Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of

electric charge. Electricity occurs when electric charge flows. It is an energy source
which we use to power machines and electrical devices.We see electricity when the
number of electrons an atom has are either more than usual or less than usual. If the
electrons stay where they are, the atom that has too many or too few electrons will
attract or sometimes repel other atoms. If the electrons move from where there are too
many to where there are too few, then we will see a flow of electrons, an electrical
current.

1 - Direct current (DC or "continuous current")

is the flow of electricity in a single direction, from the positive to the negative
terminals (potential, poles).
The direct current always flow in the same direction
Batteries are some of the main sources of direct current (DC),

2 - alternating current (AC)

is an electric current of which magnitude and direction vary, unlike direct current,
whose direction remains constant.
The usual waveform of an AC power circuit is a sine wave, because this leads to the
most efficient transmission of energy. However, in certain applications different
waveforms are used, such as triangular or square waves.

Power systems are comprised of 3 basic electrical subsystems.

 Generation subsystem
 Transmission subsystem
 Distribution subsystem
Methods of generating electricity

Electricity is mostly generated in places called power stations. Power stations use heat
to turn water into steam. The force of the steam pressure turns giant fan-like structures
called turbines, which are linked to machines called 'generators'. Generator have a
head with wires which spins inside a magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction causes
electricity to flow through the wires.
There are many sources of heat which can be used to generate electricity. Heat
sources can be classified into two types: renewable energy resources in which the
supply of heat energy never runs out and non-renewable energy resources in which
the supply will be eventually used up.
Sometimes, a natural flow such as wind power or water power can be used to directly
turn a generator so no heat is needed.
1- Renewable energy resources
Renewable heat energy

 Solar thermal power

 Geothermal energy

Renewable flow energy

 Hydro-electric power
 Wind power
 Wave power
 Tidal power

2-Non-renewable energy resources

These all use heat as a source of energy.

 Coal
 Oil
 Natural gas
 Nuclear power

Solid-state electricity sources

These sources have no moving parts. They are more expensive than generators, and
are used where other questions are more important.

 Solar cell
  Battery
 Thermocouple

According to international rules, there are only two voltage levels:

1. Low voltage: up to and including 1 kV AC (or 1,500 V DC)

2. medum voltage: above 1 kV AC up to 33 kv
3. High voltage: above 33 kV

Substation
is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations
transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other
important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power
may flow through several substations at different voltage levels
Substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment, and
transformers. In a large substation, circuit breakers are used to interrupt any short
circuits or overload currents that may occur on the network. Smaller distribution
stations may use recloser circuit breakers or fuses for protection of distribution
circuits. Substations themselves do not usually have generators, although a power
plant may have a substation nearby. Other devices such as capacitors and voltage
regulators may also be located at a substation
A substation include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission
voltages and lower distribution voltages

Types of substation
The substations can be classified in several ways including the following:

1 Classification based on voltage levels

e.g. : A.C. Substation : EHV, HV, MV, LV; HVDC Substation.

2 Classification based on Outdoor or Indoor

Outdoor substation is under open skv. Indoor substation is inside a building.

3 Classification based on configuration

 Conventional Air insulated outdoor substation or

 SF6 Gas Insulated Substation (GIS)
 Composite substations having combination of the above two

4 Classification based on application

 Step Up Substation – Associated with generating station as the generating

voltage is low.
 transmission Substation – Created at suitable load centre along primary lines.
 Distribution Substation – Created where the transmission line voltage is step
down to supply voltage.
Primary Substations receive power from EHV lines at 400KV, 220KV, 132KV and
transform the voltage to 66KV, 33KV or 22KV (22KV is uncommon) to suit the local
requirements in respect of both load and distance of ultimate consumers. These are
also referred to ‘EHV’ Substations.

Secondary Substations receive power at 66/33KV which is stepped down usually to

11KV.

Distribution Substations receive power at 11KV, 6.6 KV and step down to a volt
suitable for LV distribution purposes, normally at 415 volts.

Substation parts and equipment

Each sub-station has the following parts and equipment:

 Incoming Lines
 Outgoing Lines
 Busbar
 Transformers
 Substation Equipment such as circuit-beakers, isolators, earthing switches,
surge arresters, CTs, VTs, neutral grounding equipment.
 Station Earthing system comprising ground mat, risers, auxiliary mat, earthing
strips, earthing spikes & earth electrodes.

