CIS CIS Sub- Security

Asset Type Title

Control Control Function

1 Inventory and Control of Hardware Assets

Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) a

given access, and unauthorized and unmanaged

1 1.1 Devices Identify Utilize an Active Discovery Tool

Use a Passive Asset Discovery

1 1.2 Devices Identify
Tool

Use DHCP Logging to Update

1 1.3 Devices Identify
Asset Inventory

1 1.4 Devices Identify Maintain Detailed Asset Inventory

Maintain Asset Inventory

1 1.5 Devices Identify
Information

1 1.6 Devices Respond Address Unauthorized Assets

1 1.7 Devices Protect Deploy Port Level Access Control

Utilize Client Certificates to

1 1.8 Devices Protect
Authenticate Hardware Assets
2 Inventory and Control of Software Assets

Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) a

and can execute, and that unauthorized and unm

Maintain Inventory of Authorized

2 2.1 Applications Identify
Software

Ensure Software is Supported by

2 2.2 Applications Identify
Vendor

2 2.3 Applications Identify Utilize Software Inventory Tools

Track Software Inventory

2 2.4 Applications Identify
Information

Integrate Software and Hardware

2 2.5 Applications Identify
Asset Inventories

2 2.6 Applications Respond Address unapproved software

2 2.7 Applications Protect Utilize Application Whitelisting

Implement Application Whitelisting

2 2.8 Applications Protect
of Libraries

Implement Application Whitelisting

2 2.9 Applications Protect
of Scripts
 Physically or Logically Segregate
2 2.10 Applications Protect
High Risk Applications

3 Continuous Vulnerability Management

Continuously acquire, assess, and take action o

minimize the window of opportunity for attackers

Run Automated Vulnerability

3 3.1 Applications Detect
Scanning Tools

Perform Authenticated
3 3.2 Applications Detect
Vulnerability Scanning

Protect Dedicated Assessment

3 3.3 Users Protect
Accounts

Deploy Automated Operating

3 3.4 Applications Protect
System Patch Management Tools

Deploy Automated Software Patch

3 3.5 Applications Protect
Management Tools

Compare Back-to-Back
3 3.6 Applications Respond
Vulnerability Scans

3 3.7 Applications Respond Utilize a Risk-Rating Process

4 Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges

 The processes and tools used to track/control/pr
privileges on computers, networks, and applicat

Maintain Inventory of
4 4.1 Users Detect
Administrative Accounts

4 4.2 Users Protect Change Default Passwords

Ensure the Use of Dedicated

4 4.3 Users Protect
Administrative Accounts

4 4.4 Users Protect Use Unique Passwords

Use Multi-Factor Authentication for

4 4.5 Users Protect
All Administrative Access

4 4.6 Users Protect Use Dedicated Workstations For All

4 4.7 Users Protect Limit Access to Script Tools

Log and Alert on Changes to

4 4.8 Users Detect
Administrative Group Membership

Log and Alert on Unsuccessful

4 4.9 Users Detect
Administrative Account Login
5 Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software

Establish, implement, and actively manage (track

laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigoro
prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable ser

5 5.1 Applications Protect Establish Secure Configurations

5 5.2 Applications Protect Maintain Secure Images

5 5.3 Applications Protect Securely Store Master Images

Deploy System Configuration

5 5.4 Applications Protect
Management Tools

Implement Automated
5 5.5 Applications Detect
Configuration Monitoring Systems

6 Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit L

Collect, manage, and analyze audit logs of event

Utilize Three Synchronized Time

6 6.1 Network Detect
Sources

6 6.2 Network Detect Activate Audit Logging

6 6.3 Network Detect Enable Detailed Logging

6 6.4 Network Detect Ensure Adequate Storage for Logs

6 6.5 Network Detect Central Log Management

6 6.6 Network Detect Deploy SIEM or Log Analytic Tools

6 6.7 Network Detect Regularly Review Logs

6 6.8 Network Detect Regularly Tune SIEM

7 Email and Web Browser Protections

Minimize the attack surface and the opportunitie

with web browsers and email systems.

