Republic of the Philippines

AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY-IBAJAY CAMPUS

College of Hospitality and Rural Resource Management
Department of Teacher Education
Ibajay, Aklan

I. Project / Research Title: Public’s Level of Awareness and Status

of Implementation of the of the “Smoke
Free Ordinance of Ibajay”

II. Name of the Proponent: Dr. Emily M. Arangote

Dr. Celedonia R. Hilario
Dr. Michael T. Ibisate
Ms. Gemma M. Fernandez
Mr. Raymond P. Elitiong
Mrs. Maricel V. Tribo
Mrs. Bituin Ednoresfa M. Roquero

III. Category: Proposed Research

IV. Implementing Agency Aklan State University-CHARRM

V. Proposed Funding Agency LGU-Ibajay


Aklan State University


VI. Project Duration Expected Start Date: November 2018

Expected End Date: October 2019

VII. Project Location Municipality of Ibajay, Aklan

VIII. Total Budget Requested Php 70,000.00

IX. Endorsed by: PERLITA R. ISRAEL, Ph.D.

Chair, Research and Development

X. Noted by: EMILY M. ARANGOTE, Ph.D.

Campus Director

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B. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

I. Background of the Study

Experts agree that tobacco is the single biggest avoidable cause of cancer

in the world. It doesn’t only cause cancer, but also countless deaths each year

from other conditions, including heart and lung problems. Tobacco was

responsible for more than 100 million deaths worldwide in the 20th Century. The

World Health Organization has estimated that, if current trends continue, tobacco

could cause a billion deaths in the 21st Century (Smoking facts and evidence,

2018).

In the Philippines, a growing number of smokers, particularly among the

younger population had the government concerned, and as early as 2003,

measures to control smoking in public places had been implemented. Among

these are Republic Act No. 9211, also known as the Tobacco Regulation Act of

2003, and memorandum circulars issued by the Land Transportation Franchising

and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) of the Department of Transportation and

Communications and the Civil Service Commission. Most recently, President

Rodrigo Duterte also issued Executive Order No. 26 to impose strict standards

for designated smoking areas (DSAs), and addresses some other sales and

advertising restrictions.

The local government of Ibajay supports this thrust by the national

government, and in fact had a local ordinance implemented in 2013: Municipal

Ordinance No. 184, also known as the Smoke Free ordinance, and was

amended by Municipal Ordinance No. 205 in 2017. As can clearly be seen,

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legislation for regulating the use, sale, distribution, and advertising of tobacco

products, particularly in public places, had been in place, and yet the statistics

show a growing trend in smoking among the younger population. The

researchers, therefore, would like to gain factual, first-hand information about the

awareness and status of implementation of the Smoke Free Ordinance of Ibajay,

and gain an insight as to how strictly this ordinance had been implemented so

far, and whether the public is aware of its existence in the first place.

II. Statement of the Problem

The study will be conducted to determine the Awareness and Status of

Implementation of the Smoke Free Ordinance of Ibajay.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of awareness of the public on the implementation of

the Smoke Free Ordinance of Ibajay?

2. What is the status of implementation of the ordinance?

III. Significance of the study

The conduct of this research would be significant to the following:

LGU-Ibajay. The result of the study will serve as the basis for the LGU’s

measure of implementation effectiveness and future policy-making.

Local Citizens. The findings of this study would be useful to the local

citizens of the Municipality of Ibajay, as they would be made aware of the

effectiveness of the implementation of this ordinance.

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 Aklan State University. The results of the study would add to the

experience and expertise of the school’s researchers in this particular context,

and help them forge an improved and collaborative partnership with the LGU and

the community.

Future Researchers. The findings of the study would help researchers who

might venture to conduct similar studies in the future.

IV. Expected Outputs

The result of the study will serve as barometer for the effectiveness of the

implementation of the ordinance and for policy recommendation for the

formulation of future legislation.

V. Scope and Limitations

The study aims to determine the Awareness and Implementation of the

Smoke Free Ordinance of Ibajay. The respondents of the study will include 195

residents out of 49,564 total population of the Municipality of Ibajay, and the

respondents will be grouped into four: Students, Government Employees, Private

Employees, and Unemployed. The sample will be based on a 7% margin of error,

and the respondents will be represented equally to come up with substantial

output for the study, randomly selected from the different barangays of the

Municipality of Ibajay.

A structured, self-made questionnaire will be used in gathering the

necessary data. The questionnaire will be validated by qualified research and

language experts.

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 Statistical tool to be used will be Weighted Mean for the level of

awareness and status of implementation of the ordinance.