 Low voltage a.c. Switchgear

 Control Panels, Protection Panels

 D.C. Battery system and charging equipment

 D.C. distribution system

 Fire fighting system

distribution substation
The distribution substation receives power from one or more transmission
or subtransmission lines at the corresponding transmission or
subtransmission voltage level and provides that power to one or more
distribution feeders that originate in the substation and comprise the
primary network. Most feeders emanate radially from the substation to
supply the load

1 - primary distribution system

The primary distribution system consists of the feeders emanating from
the substation and supplying power to 1 or more secondary distribution
systems. Such feeders are usually 3-phase circuits.
Feeders are almost always radial from substation to loads (i.e., one way
flow of power) in rural areas, usually radial in residential neighborhoods,
and they are often radial even in urban areas. In densely populated urban
areas, particularly commercial and business districts where reliability is
critical
1 - transformer
is an electrical device that transfers energy between two or more circuits through
electromagnetic induction.A varying current in the transformer's primary winding
creates a varying magnetic flux in the core and a varying magnetic field impinging on
the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field at the secondary induces a
varying electromotive force (emf) or voltage in the secondary winding. Making use of
Faraday's Law in conjunction with high magnetic permeability core properties,
transformers can thus be designed to efficiently change AC voltages from one voltage
level to another within power networks Power transformers have been loosely
grouped into three market segments based on size ranges.

These three segments are:

1. Small power transformers: 500 to 7500 kVA

2. Medium power transformers: 7500 to 100 MVA
3. Large power transformers: 100 MVA and above

MAIN PART OF POWER TRANSFORMER

2 - switchgear
is the combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to
control, protect and isolate electrical equipment. Switchgears are used both to de-
energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream. This
type of equipment is directly linked to the reliability of the electricity supply

A switchgear may be a simple open-air isolator switch or it may be insulated by some

other substance. An effective although more costly form of switchgear is the gas
insulated switchgear (GIS), where the conductors and contacts are insulated by
pressurized sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6). Other common types are oil or vacuum
insulated switchgear.
The combination of equipment within the switchgear enclosure allows
them to interrupt fault currents of thousands of amps. A circuit breaker
(within a switchgear enclosure) is the primary component that interrupts
fault currents. The quenching of the arc when the circuit breaker pulls
apart the contacts open (disconnects the circuit) requires careful design.
Circuit breakers fall into these five types:
Oil
Oil circuit breakers rely upon vaporization of some of the oil to blast a jet
of oil along the path of the arc. The vapor released by the arcing consists
of hydrogen gas.
Air
Air circuit breakers may use compressed air (puff) or the magnetic force
of the arc itself to elongate the arc. As the length of the sustainable arc is
dependent on the available voltage, the elongated arc will eventually
exhaust itself. Alternatively, the contacts are rapidly swung into a small
sealed chamber, the escaping of the displaced air thus blowing out the
Circuit breakers are usually able to terminate all current flow very
quickly: typically between 30 ms and 150 ms depending upon the age and
construction of the device.
Gas
Main article: Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker
Gas (SF6) circuit breakers sometimes stretch the arc using a magnetic
field, and then rely upon the dielectric strength of the SF6 gas to quench
the stretched arc.
Vacuum
Circuit breakers with vacuum interrupters have minimal arcing
characteristics(as there is nothing to ionize other than the contact
material), so the arc quenches when it is stretched by a small amount
(<2–8 mm). Near zero current the arc is not hot enough to maintain a
plasma, and current ceases; the gap can then withstand the rise of voltage.
Vacuum circuit breakers are frequently used in modern medium-voltage
switchgear to 40,500 volts. Unlike the other types, they are inherently
unsuitable for interrupting DC faults]
Classification
Several different classifications of switchgear can be made

 By voltage class:
o Low voltage (less than 1 kV AC)
o Medium voltage (1 kV AC through to approximately 75 kV AC)
o High voltage (75 kV to about 230 kV AC)
o Extra high voltage, ultra high voltage (more than 230 kV)
 By insulating medium:
o Air
o Gas (SF6 or mixtures)
o Oil
o Vacuum
o Carbon dioxide (CO2)
 By construction type:
o Indoor
o Outdoor
 By interrupting device:
o Fuses
o Air Circuit Breaker
o Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker
o Oil Circuit Breaker
o Vacuum Circuit Breaker
o Gas (SF6) Circuit breaker
 By operating method:
o Manually operated
o Motor/stored energy operated
o Solenoid operated
 By type of current:
o Alternating current
o Direct current
 By application:
o Transmission system
o Distribution

