Chapter I : DATA OF DESIGN

I.General data

Bridge type : Simply concrete girder brigde

Girder type: Prestress concrete 33m long
Pier type Solid pier
Pile type Cast in place pile
The lenght of left span Lfs 32.2 m
The lenght of right span Lrs 32.2 m
Live load HS20 plus 25%
Application Code AASHTO 44-94 (SI)
Highest water level Hwl 7.6
Pier for caLculating P8
II.Material
1.Concrete
Compressive strength of concrete f'c 290 Kg/cm 4221 psi
Molulus of Elasticcity Ec= 4730.F'c
Ec= 3694228 kg/cm2
Allowable compressive strength fc= 116 Kg/cm2
Allowable tension stress ft= 7.1 kg/cm2
Crack stress fr= 33.6 kg/cm2

2.Reinforcing bar
Allowable tension stress fy= 3000 kg/cm2
Modulus of elasticity Es= 21000000 Kg/cm2

Page 1
 Chapter II : Dead load calculation

I.Dimension data of pier

General view
Side view
Pier name P8

w1
w7
EL4 a2 a2 a2 a2
a3

a4
a1 G2 G3 G4 G5 a4

h4

h5
3

h1
w2

w3 w8

w4 w4

Hp
h2
EL3

h6
A A

EL2
h3

w5 w5 w10
B B
h4

EL1

w9
w6

Section B-B
X (Center line of pier)

Y (Center line of bridge)

w10

Table of dimension
Dimension Name Value Dimension Name Value
I.Gereral view ( Cross section of bridge) II.Side view
Length of top cross beam w1 12.50 Width of cross beam w7 2.00
Length of bottom cross beam w2 7.00 Thickness of pier body w8 1.50
Width of pier body w3 5.00 Width of pier footing w9 6.40
Radius of pier body w4 0.75 Distance between pile w10 4.00
Distance between pile w5 3.30 Bearing pad width a3 0.40
Width of pier footing w6 9.00 Eccencity of bearing pad to center of pier a4 0.60
Distance between bearing pad a2 2.50 Height of cross beam h5 1.00

Page 2
 Width of bearing pad a1 0.64 Height of bearing pad h4 0.03
Height of cross beam h1 2.00 Height of earth layer above pier footing h6 2.83
Height of pier body h2 10.00
Height of pier footing h3 2.00
Height of pier Hp 14.00
The length of pile h4 19.00
Elevation of pile bottom EL1 -23.48
Elevation of pile cap EL2 -4.475
Ground level EL3 0.36
Elevation of top of pier ( center of bridge) EL4 9.525
Notes : Dimension are in m.

II.DEAD LOAD CALCULATION ( D )

1.Dead load from superstructure
a. Left span

Volume Gravity Eccentricity Inner force

No. Name of structure (m3) (ton /m3) (m) Normal force Bending moment
N (ton) Mx(T.m)
1 Main girder (1 span ) 120.5 2.5 -0.4 301.25 -120.5
2 Diaphragm ( 1 span) 29.9 2.5 -0.4 74.75 -29.9
3 Precast slab and curb 25.3 2.5 -0.4 63.25 -25.3
4 Deck slab and parapet 100.8 2.5 -0.4 252 -100.8
5 Asphalt concrete pavements 27.2 2.5 -0.4 68 -27.2
To Tal dead load of left span(DRS) 759.25 -303.7
b. Right span

Volume Gravity Eccentricity Inner force

No. Name of structure (m3) (ton /m3) (m) Normal force Bending moment
N (ton) Mx(T.m)
1 Main girder (1 span ) 120.5 2.5 0.4 301.25 120.5
2 Diaphragm ( 1 span) 29.9 2.5 0.4 74.75 29.9
3 Precast slab and curb 25.3 2.5 0.4 63.25 25.3
4 Deck slab and parapet 100.8 2.5 0.4 252 100.8
5 Asphalt concrete pavements 27.2 2.5 0.4 68 27.2
To Tal dead load of right span ( DLS) 759.25 303.7

To tal dead load from super structure

Normal force ND = N(DRS+DLS /2) 759.25 tons

Bending moment My=1/2(Myl+Myr) 0 tm

2.Dead load of pier

Volume Gravity Eccentricity Inner force

No. Name of structure (m3) (ton /m3) (m) Normal force Bending moment
N (ton) My(T.m)
1 Pier footing (V=w9*w6*h3) 115.2 2.5 0.4 288
2 Pier body 92.67 2.5 0.4 231.68
(V=h2*(P*w4*w4+w3*w9))
3 Cross beam 44.5 2.5 0.4 111.25
V=( w7*h5*w1+(w1+w2)*w7/2)
4 Bearing pad 0.0768 2.5 0.4 0.192
(V=a1*a3*h4 )*10
To Tal dead load of pier ( DLP) 631.12 0