VI. Review of Related Literature

Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of morbidity and

mortality (National Environmental Health Asssociation, 2008). Despite the known

hazards of smoking, almost 3,000 adolescents became new smokers every day

(Thakur, et. al., 2003). Smoking decision process starts very early for many

children and appears only to be narrow time for a period of two to three months

where teenagers can be converted to regular smokers (Albaum, 2002). Young

people who cannot rule out the possibility of smoking are significantly more likely

to start (Herbert, 2007). The Philippines, having a population around 104 million

is the 15th biggest consumer of cigarettes in the world (Mallari, 2002) and the

largest consumer among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (MacKay &

Eriksen, 2002).

Along with the many harmful effects of smoking such as cancer, chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease, dental problems, ulcer and many more smoking

related problems including the social implications such as second hand smoke

which is the third leading preventable cause of death in the US (National

Environmental Health Asssociation, 2008), is the effect of nicotine considered as

a number one entrance to other substance abuse problems and is common with

psychiatric and substance use disorder (Herbert, 2007).

Vaping and e-cigarettes are a recent trend that became an alternative to

smoking, and some considered as a way to quit smoking. However, a recent

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study by the University of Athens found that vapes and e-cigarettes cause health

issues, including lung inflammation, mucous production, and changes in lung

function (including oxidative stress and cellular damage) (Chatwin-Kelly, 2018).

Because of these health risks, governments all over the world have

instituted smoke-free policies to protect the public from the hazards of second-

hand smoke, and the smoking habit itself. A Cochrane systematic review on the

effects of legal regulations such as designation of smoke-free zones in public

places, workplaces, and restaurants (Frazer, et al., 2016) showed a decrease of

secondhand smoking exposure rate, but it could not reach the conclusion in

current smoking rate. In Ireland, one year after smoking ban policies were

implemented in workplaces including service businesses in March 2004, the

smoking rate decreased from 29% to 26% but increased to 28% the following

year (Nagelhout, et al., 2012). In the UK, the rate of smoke cessation increased

within a year after implementation of smoke-free legislation in July 2007, but this

effect did not last (Nagelhout, et al., 2012).

In the Philippines, twenty-eight percent (28%) or 17.3 million Filipino

adults age 15 years and older are tobacco smokers, according to the results of

the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in 2009 (17.3 Million Filipino Adults Are

Current Tobacco Smokers, n.d.). This statistic becomes much more alarming

when compared to the latest polls, which show the number of young smokers

(age 13 – 15) increase from 13.7% in the 2011 Global Youth Tobacco Survey by

the Department of Health’s Epidemiology Bureau to 16% in the 2015 GYTS

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(Aurelio, 2017). This growing trend had the government concerned, and as early

as 2003, measures to control smoking in public places had been implemented.

In 2003, Republic Act No. 9211, also known as the Tobacco Regulation Act

of 2003, an omnibus law regulating smoking in public places, tobacco

advertising, promotion and sponsorship, and sales restrictions, among other

requirements, was implemented, along with memorandum circulars issued by the

Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) of the

Department of Transportation and Communications M.C. No. 2009-036

(regarding smoking in public utility vehicles and land transportation terminals),

and Civil Service Commission M.C. No. 17, s. 2009 (regarding smoking in all

areas of government premises, buildings, and grounds). Most recently, Executive

Order No. 26 of 2017 imposes strict standards for designated smoking areas

(DSAs), imposes duties on persons in charge of public places, prohibits

advertising outside point of sale retail establishments, and addresses some other

sales and advertising restrictions.

VII. Methodology

This section will present and discuss methods to be used on the

collection of data needed in the study.

Research Design

The study will employ descriptive survey design. Descriptive survey

design according to Reyes (2009) is concerned with the determination of

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prevailing conditions. It is essentially a method of qualitative description of the

general characteristics of a group under investigation. This method involves the

gathering of data regarding current conditions. Sometimes this method is known

as status survey, because the nature and status of any group of persons, a

number of objects, a set of conditions, a class of events, etc. has to be obtained.

The study will also employ observation and content analysis to gather and

analyze data.

Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted in the Municipality of Ibajay, incorporating

respondents from each of its 35 barangays.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will include 195 residents out of 49,564 total

population of the Municipality of Ibajay, and the respondents will be grouped into

four: Students, Government Employees, Private Employees, and Unemployed.

The sample will be based on a 7% margin of error, and the respondents will be

represented equally to come up with substantial output for the study, randomly

selected from the different barangays of the Municipality of Ibajay.

Data-Gathering Instrument

A structured, self-made questionnaire will be prepared as data gathering

instrument to elicit information from the respondents.

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 The questionnaire will include Part I: profile of the respondents; Part II will

include questions focused on the level of awareness of the implementation of the

ordinance; and Part III will determine the significant difference in the level of

awareness of the implementation of the ordinance.

