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RT Procedure

0 Aug.08.2017 Issued for Approval M.H.SARAFRAZI R.RAEISI R.RAEISI

Rev Date Purpose of Issue Prepared Checked Approved

FATEH SANAT KIMIA CO.

VENDOR PROJECT NO.: E290 VENDOR DOC. NO.: FSK-E290-007-A4-0
Shiraz-Iran
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Contents
1 SCOPE
2 REFERENCE
3 EXTENT OF PROCEDURE
4 SURFACE PREPARATION
5 DENSITOMETER
6 FACILITIES FOR VIEWING FILM
7 GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS
8 RADIATION SOURCE
9 TECHNIQUE
10 EQUIPMENT
11 FILM TYPE
12 INTENSIFYING SCREEN
13 EXPOSURE CONDITION
14 NUMBER OF EXPOSURE
15 OVER LAP
16 PENETRAMETER
17 BACK SCATTER RADIATION
18 SENSITIVITY
19 FILM DENSITY
20 FILM PROCESSING
21 LOCATION MARKS
22 IDENTIFICATION & MARKING OF RADIOGRAPHS
23 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
24 EXAMINATION REPORT
25 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
26 REPORTING
27 FILM STORAGE
28 SAFETY SYSTEM
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1) SCOPE
This article contains methods and requirements for Radiographic Examination of Heat Exchangers for
SARKHUN NATURAL GAS PROJECT applicable when specified by NDT map.

2) REFERENCE
- ASME Sec. V, Article 2 & Article 22 (2007 Edition)
- ASME Sec. VIII Div.1 & Div.2 (2007 Edition)
- ASME Sec. IX (2007 Edition)
- ASNT-TC-1A (2006 Edition)

3) EXTENT OF PROCEDURE
- Examination of all Butt-weld joints According to regarding Welding Map & ITP.
- Evaluation by contractor or Third Party Inspector shall be done according to the relevant Project
Specification requirements / Approved ITP.

4) SURFACE PREPARATION
All welded joint shall be visually inspected before commencement of any non-destructive examination
also the requirement of ASME Sec. V, Para. T.222 for surface preparation shall be met. Any irregular-
ities that can mask or be confused with discontinuities shall be removed by any suitable process to a
degree that the applicable material Spec. the referencing code and the other requirements.

5) DENSITOMETER
5.1) Densitometers shall be calibrated at least every 90 days during use as follows:
a) A national standard step tablet or a step wedge calibration film, traceable to a national standard step
tablet and having at least 5 steps with neutral densities from at least 1.0 through 4.0, shall be used.
The step wedge calibration film shall have been verified within the last year by comparison with a
national standard step tablet.
b) The densitometer manufacturer’s step-by-step instruction for the operation of the densitometer shall
be followed.
c) The density steps closest to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 on the national standard step tablet or step wedge
calibration film shall be read.
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d) The densitometer is acceptable if the density readings do not vary by more than ±0.05 density units
from the actual density stated on the national standard step tablet or step wedge calibration film.

5.2) Periodic Verification

Periodic calibration verification checks shall be performed as described in 5.1 at the beginning of each
shift, after 8 hr of continuous use, or after change of apertures, whichever comes first.
5.3) Documentation
Densitometer calibrations required by 5.1 shall be documented, but the actual readings for each step
do not have to be recorded. Periodic densitometer verification checks required by 5.2 do not have to be
documented.

6) FACILITIES FOR VIEWING FILM

(a) Viewing facilities shall provide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will not cause
reflections, shadows, or glare on the radiographs that interfere with the interpretation process.
Equipment used to view radiographs for interpretation shall provide a variable light source sufficient
for the essential IQI designated wire to be visible for the specified density range. The viewing condi-
tions shall be such that light from around the outer edge of the radiograph or coming through
Low-density portions of the radiograph do not interfere with interpretation.
(b) To provision of best viewing condition, the illuminator must provide sufficient light of an intensity
that will illuminate the average density. (1.8 minimum for single film viewing for radiographs made
with an X-ray source and 2.0 minimum for radiographs made with a gamma ray source)
Viewing conditions shall be such that the light transmitted from the outer edges of the film or low-
density region does not interfere with the interpretation of the radiograph. Subdued lighting rather than
total darkness is preferable in the viewing room. The brightness of the surrounding should be about the
same as the area of interest in the radiograph. Room illumination must be so arranged that there are no
reflections from the surface of the film under examination.
(c) Identification markers:
- The permanent identification (see attachment) shall be produced on the radiograph traceable to the
contract, component, weld seam, or part number, as appropriate. In any case this information shall not
obscure the area of interest. Repair or reshoot radiographs shall be identified by R1, R2, R/S, as
applicable.
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-For composite viewing of multiple film exposures, each film of the composite set shall have a
minimum density of 1.3. The maximum density shall be 4.0 for either single or composite viewing. A
tolerance of 0.05 in density is allowed for variations between densitometer readings.

7) GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS
7.1) GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS DETERMINATION
Geometric un-sharpness of the radiograph shall be determined in accordance with:
Ug = Fd/D
Where
Ug= geometric un-sharpness
F= source size: maximum projected dimension of the radiating source (or effective focal spot) in the
plane perpendicular to the distance D from the weld or object radiation, in.
D= distance from source of the radiation to weld or object being radiographed, in.
d= distance from source side of weld or object being radiographed to the film D and d shall be
measured to the approximate center of the area of interest.
7.2) The actual or maximum source size (effective focal spot size) and source to film distance shall be
recorded in the report, and the geometric un-sharpness shall meet the requirements of 7.3.
7.3) GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS LIMITATIONS
Recommended maximum values for geometric un-sharpness are as follows:
Material Thickness, mm Ug Maximum, mm
Under 50 0.51
50 through 75 0.76
Over 75 through 100 1.02
Greater than 100 1.78
Note: Material thickness is the thickness on which the IQI is based.

8) RADIATION SOURCE
Radiation source is Iridium 192 and maximum source size is 2x3 mm.

9) TECHNIQUE
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SWSI source-weld-film arrangement shall be indicated as per ASME Sec. V. Double wall exposure
shall be used just when single wall exposure is not applicable. Care should be exercised to ensure that
the required geometric un-sharpness is not exceeded. If the geometric un-sharpness requirement
cannot be met for double wall viewing technique, then single wall viewing shall be used. (If applica-
ble)

10) EQUIPMENT
Gamma-ray apparatus (sentinel) with remote control or equivalent.

Note: The minimum and maximum thickness for the use of radioactive isotopes is primarily dictated
by exposure time that the required radiographic sensitivity has been obtained.

11) FILM TYPE

- Radiographic inspection performed using gamma ray KODAK AA400 film or equivalent.
- Radiographic film length shall be 250 mm (10 inches) minimum.

12) INTENSIFYING SCREEN

- Back & front lead screens 0.13 mm thick
- Fluorescent intensifying screen shall not be used
- Lead intensifying screen shall be in direct contact with the film
- Prepacked films may be used

13) EXPOSURE CONDITION

Depending on diameter & wall thickness, minimum source to film distance shall be 200 mm. For
using of radioactive isotopes the recommendation of ASME Sec. V Article II, part T-272 shall be
considered.

14) NUMBER OF EXPOSURE

Minimum 3 Exposures takan120°, to each other shall be made. For welds on nozzles with nominal
diameter 3" or less, may be performed by the elliptical projection technique. At least two separate
exposures are required at location 90° apart.
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15) OVER LAP

30 mm on each side of film may be used.
16) PENETRAMETER
Wire type according to ASTM E142 or per European Norm EN-462-1. The Penetrameter shall be set
at the end of film location. The Penetrameter shall be placed on the welds (on film side) so that the
wire is perpendicular to the welds.

17) BACK SCATTER RADIATION

A lead symbol “B,” with minimum dimensions of 13 mm in height and 1.5 mm in thickness, shall be
attached to the back of each film holder during each exposure to determine if backscatter radiation is
exposing the film.
18) SENSITIVITY
Radiography shall be performed with a technique and radiographic set up which ensures achievement
of the required Quality level and shall be calculated as per related standard or Project specification.
Calculation of Equivalent Pentameters sensitivity (EPS)
18.1) For set up hole type IQI
EPS = 100 x Square root of (T x h/2) / X
X = thickness to be radio graphed
T = thickness of the designated IQI
H = diameter of visible hole
18.2) Wire type IQI
EPS = D x 100 / X
Where X = thickness to be radio graphed
D = diameter of thinnest wire visible as a radiographic image.

19) FILM DENSITY

The calibration of densitometer is considered valid as long as the unit is not switched off during a
series of measurement. Film density shall be according to ASME Sec. V, Article II-Part-T-282. &
shall be limited to viewer capacity 2 to 3.5

20) FILM PROCESSING

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- Type: Manual Agfa gravity G 127 or equivalent.

