CLOSED-CIRCUIT

TELEVISION (CCTV)
TRAINER
Table of Contents
OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................. 3
EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................................................ 3
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 4
INDIVIDUAL BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................... 5
1) Neoh Wei Li ................................................................................................................................. 5
IR camera ........................................................................................................................................ 5
2) Ng Kia Luxe .................................................................................................................................. 6
Speed Dome Camera ...................................................................................................................... 6
3) Ng Huei Xin.................................................................................................................................. 7
Day/Night CCTV............................................................................................................................... 7
4) Ng Ying Yi..................................................................................................................................... 8
Dome Camera ................................................................................................................................. 8
PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Part 1: Image quality inspection ......................................................................................................... 9
Part 2: Motion detection .................................................................................................................. 10
Play back the motion recorded ......................................................................................................... 11
RESULT .................................................................................................................................................. 12
Part 1: Image quality inspection ....................................................................................................... 12
Part 3: identification of CCTV zoning in TAR University College ....................................................... 12
DISCUSSION........................................................................................................................................... 14
CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................... 16
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 17
OBJECTIVES
1. To demonstrate how the CCTV system, operate.
2. To identify and examine the CCTV system available in the specified zone within the
University college.

EQUIPMENT

1. Speed dome camera

2. IR camera
3. Day/night camera
4. Dome camera

5. DVR with hard disk

6. LCD monitor
7. Keyboard for speed
dome camera

8. Aluminium frame
INTRODUCTION
Closed circuit television (CCTV) plays a significant role in protecting the public and assisting
the police in the investigation of crime. It is estimated that there are five million CCTV cameras
in use today. CCTV is used by a wide range of organisations to prevent crimes. In experiment
part 1, contextual inquiry was used to identify the image quality that could be capture. The
findings revealed a number of factors which interfered with task performance, such as camera
positioning, workstation setups, locating scenes, and the quality of CCTV recordings. The
experiment is to compare the quality of image could be focus within 4 types of CCTV which
named Speed Dome Camera, IR Camera, Dome Camera, and also Day/Night Camera.
However, in experiment part 2, we get to know how to control the view in the monitor window.
In experiment part 3, we get the chance to identify the types and functions of CCTV in the
University College.

Through this practical we got to understand the importance of CCTV and its history of
development. There are many types and series of CCTV and each of then having the different
function or use. Therefore, the factors need to be considered while selecting the CCTV for use.
INDIVIDUAL BACKGROUND

1) Neoh Wei Li
Group : B
ID : 18WVD03041

IR camera

Also known as thermographic camera, is a surveillance system that has the function of
recording footage in low light environment. An infrared camera is a non-contact device that
detects infrared energy (heat) and converts it into an electronic signal, which is then processed
to produce a thermal image on a video monitor and perform temperature calculations. Heat
sensed by an infrared camera can be very precisely quantified, or measured, allowing you to
not only monitor thermal performance, but also identify and evaluate the relative severity of
heat-related problems. Generally speaking, the higher an object's temperature, the more
infrared radiation is emitted as black-body radiation. A special camera can detect this radiation
in a way similar to the way an ordinary camera detects visible light. It works even in total
darkness because ambient light level does not matter. Some have more advanced settings which
can automatically change to night mode/ IR mode according to the time. This type of camera
tends to be installed at areas which are dim or dark most of the time, or street corners in order
to capture car accidents or crime.
 2) Ng Kia Luxe
Group : B
ID : 18WVD03375

Speed Dome Camera

The Speed Dome cameras are dome shaped with the most important feature of 360° PAN
rotation and 180° tilt of the camera with inbuilt motor and optical zoom with large range of
zoom options depending on the model. The Camera comes in a weather proof enclosure making
it easy to use in most of the outdoor locations. These cameras also can be made to move
automatically on a pre-set pattern of movement and can be set for auto tracking which helps to
record the area under surveillance more effectively using the inbuilt control in the DVR or
using the Wide ranges of accessories for easy control of these cameras are also available like
joystick and mounting kits for indoor and outdoor installations. Most of the speed dome camera
used in outdoor locations.
 3) Ng Huei Xin
Group : B
ID : 18WVD03616

