The document contains multiple physics problems involving heat transfer through walls and insulated containers.
Problem 1 involves calculating the heat flow through a 15 cm thick glass wall with temperatures of 375C and 85C on either side.
Problem 2 estimates the mass of liquid nitrogen vaporized per day from a insulated spherical tank, given the insulation thickness and material properties as well as internal and external temperatures.
Problem 3 calculates the energy loss per meter of a hot oil pipeline insulated with powder in arctic conditions, given the pipe diameter, insulation thickness, temperatures and material properties.
The document contains multiple physics problems involving heat transfer through walls and insulated containers.
Problem 1 involves calculating the heat flow through a 15 cm thick glass wall with temperatures of 375C and 85C on either side.
Problem 2 estimates the mass of liquid nitrogen vaporized per day from a insulated spherical tank, given the insulation thickness and material properties as well as internal and external temperatures.
Problem 3 calculates the energy loss per meter of a hot oil pipeline insulated with powder in arctic conditions, given the pipe diameter, insulation thickness, temperatures and material properties.
The document contains multiple physics problems involving heat transfer through walls and insulated containers.
Problem 1 involves calculating the heat flow through a 15 cm thick glass wall with temperatures of 375C and 85C on either side.
Problem 2 estimates the mass of liquid nitrogen vaporized per day from a insulated spherical tank, given the insulation thickness and material properties as well as internal and external temperatures.
Problem 3 calculates the energy loss per meter of a hot oil pipeline insulated with powder in arctic conditions, given the pipe diameter, insulation thickness, temperatures and material properties.
The document contains multiple physics problems involving heat transfer through walls and insulated containers.
Problem 1 involves calculating the heat flow through a 15 cm thick glass wall with temperatures of 375C and 85C on either side.
Problem 2 estimates the mass of liquid nitrogen vaporized per day from a insulated spherical tank, given the insulation thickness and material properties as well as internal and external temperatures.
Problem 3 calculates the energy loss per meter of a hot oil pipeline insulated with powder in arctic conditions, given the pipe diameter, insulation thickness, temperatures and material properties.
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1-4 The temperatures on the faces of a plane wall 15 cm thick are 375 and 85◦C.
The wall is constructed of a special glass with the following properties: k = 0.78 W/m · ◦C, ρ = 2700 kg/m3, CP = 0.84 kJ/kg · ◦C. What is the heat flow through the wall at steady-state conditions?
Solution: Given: k=0.78 W/m · ◦C Δx = 15 cm T2=375 ◦C T1=85◦C kA(T 2 T1 ) q x q (0.78)(375 85) 1508 W / m 2 A 0.15
1-5 A certain superinsulation material having a thermal conductivity of 2 × 10−4 W/m · ◦C is used to insulate a tank of liquid nitrogen that is maintained at −196◦C; 199 kJ is required to vaporize each kilogram mass of nitrogen at this temperature. Assuming that the tank is a sphere having an inner diameter (ID) of 0.52 m, estimate the amount of nitrogen vaporized per day for an insulation thickness of 2.5 cm and an ambient temperature of 21◦C. Assume that the outer temperature of the insulation is 21◦C.
Solution: Given: k= 2 x 10-4 W/m · ◦C To= 21 oC Ti= -196 oC ri= 0.26 m ro= 0.285 m dT A r 2 q k 4(r 2 ) dr 4k (To Ti ) q mass evaporated 1.617 W 1 1 199000 J / kg ri ro 8.126 x 10 6 kg / s 4 4 (2 x10 )(21 196) 0.702 kg / day 1 1 0.26 0.285 1-7 A 50-cm-diameter pipeline 1.617 W in the Arctic carries hot oil at 30◦C and is exposed to a surrounding temperature of −20◦C. A special powder insulation 5 cm thick surrounds1the pipe and has a thermal conductivity of 7 mW/m · ◦C. The convection heat- transfer coefficient on the outside of the pipe is 9 W/m 2 · ◦C. Estimate the energy loss from the pipe per meter of length. Solutions: Given: Ti= 30 oC T= 30 oC k= 7 x 10-3 W/m · ◦C h= 2 9 W/m
q Ti T ro L ln( ri ) 1 2k hd o 30 20 ln( ) 30 1 25 2 (7 x10 ) 9 (0.6) 3
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