De Sem 6 PDF

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Affiliated
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

BHARUCH
A Report of
“PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL”
Under subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING – 2B
B. E. SEM – 6
(Chemical Engineering Department)
Submitted by: Group 7

Sr. NAME Enrollment No.
1 PATEL AXITKUMAR R. 160140105031

2 PATEL HIMANI M. 160140105032
3 PATEL JAYKUMAR B. 160140105033
4 PATEL JIGARKUMAR R. 160140105034
1
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Project Report entitled “PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL”

submitted by, PATEL AXITKUMAR(160140105031), PATEL HIMANI
(160140105032), PATEL JAYKUMAR (160140105033), PATEL JIGARKUMAR
(160140105034), studying at GOVERNMENTENGINEERINGCOLLEGE BHARUCH for
partial fulfilment of the Subject DESIGN ENGINEERING -2B (2160001)
This project work has been carried out under my guidance and supervision and it is up
to my satisfaction.
DATE:
PLACE:
--------------------------------------- -------------------------------
Signature and Name of Faculty guide Signature and Name of HOD
(Prof. N. R. Vaghela) (Prof. N. R. Vaghela)
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are feeling glad to present our report on “PRODUCTION OF
BIODIESEL”. We have divided the topic into various sub-topics, so that
the topics can be arranged and understood properly. The topics are arranged
in proper sequence to ensure smooth flow of the topic.
We are thankful and We would like to express our special thanks
of gratitude to our Faculty guide “Prof. N R VAGHELA” who gave us
golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
“PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL” which also helped us in doing a lot of
Research work and for his incredible support and encouragement that she
has extended. We are also thankful to our parents and friends and other
staff members for their assistance and guidance.
PATEL AXITKUMAR 160140105031

PATEL HIMANI 160140105032
PATEL JAYKUMAR 160140105033
PATEL JIGARKUMAR 160140105034
3
ABSTRACT
Oil and fuel are one of the most important resources of any nation. The
search for alternate energy resources is an emerging trend. Among the various
sources analyzed, cooking oil proves to be one of the feasible raw material
which can be transesterified to biodiesel. Cooking oil has been subjected to
microwave assisted estrification having methanol and NaOH as catalyst to
produce biodiesel. By this method reaction time could be reduced to 2 hours to
30 mins.
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No Topic Page No.
1 INTRODUCTION 6
1.1 Necessity for Production of Biodiesel 6
1.2 General Conventional Method 7

2 PRODUCTION METHODOLOGY 8
2.1 Estimation of free fatty acid 8

2.2 Microwave assisted Transesterification 9
2.3 Microwave Assisted and Conventional Transesterification 10
3 CANVAS SHEETS 12
3.1 AEIOU 12
3.2 Empathy Mapping 12
3.3 Ideation 13
3.4 Product Developement 13
3.5 Mind mapping 14
3.6 Learning Need Matrix 15
4 PROTOTYPE 16
5 CONCLUSION 17
6 REFERENCE 18
5
INTRODUCTION
The development of a nation and its sustainability depends upon the

natural resources. Among all the resources coal and oil researves are
considered as the most important minerals which determine the economy of
a country. All the industrial activities need energy. Hence, coal and oil plays
a vital roles backbone of economy of a nation. Nature has offered few
sources of biofuel which could be obtain by exploiting biomass and
lignocellulose waste.
Necessity for Production of Biodiesel

One of the best fuel considered as energy resources is biodiesel. It is
necessary because it is a cleaner burning replacement fuel made from
renewable sources like new or used vegetable oils and animal fats. Biodiesel
also considered as eco-friendly as it has zero gas emission to meet the present
needs biodiesel can be blended with diesel and it is commercially available.
Raw materials could be:
 Jatropha oil
 Sunflower Oil
 Coconut Oil
 Cooking Oil
 Lin seed Oil
 Groundnut Oil
 Rape seed Oil
6
General Conventional Method
In general biodiesel produced by conventional method most commonly

done by using plants or other various raw materials that consist
transesterification steps in which selected oils was carried out heating the oil.
In this process alcohol combines with triglycerides molecules from acid to form
glycerol and ester. The glycerol is then removed by density separation. Simple
alcohol are used for transesterification and this process is usually carried out
with basic catalyst NaOH and KOH incomplete absence of water.
7
PRODUCTION METHODOLOGY
Estimation of free fatty acid
Free fatty acid are generated through the hydrolysis of triglycerides

during the high temperature cooking process. The acid value determination in
oils is based on the acid base titration technique. The titration was carried out
by taking 5 gm of oil and 50 ml of methanol and heated for 10 minutes .few
drops of phenolphthalein indicator was added and it was titrated against 0.1
NaOH. The acid number can be calculated according to eq.
Acid Number = 40*V*N/W
M.W. = Molecular weight of Sodium hydroxide