Day/Night CCTV

Figure 1: Day/Night Camera

A day and night camera is a security camera that can see the picture during day hours, where
there is enough sunlight. However, during the night time can capture the picture or video clearly
in the darkness or minimum of illumination. A day and night camera contain of special lenses
to works better in the dark condition. It allows infrared emission which produced by infrared
LEDs to reflect from object and reach the CCD or CMOS chip inside the camera. As a result,
human can see the better quality of video and images in the screen. An infrared emission also
known as infrared light, it has longer wavelength than other visible light, and therefore
generally invisible to human eye, without the assist of infrared emission the quality of the night
image would not be able to capture.
The day and night camera also have modifications in their digital signal processor (DPR) that
compensates for the difference in illumination between day and night modes. HDR technology
may also be used in more expensive model to compensate for the difference in between shaded
and lighted area in illumination of surveillance.
 4) Ng Ying Yi
Group : B
ID : 18WVD03599

Dome Camera
The CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) is a modern technology used
for visual observation designed to monitor all the variety of rooms,
spaces and activities. It is very popular product among the ordinary
customers like banks, state and military objects. CCTV cameras are
the eyes of CCTV system and there are a wide range of CCTV cameras
available to ensure the clarity and flexibility observation and security
systems require. There are four types of the CCTV cameras that had
used in this experiment. They are Speed Dome camera, IR camera,
Dome camera and Day or night camera.
One of the CCTV camera that had used in the experiment is Dome camera. Dome
Cameras are named for their dome-like shape. Dome cameras are more fashionable and blend
in very well with the surroundings, so they are commonly used in surveillance systems inside
of homes, casinos, retail stores, and restaurants. Dome camera is difficult for someone to tell
which direction the lens of a Dome Camera is actually aiming because of their dome shape.
Dome cameras are packed with infrared LED lights to work perfectly with little or no light at
all. This is a strong piece of design, deterring criminals by creating an air of uncertainty. The
wired dome camera can get power juice and send video signals over the same CAT5 or CAT6
cable. Then you can access the dome CCTV cameras from anywhere on your mobile devices
over internet.
There are many benefits of the dome camera. One of the benefits is dome camera is
variety and diversity. Dome cameras come in different shapes and sizes. The very notion of
outdoor dome security cameras means they are born to be a variety which not only indicates
the variety of design mentioned before, but also the practical application on various setting
such as cross-road, parking lot, supermarket, backyard and others. Moreover, dome camera has
wide angle. The very element in the dome security camera design – dome shape launches it on
a path to be multi-functional and flexible, which sets them apart from the bullet-shaped camera
as bullet cameras are intensively targeting on certain designated patch of land. Besides, Dome
cameras are discreet and low profile. They are not readily noticeable and conspicuous, which
is particularly useful for the front door, church surveillance or places where you don’t expect
passers-by or visitors to be instantly aware of the existence or where about of surveillance
cameras.
Although there are many benefits of dome cameras, any outdoor cameras could be
easily become dusty and a potential hotbed for spider webs if not being well maintained. Thus,
regular maintenance and cleaning on the surface on any security cameras are necessary to
prevent the CCTV cameras broke down soon after installation.
PROCEDURE
Part 1: Image quality inspection
1) Pressed the – or + button and you will able to see
all the view in the monitor window.

2) Placed an object in the aluminium frame.

3) Adjusted the speed dome with the keyboard

controller to focus the display object.

4) Observed the quality of each of the camera.

Compare the result
Part 2: Motion detection
1) Pressed the – or + button and you will able to see all the
view in the monitor window.

2) Changed the window to view all mode, and Press on

the respective CH button for desired camera.

3) Moved your hand in front of the camera, observe the wording appearance at the
bottom of the monitor.
Play back the motion recorded

1) Pressed the play button on DVR unit.

2) Selected search by time and press enter.

3) Choose your desired date and time.

4) Started the play back by pressing the start button.

RESULT
Part 1: Image quality inspection

Camera Image quality

Speed dome camera Very clear
IR camera Clear
Dome camera Not clear
Day/Night camera Blur

Part 3: identification of CCTV zoning in TAR University College.

1) The CCTV system was found at block M. TAR University
college. This CCTV system also known as IR CAMERA.

2) This CCTV system was found in the library. TAR University

College. This CCTV system also known as DOME CAMERA.

3) This CCTV system was found at the Main gate’s guard

house. TAR University College. This CCTV system also
known as DAY/NIGHT CAMERA.

4) This CCTV system was found at the outside of the sport

complex. TAR University College. This CCTV system also known
as IR CAMERA.
DISCUSSION
1. Trace the history on the development of CCTV system and its importance.