- Developing bath
- Developing temperature around 20ºC (approximately 5 minutes).
- Agfa gravity G 335 or equivalent.
- Fixing bath: Fixing time 10 minutes (approximately 20ºC).
- Washing: In running water + melting agent.
- Drying: Using suitable drier.
-Viewing: Light intensity adjustable viewer suitable to view 1.8 to 4

21) LOCATION MARKS

Location markers,(Fig.T-275 of ASME Sec V Article 2) ,which are to appear as radiographic images
on the film, shall be placed on the part, not on the exposure holder /cassette ,Their locations shall be
permanently marked on the surface of the part being radio graphed when permitted, or on a map, in a
manner permitting the area of interest on a radiograph to be accurately traceable to its location on the
part, for the required retention period of the radiograph .Evidence shall also be provided on the
radiograph that the required coverage of the region being examined has been obtained.

22) IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING OF RADIOGRAPHS

Each film shall be identified as per following items to avoid any confusion and mismatching in the
reports and relevant films. Marking shall clear the outer edges of the weld.
1) Project identifier manufacture name
2) Column No.
3) Joint No.
4) Welder Stamp
5) Weld Thick
6) Location Mark
7) Pentameter
8) Date of Shooting
9) XR No.
10) Weld number
11) Identification of Shooting Status (Repair: R1, Retake: RT, Reshoot: RS...)
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12) After P.W.H.T with "AP"

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23) ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

For acceptance interpretation of weld the requirements of ASME Sec. VIII Div.1, Appendix 4, UW-51
& UW-52 shall be followed. Imperfections listed in above criteria are unacceptable shall be repaired
as provided in UW-38 and the repair re-examined.
(a) Image Density. Density within the image of the indication may vary and is not a criterion for
acceptance or rejection.
(b) Relevant indications. Only those rounded indications which exceed the following dimensions
shall be considered relevant.
(1) 1/10 t for t less than 3 mm.
(2) 1/64 in. for t from 3 mm to 6 mm
(3) 1/32 in. for t greater than 6 mm to 50 mm
(4) 1/16 in. for t greater than 50 mm

(c) Maximum Size of Rounded Indication. The maximum permissible size of any indication shall be
1/4 t, or 4mm,whichever is smaller; except than an isolated indication separated from an adjacent
indication by 25mm or more may be 1/3 t, or 6 mm, whichever is less.
For t greater than 50mm the maximum permissible size of an isolated indication shall be increased to
10mm.
(d) Aligned Rounded Indications. Aligned indications are acceptable when the summation of the
diameters of the indications is less than t in a length of 12t. See Fig.4-1. The length of groups of
aligned rounded indications and the spacing between the groups shall meet the requirements of Fig.4-
2.
(e) Spacing. The distance between adjacent rounded indications is not a factor in determining ac-
ceptance or rejections, except as required for isolated indications or groups of aligned indications.
(f) Rounded Indication Charts. The rounded indications characterized as imperfections shall not
exceed that shown in the charts. The charts in Figs.4-3 through 4-8 illustrate various types of assorted.
Randomly dispersed and clustered rounded indications for different weld thicknesses greater than
3mm. These charts represent the maximum acceptable concentration limits for rounded indications.
The charts for each thickness range represent full-scale 150mm radiographs, and shall not be enlarged
or reduced. The distributions shown are not necessarily the patterns that may appear on the radiograph,
but are typical of the concentration and size of indication permitted.
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(g) Weld Thickness t less than 3mm. For t less than 3mm the maximum number of rounded indica-
tions shall not exceed 12 in a 150mm length of weld. A proportionally fewer number of indications
shall be permitted in welds less than 150mm in length.
(h) Clustered Indications. The illustrations for clustered indications show up to four items as many
indications in a local area, as that shown in the illustrations for random indications. The length of an
acceptable cluster shall not exceed the lesser of 25mm or 2t, where more than one cluster is present.
The sum of the lengths of the clusters shall not exceed 25mm in a 150mm length weld.

Table 1: Acceptable Indication

SI Units
Maximum Size of Maximum Size of
Thickness
Acceptable Rounded Non-relevant
t, mm Indication ,mm
Random Isolated Indication ,mm
Less than 3 1/4 t 1/3 t 1/10 t
3 0.79 1.07 0.38
5 1.19 1.60 0.38
6 1.60 2.11 0.38
8 1.98 2.64 0.79
10 2.31 3.18 0.79
11 2.77 3.71 0.79
13 3.18 4.27 0.79
14 3.61 4.78 0.79
16 3.96 5.33 0.79
17 3.96 5.84 0.79
19.0 to 50 ,incl. 3.96 6.35 0.79
Over 50 3.96 9.53 1.60

24) EXAMINATION REPORT

Attached form will be used to record examination results.

25) PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION

All operators, must be qualified to SNT-TC-1A level I, European norm: EN 473 entitled “Qualifica-
tion and Certification of NDT Personnel” As a minimum, Interpretation must be carried-out by
inspectors holding at least Valid Certificate to SNT-TC-1A level II, European norm: EN 473 entitled
“Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel” or CSWIP.
General Note:
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All welded joint shall be visually inspected before commencement of any Non Destructive examina-
tion.

