General Computer Awareness Notes For NABARD Grade A & B 2018
General Computer Awareness Notes For NABARD Grade A & B 2018
General Computer Awareness Notes For NABARD Grade A & B 2018
Definition of a Computer:
Charles Babbage is the father of computing/the computer after his invention and
concept of the Analytical Engine in 1837. But 1941 marks the birth year of
computer technology with the invention of the Z3 by a German engineer Konrad
Zuse.
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1940-1956: 1st Generation (Vacuum Tubes) -
General Computer Awareness for Bank Exams
First generation computers used vacuum tubes as components of memory and relied on
‘machine language’ (the most basic programming language). A vacuum tube is a
sealed glass tube containing a near-vacuum which allows the free passage of electric
current.
The thing that upgraded the entire generation of computers to a more advanced system
was - transistor. Invented in 1947, it converts electronic signals and electrical power.
Transistors made computers smaller, faster, cheaper and less heavy on electricity use.
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• The speed of a computer's performance depends on the speed of transistors.
• In other words, the faster the transistors, the faster the computer.
• The 2nd generation computers still relied on punched cards for input/printouts
like 1st generation.
• The symbolic language (assembly language) was developed and the
programmers could create instructions in words.
• High-level programming languages – early versions of COBOL* and FORTRAN**
– were also developed.
• With the invention of Integrated Circuits – the small circuits which can perform
the functions of a larger circuit, transistors were miniaturized and put on silicon
chips.
• The 3rd generation computers were the first computers where users
interacted using keyboards and monitors (and interfaced with an
operating system).
• This enabled these machines to run several applications at once.
• Functions were based on monitor memory.
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1972-2010: 4th Generation (Microprocessors) -
General Computer Awareness for Bank Exams
The Intel 4004 chip was developed in 1971, which positioned all computer
components (CPU, memory, input/output controls) onto one single chip!
⇒ Hardware
Hardware means Keyboard, Monitor, Mouse, and Printer, including the digital circuitry,
etc. The following are the different types of hardware:
Input devices
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Output devices
Receive data from a computer, usually for display, projection, or physical reproduction.
E.g. Monitor, printers, plotters, projector, Computer Output Microfilm (COM), speaker,
head phone, sound card, video card, microfiche, etc.
Processing devices
CPU and Mother board are processing devices because they process information within
the computer system.
The Central Processing Unit or the CPU or processor is the electronic circuitry
within a computer that carries out the instructions by performing the basic arithmetic,
logical, control and input/output operations specified by the instructions.
⇒ The Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU) performs simple arithmetic and logical
operations.
⇒ The Control Unit (CU) manages various components of the computer. It reads and
interprets instructions from memory and transforms them into a series of signals to
activate other parts of the computer. The control unit calls upon the arithmetic logic
unit to perform the necessary calculations.
Note that RAM is volatile i.e. whatever is stored in RAM is lost as soon as the computer
is switched off. Cache is a fast-temporary storage where recently or frequently used
information is stored to avoid having to reload it from a slower storage medium.
⇒ The mother board holds and allows communication between many of the crucial
electronic components of a system, such as the CPU and memory and provides
connectors for other peripherals.
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Storage devices
⇒ Software
System software
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Application Software
Some Computer Programs run as a link between System software & Application
Software. They are as follow: kabya
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Mobile Device Software
Now that you know All About Computers for Bank & SSC Exams, you can attempt basic
questions asked in the recruitment exams confidently. If you want to know more about
Computers & study in detail for Computer Awareness you check this link given below!
Check other articles on NABARD that will help you in the preparation of NABARD
Grade A & B 2018 Exam.
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