3.Dead load of earth above pier footing

DLEP =g * h6 * w9 * w6 g=1.6Ton /m3

DLEF = 261.09 Tons

Page 3
 Chapter III :CALCULATION OF LIVE LOADS AND OTHERS EFFECT

I.LOAD DATA
Designed load : 1.25 HS-20 ( 3.7 )

STANDARD TRUCK

4.27 4.27 to 9.14 m

P1 P2 P3
LANE LOAD
With ASSHTO standard HS-20
WL =640 LBS/Feet =952 Kg/m
PL = 26000 LBs =11794 Kg

PL WL

P1= 8000 Xx1.25= 10000 LBS= 4.53 ton

Similar for others values
P2 18.12 tons
P3 18.12 tons
PL 14.72 tons
WL 1.189 tons/m

II. CALCULATION LIVE LOAD

1. SPAN DATA
Span length ( Spl) 33
Number of lanes(Nbl) 2
Pedestrian load ( one side ) 0.45 T/m
Impact factor I=15.24 /(32.2 +38 ) = 0.217 ( 3. 8 . 2 )
Reduce coefficients of lanes ASSHTO 3.12 ( 3. 12 )
n*= 1
2.CALCULATION OF LIVE LOAD
Normal force due to lane load N =Spl * Nbl *WL/2 +PL
Normal force due to truck N =2(P1+P2+P3+pP)
Normal force due to pedestrian N=Spl * 0.45

ITEM LEFT SPAN RIGHT SPAN

No. Normal force Moments Normal force Moments

Page 4
 (T ) (T.m) (T) (T.m)
1 Live load due to lane load 53.957 53.957
2 Live load due to trUck 45.3 45.3
3 Pedestrian load ( 2 side) 14.85 14.85
Total 68.807 68.807

Total of live load N(L) 137.61 Tons

Live load and impact N(L+I) 167.49 Tons

III. STREAM FLOW ( SF ) and BUOYANCY ( B )

1.STREAM FLOW
Average pressure affect on pier Pavg = K * ( Vavg )2 ( 3 .18.1.1.1 )
While
K : Ceofficient depends end of pier shape K= 0.7 ( Circle shape)
Vavr : Average of water speed Vavr= 2 m/sec
= 6.5617 ft/sec
Pavr= 30.139 Lb/sq.ft
= 0.1481 T/sq.m
Water level for calculating H= 4
Height of water columN affect on pier Hwap 8.48 m
Exposed area in this case: Aexp =Hwap * w8 Aexp = 12.713 sq.m

Exposed area(Aexp) Horizontal force Zex Moments

No Section Mx
(sq.m) (t) (m) ( tm )
1 A-A 12.713 1.8822 3.24 6.09
2 B-B 12.713 1.8822 4.2375 7.98

2.BUOYANCY
Buoyancy force ( BF ) BF = Vp* g BF= -207.9 Tons

IV. WIND LOAD ( W ) ( Assumed Exposed area for Barrie of wind with 45o of blowing )

1. WIND LOAD ON SUPER STRUCTURE EFFECT TO PIER ( 3.15. 2.1.1 )

Height average of superstructure : Havsp Havsp= 2.5 m
Wind pressure to center line of superstructure Havct= 1.25 m
Length of calculation Loc= 33 m
Exposed Area Aexa= 82.5 sq.m
a. Horizontal direction ( x )
Wind pressure Pw= 33 Lbs/sq.ft 0.1613 T/ sq.m
Wind load in horizontal Wlh= =Pw *Aexa 13.304 tons
b.Longitudinal direction ( y )
Wind pressure Pw= 16 Lbs/sq.ft 0.0782 T/ sq.m
Wind load in longitudinal Wll= =Pw *Aexa 6.4506 tons
Longitudinal
Horizontal Zw Inner force
No. SECTION Force Force Mx My
( t) (t) (m) ( t. m ) ( t.m )
1 A-A 13.30 6.45 13.25 85.47 176.28
2 B-B 13.30 6.45 15.25 98.37 202.89

2. WIND LOAD ON SUBSTRUCTURE ( 3.15.2.2)

a. Horizoltal direction ( x )
Wind pressure Pw= 40 Lbs/sq.ft 0.1955 T/ sq.m
Exposed Area Aexa= 15 sq.m
Wind load in horizontal Wlh= =Pw *Aexa 2.9321 tons
b.Longitudinal direction ( y )
Wind pressure Pw= 40 Lbs/sq.ft 0.1955 T/ sq.m
Exposed Area Aexa= 104 sq.m
Wind load in longitudinal Wll= =Pw *Aexa 20.329 tons
Longitudinal
Horizolral Zw Inner force
No. SECTION Force Force Mx My
( t) (t) (m) ( t. m ) ( t.m )
1 A-A 2.93 20.33 5.00 101.65 14.66
2 B-B 2.93 20.33 7.00 142.30 20.52

