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    Different Types of Arguments

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    Jamie Vod
    The document discusses four different types of arguments: the modern American five part essay, classical western argument, Toulmin argument, and Rogerian argument. It provides the structure and purpose of each type of argument. The modern American five part essay is taught as a standard format with an introduction, three body paragraphs with claims and support, and a conclusion. The classical western argument aims to persuade or reveal truths, following an introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, and summation. A Toulmin argument assembles the strongest evidence to support claims, with an introduction outlining the claim and qualifiers, then data, warrants, backing, counterarguments, and conclusion. Finally, a Rogerian argument finds consensus by acknowledging different view

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    Different Types of Arguments

    Uploaded by

    Jamie Vod
    183 views2 pages
    The document discusses four different types of arguments: the modern American five part essay, classical western argument, Toulmin argument, and Rogerian argument. It provides the structure and purpose of each type of argument. The modern American five part essay is taught as a standard format with an introduction, three body paragraphs with claims and support, and a conclusion. The classical western argument aims to persuade or reveal truths, following an introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, and summation. A Toulmin argument assembles the strongest evidence to support claims, with an introduction outlining the claim and qualifiers, then data, warrants, backing, counterarguments, and conclusion. Finally, a Rogerian argument finds consensus by acknowledging different view

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    Different Types of Arguments

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    The document discusses four different types of arguments: the modern American five part essay, classical western argument, Toulmin argument, and Rogerian argument. It provides the structure and purpose of each type of argument. The modern American five part essay is taught as a standard format with an introduction, three body paragraphs with claims and support, and a conclusion. The classical western argument aims to persuade or reveal truths, following an introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, and summation. A Toulmin argument assembles the strongest evidence to support claims, with an introduction outlining the claim and qualifiers, then data, warrants, backing, counterarguments, and conclusion. Finally, a Rogerian argument finds consensus by acknowledging different view

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    183 views2 pages

    Different Types of Arguments

    Uploaded by

    Jamie Vod
    The document discusses four different types of arguments: the modern American five part essay, classical western argument, Toulmin argument, and Rogerian argument. It provides the structure and purpose of each type of argument. The modern American five part essay is taught as a standard format with an introduction, three body paragraphs with claims and support, and a conclusion. The classical western argument aims to persuade or reveal truths, following an introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, and summation. A Toulmin argument assembles the strongest evidence to support claims, with an introduction outlining the claim and qualifiers, then data, warrants, backing, counterarguments, and conclusion. Finally, a Rogerian argument finds consensus by acknowledging different view

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     University Writing & Speaking Center

    Different Types of Arguments


    Contributor: William J Macauley Jr, PhD

    Modern American Five Part Essay


    As a teaching tool, these arguments are often about students learning to support claims with
    evidence.
    • Intro: Hook and thesis
    • Point One: First claim & support
    • Point Two: Second claim & support
    • Point Three: Third claim and support
    • Conclusion: Implications or future & restate thesis

    This type of argument is readily adaptable in terms of size, argument, and application, but it is
    not the only option available.

    Classical Western Argument


    Remember that these arguments were often directed toward two (not mutually exclusive)
    purposes: persuading an audience of the wisdom of an argument or revealing/understanding
    ‘capital-T truths.’

    Five main parts:


    • Introduction, which warms up the audience, establishes goodwill and rapport with the
    readers, and announces the general theme or thesis of the argument.
    • The narration, which summarizes relevant background material, provides any
    information the audience needs to know about the environment and circumstances that
    produce the argument, and set up the stakes–what’s at risk in this question.
    • The confirmation, which lays out in a logical order (usually strongest to weakest or most
    obvious to most subtle) the claims that support the thesis, providing evidence for each
    claim. (DEPENDS ON AUDIENCE)
    • The refutation and concession, which looks at opposing viewpoints to the writer’s
    claims, anticipating objections from the audience, and allowing as much of the opposing
    viewpoints as possible without weakening the thesis.
    • The summation, which provides a strong conclusion, amplifying the force of the
    argument, and showing the readers that this solution is the best at meeting the
    circumstances.
     University Writing & Speaking Center
    Toulmin Argument
    Remember that the point of a Toulmin argument is often to assemble the strongest evidence in
    support of the claims being made. In short, the best argument wins.
    • Parts: Data, Claim, Warrant, Qualifiers, Rebuttal, Backing
    • Structure (point by point in each section):
    o Introduction of the problem or topic: hook, introduce problem/topic, introduce
    claim w/ qualifiers.
    o Data in support of claims
    o Explore warrants: connections between claims and data
    o Factual backing to show logic is real and theoretically sound
    o Discuss counter-arguments and provide rebuttal
    o Conclusion: implications, summation, evocative thought

    Rogerian Argument
    The Rogerian argument is designed to find the best possible solution based on the needs and
    interests of those involved, in short some version of consensus.

    Essay Structure for a Rogerian Argument


    • Works to build understanding between opposing viewpoint by acknowledging that a subject can
    be looked at from different standpoints.
    • Introduction: Acknowledge and provide fair assessment of opposing argument.
    • Acknowledgment of the Opposition: Builds trust through acknowledgment and identification of
    merit in opposing argument.
    • State Your Thesis: Your thesis is the position you are taking regarding the essay’s subject.
    • Support Your Thesis: Explain why your thesis is valid and shows deep inquiry.
    • Conclusion: Benefits of your argument, even if it cannot solve the entire problem (say so, if this
    is the case), and recognize more work to be done.

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