Ensure Use of Only Fully

7 7.1 Applications Protect Supported Browsers and Email
Clients

Disable Unnecessary or
7 7.2 Applications Protect Unauthorized Browser or Email
Client Plugins

Limit Use of Scripting Languages

7 7.3 Applications Protect in Web Browsers and Email
Clients

Maintain and Enforce Network-

7 7.4 Network Protect
Based URL Filters
 Subscribe to URL-Categorization
7 7.5 Network Protect
Service

7 7.6 Network Detect Log All URL requester

7 7.7 Network Protect Use of DNS Filtering Services

Implement DMARC and Enable

7 7.8 Network Protect
Receiver-Side Verification

7 7.9 Network Protect Block Unnecessary File Types

7 7.10 Network Protect Sandbox All Email Attachments

8 Malware Defenses

Control the installation, spread, and execution o

the use of automation to enable rapid updating o

Utilize Centrally Managed Anti-

8 8.1 Devices Protect
malware Software

Ensure Anti-Malware Software and

8 8.2 Devices Protect
Signatures Are Updated

Enable Operating System Anti-

8 8.3 Devices Protect Exploitation Features/Deploy Anti-
Exploit Technologies

Configure Anti-Malware Scanning

8 8.4 Devices Detect
of Removable Devices

Configure Devices to Not Auto-

8 8.5 Devices Protect
Run Content
8 8.6 Devices Detect Centralize Anti-Malware Logging
8 8.7 Network Detect Enable DNS Query Logging

Enable Command-Line Audit

8 8.8 Devices Detect
Logging

9 Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protoco

Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing oper

order to minimize windows of vulnerability availa

Associate Active Ports, Services,

9 9.1 Devices Identify
and Protocols to Asset Inventory

Ensure Only Approved Ports,

9 9.2 Devices Protect Protocols, and Services Are
Running

Perform Regular Automated Port

9 9.3 Devices Detect
Scans

Apply Host-Based Firewalls or

9 9.4 Devices Protect
Port-Filtering

9 9.5 Devices Protect Implement Application Firewalls

10 Data Recovery Capabilities

The processes and tools used to properly back u

it.

Ensure Regular Automated

10 10.1 Data Protect
BackUps

Perform Complete System

10 10.2 Data Protect
Backups
10 10.3 Data Protect Test Data on Backup Media

10 10.4 Data Protect Protect Backups

Ensure All Backups Have at Least

10 10.5 Data Protect
One Offline Backup Destination

11 Secure Configuration for Network Devices, such

Establish, implement, and actively manage (track

infrastructure devices using a rigorous configur
attackers from exploiting vulnerable services an
Maintain Standard Security
11 11.1 Network Identify Configurations for Network
Devices

Document Traffic Configuration

11 11.2 Network Identify
Rules

Use Automated Tools to Verify

11 11.3 Network Detect Standard Device Configurations
and Detect Changes

Install the Latest Stable Version of

11 11.4 Network Protect Any Security-Related Updates on
All Network Devices

Manage Network Devices Using

11 11.5 Network Protect Multi-Factor Authentication and
Encrypted Sessions

Use Dedicated Machines For All

11 11.6 Network Protect
Network Administrative Tasks

Manage Network Infrastructure

11 11.7 Network Protect
Through a Dedicated Network
12 Boundary Defense

Detect/prevent/correct the flow of information tra

damaging data.

Maintain an Inventory of Network

12 12.1 Network Identify
Boundaries

Scan for Unauthorized

12 12.2 Network Detect Connections Across Trusted
Network Boundaries

Deny Communications With

12 12.3 Network Protect
Known Malicious IP Addresses

Deny Communication Over

12 12.4 Network Protect
Unauthorized Ports

Configure Monitoring Systems to

12 12.5 Network Detect
Record Network Packets

Deploy Network-Based IDS

12 12.6 Network Detect
Sensors

Deploy Network-Based Intrusion

12 12.7 Network Protect
Prevention Systems

Deploy NetFlow Collection on

12 12.8 Network Detect
Networking Boundary Devices

Deploy Application Layer Filtering

12 12.9 Network Detect
Proxy Server

12 12.10 Network Detect Decrypt Network Traffic at Proxy

 Require All Remote Login to Use
12 12.11 Users Protect
Multi-Factor Authentication

Manage All Devices Remotely

12 12.12 Devices Protect
Logging into Internal Network

13 Data Protection

The processes and tools used to prevent data ex

and integrity of sensitive information.