V = Volume of NaOH solution required for titration
N = Normality of NaOH
W = Sample weight
FFA% can be calculated by the Eq
FFA% = Acid Number/2
The acceptance range of free fatty acid is less than 2%. If the acid
number is greater than 2% then the oil is not suitable for transesterificaton
process.
8
Microwave assisted Transesterification
In microwave assisted biodiesel production, methanol containing 1%

w/v NaOH were mixed with oil (6:1) in a beaker and was heated by the
microwave heat source. The reactants were subjected to the microwave
irradiation (with an output power of 1000w) for 3mins. The products of the
transesterification were allowed to settle for phase separation.
9
Microwave Assisted and Conventional Transesterification
The Microwave assisted conventional transesterfication process was

carried out at different catalyst concentration and time interval to increase the
yield of biodiesel for a economically feasible transesterification process. The
cooking oil (100ml) was filtered to remove the residue and heated to 110⁰C
for 10mins. The base catalyst sodium hydroxide was added at different
concentration of 1 wt%,0.75 wt% and 0.5 wt% and the experiment was
conducted for different reaction time (120mins,60mins,45mins and 30mins).
The oil-methanol-catalyst mixture of molar ratio 6:1 was transferred into the
beaker and transesterification process was conducted for different time periods
in conventional method and simultaneously it was assisted by microwave
process for 3mins which was followed by phase separation.
10
CANVAS SHEETS
1. AEIOU Canvas
Activities:
Activities are goal-directed sets of action-paths towards things people want to
accomplish.
Environment:
Environments include the entire here activities takes place.
Interaction:
Interactions are between a person ad someone or something else; they are
building blocks of activities.
Object:
Object are the basis on which the whole activities depend upon.
User:
Users are the people whose behaviours, preferences and needs are being
observed.
11
2. Empathy Canvas:
Empathy canvas comprises about the story boarding which include happy and
sad story about our project. That justify the related incident to the person that
uses our product for example industries and many scientist uses biodiesel which
include their related stories to that.
12
3. Ideation Canvas:
Ideation canvas in which we tried to elaborate ideas and thoughts towards our
project topic by mainly focusing on activities, what different types of props
and possible solutions will occur. Also the people involved and finally the
location and on the situation for which we will work. On the basis of the
study. We made possible solutions.
13
4. Product Development Canvas:
In this version of canvas our main product development issues have

been discussed as we conclude our project in the last semester of our
design engineering subject. This canvas mainly will be concluded and
also developed after we design our project.
14
5. Mind mapping:
Mind mapping is overall layout of DE project. And it shows all the process of
designing our project. Mind mapping refer to a technical that designers and
engineers use to express and generate ideas. Mind mapping also help to
generate possible solutions to your problem or to identify different types of
users to your projects.
15
6. Learning Need Matrix Canvas:
In this canvas there are main 3 stages for making LNM.
 During B.E. 2nd year: Stage 1

 Durimg B.E. 3rd year: Stage 2
 During B.E. 4th year: Stage 3
This is the canvas especially for the purpose and well known product.
16
PROTOTYPE
17
CONCLUSION
This report has discussed about production of biodiesel through our

experiment. The objectives of this projects were to reduce the rate of fuel, to
increase the life of engine.
18
REFERENCES
 Mercy Nisha Pauline, Anant Achary, Microwave assisted Biodiesel
Production from Waste Cooking Oil, International Journal of applied
Engineering Research (2015).
 Nizehe Azcan, Ozlem Yilmiz, Microwave assisted transesterification

of waste frying oil and concentrate methyl ester content of biodiesel
by molecular distillation, Fuel. 2013.
 Shakinaz A. El Sherbiny, Ahmed A. Refaat, Shakinazt. El Sheltawy,

Production of Biodiesel using the microwave technique, Journal of
advance Research (2010).
19

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GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Submitted by: Group 7

1 PATEL AXITKUMAR R. 160140105031

This is to certify that Project Report entitled “PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL”

Signature and Name of Faculty guide Signature and Name of HOD

(Prof. N. R. Vaghela) (Prof. N. R. Vaghela)

PATEL AXITKUMAR 160140105031

Sr. No Topic Page No.

1.1 Necessity for Production of Biodiesel 6

1.2 General Conventional Method 7

2.1 Estimation of free fatty acid 8

The development of a nation and its sustainability depends upon the

Necessity for Production of Biodiesel

In general biodiesel produced by conventional method most commonly

Estimation of free fatty acid

Free fatty acid are generated through the hydrolysis of triglycerides

Acid Number = 40*V*N/W

M.W. = Molecular weight of Sodium hydroxide

FFA% can be calculated by the Eq

FFA% = Acid Number/2

In microwave assisted biodiesel production, methanol containing 1%

The Microwave assisted conventional transesterfication process was

In this version of canvas our main product development issues have

In this canvas there are main 3 stages for making LNM.

 During B.E. 2nd year: Stage 1

This report has discussed about production of biodiesel through our

 Nizehe Azcan, Ozlem Yilmiz, Microwave assisted transesterification

 Shakinaz A. El Sherbiny, Ahmed A. Refaat, Shakinazt. El Sheltawy,

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Acid Number = 40VN/W