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 Data-Gathering Procedure

Copies of the validated questionnaire will be distributed to the respondents

after briefly informing them about the purposes of the study. Each respondent will

be asked to answer the questionnaire honestly, and with assurances that their

identities will remain confidential. Afterwards, the questionnaires will be collected

and tallied, for interpretation and evaluation of the results. Observation and

review of records and documents will also be employed to obtain additional data

needed in the study.

Data Analysis

Statistical tools to be used include Frequency Count and Percentage for

the general descriptions of the profile, Weighted Mean for the level of awareness,

and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for determining the significant difference in the

level of awareness of the implementation of the ordinance. Content analysis will

also be employed.

VIII. Work Plan/ Gantt chart

MONTHS
Activities 2018 2019
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug

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Phase 1:

Conceptualizing

and defining of

specific research

project
Phase 2:

Presentation of

the proposal to the

Local Research

In-House Review
Phase 3:

Presentation of

the proposal to the

University

Research In-

House Review
Phase 4:

Integration of the

panellists’

comments and

recommendations

to the study

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Phase 5:

Preparation and

validation of the

instrument
Phase 6:

Fieldwork activity/

Data gathering
Phase 7:

Consolidation and

interpretation of

findings and

formulating

conclusions and

recommendations
Phase 8:

Dissemination of

the results

(publications, oral

presentations,

forums, etc.)

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Phase 9:

Research team

meeting

(consultation of

reports, updates,

and/or revisions)

XI. Budgetary Outlay

Account
Object of Expenditure Amount
Code
Phase 1: Preparation of research 

proposal 

1. Consultative meeting with the ₱. 1,000.00

team researchers 

2. Presentation of the research ₱. 1,000.00
proposal to the In-House Review
Phase 2. Preparation and validation 

of the instrument 

1. Supply and Materials ₱ 5,000.00

2. Printing of the questionnaires ₱ 4,000.00

3. Conduct of pre-testing ₱10,000.00
Phase 3: Conduct of fieldwork 

activity 

1. Final printing of questionnaires ₱. 4,000.00

2. Meal allowance ₱ 5,000.00

3. Transportation allowance ₱10,000.00

4. Supply and materials ₱. 6,000.00
Phase 4. Consolidation of 

questionnaires and interpretation of 

data 

1. Meals Allowance ₱. 2,000.00

2. Transportation allowance ₱. 5,000.00

3. Supply and materials ₱. 5,000.00

4. Printing of outputs ₱. 4,000.00

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Phase 5. Presentation of final output
1. Printing and Binding ₱. 5,000.00

2. Supply and materials ₱ 3,000.00

TOTAL ₱70,000.00

XII. References

17.3 Million Filipino Adults Are Current Tobacco Smokers. (n.d.). Retrieved from
PSA.gov.ph: https://psa.gov.ph/article/173-million-filipino-adults-are-current-
tobacco-smokers

Aurelio, J. M. (2017, May 5). Number of young smokers on the rise—poll. Retrieved from
www.inquirer.net: https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/261697/number-young-smokers-
rise-poll/

Chatwin-Kelly, B. (2018, October 13). New research finds vaping as bad for your lungs
as smoking. Retrieved from NewsHub.co.nz: https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/
lifestyle/2018/10/new-research-finds-vaping-as-bad-for-your-lungs-as-
smoking.html

Frazer, K., Callinan, J., McHugh, J., van Baarsel, S., Clarke, A., Doherty, K., & Kelleher,
C. (2016). Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke
exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption. Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews, 2. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005992.pub3

Herbert, R. (2007). Nicotine and Tobacco Research. 9(12).

MacKay, J., & Eriksen, M. (2002). The Tobacco Atlas. Geneva: World Health
Organization.

Mallari, D. (2002). Phillip Morris' New Plant a Smoking Showcase. Philippine Daily
Inquirer.

McNamee, R. (2008). Adolescents at Risk of Developing a Substance-use Disorder

Have Deficits in Adolescent Front Brain. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental
Research. Retrieved from ScienceDaily.com: www.sciencedaily.com

Nagelhout, G. E., de Vries, H., Boudreau, C., Allwright, S., McNeill, A., van den Putte, B.,
& Willemsen, M. C. (2012). Comparative impact of smoke-free legislation on
smoking cessation in three European countries. The European Journal of Public
Health, 22(Suppl 1), 4-9.

National Environmental Health Asssociation. (2008). Practical Stuff! Journal of

Environmental Health, 70(8), 54-56.

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Smoking facts and evidence. (2018, September 10). Retrieved from Cancer Research
UK: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/smoking-
and-cancer/smoking-facts-and-evidence

Thakur, N., Rosenthal, M., & Latta, P. (2003). Internet Journal of Academic Physician
Assistants, 3(1), 8-35.

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