Solid Waste Management

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT(GROUP 6)
GROUP MEMBER
ARVINDHRA RAO A/L KRIOHNAMURTHY

MUHAMMAD ASYRAF BIN SUHAIMI
MUHAMMAD DANIAL HAKKIM BIN MOHAMAD KHALIL
AMIRUL AIMAN BIN AB RASID
Contents
1) INTRODUCTION AND WHAT IS SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT?
2) CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE
3) WHY WE NEED TO MANAGE SOLID WASTE?
4) METHODS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
5) EFFECT OF POOR SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
6) ADVANCED AND FUTURISTIC TECHNOLOGY &
INNOVATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
-GLOBALLY, AROUND THE WORLD, WASTE

GENERATION RATES ARE RISING.
- IN 2016( ACCORDING TO WORLD BANK), THE
WORLDS’ CITIES GENERATED 2.01 BILLION
TONNES OF SOLID WASTE, AMOUNTING TO A
FOOTPRINT OF 0.74 KILOGRAMS PER PERSON PER
DAY.
-WITH RAPID POPULATION GROWTH AND
URBANIZATION, ANNUAL WASTE GENERATION IS
EXPECTED TO INCREASE BY 70% FROM 2016
LEVELS TO 3.40 BILLION TONNES IN 2050.
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT?
- To define solid waste, solid waste refers to
the range of garbage arising from animal and
human activities that are discarded as
unwanted and useless.
- Solid Waste Management is defined as the
discipline associated with control of
generation, storage, collection, transport or
transfer, processing and disposal of solid
waste materials in a way that best addresses
the range of public health, conservation,
economics, aesthetic, engineering and other
environmental considerations
CLASSIFICATION
OF
SOLID WASTE
Municipal Waste Cormmercial Waste Plastics
Garbage Street Sweeping Domestic and

Residential Waste
Rubbish Dead Animals
Biomedical/
Ashes Industrial Waste Hospital Waste
Construction and
Bulky Waste Hazardous Waste
Demolition Waste
Institutional Waste Sewage Waste

Type of Solid
Waste
Why we need to manage
solid waste ??
Uncontrolled solid waste
can damaged soil, Protect environment and
groundwater and health of populationeholder
surrounding habitat
Solid waste such as rubbish

Cause waterborne Effects the natural beauty
can pollute air and water
diseaseext placeholder of the earth
METHOD OF SOLID
MANAGEMENT
Preventing or reducing waste
generation
Conscious decision should be made at the personal and

professional level to judiciously curb the menacing
growth of wastes.
Recycling
Transform the wastes into products of their own genre through

industrial processing. Paper, glass, aluminum, and plastics are
commonly recycled. It is environmentally friendly to reuse the wastes
instead of adding them to nature. However, processing technologies are
pretty expensive.
Incineration
Combustion of wastes to transform them into base components, with the generated
heat being trapped for deriving energy. it rather inexpensive to burn wastes and the
waste volume is reduced by about 90%.Hazardous and toxic wastes can be easily be rid
of by using this method. energy extracted can be used for cooking, heating, and
supplying power to turbines.
Composting
Involves decomposition of organic wastes by microbes by allowing the waste

to stay accumulated in a pit for a long period of time. The nutrient rich
compost can be used as plant manure. However, the process is slow and
consumes a significant amount of land. Biological reprocessing tremendously
improves the fertility of the soil.
Sanitary Landfill
Involves the dumping of wastes into a landfill. The base is prepared of a protective lining,
which serves as a barrier between wastes and ground water, and prevents the separation
of toxic chemicals into the water zone. Waste layers are subjected to compaction and
subsequently coated with an earth layer. Soil that is non-porous is preferred to mitigate
the vulnerability of accidental leakage of toxic chemicals. Landfills should be created in
places with low groundwater level and far from sources of flooding. However, a sufficient
number of skilled manpower is required to maintain sanitary landfills.
Disposal in ocean/sea
Wastes generally of radioactive nature are dumped in the oceans far

from active human habitats. However, environmentalists are challenging
this method, as such an action is believed to spell doom for aquatic life
by depriving the ocean waters of its inherent nutrients.
EFFECT OF POOR
SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Surface water
contamination
Waste that end up in water bodies negatively change the chemical

composition of the water. Technically, this is called water pollution. This
will affect all ecosystems existing in the water. It can also cause harm to
animals that drink from such polluted water.
Soil contamination
Hazardous chemicals that get into the soil (contaminants) can harm
plants when they take up the contamination through their roots. If
humans eat plants and animals that have been in contact with such
polluted soils, there can be negative impact on their health.
Pollution
Bad waste management practices can result in land and air pollution and
can cause respiratory problems and other adverse health effects as
contaminants are absorbed from the lungs into other parts of the body.
Leachate
Liquid that forms as water trickles through contaminated areas is called