Maintain an Inventory of Sensitive

13 13.1 Data Identify
Information

Remove Sensitive Data or

13 13.2 Data Protect Systems Not Regularly Accessed
by Organization

Monitor and Block Unauthorized

13 13.3 Data Detect
Network Traffic

Only Allow Access to Authorized

13 13.4 Data Protect
Cloud Storage or Email Providers

Monitor and Detect Any

13 13.5 Data Detect
Unauthorized Use of Encryption

13 13.6 Data Protect Encrypt Mobile Device Data

13 13.7 Data Protect Manage USB Devices

Manage System's External

13 13.8 Data Protect Removable Media's Read/Write
Configurations

Encrypt Data on USB Storage

13 13.9 Data Protect
Devices
14 Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know

The processes and tools used to track/control/pr

resources, systems) according to the formal det
and right to access these critical assets based o

Segment the Network Based on

14 14.1 Network Protect
Sensitivity

Enable Firewall Filtering Between

14 14.2 Network Protect
VLANs

Disable Workstation to
14 14.3 Network Protect
Workstation Communication

Encrypt All Sensitive Information in

14 14.4 Data Protect Transit

Utilize an Active Discovery Tool to

14 14.5 Data Detect
Identify Sensitive Data

Protect Information Through

14 14.6 Data Protect
Access Control Lists

Enforce Access Control to Data

14 14.7 Data Protect
Through Automated Tools

Encrypt Sensitive Information at

14 14.8 Data Protect
Rest

Enforce Detail Logging for Access

14 14.9 Data Detect
or Changes to Sensitive Data

15 Wireless Access Control

The processes and tools used to track/control/pr

access points, and wireless client systems.
 Maintain an Inventory of
15 15.1 Network Identify
Authorized Wireless Access Points

Detect Wireless Access Points

15 15.2 Network Detect
Connected to the Wired Network
Use a Wireless Intrusion Detection
15 15.3 Network Detect
System

Disable Wireless Access on

15 15.4 Devices Protect
Devices if Not Required

Limit Wireless Access on Client

15 15.5 Devices Protect
Devices

Disable Peer-to-Peer Wireless

15 15.6 Devices Protect Network Capabilities on Wireless
Clients

Leverage the Advanced

15 15.7 Network Protect Encryption Standard (AES) to
Encrypt Wireless Data

Use Wireless Authentication

15 15.8 Network Protect Protocols That Require Mutual,
Multi-Factor Authentication

Disable Wireless Peripheral

15 15.9 Devices Protect
Access of Devices

Create Separate Wireless Network

15 15.10 Network Protect for Personal and Untrusted
Devices

16 Account Monitoring and Control

Actively manage the life cycle of system and app

minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage

Maintain an Inventory of
16 16.1 Users Identify
Authentication Systems

Configure Centralized Point of

16 16.2 Users Protect
Authentication

Require Multi-Factor
16 16.3 Users Protect
Authentication
 Encrypt or Hash all Authentication
16 16.4 Users Protect
Credentials

Encrypt Transmittal of Username

16 16.5 Users Protect
and Authentication Credentials

16 16.6 Users Identify Maintain an Inventory of Accounts

Establish Process for Revoking

16 16.7 Users Protect
Access

Disable Any Unassociated

16 16.8 Users Respond
Accounts

16 16.9 Users Respond Disable Dormant Accounts

Ensure All Accounts Have An

16 16.10 Users Protect
Expiration Date

Lock Workstation Sessions After

16 16.11 Users Protect
Inactivity

Monitor Attempts to Access

16 16.12 Users Detect
Deactivated Accounts
Alert on Account Login Behavior
16 16.13 Users Detect
Deviation

17 Implement a Security Awareness and Training Pr

For all functional roles in the organization (priori

the specific knowledge, skills, and abilities need
integrated plan to assess, identify gaps, and rem
programs.
17 17.1 N/A N/A Perform a Skills Gap Analysis

Deliver Training to Fill the Skills

17 17.2 N/A N/A
Gap

Implement a Security Awareness

17 17.3 N/A N/A
Program

Update Awareness Content

17 17.4 N/A N/A
Frequently

Train Workforce on Secure

17 17.5 N/A N/A
Authentication

Train Workforce on Identifying

17 17.6 N/A N/A
Social Engineering Attacks

Train Workforce on Sensitive Data

17 17.7 N/A N/A
Handling

Train Workforce on Causes of

17 17.8 N/A N/A
Unintentional Data Exposure

Train Workforce Members on

17 17.9 N/A N/A
Identifying and Reporting Incidents

18 Application Software Security

Manage the security life cycle of all in-house dev

security weaknesses.

