminal network can be replaced by a equivalent voltage source
(VTH). Thevenin’s voltage or VOC in series with looking pack resistance RTH.
Explanation
Consider a network or a circuit as shown. Let E be the emf of
the cell having its internal resistance r = 0 RL → load
resistance across AB .
To find Vth :
The load resistance RL is removed.

The current I in the circuit is =
The voltage across AB = Thevenin’s voltage Vth .

Vth=I R2⇒
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Department of Electrical Engineering
K.K.Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research, Nashik
To find Rth :
The load resistance RL is removed. The cell is disconnected
and the wires are short as shown.
The effective resistance across AB = Thevenin’s resistance
Rth.
.
Rth= +
[ R1 is parallel to R2 and this combination in series with R3 ]
The equivalent circuit is given by
Current flowing through the load resistance RL is
IL=
Apparatus:
Sr. No. Equipment Specifications
1 Power Supply
2 Resistor
3 Milliammeter
4 Multimeter
.
Procedure:
Connect the circuit as shown in figure 1 on the breadboard –
1. Measure the voltage across AB (i.e. p.d. across load resistor).
2. Remove load resistor–
3. Measure the open circuit voltage across AB with the help of multimeter ( Placing
positive terminal of multimeter at A and negative at B) - Measure the Thevenin’s
resistance with the help of multimeter (with short circuiting voltage sources and open
circuiting current sources (if any) (Alternatively you can measure the short circuit
current through load).
4. Connect the circuit as shown in figure 2; replacing ETH and RTH are open circuit voltage
and Thevenin resistance respectively, as measured in third step.
5. Connect the load and measure the voltage across load with the help of voltmeter.
6. REPEAT above steps for different load resistor.
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Circuit Diagram:
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Theoretical Solution:
Observation Table
Sr. No. E ( V) Vth (V) Rth(Ohm) IL (mA)
Theoretical 1
2
Practical 1
2
Conclusion:
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LAB ASSIGNMENT
Q1) The Thevenin voltage is the__________ /0.5M
 Open circuit voltage  Open circuit and short circuit voltage
 Short circuit voltage  Neither open circuit nor short circuit voltage
Q2) Thevenin’s theorem is true for __________ /0.5M

 Linear networks  Non-Linear networks
 Both linear networks and nonlinear  Neither linear networks nor non-
networks linear networks
Q3) Fill in the blank: In calculation of Thevenin’s equivalent resistance all ideal /0.5M
current sources are replaced by __________________ circuit
Q4) What is difference between ideal voltage source and practical voltage source? /1M
Q5) What is difference between ideal currrent source and practical current source? /1M
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Q6) Give some real time application of Thevenin’s theorem. /2M
Q7) Calculate current through galvanometer whose internal resistance is 10ohm /4M
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Basic Electrical Engineering (Lab Manual)

The load resistance RL is removed.

Q2) Thevenin’s theorem is true for __________ /0.5M

Q6) Give some real time application of Thevenin’s theorem. /2M

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