Leachate. It forms very harmful mixture of chemicals that may result in
hazardous substances entering surface water, groundwater or soil.
ADVANCED &
FUTURISTIC
TECHNOLOGY IN
SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
RFID SYSTEM
- RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) IS ONE OF THE
MOST PROMISING AND ANTICIPATED TECHNOLOGIES IN RECENT
YEARS.
- SYSTEM CONSISTS OF RFID TAGS
MOUNTED ON CONTAINERS, RFID READERS MOUNTED ON
TRUCKS ALONG WITH GPS FOR LOCATION TRACKING AND GSM
MODULE FOR WIRELESS TRANSMISSION.
-THE SYSTEM PROVIDES REAL TIME MONITORING OF THE
WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM THROUGH A WEB BASED
APPLICATION AVAILABLE TO ADMINISTRATORS FOR DECISION
MAKING LIKE REALLOCATION OF ROUTES AND CONTAINERS ETC.
AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES LIKE OBSERVING PERFORMANCE OF
CONTRACTORS, OBSERVING WASTE GENERATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICULAR AREA.
PLASMA GASIFICATION
- THE WASTE IS HEATED TO VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES (1000–
15,000°C) SO IT MELTS AND THEN VAPORIZES. THIS IS DONE BY AN
ELECTRICAL DEVICE KNOWN AS A PLASMA ARC, WHICH IS A KIND
OF SUPER-HOT "TORCH" MADE BY PASSING GAS THROUGH AN
ELECTRICAL SPARK.
-SIMPLE ORGANIC (CARBON-BASED) MATERIALS COOL BACK

DOWN INTO RELATIVELY CLEAN GASES; METALS AND
OTHER INORGANIC WASTES FUSE TOGETHER AND COOL BACK
INTO SOLIDS.
-IN THEORY, YOU END UP WITH TWO PRODUCTS: SYNGAS (AN

ENERGY-RICH MIXTURE OF CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROGEN)
AND A KIND OF ROCKY SOLID WASTE NOT UNLIKE CHUNKS OF
BROKEN GLASS.
-
Pyrolysis process consists of both simultaneous and successive reactions when carbon-
rich organic material is heated in a non-reactive atmosphere.In other word pyrolysis is the
thermal degradation of organic materials in the absence of oxygen. Thermal
decomposition of organic components in the waste stream starts at 350°C–550°C and goes
up to 700°C–800°C in the absence of air/oxygen.
The process requires an external heat source to maintain the high temperature
required. Pyrolysis can be performed at relatively small-scale which may help in
reducing transport and handling costs
The main products obtained from pyrolysis of municipal wastes are a high calorific
value gas (synthesis gas or syngas), a biofuel (bio oil or pyrolysis oil) and a solid
residue (char)
The main product is a liquid fuel popularly known as bio oil. Bio oil is a dark brown liquid and
can be upgraded to either engine fuel or through gasification processes to a syngas and then
biodiesel
Syngas is a mixture of energy-rich gases (combustible constituents include carbon monoxide,

hydrogen, methane and a broad range of other VOCs)

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT(GROUP 6)

ARVINDHRA RAO A/L KRIOHNAMURTHY

1) INTRODUCTION AND WHAT IS SOLID WASTE

-GLOBALLY, AROUND THE WORLD, WASTE

Garbage Street Sweeping Domestic and

Institutional Waste Sewage Waste

Solid waste such as rubbish

Conscious decision should be made at the personal and

Transform the wastes into products of their own genre through

Involves decomposition of organic wastes by microbes by allowing the waste

Wastes generally of radioactive nature are dumped in the oceans far

Waste that end up in water bodies negatively change the chemical

Liquid that forms as water trickles through contaminated areas is called

-SIMPLE ORGANIC (CARBON-BASED) MATERIALS COOL BACK

-IN THEORY, YOU END UP WITH TWO PRODUCTS: SYNGAS (AN

Syngas is a mixture of energy-rich gases (combustible constituents include carbon monoxide,

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