18 18.1 N/A N/A Establish Secure Coding Practices

Ensure That Explicit Error

18 18.2 N/A N/A Checking is Performed for All In-
House Developed Software
 Verify That Acquired Software is
18 18.3 N/A N/A
Still Supported

Only Use Up-to-Date and Trusted

18 18.4 N/A N/A
Third-Party Components

Use Only Standardized and

18 18.5 N/A N/A Extensively Reviewed Encryption
Algorithms

Ensure Software Development

18 18.6 N/A N/A Personnel are Trained in Secure
Coding

Apply Static and Dynamic Code

18 18.7 N/A N/A
Analysis Tools

Establish a Process to Accept and

18 18.8 N/A N/A Address Reports of Software
Vulnerabilities

Separate Production and Non-

18 18.9 N/A N/A
Production Systems

18 18.10 N/A N/A Deploy Web Application Firewalls

Use Standard Hardening

18 18.11 N/A N/A Configuration Templates for
Databases

19 Incident Response and Management

Protect the organization's information, as well as

infrastructure (e.g., plans, defined roles, training
attack and then effectively containing the damag
network and systems.
 Document Incident Response
19 19.1 N/A N/A
Procedures

Assign Job Titles and Duties for

19 19.2 N/A N/A
Incident Response

Designate Management Personnel

19 19.3 N/A N/A
to Support Incident Handling

Devise Organization-wide
19 19.4 N/A N/A
Standards for Reporting Incidents

Maintain Contact Information For

19 19.5 N/A N/A
Reporting Security Incidents

Publish Information Regarding

19 19.6 N/A N/A Reporting Computer Anomalies
and Incidents

Conduct Periodic Incident

19 19.7 N/A N/A
Scenario Sessions for Personnel

Create Incident Scoring and

19 19.8 N/A N/A
Prioritization Schema

20 Penetration Tests and Red Team Exercises

Test the overall strength of an organization's def

objectives and actions of an attacker.

Establish a Penetration Testing

20 20.1 N/A N/A
Program

Conduct Regular External and

20 20.2 N/A N/A
Internal Penetration Tests

Perform Periodic Red Team

20 20.3 N/A N/A
Exercises
 Include Tests for Presence of
20 20.4 N/A N/A Unprotected System Information
and Artifacts

Create Test Bed for Elements Not

20 20.5 N/A N/A
Typically Tested in Production

Use Vulnerability Scanning and

20 20.6 N/A N/A Penetration Testing Tools in
Concert

Ensure Results from Penetration

20 20.7 N/A N/A Test are Documented Using Open,
Machine-readable Standards

Control and Monitor Accounts

20 20.8 N/A N/A Associated with Penetration
Testing
 Description

of Hardware Assets

ntory, track, and correct) all hardware devices on the network so that only authorized devices are
uthorized and unmanaged devices are found and prevented from gaining access.

Utilize an active discovery tool to identify devices connected to the organization's network and
update the hardware asset inventory.

Utilize a passive discovery tool to identify devices connected to the organization's network
and automatically update the organization's hardware asset inventory.

Use Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) logging on all DHCP servers or IP address
management tools to update the organization's hardware asset inventory.

Maintain an accurate and up-to-date inventory of all technology assets with the potential to
store or process information. This inventory shall include all hardware assets, whether
connected to the organization's network or not.

Ensure that the hardware asset inventory records the network address, hardware address,
machine name, data asset owner, and department for each asset and whether the hardware
asset has been approved to connect to the network.

Ensure that unauthorized assets are either removed from the network, quarantined, or the
inventory is updated in a timely manner.

Utilize port level access control, following 802.1x standards, to control which devices can
authenticate to the network. The authentication system shall be tied into the hardware asset
inventory data to ensure only authorized devices can connect to the network.

Use client certificates to authenticate hardware assets connecting to the organization's trusted
network.
of Software Assets

ntory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed
hat unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution.

Maintain an up-to-date list of all authorized software that is required in the enterprise for any
business purpose on any business system.

Ensure that only software applications or operating systems currently supported and receiving
vendor updates are added to the organization's authorized software inventory. Unsupported
software should be tagged as unsupported in the inventory system.

Utilize software inventory tools throughout the organization to automate the documentation of
all software on business systems.

The software inventory system should track the name, version, publisher, and install date for
all software, including operating systems authorized by the organization.

The software inventory system should be tied into the hardware asset inventory so all devices
and associated software are tracked from a single location.

Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely
manner

Utilize application whitelisting technology on all assets to ensure that only authorized software
executes and all unauthorized software is blocked from executing on assets.

The organization's application whitelisting software must ensure that only authorized software
libraries (such as *.dll, *.ocx, *.so, etc.) are allowed to load into a system process.

