Step-by-Step Data Acquisition For Test, Control, and Design
Step-by-Step Data Acquisition For Test, Control, and Design
Step-by-Step Data Acquisition For Test, Control, and Design
Processor Display
Power
RAM
Supply
KF8 optional slide - if customers already familiar with NI, you can skip
Kristi Fairchild, 9/16/2004
KF6
Modular Hardware
KF6 optional slide - if customers already familiar with NI, you can skip
Kristi Fairchild, 9/16/2004
Virtual Instrumentation Applications
• Test
– Physical/environmental measurements
– Prototype validation
– Manufacturing test
– And more…
• Control
– Industrial monitoring and control
Data
– Motion control Acquisition
– And more…
• Design
– Simulation and prototyping
– Design characterization
– And more…
Developing a DAQ System – Four Steps
System
System System Software
Test and
Specification Setup Development
Calibration
Source: 2004 National Instruments Survey of DAQ Customers and Prospects, n = 377
System Specification
System specification accounts for 7% of the total cost of
data acquisition*
System
System System Software
Test and
Specification Setup Development
Calibration
*Source: 2004 National Instruments Survey of DAQ Customers and Prospects, n = 377
What is a DAQ System?
Input Signals
Application Software (LabVIEW)
Measurement Services Software
(NI-DAQmx)
V
Conditioning A/D
Output Signals
Signal D/A
DIO
i TIO
V
KF14
Distributed Desktop
PXI Portable/Handheld
Slide 11
KF14 optional: slides in appendix with more information on comparing the hardware platforms
Kristi Fairchild, 11/3/2004
M Series – Next Generation Data Acquisition
• More Performance
– Up to 18-bit resolution
– Up to 1.25 MS/s sampling rates
– NI-MCal: 5x accuracy
improvement
• More I/O
– Up to four analog outputs
– Up to 48 digital I/O
• More Value
– Lower prices
Signal Conditioning Hardware Options
Application Software
Driver Engine
Hardware
Shielded Cable
System Setup and Configuration
System setup accounts for 23% of the total cost of data
acquisition*
System
System System Software
Test and
Specification Setup Development
Calibration
• USB DAQ
• Sensors Plug&Play
• NI-DAQmx
• Measurement & Automation Explorer (MAX)
configuration utility
*Source: 2004 National Instruments Survey of DAQ Customers and Prospects, n = 377
Plug&Play DAQ Systems
• USB DAQ
– Plug-and-play installation
– Automatic driver association
– No rebooting computer
– Ready-to-run data logger included with
some devices
• Sensors Plug&Play
– Based on IEEE 1451.4
– Confirm sensor connection
– Eliminate paper data sheets
– Remove data entry errors
• Faster setup
– Decrease setup steps by up to 50%
Measurement and Automation Explorer (MAX)
Task and Built-in test
channel panel windows
creation
Device
configuration
and connection
Signal connection
management
diagrams
To Configure a DAQ System
• Install hardware
• Test it to make sure it works
• Configure signal conditioning
• Test to make sure signals are connected properly
KF16
KF16 need to add B & C portions to this exercise that show calibration, import/export wizard
Kristi Fairchild, 11/23/2004
Developing a DAQ System
Software development accounts for 30% of the total cost of
data acquisition*
System
System System Software
Test and
Specification Setup Development
Calibration
• AI/AO/DIO/CTR/Triggering/Synchronization
• NI-DAQmx Measurement Services software
• LabVIEW development environment
* Source: 2004 National Instruments Survey of DAQ Customers and Prospects, n = 377
Software Development Tools
• Configuration-based tools
– SignalExpress (Test, Design)
– VI Logger (Test)