CCTV systems available today are very different from earlier versions. At very first,
human uses live monitoring. The earliest documented use of CCTV technology was in
Germany in 1942. Later, primitive reel-to-reel recording systems were introduced to
help preserve the data gathered. A major development in the history of CCTV occurred
when video cassette recordings (VCRs) became widely available in the 1970s. When
multiplexing solutions became available. This technology allows video signals from a
number of CCTV cameras to be combined and displayed on one monitor. VCRs have
been replaced with digital video recorders (DVRs), making CCTV systems simpler
and more user-friendly. Coming right up-to-date, it’s possible to purchase network
video recorders (NVRs). These systems work by encoding and processing video in
cameras and then streaming the footage to NVRs for storage or remote viewing.

 Increased deterrent – CCTV systems are a great deterrent to potential thieves.

 Safer working environment – CCTV helps to ensure adherence to health and safety
policies and can be invaluable in staff training.
 Remote monitoring – Keep an eye on your home or business when you aren’t
there. CCTV systems can be viewed and controlled remotely over the internet
 Reduced fear of crime – Knowing you are well protected gives a feeling of
security that should not be underestimated.
 Increased professionalism – CCTV is an excellent staff training tool.

2. What are the types of camera available? Describe briefly on each.

An infrared camera is a non-contact device that

detects infrared energy (heat) and converts it into
IR camera an electronic signal, which is then processed to
produce a thermal image on a video monitor and
perform temperature calculations.

Dome cameras are commonly used in surveillance

systems inside of homes, casinos, retail stores,
Dome camera and restaurants. This is because dome cameras are
more fashionable and blend in very well with their
surroundings.
A day and night camera is a security camera that
Day/Night can see the picture during the day hours, when
camera there is enough sunlight, and during the night in
total darkness or minimum illumination.
Speed dome cameras also called PTZ dome
cameras are widely used in middle and big scale
Speed Dome surveillance areas, it can monitor the whole area
with just one speed dome camera and without any
blind spot
3. Discuss the factors which affect the camera selection.
It helps in determining the distance at which a
camera will stay in best focus. Greater depth of field
offers a larger coverage of the entire perimeter,
Depth of Field
whereas shallow depth of field captures details only
within a set range. Shallow depth of filed can also
result in blurred images.

This determines the size of the image and the angle

of field of view captured by the camera. It is crucial
Focal Length in determining the magnification abilities of a
camera. A longer focal length captures a narrower
area but cover a larger distance vice versa.
Both of these regulate the amount of light entering a
lens. Aperture decides how crisp and clear an image
Aperture and
appears, whereas iris ensures optimum and ambient
Iris
light intensity by changing in size to accommodate
the light available various times of the day.

4. Discuss the effectiveness of setting up CCTV system in neighbourhood with the aim
of crime prevention.

Since CCTV practically works in every area, it can definitely reduce the crime. As the
numbers of CCTV increases, the lower the crime rates. CCTV footage can be obtained
and act as an evidence to help solve a crime. Police involvement in the camera control
room led to more success. Although it is helpful, there will be some blind spot since
some old CCTV need natural or artificial lighting in order to have clear footage. The
most successful or safe to place a CCTV with almost a perfect crime solved is located
in the car park.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion we have practice the CCTV System and get to know more about the
function of it. The CCTV camera needs to be activated by DVR unit, through this we get to
understand more and know how to work on with the CCTV camera, like focusing on an object
and identify the viewing zone of camera. There is four types of CCTV camera which is Speed
Dome Camera, IR Camera, Dome Camera and also Day/ Night Camera. The function of the
CCTV camera is almost the same but each type of it has the different image quality. Moreover,
we also get the chance to examine the type of CCTV in University College. The different type
of CCTV camera is installed at different location of University College, because each of it has
different function and some others factors will be affecting the selection of camera. The CCTV
camera also comes with its history in the development. The importance of CCTV camera is use
for security and surveillance reasons and the way to setting up the CCTV camera will help more
in preventing of crime.
REFERENCES
How does FLIR works? (13 6, 2019). Retrieved from FLIR: https://www.flir.com/discover/how-does-
an-ir-camera-work/

Reolink. (12 6, 2019). Top 7 Reasons to Buy and Use Dome Security Cameras. Retrieved from Reolink:
https://reolink.com/reasons-to-buy-and-use-dome-security-camera/

What Are the Different Types of CCTV Camera? (12 6, 2019). Retrieved from Caught On Camera:
https://www.caughtoncamera.net/news/different-types-of-cctv/#question_1