The organization's application whitelisting software must ensure that only authorized, digitally
signed scripts (such as *.ps1, *.py, macros, etc.) are allowed to run on a system.
 Physically or logically segregated systems should be used to isolate and run software that is
required for business operations but incurs higher risk for the organization.

ty Management

assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and
f opportunity for attackers.

Utilize an up-to-date Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant vulnerability

scanning tool to automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent
basis to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

Perform authenticated vulnerability scanning with agents running locally on each system or
with remote scanners that are configured with elevated rights on the system being tested.

Use a dedicated account for authenticated vulnerability scans, which should not be used for
any other administrative activities and should be tied to specific machines at specific IP
addresses.

Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems are
running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.

Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that third-party software on all
systems is running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.

Regularly compare the results from consecutive vulnerability scans to verify that
vulnerabilities have been remediated in a timely manner.

Utilize a risk-rating process to prioritize the remediation of discovered vulnerabilities.

inistrative Privileges
 ls used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative
rs, networks, and applications.

Use automated tools to inventory all administrative accounts, including domain and local
accounts, to ensure that only authorized individuals have elevated privileges.

Before deploying any new asset, change all default passwords to have values consistent with
administrative level accounts.

Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary
account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative activities
and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.

Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or

service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.

Use multi-factor authentication and encrypted channels for all administrative account access.

Ensure administrators use a dedicated machine for all administrative tasks or tasks requiring
administrative access. This machine will be segmented from the organization's primary
network and not be allowed Internet access. This machine will not be used for reading e-mail,
composing documents, or browsing the Internet.

Limit access to scripting tools (such as Microsoft® PowerShell and Python) to only
administrative or development users with the need to access those capabilities.

Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert when an account is added to or removed
from any group assigned administrative privileges.

Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert on unsuccessful logins to an administrative
account.
or Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers

and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices,
workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to
exploiting vulnerable services and settings.

Maintain documented security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems
and software.

Maintain secure images or templates for all systems in the enterprise based on the
organization's approved configuration standards. Any new system deployment or existing
system that becomes compromised should be imaged using one of those images or
templates.

Store the master images and templates on securely configured servers, validated with
integrity monitoring tools, to ensure that only authorized changes to the images are possible.

Deploy system configuration management tools that will automatically enforce and redeploy
configuration settings to systems at regularly scheduled intervals.

Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration monitoring

system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved exceptions, and alert
when unauthorized changes occur.

ng and Analysis of Audit Logs

nalyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.

Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices
retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.

Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.

Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user,
timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
 Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.

Ensure that appropriate logs are being aggregated to a central log management system for
analysis and review.

Deploy Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) or log analytic tool for log
correlation and analysis.

On a regular basis, review logs to identify anomalies or abnormal events.

On a regular basis, tune your SIEM system to better identify actionable events and decrease
event noise.

er Protections

rface and the opportunities for attackers to manipulate human behavior though their interaction
d email systems.

Ensure that only fully supported web browsers and email clients are allowed to execute in the
organization, ideally only using the latest version of the browsers and email clients provided
by the vendor.

Uninstall or disable any unauthorized browser or email client plugins or add-on applications.

Ensure that only authorized scripting languages are able to run in all web browsers and email
clients.

Enforce network-based URL filters that limit a system's ability to connect to websites not
approved by the organization. This filtering shall be enforced for each of the organization's
systems, whether they are physically at an organization's facilities or not.
 Subscribe to URL-categorization services to ensure that they are up-to-date with the most
recent website category definitions available. Uncategorized sites shall be blocked by default.

Log all URL requests from each of the organization's systems, whether on-site or a mobile
device, in order to identify potentially malicious activity and assist incident handlers with
identifying potentially compromised systems.

Use Domain Name System (DNS) filtering services to help block access to known malicious
domains.

To lower the chance of spoofed or modified emails from valid domains, implement Domain-
based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance (DMARC) policy and verification,
starting by implementing the Sender Policy Framework (SPF) and the DomainKeys Identified
Mail(DKIM) standards.
Block all email attachments entering the organization's email gateway if the file types are
unnecessary for the organization's business.

Use sandboxing to analyze and block inbound email attachments with malicious behavior.

, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing
to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action.

Utilize centrally managed anti-malware software to continuously monitor and defend each of
the organization's workstations and servers.

Ensure that the organization's anti-malware software updates its scanning engine and
signature database on a regular basis.

Enable anti-exploitation features such as Data Execution Prevention (DEP) or Address Space
Layout Randomization (ASLR) that are available in an operating system or deploy appropriate
toolkits that can be configured to apply protection to a broader set of applications and
executables.

