CHAPTER 9 4.

RISK TREATMENT
- identifies the cause of the risks,
9.1 CONCEPT OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
treatment strategies and implements
(DRR) AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
treatment plans
MANAGEMENT (DRRM
5. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
- oversees the implementation
progress of the disaster risk
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (DRR) management process
- systematic efforts to minimize - conducts periodic investigation and
vulnerabilities and disaster risks, to avoid analysis of impact and achievement
(prevention) or to limit (mitigation and
preparedness) the effects of hazards
RISK IDENTIFICATION
MITIGATION MEASURES

- designed to minimize disaster-related

RISK ANALYSIS
losses (life, property or assets, and
environment)

PREPAREDNESS MEASURES RISK PRIORITIZATION

- early warning
- DRR treatment activities RISK TREATMENT
- also done before a disaster-causing
event

EXAMPLES OF DRR ACTIVITIES MONITORING AND

EVALUATION
1. building code revision and
implementation
EXAMPLES OF MITIGATION MEASURES
2. hazard and vulnerability analysis
3. zoning and land use management 1. strengthening of buildings to avoid
4. public awareness and education collapse
5. early warning systems (forecasting and 2. proper timing of crop cycles
dissemination of warnings) 3. restriction of activities in volcanic
danger zones
COMPONENTS OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
4. determining which facilities require fire-
DRR – process which is done before a safe roofing materials
disaster strikes. 5. flood-control projects
6. crafting and implementation of land
1. RISK IDENTIFICATION
- identifies the hazards & potential EXAMPLES OF PREPAREDNESS MEASURES
threats based on experience and
1. planning for evacuation routes and
records
camps and logistics for providing relief
2. RISK ANALYSIS
supplies
- aims to establish the magnitude and
2. stock piling of equipment and supplies
likelihood of occurrence of the
3. promotion of public awareness
event
3. RISK PRIORITIZATION
- analyzes and identifies priority
subjects requiring treatment
EARLY WARNING 9.2 COMMUNITY-BASED DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT (CBDRRM) FOR
- part of preparedness measures
PREPAREDNESS: EMERGENCY PLAN,
- must be timely, specific and should
explain the hazard process MONITORING AND EVALUATION, EARLY
- understandable for common people WARNING SYSTEMS, AND SURVIVAL KITS AND
- includes statements on evacuation MATERIALS
routes and safe destinations
- issued by credible and authoritative COMMUNITY-BASED DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
spokespersons only AND MANAGEMENT (CBDRRM)
- tri-media and privately-owned forms of - empowers the people by recognizing
communications and devices are and emphasizing the value of
helpful communities and local organizations
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
- entire array of activities aimed at - limited by budget and
reducing the severity of impact of the organizational capability
disaster-causing event which are
- cannot also be in disaster right
undertaken before, during and after a
away
disaster
so CBDRRM is important
PRE-EVENT: Risk Assessment
Mitigation or Prevention - taps local knowledge and expertise
Preparedness readily
SYN-EVENT: Emergency Response - cost-effectiveness and sustainability of
(rescue, evacuation, relief) activities
POST-EVENT: Recovery
Rehabilitation WHO ARE THE PARTICIPANTS IN CBDRRM?
Reconstruction - engages community not only in DRR but
also in all phases of the disaster
management cycle
- tasks of decision-making and activity
implementation rest primarily on local
people and organizations with the
national government as supportive
partner

MEMBERS OF CBDRRM
 NGAs SCHOOL
NGOs
private entities - microcosm of both the
UN agencies community it belongs to and of
the country

SUPPORT
technical IMPLEMENTATION OF CORRECTIVE MEASURES
material
financial 1. Planning/ Organizing the Earthquake Drill

A.
Community-
o form Disaster Risk Reduction
Based DRRM Management (DRRM) team to
take charge of first aid, rescue,
security, evacuation and
communications
RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
o designate over-all coordinator to
- formulation of policies see the most recent school
- frameworks for timely and effective grounds maps and building
warning floorplans

BUT COMMUNITIES CAN CERTAINLY

B. Perform activity before proceeding.
PARTICIPATE
o DRRM team should inspect the
EX. 1. Monitoring lahars and subtle school or invite a competent
changes in volcanic activity school or city/municipal
personnel for orientation.
2. Observing the onset and
gradual development of landslides 2. Developing the School Earthquake
Evacuation Plan
3. Reporting unusual hazard-
related phenomena o designate an open area for each
class
o indicate on the map the
CBDRRM IN SCHOOLS dangerous points
o indicate with arrows the route of
Educational institutions are indispensable students
actors in community-based DRRM o make sure everyone is oriented
STUDENTS o prepare earthquake survival kits
and first aid kits
- most vulnerable sectors of the
population 3. Orientation Prior to the Conduct of
- most potent agents of all aspects Earthquake Drill
of the disaster management o covered lessons on the nature
cycle and origin of earthquakes and
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS safety measures
o DUCK, COVER, and HOLD
- When students conduct o off-campus educational trip for
earthquake or fire drills, the an orientation (ex. PHIVOLCS)
knowledge and skills they acquire
are transferred directly to their
families and to their communities.
4. Actual Conduct of Earthquake Drill

o inform the neighborhood about

the scheduled drill
o assign observers along the routes

a. ALARM PHASE
- school bell or fire alarm alerts
everyone about the onset of the
earthquake

b. RESPONSE PHASE (during alarm)

- execute duck, cover, and hold

c. EVACUATION PHASE (after alarm)

- when the shaking stops, everyone
should then get ready to
evacuate the place
- route indicated in the evacuation
plan should be followed and
gather at the designated area

d. ASSEMBLY PHASE
- everyone must gather on the
designated place

e. HEAD COUNT PHASE

- teachers or class presidents
should then make a roll call to
check if everyone is present and
safe
- search and rescue team should
check the whereabouts of
missing and injured people

f. EVALUATION
- identifies problem encountered
that would pose difficulties in a
real earthquake situation
- finds solution which shall be part
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