26) REPORTING
Operator/Interpreter shall provide a test report (attachment No. 1) after test Performing and film
interpretation and give it to client authorized inspector for review &Approval.

27) FILM STORAGE

Exposed films shall be stored in accordance with ASME SEC V article2 Appendix3 standard.

28) SAFETY SYSTEM

All safety items shall be performed according to Company rules by RT operators.

29) DOCUMENTATION
Vendor shall prepare and document the radiographic technique details and a radiograph review form.
Each radiograph shall be documented on the radiographic examination report. As a minimum, the
report shall include required information, described in Article 2, T- 291, ASME sec. V. The report
shall be prepared and dated by the qualified and certified Level II who examined the evaluation and
disposition of the radiographs and approved by the qualified and certified Level II or Level III who
performed the final acceptance of the radiographs.
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IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A B C D E F I J

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WELD SEAM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H

G G
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A: Project identifier manufacture name

B: Item No.
C: Joint No.
D: Welder Stamp
E: Weld Thick
F: Date of Shooting
G: Location Mark
H: Penetrameter
I: Identification of Shooting
J: After PWHT

Note:
Arrangements of identification markers above are not necessarily in order.
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Fig.1-1 Aligned Rounded Indications

Note: Sum of L1 to LX shall be less than t in a length of 12t.

Fig.1-2 Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications

Note: Sum of the group lengths shall be less than t in a length of 12t.

Maximum Group Length Maximum Group Spacing

L = ¼ in. (6mm) for t less than ¾ in. (19mm) 3L where L is the length of the
L = 1/3t for t3/4 in. (19mm) to 2 ¼ in. (57mm) longest adjacent group being
L = ¾ in. (19mm) for t greater than 2 ¼ in. (57mm) evaluated.
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Fig 1-3 Charts for t equal to 1/8 in. to 1/4 in. (3 mm to 6 mm), Inclusive

Fig 1-4 Charts for t over to 1/4 in. to 3/8 in. (6 mm to 10 mm), Inclusive
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Fig 1-5 Charts for t over 3/8 in. to 3/4 in. (10 mm to 19 mm), Inclusive

Fig.1-6 Charts for t over 3/4 in. to 2 in.(19 mm to 50 mm),Inclusive

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Fig.1-7 Charts for t over 4 in.(100 mm)

Fig.1-8 Charts for t over 4 in.(100 mm)

NOTES:
(1)Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld.
(2) Maximum size per Table 1
 SARKHUN AND GHESHM OIL REFINERY
fateh sanat kimia.co
HEAT EXCHANGER
RADIOGRAPHY EXAMINATION REPORT
Quality Control Department
Project: Technique : SWSI DWSI DWDI Pano Source Type: UG: Report No:
Procedure: Film Type : AA400 AGFA D4 MX125 DR 50 Source Size : Material: Date:
Code/Standard: IQI: 13~19 10~16 6~12 1~7 Source Strength: Sensitivity:
Density: 2~2.5 2.5~3 3~3.5 3.5~4 Page: 19 OF 19
Location : Percentage: Category: Normal Fluid Service Welding Process: GTAW/SMAW
Weld Film Result 1 Result 2 Result 3
Welder Segment (Contractor Interpreter) (FSK) (CLIENT)
Row Drawing&Part No : SIZE MM/IN SFD THK(mm) Req No Length Length Defects Type & Location(cm)
JOINT.NO Stamp (cm)
(mm) (cm) Acc Rep RS RT Acc Rep RS RT Acc Rep RS RT

1
2

4
5

6
7

8
9
10

11
12

13
14
15

16
17

18
19
LC: Longitudinal Crack LOF: Lack of Fusion CP: Cluster Porosity PP: Pipe Porosity SI: Slag Inclusion RC: Root Concavity Film
Legend

TC: Transverse Crack LOP: Lack of Penetration PO: Spherical Porosity CV:Cavities TI: Tungsten Inclusion EP: Excess Penetration Length(cm)
SC: Star Crack
Total
RU: Root Undercut RPO: Random Porosity WH: Worm Hole OI: Oxid Inclusion UF: Under Fill
Sheet (QTY)
CC: Crater Crack CU: Cap Undercut LP: Linear Porosity PH: Pin Hole BT: Burn Through HB: Hollow Bead

CONTRACTOR INTERPRETER FSK CLIENT

DATE: DATE: DATE:

NAME: NAME: NAME:

SING SING SING

[Doc.Code.:FSKO4REI701 Rev.3 Date:90/10/20]