Configure devices so that they automatically conduct an anti-malware scan of removable

media when inserted or connected.

Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media.

Send all malware detection events to enterprise anti-malware administration tools and event
log servers for analysis and alerting.
 Enable Domain Name System (DNS) query logging to detect hostname lookups for known
malicious domains.

Enable command-line audit logging for command shells, such as Microsoft PowerShell and
Bash.

of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services

correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in
ows of vulnerability available to attackers.

Associate active ports, services, and protocols to the hardware assets in the asset inventory.

Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated
business needs are running on each system.

Perform automated port scans on a regular basis against all systems and alert if unauthorized
ports are detected on a system.

Apply host-based firewalls or port-filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that
drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.

Place application firewalls in front of any critical servers to verify and validate the traffic going
to the server. Any unauthorized traffic should be blocked and logged.

ls used to properly back up critical information with a proven methodology for timely recovery of

Ensure that all system data is automatically backed up on a regular basis.

Ensure that all of the organization's key systems are backed up as a complete system,
through processes such as imaging, to enable the quick recovery of an entire system.
 Ensure that backups are properly protected via physical security or encryption when they are
stored, as well as when they are moved across the network. This includes remote backups
and cloud services.

Ensure that all backups have at least one offline (i.e., not accessible via a network
connection) backup destination.

or Network Devices, such as Firewalls, Routers and Switches

and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of network
using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent
ng vulnerable services and settings.

Maintain documented security configuration standards for all authorized network devices.

All configuration rules that allow traffic to flow through network devices should be documented
in a configuration management system with a specific business reason for each rule, a
specific individual’s name responsible for that business need, and an expected duration of the
need.

Compare all network device configuration against approved security configurations defined for
each network device in use, and alert when any deviations are discovered.

Install the latest stable version of any security-related updates on all network devices.

Manage all network devices using multi-factor authentication and encrypted sessions.

Ensure network engineers use a dedicated machine for all administrative tasks or tasks
requiring elevated access. This machine shall be segmented from the organization's primary
network and not be allowed Internet access. This machine shall not be used for reading email,
composing documents, or surfing the Internet.

Manage the network infrastructure across network connections that are separated from the
business use of that network, relying on separate VLANs or, preferably, on entirely different
physical connectivity for management sessions for network devices.
the flow of information transferring networks of different trust levels with a focus on security-

Maintain an up-to-date inventory of all of the organization's network boundaries.

Perform regular scans from outside each trusted network boundary to detect any
unauthorized connections which are accessible across the boundary.

Deny communications with known malicious or unused Internet IP addresses and limit access
only to trusted and necessary IP address ranges at each of the organization's network
boundaries,.

Deny communication over unauthorized TCP or UDP ports or application traffic to ensure that
only authorized protocols are allowed to cross the network boundary in or out of the network
at each of the organization's network boundaries.
Configure monitoring systems to record network packets passing through the boundary at
each of the organization's network boundaries.

Deploy network-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) sensors to look for unusual attack
mechanisms and detect compromise of these systems at each of the organization's network
boundaries.

Deploy network-based Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) to block malicious network traffic at
each of the organization's network boundaries.

Enable the collection of NetFlow and logging data on all network boundary devices.

Ensure that all network traffic to or from the Internet passes through an authenticated
application layer proxy that is configured to filter unauthorized connections.

Decrypt all encrypted network traffic at the boundary proxy prior to analyzing the content.
However, the organization may use whitelists of allowed sites that can be accessed through
the proxy without decrypting the traffic.
 Require all remote login access to the organization's network to encrypt data in transit and
use multi-factor authentication.

Scan all enterprise devices remotely logging into the organization's network prior to accessing
the network to ensure that each of the organization's security policies has been enforced in
the same manner as local network devices.

ls used to prevent data exfiltration, mitigate the effects of exfiltrated data, and ensure the privacy
ve information.

Maintain an inventory of all sensitive information stored, processed, or transmitted by the

organization's technology systems, including those located on-site or at a remote service
provider.
Remove sensitive data or systems not regularly accessed by the organization from the
network. These systems shall only be used as stand-alone systems (disconnected from the
network) by the business unit needing to occasionally use the system or completely
virtualized and powered off until needed.
Deploy an automated tool on network perimeters that monitors for unauthorized transfer of
sensitive information and blocks such transfers while alerting information security
professionals.

Only allow access to authorized cloud storage or email providers.

Monitor all traffic leaving the organization and detect any unauthorized use of encryption.