Page 5
 3. WIND LOAD ON LIVE LOAD AFFECT ON PIE (WL)
Height from force to top of pier Hftp=2.5 +1.83= Hftp= 4.33 m
a. Horizoltal direction ( x )
Wind pressure Pw= 66 Lbs/ft 0.0983 T/ sq.m
Wind load in horizoltal Wlh= =Pw *33 3.1655 tons
b.Longitudinal direction ( y )
Wind pressure Pw= 32 Lbs/sq.ft 0.0477 T/ sq.m
Wind load in longitudinal Wll =Pw *33 Wll= 1.5729 tons
Longitudinal
Horizolral Zw Inner force
No. SECTION Force Force Mx My
( t) (t) (m) ( t. m ) ( t.m )
1 A-A 3.17 1.57 16.33 25.68 51.69
2 B-B 3.17 1.57 18.33 28.83 58.02

V. LONGITUDINAL FORCE ( LF ) (ASSHTO 3.9 )

Height from force to top of pier Hftp=2.5 +1.83= Hftp= 1.83 m
Based on article 3.9 LF = 5% x N ( L )(one side )
In this case :
LF = 0.05 * N(L) /2 LF= 3.440 tons
Longitudinal
Zf Inner force
No. SECTION Force Mx My
(t) (m) ( t. m ) ( t.m )
1 A-A 3.44 16.33 56.18 0.00
2 B-B 3.44 18.33 63.06 0.00

VI. LOAD DUE TO CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE (T )

Base on inner force of super structure analyse :

Force from change of temperature (FT) FT= 0 tons

Longitudinal
Zt Inner force
No. SECTION Force of T Mx My
(t) (m) ( t. m ) ( t.m )
1 A-A 0.00 12.00 0.00 0.00
2 B-B 0.00 14.00 0.00 0.00

VII. EARTH QUAKE (EQ)

Base on seismic map of VietNam , bridge on level 6
So that : Accelaration ceofficient (A ) A= 0.04
Earthquake will be calculated in 2 direction but not both at the same time
1. Force due to superstructure
Total dead load of superstructure ( ND ) ND= 759.25 Tons
Earth force EQF= 30.37 Tons
Longitudinal
Horizolral Zw Inner force
No. SECTION Force Force Mx My
( t) (t) (m) ( t. m ) ( t.m )
1 A-A 30.37 30.37 12.00 364.44 364.44
2 B-B 30.37 30.37 14.00 425.18 425.18

2. Force due to substructure

Total dead load of pier (DLP) DLP= 631.12 Tons
Total dead load of pier eccept pier footing DLP2= 343.12 Tons
Accelaration ceofficient (A ) A= 0.04
Longitudinal
Horizolral Zw Inner force
No. SECTION Force Force Mx My
( t) (t) (m) ( t. m ) ( t.m )
1 A-A 13.72 13.72 5.00 68.62 68.62
2 B-B 25.24 25.24 7.00 176.71 176.71

LF

W+WL W+WL

Page 6
 T+S+C

W W

Zf

Zt
SF

Zw
D+L

Chapter IV :COMBINATIONS OF LOAD

1.COMBINATION OF LOAD FOR SECTION A-A ( LOAD FACTOR )

a.GROUP I

MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.3 Name Value
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 1.67 279.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 6.09
5 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Wind load W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Change of temparutare T 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1462.21 0.00 1.88 0.00 6.09
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1900.87 0.00 2.45 0.00 7.92

B.GROUP II

MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.3 Name Value
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 6.09
5 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Wind load W 1.00 0.00 26.78 16.47 187.12 190.94
7 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Page 7
 9 Change of temparutare T 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1182.50 26.78 18.35 187.12 197.04
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1537.25 34.81 23.86 243.25 256.15
C.GROUP III

MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.3 Name Value
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 1.00 167.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 6.09
5 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Wind load W 0.30 0.00 8.03 4.94 56.13 57.28
7 Wind load on live load WL 1.00 0.00 1.57 3.17 25.68 51.69
8 Longitudinal force by live load LF 1.00 0.00 3.44 0.00 56.18 0.00
9 Change of temparutare T 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1349.99 13.05 9.99 138.00 115.07
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1754.98 16.96 12.99 179.39 149.58
D.GROUP IV

MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.3 Name Value
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 1.00 167.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 6.09
5 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Wind load W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Change of temparutare T 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1349.99 0.00 1.88 0.00 6.09
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1754.98 0.00 2.45 0.00 7.92

E.GROUP V

MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.25 Name Value
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 6.09
5 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Wind load W 1.00 0.00 26.78 16.47 187.12 190.94
7 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Change of temparutare T 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1182.50 26.78 18.35 187.12 197.04
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1478.12 33.47 22.94 233.90 246.30
F.GROUP VI

MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.3 Name Value
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 1.00 167.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Page 8
 4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 6.09
5 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Wind load W 0.30 0.00 8.03 4.94 56.13 57.28
7 Wind load on live load WL 1.00 0.00 1.57 3.17 25.68 51.69
8 Longitudinal force by live load LF 1.00 0.00 3.44 0.00 56.18 0.00
9 Change of temparutare T 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1349.99 13.05 9.99 138.00 115.07
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1687.49 16.31 12.49 172.49 143.83
G. GROUP VII ( Inner force follow 2 direction not happen at the same time)

MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.3 Name Value
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 6.09
5 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Wind load W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Change of temparutare T 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Earthquake EQ 1.00 0.00 44.09 44.09 433.06 433.06
TOTAL 1182.50 44.09 45.98 433.06 439.16
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1537.25 57.32 59.77 562.98 570.91

RESULT TABLE FOR ALL COMBINATION OF SECTION A-A

Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. GROUP N Y(Longitudinal) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 GROUP I 1900.87 0.00 2.45 0.00 7.92
2 GROUP II 1537.25 34.81 23.86 243.25 256.15
3 GROUP IIII 1754.98 16.96 12.99 179.39 149.58
4 GROUP IV 1754.98 0.00 2.45 0.00 7.92
5 GROUP V 1478.12 33.47 22.94 233.90 246.30
6 GROUPVI 1687.49 16.31 12.49 172.49 143.83
7 GROUP VII 1537.25 57.32 59.77 562.98 570.91

2. COMBINATION OF LOAD FOR SECTION B-B ( LOAD FACTOR DESIGN )

A.GROUP I

MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.3 Name Value
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 1.67 279.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure E 1.00 261.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
6 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Change of temparutare T 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1723.30 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 2240.28 0.00 2.45 0.00 10.37

Page 9
 B.GROUP II
MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment
No. Load factor g=1.3 Name Value N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure E 1.00 261.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
6 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Change of temparutare T 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1443.59 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1876.67 0.00 2.45 0.00 10.37

C.GROUP III
MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment
No. Name Value N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.3
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 1.00 167.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure E 1.00 261.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
5 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Wind load W 0.30 0.00 8.03 4.94 72.20 67.02
7 Wind load on live load WL 1.00 0.00 1.57 3.17 28.83 0.00
8 Longitudinal force by live load LF 1.00 0.00 3.44 0.00 63.06 0.00
9 Change of temparutare T 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1611.08 13.05 9.99 164.09 75.00
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 2094.40 16.96 12.99 213.32 97.50
D.GROUP IV

MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. Name Value N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.3
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 1.00 167.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure E 1.00 261.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
6 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Change of temparutare T 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1611.08 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 2094.40 0.00 2.45 0.00 10.37

E. GROUP V

MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. Name Value N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.25
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure E 1.00 261.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98

Page 10
 6 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load W 1.00 0.00 26.78 16.47 240.68 223.42
8 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Longitudinal force by live load LF 1.00 0.00 3.44 0.00 63.06 0.00
10 Change of temparutare T 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12 TOTAL 1443.59 30.22 18.35 303.73 231.39
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1804.49 37.78 22.94 379.67 289.24

F. GROUP VI
MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment
No. Name Value N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.25
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 1.00 167.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
5 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Wind load W 0.30 0.00 8.03 4.94 72.20 67.02
7 Wind load on live load WL 1.00 0.00 1.57 3.17 28.83 0.00
8 Longitudinal force by live load LF 1.00 0.00 3.44 0.00 63.06 0.00
9 Change of temparutare T 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1349.99 13.05 9.99 164.09 75.00
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1687.49 16.31 12.49 205.11 93.75

G. GROUP VII
MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment
No. Name Value N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.3
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
5 Earth pressure E 1.00 261.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Change of temparutare T 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Earthquake EQ 1.00 0.00 55.61 55.61 601.89 601.89
TOTAL 1443.59 55.61 57.50 601.89 609.87
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1876.67 72.30 74.75 782.46 792.83

RESULT TABLE FOR ALL COMBINATION OF SECTION B-B

Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. GROUP N Y(Longitudinal) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 GROUP I 2240.28 0.00 2.45 0.00 10.37
2 GROUP II 1876.67 0.00 2.45 0.00 10.37
3 GROUP IIII 2094.40 16.96 12.99 213.32 97.50
4 GROUP IV 2094.40 0.00 2.45 0.00 10.37
5 GROUP V 1804.49 37.78 22.94 379.67 289.24
6 GROUPVI 1687.49 16.31 12.49 205.11 93.75
7 GROUP VII 1876.67 72.30 74.75 782.46 792.83

3. COMBINATION OF LOAD FOR SECTION B-B ( USING OF LOAD DESIGN )

Page 11
A.GROUP I
MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment
No. Name Value N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.0
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 1.00 167.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
4 Earth pressure E 1.00 261.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Wind load W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Change of temparutare T 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1611.08 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1611.08 0.00 1.94 0.00 7.98
B.GROUP II

MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. Name Value N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.0
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
5 Earth pressure E 1.00 261.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load W 1.00 0.00 26.78 16.47 240.68 223.42
8 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Change of temparutare T 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1443.59 26.78 18.35 240.68 231.39
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1443.59 26.78 18.35 240.68 231.39

C.GROUP III
MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment
No. Name Value N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.0
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 1.00 167.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
5 Earth pressure E 1.00 261.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load W 0.30 0.00 8.03 4.94 72.20 67.02
8 Wind load on live load WL 1.00 0.00 1.57 3.17 28.83 0.00
9 Longitudinal force by live load LF 1.00 0.00 3.44 0.00 63.06 0.00
10 Change of temparutare T 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1611.08 13.05 9.99 164.09 75.00
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1611.08 13.05 9.99 164.09 75.00

D.GROUP IV
MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment
No. Name Value N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.0
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 1.00 167.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
5 Earth pressure E 1.00 261.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Page 12
 8 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Change of temparutare T 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1611.08 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1611.08 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98

E. GROUP V
MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment
No. Name Value N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.0
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
5 Earth pressure E 1.00 261.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load W 1.00 0.00 26.78 16.47 240.68 223.42
8 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Change of temparutare T 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1443.59 26.78 18.35 240.68 231.39
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1443.59 26.78 18.35 240.68 231.39
F. GROUP VI

MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

No. Name Value N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.0
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 1.00 167.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
5 Earth pressure E 1.00 261.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load W 0.30 0.00 8.03 4.94 72.20 67.02
8 Wind load on live load WL 1.00 0.00 1.57 3.17 28.83 0.00
9 Longitudinal force by live load LF 1.00 0.00 3.44 0.00 63.06 0.00
10 Change of temparutare T 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Earthquake EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 1611.08 13.05 9.99 164.09 75.00
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1611.08 13.05 9.99 164.09 75.00

G. GROUP VII
MEMBER OF LOAD Load factor Normal force Horizoltal force Moment
No. Name Value N Y(Longitudina) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Load factor g=1.0
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 Dead load from super structure bD 1.00 759.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Pier dead load bD 1.00 631.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Live load + impact L+I 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Stream Flow pressure SF 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
5 Earth pressure E 1.00 261.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Buoyancy B 1.00 -207.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Wind load W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 Wind load on live load WL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Longitudinal force by live load LF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Change of temparutare T 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Earthquake EQ 1.00 0.00 55.61 55.61 601.89 601.89
TOTAL 1443.59 55.61 57.50 601.89 609.87
VALUE FOR CACULATION ( MULTI g ) 1443.59 55.61 57.50 601.89 609.87

RESULT TABLE FOR ALL COMBINATION OF SECTION B-B

(SERVICE LOAD DESIGN)

Normal force Horizoltal force Moment

Page 13
No. GROUP N Y(Longitudinal) X(Horizoltal) Mx My
Tons (Tons) (Tons) T.m T.m
1 GROUP I 1611.08 0.00 1.94 0.00 7.98
2 GROUP II 1443.59 26.78 18.35 240.68 231.39
3 GROUP IIII 1611.08 13.05 9.99 164.09 75.00
4 GROUP IV 1611.08 0.00 1.88 0.00 7.98
5 GROUP V 1443.59 26.78 18.35 240.68 231.39
6 GROUPVI 1611.08 13.05 9.99 164.09 75.00
7 GROUP VII 1443.59 55.61 57.50 601.89 609.87

Page 14
Caculation of inner force due to change of temperatute
Apply to : P4,P5,P6 P4

1.CACULATION LAY- OUT AND DATA

a.
Caculation lay-out as below
J2,F J2,F J2,F J2,F
2 2 2 2

L3
L1

L2
J1,F1 J1,F1 J1,F1

P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
b.Data
J1 ,F1 : Moment of interial and crossection are of pier
J2, F2 : Moment of interial and crossection area of girder system
L1,L2,L3 : Distance from bearing to bottom of pier
T : Change of temperature

J1 3.25 m4
F1 3.2 m2
J2 1.6 m4
F2 9.26 m2
L1 12.5 m
L2 12.5 m
L3 12.5 m
T 20 o
C

2.Result from caculation

Result from caculation of SAP90 program

Inner force apear at bottom of pier

H (T)

P5 24.34

P6 0

P7 -24.34

Page 15+12
 CHAPTER V : CHECKING THE PIER

I.CROSS BEAM OF PIER CHECKING

P As

x1

h1

d1
W7

1.Data of load and dimension

P : Reaction at bearing P= 270.13 tons ( Group I )
h1 ; Height of cross section h1= 2 m= 200 cm 78.74 in
Width of cross section w7= 2 m= 200 cm 78.74 in
X1= 2.5 m
X 3.75 m
Yt : distance from neutral axis to the extreme tension fiber Yt= 1 m 100 cm
Moment at caculated section M1=P.X1 M1= 675.32 T.m
Uniform load by seft-weight Uf= 8.9 Ton/m
Moment at caculated section by seft weight M2=X2 x Uf /2
M2= 62.578
Total moment for calculating Mc= 737.9 T.m 73790013 Kgcm
Shear force Vu= 303.5 Tons 303504 KG
Distance from extreme surface to center of reinforment d :
d= 1.74 m= 174 cm 68.504 in
Moment of inertia of concrete section Ig 133333333 cm4