3 - Busbar

is a strip or bar of copper, brass or aluminium that conducts electricity within a

switchboard, distribution board, substation, battery bank or other electrical apparatus.
Its main purpose is to conduct a substantial current of electricity, not to function as a
structural member.The cross-sectional size of the busbar determines the maximum
amount of current that can be safely carried. Busbars can have a cross-sectional area
of as little as 10 mm2 but electrical substations may use metal pipes of 50 mm in
diameter (20 cm2) or more as busbars. An aluminium smelter will have very large
busbars used to carry tens of thousands of amperes to the electrochemical cells that
produce aluminium from molten salts.

Busbars are typically contained inside switchgear, panel boards, or busway.

Distribution boards split the electrical supply into separate circuits at one location.
Busways, or bus ducts, are long busbars with a protective cover. Rather than
branching the main supply at one location, they allow new circuits to branch off
anywhere along the route of the busway

Single Bus System

Single Bus System is simplest and cheapest one. In this scheme all the feeders and
transformer bay are connected to only one single bus as show.

Single Bus System with Bus Sectionalizer

Some advantages are realized if a single bus bar is sectionalized with circuit breaker. If
there are more than one incoming and the incoming sources and outgoing feeders are
evenly distributed on the sections as shown in the figure, interruption of system can be
reduced to a good extent

Double Bus System

1) In double bus bar system two identical bus bars are used in such a way that any
outgoing or incoming feeder can be taken from any of the bus.
2)Actually every feeder is connected to both of the buses in parallel through individual
isolator

1 - Bus section
When we need make bus bar tow part we used bus section
2 - Bus riser
After make bus bar tow part need make him with us again than we connection
one side to circuit breaker and anther side we make bus bar like letter L than
make connection with anther side circuit breaker
3 - Bus coupler
is a device which is used to couple one bus to the other without any interruption in
power supply and without creating hazardous arcs. It is achieved with the help of
circuit breaker and isolators

4 - disconnector, disconnect switch or isolator switch

is used to ensure that an electrical circuit is completely de-energised for service or
maintenance. Such switches are often found in electrical distribution and industrial
applications, where machinery must have its source of driving power removed for
adjustment or repair. High-voltage isolation switches are used in electrical substations
to allow isolation of apparatus such as circuit breakers, transformers, and transmission
lines, for maintenance. The disconnector is usually not intended for normal control of
the circuit, but only for safety isolation. Disconnector can be operated either manually
or automatically (motorized disconnector).
5 - circuit breaker
is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit
from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault
condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then
must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to
resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small
devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear
designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city.

Types of circuit breakers

A - Low-voltage circuit breakers
Low-voltage (less than 1,000 VAC) types are common in domestic, commercial and
industrial application, and include:
1- MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)—rated current not more than 100 A. Trip
characteristics normally not adjustable. Thermal or thermal-magnetic operation.
Breakers illustrated above are in this category.
2 - MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker)—rated current up to 2,500 A. Thermal or
thermal-magnetic operation. Trip current may be adjustable in larger ratings.
3 - ACB ( air circuit breaker )—rated current up to 3000 A. Thermal or thermal-
magnetic operation. Trip current may be adjustable in larger ratings.
4 – RCD (Residual-current device )formerly known as a residual current circuit
breaker) — detects current imbalance, but does not provide over-current protection.
5 - (ELCB)( Earth leakage circuit breaker ) This detects earth current directly rather
than detecting imbalance. They are no longer seen in new installations for various
reasons.