Utilize approved cryptographic mechanisms to protect enterprise data stored on all mobile
devices.

If USB storage devices are required, enterprise software should be used that can configure
systems to allow the use of specific devices. An inventory of such devices should be
maintained.

Configure systems not to write data to external removable media, if there is no business need
for supporting such devices.

If USB storage devices are required, all data stored on such devices must be encrypted while
at rest.
ed on the Need to Know

ls used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information,

ccording to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need
se critical assets based on an approved classification.

Segment the network based on the label or classification level of the information stored on the
servers, locate all sensitive information on separated Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs).

Enable firewall filtering between VLANs to ensure that only authorized systems are able to
communicate with other systems necessary to fulfill their specific responsibilities.

Disable all workstation-to-workstation communication to limit an attacker's ability to move

laterally and compromise neighboring systems, through technologies such as Private VLANs
or micro segmentation.

Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.

Utilize an active discovery tool to identify all sensitive information stored, processed, or
transmitted by the organization's technology systems, including those located on-site or at a
remote service provider, and update the organization's sensitive information inventory.

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application,
or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only
authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access
the information as a part of their responsibilities.

Use an automated tool, such as host-based Data Loss Prevention, to enforce access controls
to data even when data is copied off a system.

Encrypt all sensitive information at rest using a tool that requires a secondary authentication
mechanism not integrated into the operating system, in order to access the information.

Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive data
(utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and Event Monitoring).

ls used to track/control/prevent/correct the security use of wireless local area networks (WLANs),
eless client systems.
 Maintain an inventory of authorized wireless access points connected to the wired network.

Configure network vulnerability scanning tools to detect and alert on unauthorized wireless
access points connected to the wired network.
Use a wireless intrusion detection system (WIDS) to detect and alert on unauthorized wireless
access points connected to the network.

Disable wireless access on devices that do not have a business purpose for wireless access.

Configure wireless access on client machines that do have an essential wireless business
purpose, to allow access only to authorized wireless networks and to restrict access to other
wireless networks.

Disable peer-to-peer (ad hoc) wireless network capabilities on wireless clients.

Leverage the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to encrypt wireless data in transit.

Ensure that wireless networks use authentication protocols such as Extensible Authentication
Protocol-Transport Layer Security (EAP/TLS), which requires mutual, multi-factor
authentication.

Disable wireless peripheral access of devices [such as Bluetooth and Near Field
Communication (NFC)], unless such access is required for a business purpose.

Create a separate wireless network for personal or untrusted devices. Enterprise access from
this network should be treated as untrusted and filtered and audited accordingly.

d Control

e cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to
s for attackers to leverage them.

Maintain an inventory of each of the organization's authentication systems, including those

located on-site or at a remote service provider.

Configure access for all accounts through as few centralized points of authentication as
possible, including network, security, and cloud systems.

Require multi-factor authentication for all user accounts, on all systems, whether managed
on-site or by a third-party provider.
 Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.

Ensure that all account usernames and authentication credentials are transmitted across
networks using encrypted channels.

Maintain an inventory of all accounts organized by authentication system.

Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by disabling accounts
immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an employee or contractor .
Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts, allows preservation of audit trails.

Disable any account that cannot be associated with a business process or business owner.

Automatically disable dormant accounts after a set period of inactivity.

Ensure that all accounts have an expiration date that is monitored and enforced.

Automatically lock workstation sessions after a standard period of inactivity.

Monitor attempts to access deactivated accounts through audit logging.

Alert when users deviate from normal login behavior, such as time-of-day, workstation
location, and duration.

Awareness and Training Program

in the organization (prioritizing those mission-critical to the business and its security), identify
e, skills, and abilities needed to support defense of the enterprise; develop and execute an
ss, identify gaps, and remediate through policy, organizational planning, training, and awareness
 Perform a skills gap analysis to understand the skills and behaviors workforce members are
not adhering to, using this information to build a baseline education roadmap.

Deliver training to address the skills gap identified to positively impact workforce members'
security behavior.

Create a security awareness program for all workforce members to complete on a regular
basis to ensure they understand and exhibit the necessary behaviors and skills to help ensure
the security of the organization. The organization's security awareness program should be
communicated in a continuous and engaging manner.

Ensure that the organization's security awareness program is updated frequently (at least
annually) to address new technologies, threats, standards, and business requirements.

Train workforce members on the importance of enabling and utilizing secure authentication.

Train the workforce on how to identify different forms of social engineering attacks, such as
phishing, phone scams, and impersonation calls.