2.Material data

Diameter of bar D= 29 mm
Number of bar n= 28 bars
Total reinforcement area As As= 184.95 cm2
Allowable tensile stress of reinforcement fy= 3000 Kg/cm2 = 42639 psi
Allowable compressive strenght of concrete fc= 116 kg/cm2
Compressive strenght of concrete f'c= 290 kg/cm2 = 4121 psi
Cracking stress allowable = 7.5 * f'c1/2 fr= 33.71 kg/cm2
3.Checking the section of cross beam
a. Check the moment

Height of rectangle stress in concrete (a)

As . f y ( 8 -17 )
a= '
0. 85 . f c . w7

a= 11.254 cm
Reduction factor f= 0.9 (8.16.1.2.2)

a
Capacity moments of section M n = A s . f y (d− ) ( 8 - 16 )
2
Mn= 93419434.6047 Kgcm = 934.19 tm

f * Mn=0.9 * 934 = 841 Tm > Mc= 738 tm Check condition OK

b. Checking the cracking of section

Reinfoecement ratio of section r =As/ ( W7 X H1 ) = 0.0046 = 0.46 %
b1= 0.85 (8-16-2-7)
'
0 . 85 β . f c1 87000 (8-18)
ρb = ( )
fy 87000+ f y

Page 16+13
 '
0 . 85 β . f c1 87000
ρb = ( )
fy 87000+ f y

rb= 0.0469 = 4.7 %

Condition checking in ASSHTO 8.16.3.3.4

r= 0.46 % < 0.75rb= 3.5 % Check condition OK

Allowable stress in reinforcement (8.16.8.4)

fs = z / ( Dc.A )1/3
Dc= 2 in
A= 72.57 cm2 = 11.249 sq.in
Z= 2E+05 Lbs/in
fs= 22670 Psi

c.Checking the shear

Reduction factor for shear fv= 0.85 (8.16.1.2.1)
Total reinforcement (6-D16) Av= 12 cm2
Reinforcing space s 15 cm
Diameter of bar 1.6 cm
Vc=2 √ f ' c . d . b w
Shear in concrete section (8.16.6.2.1 )

Vc= 7E+05 Lbs = 313.72 Tons

Shear in reinforcement A v . f y (sinα+cosα )d (8.16.6.3.3 )

Vs=
s
sina + cos a =1
Vs= 4E+05 Kg = 417.6 tons

Shear capaccity of section Vn = Vc + Vs Vn= 731.32 tons (8.16.1.1 )

fv * Vn=0.85*501.4 = 622 Ton >Vu = 303.5 tons Check condition OK

Check the minimum reinforcement area

Av= 12 cm2 >Avmin = 3.5 cm2 Check condition OK

Page 17+13
II. PIER BODY CHECKING

Assumed the rectangular section for calculating is the same moment of inertia with similar thickness.
SECTION B-B

d
Bc=5
B=6.5
m

1. Dimension data and material data

Original Section Caculation section

Thickness H= 150 cm H= 150 cm

Moment of inertia Ig= 165475489 cm4 Ig= 165475489 cm4
Width of section B= 650 cm Bg= 588.4 cm
Diameter of bar 32
Number of bar 40
Area of reinforcement of pier As 0.0196 m2 = 196 cm2
As 0.0196 m2 = 196 cm2
As 0.0068 m2 = 68 cm2
As 0.0068 m2 = 68 cm2

Total reinforcement area Ats 0.0528 m2

Area of section C-C Ag 7.5 m2
Compressive strenght of concrete f'c 2900 T/m2 = 290 Kg/cm2
Yield strenght of st reinforcement fy 30000 T/m2 = 3000 Kg/cm2

Factor of intensity reduction f 0.9

b1 0.85
d 1.4 m = 140 cm
dy 5.77 m = 577 cm
d'y 2.5
2. Check the capacity of moments
Height of rectangle stress in concrete (a) As . f y
a= '
0. 85 . f c.b

a
Capacity moments of section M n = A s . f y (d− )
2
In AASHTO 8.16.4.3 :
Pu= 1901 tons < 0.1 * f'c *Ag = 2175 tons

Formula for checking : Mux Muy ( 8-38 of article 8.16.4.3 )