B - Medium-voltage circuit breakers

Medium-voltage circuit breakers rated between 1 and 72 kV may be assembled into
metal-enclosed switchgear line ups for indoor use, or may be individual components
installed outdoors in a substation. Air-break circuit breakers replaced oil-filled units
for indoor applications, but are now themselves being replaced by vacuum circuit
breakers (up to about 40.5 kV). Like the high voltage circuit breakers described below
Medium-voltage circuit breakers can be classified by the medium used to extinguish
the arc:
1-Vacuum circuit breakers
With rated current up to 6,300 A, and higher for generator circuit breakers. These
breakers interrupt the current by creating and extinguishing the arc in a vacuum
container - aka "bottle". Long life bellows are designed to travel the 6 to 10 mm the
contacts must part. These are generally applied for voltages up to about 40,500 V
which corresponds roughly to the medium-voltage range of power systems. Vacuum
circuit breakers tend to have longer life expectancies between overhaul than do air
circuit breakers.
2-oil circuit breakers
Rated current up to 6,300 A and higher for generator circuit breakers. Trip
characteristics are often fully adjustable including configurable trip thresholds and
delays. Usually electronically controlled, though some models are microprocessor
controlled via an integral electronic trip unit. Often used for main power distribution
in large industrial plant, where the breakers are arranged in draw-out enclosures for
ease of maintenance.
3-SF6 circuit breakers
extinguish the arc in a chamber filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas.
Medium-voltage circuit breakers may be connected into the circuit by bolted
connections to bus bars or wires, especially in outdoor switchyards. Medium-voltage
circuit breakers in switchgear line-ups are often built with draw-out construction,
allowing breaker removal without disturbing power circuit connections, using a
motor-operated or hand-cranked mechanism to separate the breaker from its
enclosure. Some important manufacturer of VCB from 3.3 kV to 38 kV are Eaton,
ABB, Siemens, HHI(Hyundai Heavy Industry), S&C Electric Company, Jyoti and
BHEL.

3- High-voltage circuit breakers

High-voltage breakers are broadly classified by the medium used to

Bulk oil - Mineral oil - Air blast – Vacuum - SF6
6 - Cable

is two or more wires running side by side and bonded, twisted, or braided together to
form a single assembly. The term originally referred to a nautical line of specific
length where multiple ropes, each laid clockwise, are then laid together anti-clockwise
and shackled to produce a strong thick line, resistant to water absorption, that was
used to anchor large ships. In mechanics, cables, otherwise known as wire ropes, are
used for lifting, hauling, and towing or conveying force through tension. In electrical
engineering cables are used to carry electric currents. An optical cable contains one or
more optical fibers in a protective jacket that supports the fibers.

Electric cables discussed here are mainly meant for installation in buildings and
industrial sites. For power transmission at distances greater than a few kilometres see
high-voltage cable, power cables
CABLE PART

1 -Conductor

Usually stranded copper (Cu) or aluminium (Al). Copper is densier and heavier, but
more conductive than aluminium. Electrically equivalent aluminium conductors have
a cross-sectional area approximately 1.6 times larger than copper, but are half the
weight (which may save on material cost).

2 -Insulation

Commonly thermoplastic (eg. PVC) or thermosetting (eg. EPR, XLPE) type

materials. Mineral insulation is sometimes used, but the construction of MI
cables are entirely different to normal plastic / rubber insulated cables. Typically
a thermosetting(eg. EPR, XLPE) or paper/lead insulation for cables under 22kV.
Paper-based insulation in combination with oil or gas-filled cables are generally
used for higher voltages

3 - Insulation Screen

A semi-conducting material that has a similar function as the conductor screen (ie.
control of the electric field for MV/HV power cables).

4 -Conductor Sheath

A conductive sheath / shield, typically of copper tape or sometimes lead alloy, is used
as a shield to keep electromagnetic radiation in, and also provide a path for fault and
leakage currents (sheaths are earthed at one cable end). Lead sheaths are heavier and
potentially more difficult to terminate than copper tape, but generally provide better
earth fault capacity

5 -Filler

The interstices of the insulated conductor bundle is sometimes filled, usually with a
soft polymer material.
6 -Bedding / Inner Sheath

Typically a thermoplastic (eg. PVC) or thermosetting (eg. CSP) compound, the inner
sheath is there to keep the bundle together and to provide a bedding for the cable
armour.

A-Individual Screen (Instrument Cables)

An individual screen is occasionally applied over each insulated conductor bundle for
shielding against noise / radiation and interference from other conductor bundles.
Screens are usually a metallic (copper, aluminium) or semi-metallic (PETP/Al) tape
or braid. Typically used in instrument cables, but not in power cables.

B- Drain Wire (Instrument Cables)

Each screen has an associated drain wire, which assists in the termination of the
screen. Typically used in instrument cables, but not in power cables.