Train workforce members on how to identify and properly store, transfer, archive, and destroy
sensitive information.

Train workforce members to be aware of causes for unintentional data exposures, such as
losing their mobile devices or emailing the wrong person due to autocomplete in email.

Train workforce members to be able to identify the most common indicators of an incident and
be able to report such an incident.

ecurity

e cycle of all in-house developed and acquired software in order to prevent, detect, and correct

Establish secure coding practices appropriate to the programming language and development
environment being used.

For in-house developed software, ensure that explicit error checking is performed and
documented for all input, including for size, data type, and acceptable ranges or formats.
 Verify that the version of all software acquired from outside your organization is still supported
by the developer or appropriately hardened based on developer security recommendations.

Only use up-to-date and trusted third-party components for the software developed by the
organization.

Use only standardized, currently accepted, and extensively reviewed encryption algorithms.

Ensure that all software development personnel receive training in writing secure code for
their specific development environment and responsibilities.

Apply static and dynamic analysis tools to verify that secure coding practices are being
adhered to for internally developed software.

Establish a process to accept and address reports of software vulnerabilities, including

providing a means for external entities to contact your security group.

Maintain separate environments for production and non-production systems. Developers

should not have unmonitored access to production environments.

Protect web applications by deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) that inspect all traffic
flowing to the web application for common web application attacks. For applications that are
not web-based, specific application firewalls should be deployed if such tools are available for
the given application type. If the traffic is encrypted, the device should either sit behind the
encryption or be capable of decrypting the traffic prior to analysis. If neither option is
appropriate, a host-based web application firewall should be deployed.

For applications that rely on a database, use standard hardening configuration templates. All
systems that are part of critical business processes should also be tested.

Management

n's information, as well as its reputation, by developing and implementing an incident response
ns, defined roles, training, communications, management oversight) for quickly discovering an
vely containing the damage, eradicating the attacker's presence, and restoring the integrity of the
 Ensure that there are written incident response plans that define roles of personnel as well as
phases of incident handling/management.

Assign job titles and duties for handling computer and network incidents to specific
individuals, and ensure tracking and documentation throughout the incident through
resolution.

Designate management personnel, as well as backups, who will support the incident handling
process by acting in key decision-making roles.

Devise organization-wide standards for the time required for system administrators and other
workforce members to report anomalous events to the incident handling team, the
mechanisms for such reporting, and the kind of information that should be included in the
incident notification.
Assemble and maintain information on third-party contact information to be used to report a
security incident, such as Law Enforcement, relevant government departments, vendors, and
Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC) partners.

Publish information for all workforce members, regarding reporting computer anomalies and
incidents, to the incident handling team. Such information should be included in routine
employee awareness activities.

Plan and conduct routine incident, response exercises and scenarios for the workforce
involved in the incident response to maintain awareness and comfort in responding to real-
world threats. Exercises should test communication channels, decision making, and incident
responders technical capabilities using tools and data available to them.

Create incident scoring and prioritization schema based on known or potential impact to your
organization. Utilize score to define frequency of status updates and escalation procedures.

Red Team Exercises

th of an organization's defense (the technology, the processes, and the people) by simulating the
of an attacker.

Establish a program for penetration tests that includes a full scope of blended attacks, such
as wireless, client-based, and web application attacks.

Conduct regular external and internal penetration tests to identify vulnerabilities and attack
vectors that can be used to exploit enterprise systems successfully.

Perform periodic Red Team exercises to test organizational readiness to identify and stop
attacks or to respond quickly and effectively.
Include tests for the presence of unprotected system information and artifacts that would be
useful to attackers, including network diagrams, configuration files, older penetration test
reports, e-mails or documents containing passwords or other information critical to system
operation.

Create a test bed that mimics a production environment for specific penetration tests and Red
Team attacks against elements that are not typically tested in production, such as attacks
against supervisory control and data acquisition and other control systems.

Use vulnerability scanning and penetration testing tools in concert. The results of vulnerability
scanning assessments should be used as a starting point to guide and focus penetration
testing efforts.

Wherever possible, ensure that Red Team results are documented using open, machine-
readable standards (e.g., SCAP). Devise a scoring method for determining the results of Red
Team exercises so that results can be compared over time.

Any user or system accounts used to perform penetration testing should be controlled and
monitored to make sure they are only being used for legitimate purposes, and are removed or
restored to normal function after testing is over.
Implementation Group 1 Implementation Group 2 Implementation Group 3

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