+ ≤1
φ Mnx φ . Muy

Page 18+13
 TABLE RESULT FOR CHECKING

(N ) Y X Mx My ay ax f.Mny f.Mnx
Group Mx / f.Mnx + My /f.Mny
Tons ton Ton Tm Tm m m tm tm
Group I 1900.9 0.0 2.4 0.0 7.9 0.041 0.055 2736.7 730.2 0.003
Group II 1537.2 34.8 23.9 243.3 256.1 0.041 0.055 2736.7 730.2 0.427
Group III 1755.0 17.0 13.0 179.4 149.6 0.041 0.055 2736.7 730.2 0.300
Group IV 1755.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 7.9 0.041 0.055 2736.7 730.2 0.003
Group V 1478.1 33.5 22.9 233.9 246.3 0.041 0.055 2736.7 730.2 0.410
Group VI 1687.5 16.3 12.5 172.5 143.8 0.041 0.055 2736.7 730.2 0.289
Group VII 1537.2 57.3 59.8 563.0 570.9 0.041 0.055 2736.7 730.2 0.980

2. Checking the cracking of section

Reinfoecement ratio of section r =As/ (Ag ) = 0.0052 = 0.52 %
b1= 0.85 (8-16-2-7)
'
0 . 85 β . f c1 87000 (8-18)
ρb = ( )
fy 87000+ f y

rb= 0.047 = 4.7 %

Condition checking in ASSHTO 8.16.3.3.4

r= 0.52 % < 0.75 rb= 3.5 % Check condition OK

Page 19+13
III. PIER FOOTING CHECKING

d
h=2

Bf=9.0

1.DATA

Width of pier footing Bf= 9.00 m 900 cm 354.33 in

Height of pier footing H= 2.00 m 200 cm 78.74 in
Height of center of reinforcement to compressive side d 1.85 m 185 cm
Number of pile that make the reaction on pier footing n 3
Reaction of pile on pier P 328.13 Tons
Moment at pile head Mp 14.59 tm
Distance from center of load point to checking section X= 1.25 m
Diameter of main reinforcement Dr= 2.5 cm
Number of bar Nr= 71
Total reinforcement area As= 348.52 cm2
Yield stregnht of reinforecemet fy 3000 kg/cm2
Compressive strenght of concrete f'c 290 kg/cm2 4125 psi
Moment inertia of section Ig= 6 m4 6E+08 cm4
Moment for checking M = n*(P.X + Mp)
M= 1274 Tm

Shear for checking V= n . P V= 984.39 tons

Page 20+13
2.Checking the moment capacity

Height of rectangle stress in concrete (a) As . f y

a=
0. 85 . f 'c . b
Where value in item data we have a= 4.7129 cm

a
Nominal moment strenght of section M n = A s . f y (d− )
2
Mn= 190965018.029 kg.cm
Mn= 1910 Tm

f * Mn=0.9 * 1909 = 1719 Tm > M= 1657 tm Check condition OK

2. Checking the cracking of section

Reinfoecement ratio of section r =As/ (Bf.h ) = 0.0019 = 0.19 %
b1= 0.85 (8-16-2-7)
'
0 . 85 β . f c1 87000 (8-18)
ρb = ( )
fy 87000+ f y

rb= 0.047 = 4.7 %

Condition checking in ASSHTO 8.16.3.3.4

r= 0.19 % < 0.75rb= 3.5 % Check condition OK

3.Checking the shear

Reduction factor for shear fv= 0.85 (8.16.1.2.1)
Total reinforcement (10-D16) Av= 16 cm2
Reinforcing space s 12.5 cm
Diameter of bar 1.6 cm

Shear in concrete section Vc=2 √ f ' c .d . b W (8.16.6.2.1 )

Vc= 4E+06 LBS = 1623.41 tons

Shear in reinforcement A v . f y (sinα+cosα )d (8.16.6.3.3 )

Vs=
s
sina + cos a =1
Vs= 7E+05 Kg = 710.4 tons

Shear capaccity of section Vn = Vc + Vs Vn= 2333.81 (8.16.1.1 )

fv * Vn=0.85*2333 = 1984 Ton >Vu = 984.4 tons Check condition OK

Page 21+13
 CHAPTER VI : PILE CACULATION

I. CACULATING THE CAPACITY OF PILE

h3
w5 w5 w10
B B

Lp
Dp

1 2 3
Y

X
2

2
2

3.3 3.3

1.Data
a .Pile data
Diameter of pile Dp= 1.2 m
Number of pile Np 6
Area of pile section Ap 1.13 m2
Length of pile Lp 17.00 m
Moment inertia of pile Ip 0.102 m4
Free length of pile Lo 0.00 m
w10 4.00 m
w5 3.30 m

Pile number X Y Dp Lp Ip Pile weight ( W )

m m m m m (Tons )
1-1 -3.3 2 1.2 17.00 0.102 48.1
1-3 3.3 2 1.2 17.00 0.102 48.1
2-2 0 0 1.2 17.00 0.102 48.1
3-1 3.3 -2 1.2 17.00 0.102 48.1
3-3 -3.3 -2 1.2 17.00 0.102 48.1