C -Overall Screen (Instrument Cables)

An overall screen is applied over all the insulated conductor bundles for shielding
against noise / radiation, interference from other cables and surge / lightning
protection. Screens are usually a metallic (copper, aluminium) or semi-metallic
(PETP/Al) tape or braid. Typically used in instrument cables, but not in power cables.

7 -Armour

For mechanical protection of the conductor bundle. Steel wire armour or braid is
typically used. Tinning or galvanising is used for rust prevention. Phosphor bronze or
tinned copper braid is also used when steel armour is not allowed.

 SWA - Steel wire armour, used in multi-core cables (magnetic),

 AWA - Aluminium wire armour, used in single-core cables (non-
magnetic).

When an electric current passes through a cable it produces a magnetic field (the
higher the voltage the bigger the field). The magnetic field will induce an electric
current in steel armour (eddy currents), which can cause overheating in AC systems.
The non-magnetic aluminium armour prevents this from happening.

8 -Outer Sheath

Applied over the armour for overall mechanical, weather, chemical and electrical
protection. Typically a thermoplastic (eg. PVC) or thermosetting(eg. CSP) compound,
and often the same material as the bedding. Outer sheath is normally colour coded to
differentiate between LV, HV and instrumentation cables. Manufacturer’s markings
and length markings are also printed on the outer sheath

TYPE OF CABLE
1 - power cable
Power cable (a type of electrical cable) is an assembly of two or more electrical conductors
held together with, and typically covered with, an overall sheath. The conductors may be of
the same or different sizes, each with their own insulation and possibly a bare conductor.
Larger single conductor insulated cables are also called power cables in the trade. The sheath
may be of metal, plastic, ceramic, shielded, sunlight-resistant, waterproof, oil-resistant, fire-
retardant, flat or round, and may also contain structural supports made of high-strength
materials
APaper-insulated lead covered (PILC) cables
The PILC cables are manufactured by using layers of paper impregnated with a
compound mineral oil as insulating medium, both as individual core and overall
insulation. A lead sheath is constructed as an outer core layer to mainly provide a seal
for the compound in the paper layers, and also for excellent corrosion protective
properties as well as to provide additional mechanical protection.
A steel tape layer (often a double layer) or steel wires are used for the main mechanical
protection and it may also be used as a return path for earth currents. The outer sheath
may be a PVC layer or other type of insulating and waterproof material
PILC cables are generally used for 66 kV up to 33 kV applications. The designation
6.35/11 kV, for example, means that the cable has an insulation level of 6.35 kV
between each core and earth, and 11 kV between phases

Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables.

XLPE is semiconductor, and provide partial insulation as well as electrical stress relieving.
The conductors, with their XLPE layers, are embedded in PVC to provide total insulation.
Steel wires are used for mechanical strength, and may also be used to provide the return
path (or part thereof ) for earth fault currents. The outer sheath is normally a PVC sheath
to provide insulation and waterproofing.
XLPE cables are used from low voltage (600/1000 V) to 132 kV applications. Pure
PVC cables, in which PVC replaces the XLPE as conductor layer, are used up to a
maximum of 6.6 kV

C- PVC cables are used mainly in the low-voltage (LV) range,

is an assembly of one or more electrical conductors, usually held together with an

overall sheath. The assembly is used for transmission of electrical power. Power
cables may be installed as permanent wiring within buildings, buried in the ground,
run overhead, or exposed1- Aluminum Cables

transparent PVC sheath

3 - Aluminum cable

is a commonly used electrical cable. It provides extremely high electrical

conductivity, so it works well as an electric cable. It is lightweight, ductile, non-
magnetic and heavy-duty. In addition, aluminum cables are a silver-white metal that is
reflective to heat and recyclable. These cables have numerous applications, such as in
telephone line, electric lights and motors.
4 - Copper Cables

Numerous industries use copper cables, including mining, transportation, electronics

and telecommunications. Various industries use copper cable for electrical cables. It is
a lightweight material that is ductile, flexible and has high electrical conductivity.
Industries may use copper cables in electromagnets, integrated circuits, electrical bus
bars, microwave ovens and electrical switches

2 - Control Cable
is a flexible instrumentation cable designed for measuring, control or regulation in
the field of process automation It is a highly flexible multicore cable, with (class 5)
copper conductors and a galvanised steel wire braid (GSWB) for mechanical
protection. The cable is typically manufactured with PVC insulation, bedding and a
Type connection high voltage net work
This connection is closed ring