Channel 0 Channel 0
MUX AMP ADC
Channel 1
Channel 1
Simultaneous sampling
Channel 1
Channel 1 AMP ADC
Analog Input – Sampling Rates
ADC
Resolution: 16-bit
10 mV signal Range: ± 10 V 32 levels of resolution
WITHOUT AMPLIFICATION
Analog Input – Range and Amplification
AMP
ADC
X100
10 mV signal Resolution: 16-bit
Range: ± 10 V
WITH AMPLIFICATION
Lowpass
Filter
• Removes noise
• Blocks unwanted frequencies
• Prevents aliasing
Analog Input – Sensor and High Voltage Measurements
High voltage signals and most sensors require signal
conditioning to properly read the signal
Current Excitation,
RTDs
Linearization, Filtering
Sensors
UUT
sensors attached to the device (Power
SCXI-1530
SCXI-1125
Signal Tool)
– Results Conditioning
Captronic Systems
Host PC
Analog Output
Analog Output – Considerations
• Architecture • Waveform Frequency
• Accuracy – Update Rate
– Resolution – Settling Time
– Absolute Accuracy – Number of Cycles in the Buffer
• Range
– Adjustable versus Fixed
Channel 1
Channel 1 DAC
Analog Output with M Series and LabVIEW
• Same three methods as AI
– DAQ Assistant
– Code Generation
– NI-DAQmx API
• Multiple AO operations can
occur in parallel
• M Series analog output
– Up to four 16-bit AO channels
– Up to 2.8 MS/s output
– Programmable AO ranges
– Programmable DC offsets
Exercise 3 – Generating an Analog Output
Waveform
LabVIEW Software
NASA Glenn Research Center Host PC
Digital I/O
Digital I/O – Terminology
• General Terminology
– Bit – The smallest unit of data. Each bit is either a 1 or a 0.
– Line – One individual signal in a port. Bit refers to the data transferred.
Line refers to the hardware.
– Port – A collection of digital lines.
• M Series digital I/O
– 10 MHz digital pattern I/O
– Synchronization with AI and AO
– Up to 48 digital I/O lines
NI-DAQmx Programming in LabVIEW
Count Register
Source
• No blocking
• No extra programming
• M Series
3 DMA/ 3 IRQ
Acquired Signal
Input Signal
Trigger Threshold
Trigger Signal
Triggering – Digital
Acquired Signal
Input Signal
Trigger Signal
What Is Synchronization?
• Intra-board
– Synchronization among multiple operations on the same device
• Inter-board
– Synchronization among multiple operations on multiple devices
• Types
– Shared trigger
– Shared clock
– Shared clock and trigger
Triggering and Synchronization with LabVIEW
and M Series
• Methods of synchronization
– External clock (shared hardware clock)
– Real-Time System Integration (RTSI) bus
• NI-DAQmx
– Automatic signal routing
• M Series
– Correlated I/O
– Generation and routing of RTSI signals for multi-device synchronization
– Generation and routing of internal and external timing signals
– PLL for clock synchronization
– Trigger source options
• Digital – Any PFI, RTSI, or PXI_STAR signals
• Analog – APFI <0..1> or analog input channel
Synchronization – Application Example
• Low Cost Integrated Road Simulator
– Goal –Develop a road simulator and virtual
road simulator for the design and durability
testing of Honda motorcycles Responses (vertical
axle acceleration, etc)
– How synchronization was used – To Test
System
System System Software
Test and
Specification Setup Development
Calibration
• NI-MCal
• Self calibration in MAX
Source: 2004 National Instruments Survey of DAQ Customers and Prospects, n =377
M Series Calibration – NI-MCal
Feature Benefit
Polynomial fit Higher accuracy
Self-calibration at all
Higher accuracy
ranges
Ultra-stable precision
Two year calibration interval
voltage reference
measurements.
NI-MCal generates a 3rd order
polynomial correction from multiple
calibration points.