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b. Earth layer data

Layer Soil description Depth Height SPT g f Cu fs(T/m2) Qs

(m) ( T /m3) Kg/cm2
1 Coarse sand 2.5 2.5 6 1.6 1.68 15.8
2 Coarse sand 5 2.5 5 1.6 1.4 13.2
3 Coarse sand 7 2 5 1.6 1.4 10.6
4 Highly organic soil 9 2 3 1.6 0.3 1.65 12.4
5 Highly organic soil 11 2 4 1.6 0.4 2.2 16.6
6 Highly organic soil 13 2 5 1.6 0.4 2.2 16.6
8 Coarse sand 15 2 13 1.6 3.64 27.4
9 Highly decomposed 17 2 50 1.7 20.2 152.5
granit
Total 17 Qs= 265

2.Calculation the load capacity of pile follow the earth layer.

1.5m of first layer will not calculate for Qs
Formula for caculating the capacity of pile
Ultimate capacity of pile Qult = Qs + Qt -W ( 4.6.5.1)
Safe factor for caculating FS= 3
Allowable capacity Qalt =Qult / FS (4.6.5.1-3)

Formula for caculating the qs with bored pile Sand qs=0.028N Kg /cm2
Clay qs=a. Su Kg /cm2
Rock qs=0.144.qsr Kg/cm2

Formula for caculating end bearing capacity Rock Qb=Nms.Co.Ap

Compressive strength Co= 4000 T/m2 4.4.8.1.2.b
Co= 5697 psi
qsr= 200 psi
qsr= 14 kg/cm2
qsr= 140 T/m2
Ceoffiction for estimating Qult Nms= 0.38 4.4.8.1.3
Adhension factor applied to Su a 0.55
End bearing capacity Qt= 1719.1 Tons
Qs= 265 Tons
W= 48.1 Tons
Qult= 1936.1 Tons

Allow capacity of pile load Qalt=Qult /KF

Qalt= 645 T
3. Pile capacity follow the material
Modulus of concrete Ec 2.50E+06 T/m2
Modulus of reinforcement Es 2.00E+07 T/m2
As :Area of reinforcement As= 0.01585 m2
fy :Allowable stress in steel fy= 30000 T/m2
Ap :Area of pile section Ap= 1.13 m2
f'c :Allowable stress in concrete f'c 1160 T/m2
Ultimate capacity of pile follow the material
Qo = 0.7(0.85 f'c .Ap+fy *AS)
Qo= 1112.8 Tons

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II. CACULATION THE INNER FORCE IN PILE BY SERVICE LOAD
1.Combination load for caculating

N X Y MY MX
No Group
Tons Tons Tons Tm Tm
1 Group 1 1611.1 1.9 0.0 8.0 0.0
2 Group2 1443.6 18.4 26.8 231.4 240.7
3 Group 3 1611.1 10.0 13.0 75.0 164.1
4 Group 4 1611.1 1.9 0.0 8.0 0.0
5 Group 5 1443.6 18.4 26.8 231.4 240.7
6 Group 6 1611.1 10.0 13.0 75.0 164.1
7 Group 7 1443.6 57.5 55.6 609.9 601.9

Chosing group 5 for caculating

2.Result of inner force

a. Combination load group V

Group V
N= 1443.6 tons
X= 18.4 tons
Y= 26.8 tons
Mx= 240.7 tm
My= 231.4 tm

TABLE RESULT OF PILE CALCULATION

M N H Dz Dx Dy
No Piles
tm t t m m m
1 3-3 -14.83 256.34 4.97 0.0015 0.0013 0.0023
2 2-2 -14.83 281 4.97 0.0016 0.0013 0.0023
3 3-1 -14.83 236.18 4.97 0.0014 0.0013 0.0023
4 1-1 -14.83 325.84 4.97 0.0019 0.0013 0.0023
5 1-3 -14.83 305.68 4.97 0.0018 0.0013 0.0023

b. Combination load group VII ( Only for x direction )

Group VII
N= 1443.6 tons
X= 57.5 tons
Y= 0.0 tons
My= 0.0 tm
Mx= 601.9 tm

TABLE RESULT OF PILE CALCULATION

M N H Dz Dx Dy
No Piles
tm t t m m m
1 3-3 -14.59 203.06 6.13 0.0012 0.0045 0.0008
2 2-2 -14.59 281 6.13 0.0016 0.0045 0.0008
3 3-1 -14.59 233.89 6.13 0.0014 0.0045 0.0008
4 1-1 -14.59 328.13 6.13 0.0019 0.0045 0.0008

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 6 1-3 -14.59 358.96 6.13 0.002 0.0045 0.0008

Pile force is OK in comparision with Qalt

For more detail of pile force and deflection , refer to references( From PILING program).

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