2 - Secondary Distribution
Branching from the main feeder are laterals, also referred to in the
industry as taps or branches. The laterals may be three-phase, two-
phase (two phases of the three-phase feeder with a neutral), or single-
phase (one phase from the single phase feeder and a neutral). The
laterals are usually protected with fuses so that faulted laterals do not
cause interruption at the feeder level

Type of 11 kv network
CONSTRCTION SECANDRY SUBSTATION 11/0.415 KV
Distribution Transformer

transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power
distribution. It is use to step down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level
used by customer

MAIN PART OF DISTRBUTION TRANSFORMER

transformer parts are:-

1 - CONSERVATOR
conservator is a type of tank , used to help oil filling this is situated upper portion of
the power transformer . mainly these are cylindrically shapped...
2- TANK
basically this is a container used to keep windings(both) and cooling oil.

3- BUTCHHOLZ RELAY
this is a protecting device used to protect our transformer windings . this is a double
ended device one end is conneced to conservator other is connected to tank. there are
two windings inside the relay one for detecting oil level goin to empty and other is
connected to a alarm circuit for warning
4-BREATHER
Breather is a device used for absorb the moisture content of a oil and sucked air
5- SILICA JEL
it is a chemichal matarial these are the only one main component inside the breather
basically silica jel is a brown coloured one after the absorbtion silica jel become pink
6- OIL LEVEL SCALE
this is a ordinary part situated on the side of the conservator for proper oil checking
oil tank wants a specific amout of oil
7- PRIMARY WINDING
in the case of power transmission primary windings are the main element external
connection from the power is connected to thi winding
8- SECONDARY WINDING
this is a another windin for redusing power(in the case of step down purpos)
9- DRAIN VALVE
this valve is used for taking damaged oil from the oil tank for the proper oil
collection this valve is situated under the oil tank
10- PORCELIN BUSH
This is a outer unit , this is used to prevent unwanted leackage of electricity
11- RADIATOR
This device is used to cooling oil

RING MAIN UNITE(R M U)

standard piece of switchgear in distribution systems comprising of switches for
switching power cable rings and of switches in series with fuses for the protection of
distrbution transformers. RMU: Ring Main Unit. RMU used for H.T.side. RMU is
having 3no.s of switches(Circuit Breakers or Isolators or LBS), it is used for two
inputs with mechanical or electrical interlock and one outgoing to the load. Either one
input with two outgoings. RMU used for redundancy feeder's purpose.

Ring main unit is used in a secondary distribution system. It is basically used for an
uninterrupted power supply. Alongside, it also protects your secondary side
transformer from the occasional transient currents. Depending on your applications
and loading conditons you can use a swicth fuse combination or a circuit breaker to
protect the transformer. This transformer connected to the switch fuse/ circuit breaker
is called your T off. In a common arrangement you have Load break swicthes on both
the sides of your T off
FEEDER PILLAR (PANAL)

Feeder pillar is a cabinet for electrical equipment, mounted in the street and
controlling the electrical supply to a number of houses in a neighborhood. A power
box is simply a layman's term for a transformer, cutout enclosure, or other enclosure
used in conjunction with underground electrical distribution.
The bus bar rating is 2000 ampere or 3000 ampere and rating out go line is 630
ampere

SERVICE PILLARE

Service pillar is Same feeder pillar but no have kwh meter and no have current
transformer and bus bar rating is 800 ampere and incoming line is 630 ampere and
out go line is 400 ampere or 250 ampere
Used service pillar to feed home by electricity
how the power flows from the power plant to your house:

1- Electricity travels from the power plant over high-voltage

2- At a substation, the electricity’s voltage is lowered so that it can

travel over the distribution system.

3- Main lines carry electricity to secondary lines.

4- Service lines carry electricity to neighborhoods.

5- Service drops carry electricity from pole-mounted transformers—

which lower the voltage again—to your home.
Electric power leaves our power plants every minute of the day and moves through a
complex network of overhead power lines and underground cables to reach our
customers.

1. When electricity leaves a power plant

2. Its voltage is increased at a "step-up" substation.
3. Next, the energy travels along a transmission line to the area where the power
is needed.
4. Once there, the voltage is decreased or "stepped-down," at another
substation,
5. And a distribution power line
6. Carries the electricity until it reaches a home or business.