0V 5V Voltage In
A recent study of data acquisition users showed:
On average, nearly 2/3 of total application cost is
development time cost
Source: 2004 National Instruments Survey of DAQ Customers and Prospects, n =377
Reduce Development Time and Total Application
Costs with NI Data Acquisition Technologies
• NI-DAQmx Measurement Services Software
– Fast, easy configuration
– Faster programming with DAQ Assistant and auto-code generation
– Faster, more accurate self-calibration with NI-MCal
• DAQ Hardware
– M Series – Better performance, more value
– USB – Fast setup and configuration
– Sensors Plug&Play – Faster setup and programming
• LabVIEW Development System
– Flexible development environment
– Tight hardware integration through NI-DAQmx
Appendix
• Related products
• Services and support
• Detailed hardware platform comparisons
• Linux and DAQmx Base details
• Detailed application examples
Related Products – Other Multifunction DAQ
• S Series multifunction DAQ • Portable multifunction DAQ
– Simultaneous sampling – For USB, PCMCIA, and
– Dedicated A/D converter per FireWire
channel – Up to 24-bit resolution
– Up to 16-bit resolution – Up to 1.25 MS/s
– Up to 10 MS/s
NEW NI CompactFlash DAQ
• NI CF-6004
– Four 14-bit AI channels
– Sampling rate
• Up to 200 kS/s single channel
• Up to 100 kS/s multi-channel
– Four DIO lines
• Programmable with LabVIEW PDA
for PocketPC
• Applications
– Biomedical/wearable computing
– Automotive service
– Remote monitoring/diagnostics
Related Products – Analog Output Devices
• Waveform Output
– Up to 16-bit and 1 MS/s
– Up to 32 channels per device
– Simultaneous updates
– External clocking and triggering
– RTSI for multi-device synchronization
• Software-Timed Output
– Voltage and current outputs
– 16-bit output resolution
– User-defined power-up states
• Available in PXI, PCI, and PCMCIA
Related Products – Digital and Timing I/O
• Static (software-timed) DIO
• High Speed DIO
– Dedicated digital devices
– Up to 100 MHz clock rates
– Up to 64 Mbits/ch onboard memory
– Programmable voltage levels (–2.0 to 5.5 V)
• Industrial
– Up to 60 V ranges
– High Reliability Industrial Feature Set
• Programmable Power-Up States
• Watchdogs
• Change Detection
• Programmable Input Filters
• Built-in bank or Ch-Ch isolation
• NI-DAQmx Software Technology
DAQ with Extended Functionality
• SC Series
– Integrated signal conditioning
for PXI
• Compact FieldPoint
– Distributable, networked
• CompactRIO
– Rugged, embedded DAQ and
control
Global Service and Support
• Award-Winning Support
– The Association of Support
Professionals – Top 10 Web
Support Sites
– 3,000+ example programs
– 100+ application notes
– 7,000+ knowledge bases
• Field Engineers
– More than 200 engineers worldwide
– Ready to provide on-site assistance
Global Service and Support
• Factory installation services
• Onsite courses for software
and hardware
• Technical workshops with
content customized for your
company/industry
• Online tutorials for NI products
and technologies
Hardware Platforms – Detailed Comparison
Distributed Desktop Portable/
(Ethernet) (PCI) PXI Handheld
Slow Medium-Fast Medium-Fast Medium
Performance (<10 Hz) (<10 MHz) (<2.7 GHz) (<1.25 MHz)
Capacity
Medium Medium-High High Low
(I/O Count)
Rugged
Best Good Better Good
Packaging
USB, FireWire,
PXI/
Bus Ethernet PCI PCMCIA,
CompactPCI
CompactFlash
Real-time, Real-time, Portability,
Advanced
embedded data Real-time advanced wireless
Features logging synchronization communication
Linux and NI-DAQmx Base Details
• NI-DAQmx Base – Driver software for NI hardware and
– Linux (E Series, some USB DAQ devices)
– PocketPC (PCMCIA E Series, CompactFlash DAQ)
– Mac OS X (E Series, some USB DAQ devices)
– Windows (some USB DAQ devices)
• Subset of NI-DAQmx functionality
• Free download at ni.com/downloads
• Measurement Hardware DDK also available for RLP
Detailed Application Examples